Unit 3 - Motion. 2. Acceleration Calculating Change in Velocity Wksht

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1 Due Name: Unit 3 - Motion Chapter 9 Acceleration DAY OUTLINE KEY TERMS 1 Ch.8 Homework Booklet Due Ch.8 Test Read 9.1 summaries p Assignment:Velocity & Acceleration Wksht Positive,_Negative_and_Zero_Acceleration Notes 1. Change in velocity Assignment: p. 391 # 1,3,8,9 2. Acceleration Calculating Change in Velocity Wksht 3. Deceleration QUIZ 4. Velocity-time graph 9.2 Notes (slides 1-5) 5. Constant Acceleration Assignment: p. 45 # Describing Motion Wksht Notes (slides 6-9) 6. Gravity Assignment: Calculating Acceleration Wksht 7. Acceleration due to Analyzing Velocity-time Graphs Wksht gravity Motion Match Up Wksht 8. Air resistance 5 Acceleration lab (9-2d) p this class 6 Ch.9 Review: Assessment 9.1, 9.2 p #4, 6, 7, 11-14, Physics Unit Wksht 7 Unit 3 Review: p # 4, 8-12, 14, 18-2, 24-26, 29, 31-33, Chapter 9 package due Unit 3 Test (Ch. 8+9)

2 Chapter 9: Acceleration Key Terms Key Term Definition Example/Graphic 1. Change in velocity 2. Acceleration 3. Deceleration 4. VeOocity-time graph 5.Constant Acceleration 6. Gravity 7. Acceleration due to gravity 8. Air resistance

3 Reading Check 2. What is the acceleration of an object travelling at a constant velocity 164 MHR Section 9.1 Describing Acc.leration 28 McGraw-Hill Ryerson limited 28 McGraw-Hit Ryerson limited Section 9.1 DescribIng Acceleration MHR 165 Describing Acceleration Textbook pages Before You Read Are you accelerating if you are slowing down? Explain your answer on the lines below. How do signs Indicate changes in acceleration? Recall that forward motion is defined as positive and backward motion is defined as negative. Different factors can help you decide if an object s acceleration is positive or negative, as shown in the table below:? Create a Quiz After you have read this section, create a fivequestion quiz based on what you have learned. Repeat the quiz until you get all the answers correct. Reading Check 1. Define acceleration. How can you calculate a change In velocity? A change in velocity () occurs when the speed of an object changes, or its direction of motion changes, or both. Changes in velocity can be either positive or negative. To find a change in velocity, subtract the initial velocity (i,) from the final velocity (;). = i)i How do signs indicate changes in velocity? North, east, up, and right are considered positive (+) and south, west, down, and left are negative ( ). If you slow down from 9 m/s forward (positive) to 2 m/s forward (positive), your change in velocity is as follows: 1w = V1 v = +2 m/s -(+9 m/s) = 7 m/s Your change in velocity is 7 m/s opposite the forward motion. Your initial forward direction is positive, so your change in velocity is negative when you slow down. What is acceleration? Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of a moving object changes. A change in velocity can be a change in either speed or direction. Thus, acceleration occurs when the speed of an object changes, or its direction of motion changes, or both. Acceleration is a rate of change. This means it also takes into account how quickly the velocity changes. Factor Velocity Acceleration increase in speed while + (positive) (positive) travelling forward, e.g., accelerating after you have stopped at a stop sign decrease in speed white + (positive) travelling forward, e.g., apply ing the brakes on a bicycle increase In speed while (negative) travelling backward, e.g., a ball falling to earth no change in speed, constant e.g., running at a constant speed (negative) (negative) Note that an object that is slowing down is changing its velocity; therefore, it is accelerating. Acceleration in a direction that is opposite the direction of motion is sometimes called deceleration.

