1. Which of the following units could be used to express the reaction rate?

Transcription

1 Chemistry 12 Kinetics Practice Test # 2 1. Which of the following units could be used to express the reaction rate? A. ml/s B. ml/g C. g/ml D. ml/mol 2. Consider the reaction: Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) The rate of production of ZnCl 2, can be increased by A. decreasing the [HCl]. B. increasing the temperature C. increasing the volume of H 2. D. decreasing the surface area of Zn. 3. The statement, the minimum energy needed for a successful collision, defines A. enthalpy. B. activation energy. C. the ΔH of the reaction. D. the activated complex. 4. As an activated complex changes to products, A. potential energy changes to kinetic energy. B. kinetic energy changes to potential energy. C kinetic energy changes to activation energy. D. potential energy changes to activation energy. 5. Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest rate at room temperature. A. 2H 2(g) + O 2(g) 2H 2 O (l) B. 2Ag + 2- (aq) + CrO 4 (aq) Ag 2 CrO 4(s) C. Pb (s) + 2HCl (aq) PbCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) D. CH 4(g) + 2O 2(g) CO 2(g) + H 2 O (g) 6 Consider the following PE diagram for an uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction PE (kj) 35kJ 15kJ 10kJ Progress of the Reaction

2 Which of the following describes the forward catalyzed reaction? Activation Energy (kj) ΔH (kj) A B C D A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without appearing in the equation for the overall reaction is a(an) A. product B. catalyst C. reactant D. intermediate 8. Activation energy can be described as the A. energy of motion B. energy of the activated complex. C. energy difference between the reactants and the products. D. energy difference between the reactants and the activated complex. 9. What effect does a catalyst have on a reaction? A. It changes the ΔH of a reaction. B. It increases the kinetic energy of the reactants. C. It decreases the potential energy of the products. D. It provides a reaction mechanism with a lower activation energy. 10. Consider the following reaction involving 1.0 g of powdered zinc: Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) Trial Temperature (0C) Concentration of HCl The rates in order of fastest to slowest are A. 1, 2, 3 B. 2, 1, 3 C. 3, 1, 2 D. 3, 2, 1

3 11. Consider the following potential energy diagram for a reversible reaction: 140 PE (kj) Progress of the reaction Which of the following describes the system above? Reaction Activation Energy (kj) ΔH (kj) A. reverse B. reverse C. forward D. forward An activated complex is a chemical species that is A. stable and has low PE. B. stable and has high PE. C. unstable and has low PE. D. unstable and has high PE. 13. Consider the reaction: Ca (s) + 2H 2 O (l) Ca(OH) 2(aq) + H 2(g) At a certain temperature, 2.05 g Ca reacts completely in 30.0 seconds. The rate of consumption of Ca is A mol/min B mol/min C mol/min D mol/min 14. Increasing the temperature of a reaction increases the reaction rate by I. increasing frequency of collision II. increasing the kinetic energy of collision III. decreasing the potential energy of the collision A. I only. B. I and II only. C. II and III only. D. I, II, and III.

4 15. A certain reaction is able to proceed by various mechanisms. Each mechanism has a different Ea and results in a different overall rate. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Ea values and the rates? A. Ea B. Ea Rate Rate C. Ea D. Ea Rate 16. For collisions to be successful, reactants must have Rate A. favourable geometry. B sufficient heat of reaction only. C. sufficient potential energy only. D. sufficient kinetic energy and favourable geometry. 17. Consider the following reaction: 1/2 H 2(g) + 1/2 I 2(g) HI (g) ΔH = +28 kj The activation energy for the formation of HI is 167 kj. The activation energy for the decomposition of HI is A. 28 kj B. 139 kj C. 167 kj D. 195 kj 18. Which of the following factors affects the rate of heterogeneous reactions only? A. nature of the reactant B. temperature C. surface area of reactants D. concentration of reactants 19. A 25.0 ml sample of hydrogen peroxide decomposes producing 50.0 ml of oxygen gas in 137 s. The rate of formation of O 2 in ml/min is A ml/min B ml/min C ml/min D ml/min

