Electrons in Atoms + KEY
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1 CHAPTER 5 Electrons in Atoms + KEY 1. Orange light has a frequency of s 1. What is the energy of one quantum of orange light? 2. Which is greater, the energy of one photon of orange light or the energy of one quantum of radiation having a wavelength of m? 6. List the sequence in which the following orbitals fill up: 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s, 6s, 7s, 2p, 3p, 4p, 5p, 6p, 7p, 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 4f, 5f. 7. Which element has the ground-state electron configuration [Kr]5s 2 4d 10 5p 4? 3. Use the relationships E h and c to write E in terms of h, c, and. 8. Which element has the ground-state electron configuration [Ar]4s 2 3d 10? 4. A radio station emits radiation at a wavelength of 2.90 m. What is the station s frequency in megahertz? 5. Record the frequency of your favorite radio station. What is the wavelength of the radiation emitted from the station? 9. Write electron-dot structures for the following atoms. a. [Ne]3s 2 3p 3 b. [Ar]4s 2 3d 3 c. potassium 10. Complete the following table. 1
2 Chapter 5 (continued) 11. Complete the orbital diagram for arsenic. 12. Use the figure below to answer the following questions. 13. What is the ground-state electron configuration of each of the following atoms? Use noble-gas notation. a. selenium b. krypton c. chlorine 14. What is the highest energy level (n) that is occupied in the following elements? a. He b. Ca c. Sn a. How many valence electrons does an atom of this element have? b. What is the atom s electron-dot structure? c. If enough energy was added to remove an electron, from which energy level would the electron be removed? Explain your answer. 15. Write the electron configuration for each element described below and identify the element. a. an element that contains 8 electrons b. an element that contains 14 electrons 2
3 Answer Key Chapter 5 1. Orange light has a frequency of s 1. What is the energy of one quantum of orange light? E s 34 photon hν J s J J 2. Which is greater, the energy of one photon of orange light or the energy of one quantum of radiation having a wavelength of m? Calculate the frequency: c, therefore, c ν 8 9 ν m/s m s Calculate the energy of one quantum: E photon =h E photon = J J s s From problem 1, orange light has an energy of J. Therefore, a quantum of radiation with a wavelength of m has more energy than orange light does. 3. Use the relationships E h and c to write E in terms of h, c, and. From c, c. E h hc 4. A radio station emits radiation at a wavelength of 2.90 m. What is the station s frequency In megahertz? c, therefore, c m/s 2.90 m s s s megahertz You can tune in at 103 FM. 5. Record the frequency of your favorite radio station. What is the wavelength of the radiation emitted from the station? Answers will vary. Students should use c, where c m/s, to calculate the wavelength of their favorite radio station. 6. List the sequence in which the following orbitals fill up: 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, 5s, 6s, 7s, 2p, 3p, 4p, 5p, 6p, 7p, 3d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 4f, 5f. The correct order is as follows:1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p 7. Which element has the ground-state electron configuration [Kr]5s 2 4d 10 5p 4? tellurium 8. Which element has the ground-state electron configuration [Ar]4s 2 3d 10? zinc 9. Write electron-dot structures for the following atoms. a. [Ne]3s 2 3p 3 P b. [Ar]4s 2 3d 3 V c. potassium K 3
4 Answer Key (continued) 10. Complete the following table. 11. Complete the orbital diagram for arsenic. 4
5 Answer Key (continued) 12. Use the figure below to answer the following questions. 14. What is the highest energy level (n) that is occupied in the following elements? a. He n 1 b. Ca n 4 c. Sn n 5 a. How many valence electrons does an atom of this element have? 2 b. What is the atom s electron-dot structure? Ca c. If enough energy was added to remove an electron, from which energy level would the electron be removed? Explain your answer. 15. Write the electron configuration for each element described below and identify the element. a. an element that contains 8 electrons 1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 The element is oxygen. b. an element that contains 14 electrons 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 2 The element is silicon. The first electron to leave the atom would be one in the highest energy level, which is the fourth energy level. Electrons in the highest energy level are the least attracted to the nucleus because they are the most distant. 13. What is the ground-state electron configuration of each of the following atoms? Use noble-gas notation. a. selenium [Ar]4s 2 3d 10 4p 4 b. krypton [Kr] or [Ar]4s 2 3d 10 4p 6 c. chlorine [Ne]3s 2 3p 5 5
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