Which of the following units could be used to express reaction rate? Reaction Kinetics Monster Review

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1 Chemistry 12 Reaction Kinetics Monster Review 1. Which of the following units could be used to express reaction rate? A. ml s B. ml g C. g ml D. ml mol 2. Consider the reaction: Zn( s) + 2HCl( aq) ZnCl2( aq) + H2( g) The rate of production of ZnCl 2, can be increased by A. decreasing the [ HCl]. B. increasing the temperature. C. increasing the volume of H 2. D. decreasing the surface area of Zn. 3. The statement, the minimum energy needed to achieve a successful collision, defines A. entropy. B. activation energy. C. the H of reaction. D. the activated complex. 4. As an activated complex changes to products, A. potential energy changes to kinetic energy. B. kinetic energy changes to potential energy. C. kinetic energy changes to activation energy. D. potential energy changes to activation energy.

2 5. Consider the following diagram for an uncatalysed and a catalyzed reaction: 25 kj 10 kj 15 kj Which of the following describes the forward catalyzed reaction? Activation Energy H A B C D. 25 PART 15 A: MULTIPLE CHOICE Value: 60 marks Suggested Time: 70 minutes A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without appearing in the equation INSTRUCTIONS: for the overall reaction For each is question, a(n) select the best answer and record your choice on the Response Form provided. Using an HB pencil, completely fill in the circle that has the letter A. product. corresponding to your answer. B. catalyst. C. reactant. Selected multiple-choice questions are worth 2 marks. D. intermediate. PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following reactions occurs most rapidly at standard conditions? (1 mark) Value: 60 marks Suggested Time: 70 minutes INSTRUCTIONS: A. 2Fe( s) + O For 2( g) each 2 question, FeO( s) select the best answer and record your choice on the Response B. CaO( s) + 3Form C( s) provided. CaC Using 2( s) + COan HB pencil, completely fill in the circle that has the letter corresponding to your answer. ( g) C. SnO2( s) + 2CO( g) Sn( s) + 2CO2( g) Selected multiple-choice questions are worth 2 marks. D. 2AgNO + Na CrO Ag CrO + 2NaNO 3( aq) 2 4( aq) 2 4( s) 3( aq) 1. Which of the following reactions occurs most rapidly at standard conditions? (1 mark) 2. A. 2Fe Consider ( the s) + O following 2( g) 2FeO reaction: ( s) (1 mark) B. CaO( s) + 3C( s) CaC2( s) + CO( g) CaO( s) + 2HCl( aq) CaCl2( aq) + H2O( l) C. SnO2( s) + 2CO( g) Sn( s) + 2CO2( g) Which D. 2AgNO of the following + Na could CrO be used Ag to measure CrO the + 2rate NaNO of this reaction? A. change in acidity B. change in volume 3( aq) 2 4( aq) 2 4( s) 3( aq)

3 9. In order for a collision between reactant particles to be successful A. a H must be positive. B. the system must be closed. C. there must be sufficient KE. D. the change in KE must be less than the change in. 10. Consider the following diagram: I II III IV The activation energy for the forward reaction is represented by A. I B. II C. III D. IV 11. What is the relationship between the activation energy and the rate of a reaction? A. When the activation energy is high, the rate of reaction is fast. B. When the activation energy is low, the rate of reaction is slow. C. When the activation energy is high, the rate of reaction is slow. D. There is no relationship between activation energy and rate of reaction. 12. Consider the following reaction mechanism: Step 1 OCl + H O HOCl + OH Step 2 I + HOCl HOI + Cl Step 3 HOI + OH H O + OI 2 2 Which of the following is correct for the overall reaction? A. HOI is a product. B. HO 2 is a reactant. C. HOCl is a catalyst. D. OH is a reaction intermediate.

4 13. Which of the following reactions is slowest at room temperature? A. NH + HCl NH Cl 3( g) ( g) 4 ( s) B. MgCl + Ca Mg + CaCl 2( s) ( s) ( s) 2( s) C. HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2 O l ( aq) ( aq) ( aq) ( ) ( ) + + D. Ba NO Na SO BaSO 2NaNO 3 2( aq) 2 4( aq) 4( s) 3( aq) 14. Consider the following reaction: COCl2( g) CO( g) + Cl2( g) Which of the following could be used to determine reaction rate in a closed system? 15. A. a decrease in gas pressure B. an increase in gas pressure C. a decrease in the mass of the system D. an increase in the mass of the system Activation energy is defined as the A. H. B. average kinetic energy. C. energy of a particle s motion. D. minimum energy needed for a successful collision. 16. Which of the following reactions is endothermic? A. CH + 2O CO + 2H O kJ 4( g) 2( g) 2( g) 2 ( l ). 2 2 s + 2 l. aq + 2 g B. 2Na O ( ) 2H O( ) 287 0kJ 4NaOH( ) O ( ) C. CaO( s) H2O( l ) Ca OH 2( aq) H = kj D. CaO( s) + 3C( s) CaC2( s) + CO( g) H = kj + ( )