5 20. Consider the following reaction mechanism: In this reaction H 2 is a step 1 2NO + H 2 N 2 + H 2 O 2 step 2 H 2 O 2 + H 2 2H 2 O A. product B. catalyst C. reactant D. reaction intermediate 21. Which of the following properties could be used to measure the rate of the following reaction taking place in an open container? Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) A. mass of Zn B. solubility of HCl C. concentration of Cl - D. colour of the solution 22. Consider the following reaction: N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 The rate of formation of NH 3 is 3.0 mole/min. The rate of consumption of H 2 is: A. 1.5 mole/min B. 2.0 mole/min C. 4.5 mole/min D. 9.0 mole/min 23. Consider the following reaction mechanism: Step 1 NO 2 + NO 2 N 2 O 4 Step 2 N 2 O 4 + CO CO 2 + NO + NO 2 In the overall reaction, N 2 O 4 is a A. product B. catalyst C. reactant D. reaction intermediate 24. Consider the following mechanism: Step 1 NO + O 3 NO 2 + O 2 Step 2 O + NO 2 NO + O 2 The catalyst is A. O 2 B. O 3 C. NO D. NO 2

6 25. Consider the following reaction: Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) The rate of this reaction increases when more Mg is added. This change is caused by the A. addition of a catalyst B. increase in surface area C. change in the nature of the reactants D. increase in concentration of reactants 26. Consider the following PE diagram 100 PE (kj) Progress of the reaction The forward reaction can be described as ΔH Ea Type A endothermic B exothermic C exothermic D endothermic 27. Consider the following reaction: HgO (s) Hg (l) + 1/2O 2(g) The rate of this reaction can be expressed as A. rate = [O 2 ] 1/2 B. rate = Δ[O 2 ]/Δt C. rate = Δ[Hg]/Δt D. rate = Δ[HgO]/Δt 28. Which of the following would react most rapidly? A. Powdered Zn in 1.0 M HCl at 25 0 C B. Powdered Zn in 20 M HCl at 40 0 C C. A lump of Zn in 2.0 M HCl at 25 0 C D. A lump of Zn in 1.0 M HCl at 40 0 C

7 29. Addition of a catalyst to a reaction increases the rate because it A. increases the value of ΔH B. decreases the value of ΔH C. provides an alternate mechanism with a lower Ea D. provides an alternate mechanism with a higher Ea 30. When a collision occurs between two reactant species which possess between them the minimum kinetic energy a product does not always form. This may be a result of A. low temperature B. small surface area C. low concentrations D. unfavourable geometry Subjective Section 1. An experiment is done to determine the rate of the following reaction; 2Al (s) + 6HCl (aq) 3H 2(g) + 2AlCl 3(aq) The following data are collected: H 2 Time (s) Mass of Beaker + Contents (g) g Calculate the rate of consumption of Al in moles/min 2. Define the term activation energy. 3. Define the word Activated complex. 4. Define the word mechanism.

8 5. Consider the following reaction mechanism Step 1? Step 2 Step 3 H 2 + Cl HCl + H H + Cl 2 HCl + Cl Step 4 Cl + Cl Cl 2 Overall H 2 + Cl 2 2HCl a) Write the equation for step 1 b) Identify the reaction intermediate(s) 6. Consider the overall reaction: 4HBr + O 2 2H 2 O + 2Br 2 A proposed three-step mechanism is: Step 1 HBr + O 2 HOOBr Step 2? Step 3 HBr + HOBr H 2 O + Br 2 Write the equation for step A student wishes to monitor the rate of the following reaction: CaCO 3(s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl 2(aq) + CO 2(g) + H 2 O (l) Identify two properties that could be used to monitor the rate of the reaction. Describe and explain the changes that would occur. Property 1 Change and explanation Property 2

9 Change and explanation 8. Carbon burns in air according to the following equation: C (s) + O 2(g) CO 2(g) List four ways the rate of the above reaction could be increased. 9. Sketch the potential energy diagram for an endothermic reaction in the space below. On your diagram clearly label: i) the energy of the activated complex ii) the activation energy iii) ΔH PE Progress of the Reaction