4 when 166 MI-IR Section 91 Describing Acceleration 28 McOraw4titl Ryarson Limited 168 MHR Section 9.1 Describing Acceleration 28 McGrewHdI Ryarson Limited... -, Cloze Norma Dale Activity Name Dale Use with textbook pages Velocity and acceleration Vocabulary constant vetocij positive accetenabon deceleration same direction negafve speed negative acceleration opposite direction velocty posit ye SectIon 9.1 Use with textbook page Positive, negative, and zero acceleration Interpreting 1. In each situation described below, identify whether the object or person has positive acceleration negative acceleration, or zero acceleration. a) an airplane taking off _. b) a person standing still at a bus stop c) a bus braking as it approaches a red light Use the terms in the vocabulary box to fill in the blanks. You may use each term tonlv Once. 1. Since velocity is a it is dependent on the of the object and the direction in which the object is moving. 2. A change in velocity is when an object speeds up. 3. A change in velocity is when an object slows down. 4. An object has._ 5. Acceleration is the rate of change in it is travelling with uniform motion. 6. An object has a when its speed is increasing. 7. An object has a when its speed is decreasing. 8. It an object s acceleration is in the velocity, the object s speed increases. 9. It an object s acceleration is in the._. velocity, the object s speed decreases. 1. Acceleration that is opposite to the direction of motion is called as its as its d) a person sliding down a water slide with constant velocity 2. In each illustrated example shown below, identify whether the object or person has positive acceleration, negative acceleration or zero acceleration. e) t.a t 1s t=2s acceleration velocity c) i=+2omin =+6mis -. t3s t.4s t=ss b) acceleration velocity d) a=-4m1s =-1nVs f) cm 2cm 4cm SOon 8cm 1cm

5 have a continuously * 9.1 Describing Acceleration Student Notes An object travelling with has equal displacements in equal time intervals. An object travelling with non-uniform motion will: have different take different during equal time intervals. to travel equal displacements. Changes in Velocity A change in velocity (A) occurs when the of an object changes, or its changes, or both. A change in can be calculated by: A = If the change in velocity is the object is travelling with Positive Changes in Velocity O If the change in velocity is the (+, -) as the initial ve]locity, the speed of the object is Example: A = = + 9mIs - (+6mIs) = + 3mIs Negative Changes in Velocity If the change in velocity is the (+, -) of the initial velocity, the speed of the object is Example: A = 4i = + 2mIs - (+9mIs) = - 7mIs Acceleration isthe the change in can be due to a change in a change in or both. two objects with the can have > this is because acceleration describes Example: Suppose both of these vehicles, starting from rest, speed up to 6 km/h. They will have the but since the dragster can get to 6 km/h faster than the old car, the -

6 - in Positive Acceleration The is the same as the acceleration velocity p Example#1:A car in the direction. > If we designate the forward direction as (+) then the change in velocity is therefore the acceleration is (+). Negative Acceleration Acceleration that is the direction of motion is sometimes called Example#1: A car in the direction. acceleration velocity.. I > If we designate the forward direction as (+) then the change in velocity is therefore the acceleration is Positive and Negative Acceleration Example#3: A > If we designate the backward direction as velocity is though the car is increasing its speed. =( 4m/s) ( lm/s)= 3m/s *Remember positive (+) and negative (-) refer to directions.* = the direction. then the change in therefore the acceleration is negative (-) even = 4 mis mis g4. - I h Example#4: A in the direction. > If we designate the backward positive (+) even though the car is ( 4 m/s)=+3m/s= v v =( lm/s) Vf lmis negative (-) then the is positive (+), therefore the is its speed. = 4mIs 1 li.

7 Name Date Applying Knowledge :ec ir 91 Use with textbook page 382. Calculating change in velocity 1. Complete the following table by calculating the missing quantities. Positive (+) represents the forward motion. Use the formula A =. In the last column, describe the change in velocity (e.g. object is slowing down, object is speeding up, or object is in uniform motion). iz Description of lsi + 14 rn/s + 5 rn/s object is slowing down +8m/s Orn/s +25m/s +12m/s +2m/s 3m/s 38m/s lom/s 16m/s Om/s 3m/s +22m/s 2. Use the following data table to calculate the change in velocity for each time interval. Suppose motion toward north is positive (+). Time (s) Velocity (mis) a) b) c) d) e) s 1 1 s 2 2s 3 3 s 4 4 s 5 S S S S 5 28 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 9.1 Describing Acceleration MHR 167