5 17. The following diagram shows reactant molecules approaching one another: Cl O N O Cl What is happening to the kinetic energy and the potential energy? Kinetic Energy Potential Energy A. decreasing decreasing B. decreasing increasing C. increasing increasing D. increasing decreasing 18. A proposed mechanism for a reaction is: Step 1 H O + I HI + H O Step 2 H2O2 + HI H2O + HOI Step 3 HOI + H O + I 2H O + I 2 3 Step 4 I + I I In the above mechanism, which of the following is true for the overall reaction? A. HI is a catalyst B. H 3 O is a product C. H 2 O 2 is a reactant D. H 2 O is an intermediate

6 19. Consider the following reaction: NH 2 4( l) + 2HO 2 2( l) N2( g) + 4HO 2 ( l) In 5. 0 seconds, mol of H 2 O 2 is consumed. The rate of production of N 2 is A B C D mol s mol s mol s mol s 20. Consider the following reaction: 3Fe2O3( s) + CO( g) 2Fe3O4( s) + CO2( g) + 46kJ Which of the following would cause the rate of the reaction to increase? A. removing the Fe 3 O 4 B. decreasing the temperature C. increasing the surface area of Fe 2 O 3 D. increasing the volume of the reaction vessel 21. Activation energy is described as A. the energy of the activated complex. B. a point on the diagram where KE =. C. the unstable high structural arrangement of atoms. D. the minimum difference between the activated complex and the reactants. 22. What happens to the activation energy and H when a catalyst is added to a reaction? Activation Energy H A. increases remains the same B. increases increases C. decreases remains the same D. decreases decreases

7 23. Consider the following potential energy diagram for a reaction: What is the value of H for this reaction? A. 120 kj B. 30 kj C. +30 kj D kj 24. A substance that is produced in one step in a reaction mechanism and consumed in a subsequent step, without appearing in the overall reaction, is a(n) A. catalyst. B. product. C. reactant. D. intermediate Which of the following has the greatest reaction rate? A. C( s) + O2( g) CO2( g) B. 2HO 2 2( l) 2HO 2 ( l) + O2( g) C. 2Al( s) + 3CuCl2( aq) 2AlCl3 ( aq) + 3Cu( s) D. NaCl + AgNO AgCl + NaNO ( aq) 3( aq) ( s) 3( aq) Which factor explains why potassium generally reacts faster than sodium? A. surface area B. temperature C. concentration D. nature of reactants

8 27. What happens to the and KE of the reactant particles as the activated complex is formed? KE A. increases decreases B. increases increases C. decreases decreases D. decreases increases 28. Consider the following diagram: What are the values of H and activation energy ( E a ) for the forward reaction? H E a A. 50 B C. +50 D

9 29. Consider the following reaction mechanism: Step 1 Cl2 2Cl Step 2 CHCl3 + Cl HCl + CCl3 Step 3 CCl3 + Cl CCl4 Which of the following is a reactant in the overall reaction? A. Cl B. HCl C. CCl 3 D. CHCl Consider the following diagram for a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction: Which of the following describes the reverse reaction? Reverse Reaction Activation Energy H A. catalyzed 50 B. uncatalyzed 50 C. catalyzed 50 + D. uncatalyzed 50 +

10 31. Which of the following could be used to describe the rate of a reaction? A. B. C. D. change in time change in mass change in mass change in volume change in volume change in time change in volume change in mass 32. Consider the following reaction: 2HO 2 2( aq) 2HO 2 ( l) + O2( g) Which factor explains why the above reaction speeds up in the presence of MnO 2 s ( )? A. temperature B. concentration C. nature of reactants D. presence of catalyst 33. What happens to the potential energy and the total energy as an activated complex changes into products? Total Energy A. increases increases B. decreases decreases C. increases remains constant D. decreases remains constant

11 34. Consider the following diagram: Which of the following describes the type of reaction and H for the reverse reaction? Type of Reaction H kj ( ) A. exothermic positive B. endothermic positive C. exothermic negative D. endothermic negative 35. Consider the following diagram for a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction: Which of the following describes the forward reaction? Reaction Activation Energy kj ( ) H kj ( ) A. catalyzed 50 B. uncatalyzed 50 C. catalyzed D. uncatalyzed