10 Chemistry 12 Kinetics Practice Test # 2 Iannone 1. Which of the following units could be used to express the reaction rate? A. ml/s B. ml/g C. g/ml D. ml/mol 2. Consider the reaction: Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) The rate of production of ZnCl 2, can be increased by A. decreasing the [HCl]. B. increasing the temperature C. increasing the volume of H 2. D. decreasing the surface area of Zn. 3. The statement, the minimum energy needed for a successful collision, defines A. enthalpy. B. activation energy. C. the ΔH of the reaction. D. the activated complex. 4. As an activated complex changes to products, A. potential energy changes to kinetic energy. B. kinetic energy changes to potential energy. C kinetic energy changes to activation energy. D. potential energy changes to activation energy. 5. Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest rate at room temperature. A. 2H 2(g) + O 2(g) 2H 2 O (l) B. 2Ag + 2- (aq) + CrO 4 (aq) Ag 2 CrO 4(s) C. Pb (s) + 2HCl (aq) PbCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) D. CH 4(g) + 2O 2(g) CO 2(g) + H 2 O (g) 6 Consider the following PE diagram for an uncatalyzed and catalyzed reaction

11 PE (kj) 35kJ 15kJ 10kJ Progress of the Reaction Which of the following describes the forward catalyzed reaction? Activation Energy (kj) ΔH (kj) A B C D A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without appearing in the equation for the overall reaction is a(an) A. product B. catalyst C. reactant D. intermediate 8. Activation energy can be described as the A. energy of motion B. energy of the activated complex. C. energy difference between the reactants and the products. D. energy difference between the reactants and the activated complex.

12 9. What effect does a catalyst have on a reaction? A. It changes the ΔH of a reaction. B. It increases the kinetic energy of the reactants. C. It decreases the potential energy of the products. D. It provides a reaction mechanism with a lower activation energy. 10. Consider the following reaction involving 1.0 g of powdered zinc: Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) Trial Temperature (0C) Concentration of HCl The rates in order of fastest to slowest are A. 1, 2, 3 B. 2, 1, 3 C. 3, 1, 2 D. 3, 2, Consider the following potential energy diagram for a reversible reaction: 140 PE (kj) Progress of the reaction Which of the following describes the system above? Reaction Activation Energy (kj) ΔH (kj) A. reverse B. reverse C. forward D. forward An activated complex is a chemical species that is

13 A. stable and has low PE. B. stable and has high PE. C. unstable and has low PE. D. unstable and has high PE. 13. Consider the reaction: Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) At a certain temperature, 2.05 g Ca reacts completely in 30.0 seconds. The rate of consumption of Ca is A mol/min B mol/min C mol/min D mol/min 14. Increasing the temperature of a reaction increases the reaction rate by I. increasing frequency of collision II. increasing the kinetic energy of collision III. decreasing the potential energy of the collision A. I only. B. I and II only. C. II and III only. D. I, II, and III. 15. A certain reaction is able to proceed by various mechanisms. Each mechanism has a different Ea and results in a different overall rate. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Ea values and the rates? A. Ea B. Ea Rate Rate C. Ea D. Ea 16. For collisions to be successful, reactants must have A. favourable geometry. Rate B sufficient heat of reaction only. Rate

14 C. sufficient potential energy only. D. sufficient kinetic energy and favourable geometry. 17. Consider the following reaction: 1/2 H 2(g) + 1/2 I 2(g) HI (g) ΔH = +28 kj The activation energy for the formation of HI is 167 kj. The activation energy for the decomposition of HI is A. 28 kj B. 139 kj C. 167 kj D. 195 kj 18. Which of the following factors affects the rate of heterogeneous reactions only? A. nature of the reactant B. temperature C. surface area of reactants D. concentration of reactants 19. A 25.0 ml sample of hydrogen peroxide decomposes producing 50.0 ml of oxygen gas in 137 s. The rate of formation of O 2 in ml/min is A ml/min B ml/min C ml/min D ml/min 20. Consider the following reaction mechanism: In this reaction H 2 is a A. product B. catalyst C. reactant D. reaction intermediate step 1 2NO + H 2 N 2 + H 2 O 2 step 2 H 2 O 2 + H 2 2H 2 O

15 21. Which of the following properties could be used to measure the rate of the following reaction taking place in an open container? Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) ZnCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) A. mass of Zn B. solubility of HCl C. concentration of Cl - D. colour of the solution 22. Consider the following reaction: N 2 + 3H 2 2NH 3 The rate of formation of NH 3 is 3.0 mole/min. The rate of consumption of H 2 is: A. 1.5 mole/min B. 2.0 mole/min C. 4.5 mole/min D. 9.0 mole/min 23. Consider the following reaction mechanism: Step 1 NO 2 + NO 2 N 2 O 4 Step 2 N 2 O 4 + CO CO 2 + NO + NO 2 In the overall reaction, N 2 O 4 is a A. product B. catalyst C. reactant D. reaction intermediate 24. Consider the following mechanism: Step 1 NO + O 3 NO 2 + O 2 Step 2 O + NO 2 NO + O 2 The catalyst is A. O 2 B. O 3 C. NO D. NO 2