8 acceleration) acceleration) object s object s Calculatin2 Acceleration Student Notes Calculating Acceleration: The of an object depends on the the to change the velocity. When stopping a moving object, the relationship between time and acceleration is: the stopping time the acceleration the stopping time the acceleration Velocity-Time Graphs: Velocity vs. Time The motion of an object with is best represented by a graph. The motion of an object with is best represented by a graph : :zzz::: :izi I Time (s) slope rise i:ii:i SOmIs 25m/s 4.Os 2,Os rn/s 2.Os 2 = 13m1s The slope of a velocity-time graph is is measured in Determining Motion from a Velocity-Time Graph:. slope ( object s velocity is in the direction.. slope ( acceleration) velocity is. _slope ( velocity is in the direction or the object s velocity is increasing in the negative direction. Velocity vs. Time //////\ E t2 During which time interval was The acceleration zero? The acceleration negative? The acceleration positive? The object increasing it s velocity north? The object decreasing it s velocity north? The object moving at a constant velocity north? Time (s)

9 -. Calculating Acceleration: a Av - _A = (a)(at) At Example 1: A pooi ball traveling at 2.5 mis, towards the cushion bounces off at 1.5 mis. If the ball was in contact with the cushion for.2 s, what is the ball s acceleration? (Assume towards the cushion is the positive direction.) Example 2: A car accelerates from rest at 3. mjs2 forward for 5. s. What is the velocity of the car at the end of 5. s? Example 3: A train is travelling east at 14 mis. How long would to increase its velocity to 22 mis east, if it accelerated at.5 mis2 east? (assign east direction positive (+)). More Practice: 1. A truck starting from rest accelerates uniformly to 18 mis [WI in 4.5 s. What is the truck s acceleration?

10 2. A toboggan moving 5. mis forward decelerates backwards at -.4 mis2 for 1 s. What is the toboggan s velocity at the end of the 1 s? 3. How much time does it take a car, travelling south at 12 mis, to increase its velocity to 26 mis south if it accelerates at 3.5 mjs2 south? Gravity and Acceleration: i Gravityisa acts between down 4vekKIty zo vekxty j v&ocy dang J: ncteasg ii: is a friction-like force that opposes the motion of objects that move through the air. Ignoring air resistance, all objects will towards the Earth at Calculating Motion Due to Gravity: Example: Suppose a rock falls from the top of a cliff. What is the change in velocity of the rock after it has fallen for 1.5 s? (Assign down as negative (-))

11 More Practice: 1. What is the change in velocity of a brick that falls for 3.5 s? 2. A ball is thrown straight up into the air at 14 mis. How long does it take for the ball to slow down to an upward velocity of 6. mis? 3. A rock is thrown downwards with an initial velocity of 8. mis. What is the velocity of the rock after 1.5 s?

12 Name: Block: Date: Science 1 Ch. 9.2 Describin! Motion Assignment Example 1: The following position time graph shows an object travelling with uniform motion. Posution vs Time I5 5 1 UH Time (s) The slope of the line is 2.5 mis. Since the slope is constant, the corresponding velocity time graph would be a horizontal line drawn at 2.5 mis. Velocity vs Time Li Time(s) Describe the motion of the following velocity-time graphs. Include the direction of travel, whether the object is accelerating or decelerating, and any times where the object stops moving altogether. a. Slopes: -4s: w 1 a,. ;* Velocity vs Time Time (s) 4-6s: 6-8s: 8-lOs:

13 -I 3 (I) 1%) ) ) VeIociti (mis) lorward 1%3 )) fe Co 3 CD t;j 9CiD c --CD VeIoc.ti (mis) forward (mis) Velocitig forward OUlOmocii CD CD ) CD 3 CD 3 Ca CD - ) CD )?c,) CD C 4 CC/D I I I I C C i2 CfJ C d C,.CD Cl, -t