12 36. Consider the following reaction mechanism: Step 1 NO2 + SO2 SO3 + NO Step 2 NO + 1 O NO Identify the catalyst. A. O 2 B. NO C. SO 2 D. NO Which of the following has the lowest rate of reaction? A. Pb( s) + CuCl2( aq) Cu( s) + PbCl2( aq) B. HCl + NaOH H O + NaCl ( aq) ( aq) 2 ( l) ( aq) C. H SO + Ba( OH) 2H O + BaSO 2 4( aq) 2( aq) 2 ( l) 4( s) ( ) + + D. Pb NO 2NaI PbI 2NaNO 3 2( aq) ( aq) 2( s) 3( aq) 38. Which of the following affects the rate of heterogeneous reactions, but does not affect the rate of homogeneous reactions? A. catalyst B. temperature C. surface area D. concentration 39. As reactant particles approach each other, what changes occur in KE and? KE A. increases increases B. increases decreases C. decreases increases D. decreases decreases

13 40. Consider the following diagram: What is the minimum potential energy required to change reactants to the activated complex? 41. A. 200 kj B. 300 kj C. 400 kj D. 500 kj Consider the following reaction mechanism: Step 1 2NO2 NO3 + NO Step 2 NO3 + CO NO2 + CO2 Identify a product in the overall reaction. A. CO B. CO 2 C. NO 2 D. NO 3

14 42. Consider the following diagram for a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction: Which of the following describes the reverse reaction? Reverse Reaction Activation Energy kj ( ) H kj ( ) A. uncatalyzed 300 B. catalyzed 300 C. uncatalyzed D. catalyzed Which of the following could be used to describe the rate of a reaction? A. B. C. D. change in time change in concentration change in mass change in concentration change in concentration change in time change in concentration change in mass 44. Which factor explains why coal dust is explosive? A. temperature B. surface area C. concentration D. addition of catalyst

15 45. As an activated complex changes into products, what changes occur in the chemical bonds of the activated complex and the of the system? Bonds A. form increases B. form decreases C. break increases D. break decreases Consider the following diagram for a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction: (2 marks) Consider the following diagram: 5. Consider the Which following of the following diagram describes for a H catalyzed and the type and uncatalyzed of reaction reactio in the forward direction? H kj ( ) 600 Type of Reaction A. 50 exothermic 500 B. 50 endothermic 400 C. +50 exothermic 300 D. +50 endothermic 200 Progress of Progress the reaction of the reaction 5. Consider the following Which of diagram the following for a catalyzed describes and the uncatalyzed forward reaction? reaction: (2 marks) 47. Consider the following diagram for a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction: Activation Energy HWhich of the following describes the forward reaction? Reaction 600 ( kj) ( kj) Activation Energy H A. 500 catalyzed 300 Reaction ( kj) ( kj) 400 B. uncatalyzed 300 A. catalyzed C. catalyzed B. uncatalyzed 300 D. uncatalyzed C. catalyzed D. uncatalyzed Consider the following reaction mechanism: (1 mark) Which of the following describes the forward reaction? 48. Reaction Activation Energy H 6. Consider the following reaction mechanism: Step 1 ( kj) ( kj) NOCl NO + Cl A. catalyzed 300 Step 2 NOCl + Cl NO + Cl2 B. uncatalyzed 300 Step 1 NOCl NO + Cl C. catalyzed Identify the reaction intermediate. Step 2 NOCl + Cl NO + Cl2 D. uncatalyzed A. Cl B. Cl 2 Identify the reaction intermediate. C. NO D. NOCl A. Cl 6. Consider the following reaction mechanism: (1 mark) B. Cl 2 C. NO OVER - 3 -

16 49. Given the reaction: CaCO3( s) + 2HCl( aq) $ CaCl2( aq) + H2O( l) + CO2( g) + heat Which of the following will cause the reaction rate to increase? A. increasing pressure B. decreasing pressure C. increasing temperature D. decreasing temperature 50. Consider the following reaction: Fe O s + 2Al s $ Al O s + 2Fe l 2 3( ) ( ) 2 3( ) ( ) If mol of Fe is produced in sec, what is the rate of consumption of Fe 2 O 3 in mol s? 51. A mol s B mol s C mol s D. 50. mol s Which of the following would result in a successful collision between reactant particles? A. particles have sufficient KE B. particles convert all their into KE C. particles are in an excited state and are catalyzed D. particles have sufficient KE and proper molecular orientation 52. Which of the following best describes the E a of a fast reaction and the stability of its activated complex? E a Activated Complex A. small unstable B. small stable C. large unstable D. large stable