16 25. Consider the following reaction: Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) The rate of this reaction increases when more Mg is added. This change is caused by the A. addition of a catalyst B. increase in surface area C. change in the nature of the reactants D. increase in concentration of reactants 26. Consider the following PE diagram 100 PE (kj) Progress of the reaction The forward reaction can be described as DH Ea Type A endothermic B exothermic C exothermic D endothermic 27. Consider the following reaction: HgO (s) Hg (l) + 1/2O 2(g) The rate of this reaction can be expressed as A. rate = [O 2 } 1/2 B. rate = Δ[O 2 ]/Δt C. rate = Δ[Hg]/Δt D. rate = Δ[HgO]/Δt

17 28. Which of the following would react most rapidly? A. Powdered Zn in 1.0 M HCl at 25 0 C B. Powdered Zn in 20 M HCl at 40 0 C C. A lump of Zn in 2.0 M HCl at 25 0 C D. A lump of Zn in 1.0 M HCl at 40 0 C 29. Addition of a catalyst to a reaction increases the rate because it A. increases the value of ΔH B. decreases the value of ΔH C. provides an alternate mechanism with a lower Ea D. provides an alternate mechanism with a higher Ea 30. When a collision occurs between two reactant species which possess between them the minimum kinetic energy a product does not always form. This may be a result of A. low temperature B. small surface area C. low concentrations D. unfavourable geometry Subjective Answers 1. An experiment is done to determine the rate of the following reaction: 2Al (s) + 6HCl (aq) 3H 2(g) + 2AlCl 3(aq) The following data are collected Time (s) Mass of Flask + Contents (g) s g H 2 Calculate the rate of consumption of Al in mol/min. (3 marks) g H 2 x 60 s x 1mole H 2 x 2 mol Al 60.0 s 1 min 2.0 g 3 mol H 2 = mol Al/min

18 2. Define the term activation energy. The minimum energy required for a successful collision. 3. Define the word Activated complex. Unstable reaction intermediate with high potential energy and low kinetic energy. 4. Define the word mechanism. A sequence of steps that determines the overall reaction. 5. Consider the following reaction mechanism Step 1? Step 2 Step 3 H 2 + Cl HCl + H H + Cl 2 HCl + Cl Step 4 Cl + Cl Cl 2 Overall H 2 + Cl 2 2HCl a) Write the equation for step 1 Cl 2 2Cl b) Identify the reaction intermediate(s) Cl H 6. Consider the overall reaction: 4HBr + O 2 2H 2 O + 2Br 2 A proposed three-step mechanism is: Step 1 HBr + O 2 HOOBr Step 2? Step 3 HBr + HOBr H 2 O + Br 2 Write the equation for step 2.

19 2HBr + HOOBr HOBr + H 2 O + Br 2 7. A student wishes to monitor the rate of the following reaction: CaCO 3(s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl 2(aq) + CO 2(g) + H 2 O (l) Identify two properties that could be used to monitor the rate of the reaction. Describe and explain the changes that would occur. Property 1 Change and explanation Property 2 Change and explanation Mass of CaCO 3(s) Decreases, as reactants are converted into products. Concentration of HCl Decreases, as reactants are converted into products. Any two in this list! Concentration of CaCl 2(aq) Increases, as reactants are converted into products. Volume of CO 2 Increases, as reactants are converted into products. Mass of an open beaker Decreases as CO 2 escapes Pressure of a closed system Increases as CO 2 is produced 8. Carbon burns in air according to the following equation: C (s) + O 2(g) CO 2(g) List four ways the rate of the above reaction could be increased.

20 Increase temperature Increase O 2 concentration Increase the pressure Add a catalyst Increase C surface area 9. Sketch the potential energy diagram for an endothermic reaction in the space below. On your diagram clearly label: i) the energy of the activated complex ii) the activation energy iii) ΔH PE Ea H Progress of the Reaction