14 Applying Name Date Knowledge Use with textbook pages Calculating accelerotion 1. What is the formula for each of the following quantities? (a) acceleration (b) change in velocity (c) time interval 2. Complete the following table. Use the motion formula to calculate the missing quantities. Show all your work and use the correct units. Change in Time Acceleration Formula Used and Velocity Calculation Shown 14m/s 8s 17.5 rn/s 6 km/h 4 h 2 12 km/h 48 km/h 15s 3.5 rn/s 12m/s 2.5s rn/s 12.5 rn/s 9.6h 5 km/h 2 14 a==- 17.5m/s zt 8 3. Solve each problem using the appropriate motion formula. Show all your work and use the correct units. a) A car moving north goes from 5.56 m/s to 63.9 m/s in 7.5 s. What is the acceleration? b) If a sprinter starts a race and has an acceleration of 2.4 rn/s final velocity, assuming the initial velocity is m/s 2? 2 in 2.5 s, what is his c) A rock accelerates at 9.8 m/s velocity from 4.5 rn/s to 19.4 m/s? 2 when falling. How long does it take to change its 2 in d) A satellite released from a stationary space shuttle accelerates to +68 m/s 25 s. What is its change in velocity? 172 MHR Section 9.2 Calculating Acceleration 28 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

15 Analyzing Name Date Information Use with textbook pages Analyzing velocity-time graphs 1. What is the meaning of each of the following features of a velocity-time graph? (a) the slope of the line (b) a line above the x-axis (C) a line below the x-axis (d) a line with a positive slope (e) a line with a negatüve slope (f) a horizontal section of the graph (g) a point where the line crosses the x-axis Use the following velocity-time graph representing the motion of a ball moving to the right on a table to answer questions 2 and 3..1 a) >1 2 foi2 Time (s) 2. Complete the following table. Describe the slope, acceleration, and velocity of the ball (e.g. positive, negative, or zero). MOTION OF A BALL lime Interval Slope I Acceleration Velocity Os 2s 2s 6s 6s 8s 8s 12s 3. Describe the motion of the ball at each time interval. (a) s 2 s (b) 2 s 6 s (c) 6 s 8 s (d) 8s 12s 28 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited Section 9.2 Calculating Acceleration MHR 173 \

16 DATE: NAME: CLASS: Goal Review your understanding of terms that describe motion. Match each statement on the left with the correct term on the right. Write the term s letter in the appropriate space. You will not need to use every term. 1. motion with no change in speed or direction A. acceleration 2. a physical quantity that has magnitude but no direction B. acceleration due to gravity 3. describes how much an object s position has changed C. air resistance 4. the total length of a journey that an object takes D. average acceleration 5. describes how fast an object is moving, but not its direction E. average velocity 6. difference between initial time and final time F. best-fit line 7. the location of an object as seen by an observer G. change in velocity 8. quantity with both magnitude and direction H. constant 9. friction-like force acceleration 2 I. deceleration mJs J. distance 11. can be a smooth curve or straight line K. gravity 12. allows us to picture or visualize motion L. velocity 13. describes the speed and direction of motion M. uniform 14. occurs when the speed of an object changes, or its direction N. motion diagram of motion changes, or both o. position 15. acceleration that is opposite to the direction of motion P. position-time graph 16. the change in an object s velocity (increase or decrease) in a Q. time given period of time R. time interval 17. rate of change in position for a time interval S. scalar 18. when an event occurs T. speed 1 C 1 U. slope 19. me rise or a grapn over its run V. displacement 2. represented by the slope on a velocity-time graph W. vector X. velocity-time graph Copyright 28, McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited, a subsidiary of the McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. This page may be reproduced for classroom use by the purchaser of this book without the written permission of the publisher.