17 53. How does the addition of a catalyst increase the reaction rate of an endothermic reaction? A. It reduces the DH of the reaction. B. It increases the DH of the reaction. C. It reduces the required activation energy. D. It causes the reaction to become exothermic. 54. Consider the following diagram: What is the activation energy for the reverse reaction? A. -60 kj B. -20 kj C. +40 kj D. +60 kj 55. Consider the following reaction occurring in an open container: CaCO3( s) + 2HCl( aq) $ CaCl2( aq) + H2O( l) + CO2( g) The reaction rate could be calculated by using which of the following? A. a change in [ Cl - ] B. a decrease in ph value C. a change in gas pressure D. a decrease in the mass of the system 56. Which of the following does not affect both homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction rates? A. addition of a catalyst B. change in temperature C. change in surface area D. change in concentration

18 57. How do KE and change as reactant particles collide with each other? KE A. increases increases B. increases decreases C. decreases increases D. decreases decreases 58. Under which of the following conditions will the reaction rate decrease for a reaction which goes to completion? A. A catalyst is removed. B. Products are removed. C. Temperature is increased. D. Solid reactants are ground into powders. 59. Consider the following potential energy diagram for a reaction: Which of the following represents the correct activation energies? Forward Catalyzed E a Reverse Uncatalyzed E a A. 40 kj 140 kj B. 80 kj 40 kj C. kj 80 kj D. kj 160 kj

19 60. What is an important function of the catalyst found in an automobile exhaust system? A. increase fuel economy B. decrease the rate of CO 2 production C. increase the conversion rate of NO 2 to N 2 D. increase the conversion rate of heat into work 61. Which of the following reactions would have the greatest reaction rate at room temperature? A. C3H8 ( g) + 5O2( g) $ 3CO2( g) + 4H2O( g) B. Ca( s) + 2H 2 O( l ) $ Ca( OH) 2 ( aq) + H 2 ( g) C. AgNO + NaCl $ AgCl + NaNO 3( aq) ( aq) ( s) 3( aq) D. Na2CO3( s) + 2HCl( aq) $ 2NaCl( aq) + H2O( l) + CO2( g) 62. Consider the following reaction: 2NO( g) + O2( g) $ 2NO2( g) DH = -114 kj How could the rate of this reaction be increased? A. Reduce the pressure. B. Increase the volume. C. Remove some NO 2( g). D. Increase the temperature. 63. An activated complex can be described as A. a particle of maximum KE and minimum. B. a stable particle found in a reaction mechanism. C. an unstable particle that is neither reactant nor product. D. a particle which is first used then regenerated in a reaction mechanism. 64. Which of the following could result in an increase in reaction rate? A. an increase in the activation energy B. an increase in the reaction enthalpy C. an increase in the frequency of collisions D. an increase in the potential energy of the activated complex

20 65. Consider the following diagram: I Which of the following describes the energy value indicated by I? A. heat of reaction B. activation energy for the reverse reaction C. activation energy for the forward reaction D. potential energy of the reaction intermediate 66. Consider the following reaction mechanism and overall reaction: O ( ) + NO( ) $ NO ( ) g g 2 g sunlight 2 g g g NO ( ) $ NO( ) + O( ) O + O $ O ( g) 2( g) 3( g) 3 2 O2 g $ O3 g ( ) ( ) What is the catalyst in this mechanism? A. O ( g) B. NO ( g) C. NO 2( g) D. sunlight 67. Consider the following diagram: Identify the activation energy for the forward uncatalysed reaction A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

21 68. Which of the following reactions would be slowest at room temperature? A. Zn + S $ ZnS ( s) ( s) ( s) B. Cu( s) + 2AgNO ( aq) $ Cu ( NO ) 3 3 2( aq) + 2Ag( s) ( ) + $ + C. Pb NO 2KI PbI 2KNO 3 2( aq) ( aq) 2( s) 3( aq) D. HC2H3O2 + KOH $ KC2H3O2 + H2O l ( aq) ( aq) ( aq) ( ) 69. Consider the following reaction: + 2BaCrO4( s) + 2H ( aq) $ 2Ba ( aq) + H2O( l) + Cr2O 7 ( aq) ( yellow) ( orange) The progress of the reaction could be followed by observing the rate of 2+ A. mass loss. B. decrease in ph. C. precipitate formation. D. formation of orange colour in the solution What happens to the activation energy as the temperature in a reacting system increases? A. the activation energy increases B. the activation energy decreases C. the activation energy stays the same D. the activation energy is converted to kinetic energy 71. Consider the following information for a reversible chemical reaction: 1 forward activation energy = 20kJ 2 reverse activation energy = 30kJ Which of the following describes the reaction type and enthalpy change for the forward reaction? Reaction Type DH Value A. exothermic -10 kj B. exothermic +10 kj C. endothermic -10 kj D. endothermic +10 kj