17 change Assessment I tlon 9.2 Assessment Narrer Date Name SectIon 91 4, Date Use with textbook pat/es Describing acceleration Match the Term on the left with the best Descriptor on the rlght.each Descriptor may be used only once. Term.... Descriptor 1 acceleration A. rate at wttich an object 2 deceleration changes its velocity 3. constant velocity B. an object travelling 4... in with uniform motion in velocity a straight line C, acceleration in a directkxt that is oppo site to the direction of motion. change that occurs when the speed of an object changes, or its direction of motion changes. or both Circle the letter of the best answer. 5. The tortoise moved slowly and steadily. The hare ran quickly, then fell asleep near the finish line. Identity the following luantities as scalar or vector. respectively: the average velocity of the tortoise during tile entire race, the acceleration of the hare during the first 2 minutes of the race and the lime it takes for the tortoise and tile hate to finish the race. A. vector, vector. scalar B. scalar, scalar, vector C. vector. scalar, vector. scalar, vector. scalar 6. If the acceleration of an object is in the opposite direction as the velocity, which of the following happens? A. the object speeds up 8. the object slows down C. the object remains at rest U. nothing happens to the object 7. Suppose an object moving forward changes its velocity front 15 tn/s to 6 m/s.what is (he change in velocity? A. 21 Ill/S B. c m/s 8 11/5 D. 21 in/s 8. Which of the following have an acceleration in the same direction as the object s motion? I. =3.5m/sjeast; t7.5rn/sfeastj I. = 45 en/h [north]; i= 6(1 km/h [north] Ill. =15m/s[right]:ti.= tmlseft] A.. I and II only B. I and Ill only C. II and 1.11 only. 1. Ii, and Ill 9. Which of the following are true about acceleration? I. When an objects speed is constant, the object has zero acceleration. It. When an objects speed is increasing. the object has a positive acceleration. Ill. When an objects speed is decreasing, the object has a negative acceleration. A. I and II only B. I and ill only C. 11 and Ill only. I. It. and 111 Use with textbook pages Calculating acceiration Match the DescrIptor ott the left with the best VelocIty-TIme Graph on the right. The Velocity- Time Graphs represent the motion of a car head Ing north. Each Velocity-Time Graph may be used only once. Descriptor Velocity-Time Graph 1.. Thecaris.. A.f stcxped Thecaris accelerating. 3..._._Ttiecarin slowing down B 4. Thscarki travelling at constant velocity. C. D. C.,if a Tk,e Tee (, 5. Acceleration is represented by the slope of a A. velocity time graph B. position-time graph C. distance-time graph D. acceleration-time graph 6. A meteor goes from 1. km/s to +2.2 km/s in.4 s. What is its acceleration? A..3 km/s 2 B. 3() km/s 2 C. 55 kin/s 2 U. 8 km/s 2 Use the following velocity-time graph to answer question 7. A Time (5) 7. Which line represents an object with the greatest. acceleration? A. A B. B C. C D.D Use the. following velocity-time graph to answer question Time (s) 8. What is the object s acceleration between the time interval 2 s arid 4 s? A. +1 mis 2 B. +11) tn/s 2 C. +21) rn/s 2 D. +4 rn/s 2 (328 McGraw HW Ryerson Umiten Section 9.1 Describing Acceleration MUR 169 MHR Section 9.2 Calculating Acceleration (328 MoGraw4lit Ryerson Limited

18 Physics Unit sooçn-j\o CL UcX 1. (a) A car moves east along a highway at 9. km/h for I h and 15 mm. What is the car s displacement? (b) How long will it take for a person walking at 3.8 rn/s north to move 125 m? 2. A car starts from rest and accelerates at a steady rate, reaching a final velocity of 24. rn/s in 12s. (a) Calculate the acceleration of the car. (b) Calculate the average velocity of the car. (c) What is the total displacement of the car? 3. A single-engine airplane leaves an airport and flies to another airport 85 km north. It takes 4. h to complete the flight. What is the velocity of the airplane? 4. A truck travels from City A due west to City B, a distance of 21 km. The total time for the trip is two hours and fifteen minutes. What is the average velocity of the truck? 5. A bus travels from City X due east toward City Y. If the bus travels at an average velocity of 9 km/h je], what will be the displacement of the bus 4.5 h later?

19 5 m in just 5.56 s. What was Bailey s average velocity? 7. Donovan Bailey set the world indoor track record in 1996 by running forward down) reach a velocity of 25 m/s downward? (Hint: acceleration due to gravity is 9.8m/s A rock falls from the top of a high cliff. How long would it take this rock to accelerator. The car slows down from 9 km/h[sj to 5 km/h[sj in 8. s. What is the acceleration of the car? 1. As you approach a town while you are driving, you take your foot off the i i i Tinlie.L(s)...i U tu 3 : Position vs. Time 2-3 s: 1-2 s: -los: Describe, using words, the motion of the elevator during the 3 s time interval. 9. The motion of an elevator is represented by the position-time graph below. rn/s. How much time does it take for this boat to cross the lake? 8. A boat travels across a 45 m lake with an average forward velocity of 5. a distance of 5. km? 6. How many seconds will it take a speedboat travelling at 7. km/h[s] to cover

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