Type of Tires : Impact on Pavements
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1 Direction du Laboratoire des chaussées Type of Tires : Impact on Pavements Rencontre interprovinciale - Charges et dimensions des véhicules 3 Décembre 2003 Fritz Prophète, ing. DLC 1
2 Presentation outline Scope Testing Program Model (Validation) Failure criterion ESAL for different tires Load limits : Regulation Conclusions Further works recommanded 2
3 Scope Provide technical informations concerning pavement response with different type of tires. Propose an adaptation to the regulation concerning axial loading. 3
4 Experimental Program SERUL Type of Tires : Impact on Pavements Transp ort s Strutural pavement analysis 2 testing périod Spring: Mai 2002 Summer: July types of tires tested FWD testing Spring: Mai 2002 Summer: July 2002 Pavement response Modeling Pavement response with different load Calculated pavement response Report of experimental study Comparaison with experimental datas Load limits Adapation to road network 4
5 Pavement Structure 100 mm Béton bitumineux 200 mm MG 20 Bituminous layer Granular Base mm 300 mm 300 m 480 mm MG 112 Granular Sub-Base 600 m 780 mm Temperature probe 900 m 1200 m 1500 m Silt (fine sand) 1370 mm Till silteux 1800 m 2150 mm 2100 m 450 mm Bois 2400 m 2600 mm 2700 m 270 mm Silt sableux 2870 mm 5
6 Multi-depth Deflectometer #4 300 mm #3 800 mm # mm # mm 6
7 Vertical strain cell BÉTON Concrete Pavement Chaus sˇe Epoxy/granular cell optical fibres Concrete base 7
8 Tire tested 11R /65R R /55R22.5 8
9 Truck used for testing 9
10 Benkelman beam test 10
11 Temperature distribution in pavement (spring( spring) Température ( C) Profondeur Depth (m) FROZEN LAYER mai 2002 à 15h45 7 mai 2002 à 8h
12 Temperature distribution in pavement (summer( summer) 500 Température ( C) Profondeur (mm) Depth (m) juillet 9h35 10 juillet 8h00 12 juillet 9h15 12 juillet 16h30 15 juillet 9h00 16 juillet 13h45 12
13 Experimental Program SERUL Type of Tires : Impact on Pavements Transp ort s Strutural pavement analysis 2 testing périod Spring: Mai 2002 Summer: July types of tires tested FWD testing Spring: Mai 2002 Summer: July 2002 Pavement response Modeling Pavement response with different load Calculated pavement response Report of experimental study Comparaison with experimental datas Load limits Adapation to road network 13
14 FWD deflection Loading system Hydraulic system Plate geophone Bar Deflection (µm) 14
15 Asphalt Modulus (MPa) vs Temperature ( C) Modulus, E (MPa) R 2 = 0, Temperature ( o C) 15
16 Pavement response Modeling distance (mm) Déflexion (µm) Module Boussinesq de Boussinesq Modulus moyen (MPa) Printemps SPRING SUMMER distance (mm) 16
17 Loaded pavement response є t Base Sub base Subgrade Issue : Calculated the tension strain (є t ) at the bottom of the bituminous layer 17
18 Loaded pavement response є t Fondation et sous-fondation Infrastructure Issue : Calculated the tension strain (є t ) at the bottom of the bituminous layer 22
19 WIDE BASE TIRE DUAL TIRES 23
20 Comparaison of calculated deflection vs mesured Calculed Mesured 24
21 Fatigue Failure criterion N t = 10 6 (ε t / K) -a ; K = 240 et a = 3.29 (Asphalte Institue) 25
22 Rutting in subgrade or base N o =1.077 х (ε v ) (Chevron) Failure criterion 26
23 Flow rutting log(ε p / ε r ) = log(n o ) log(t) (AASHTO 2002) Failure criterion 27
24 ESAL Ratio between the pavement dammage cause by a specific load and a reference load. ESALt = Nr / Nt Normalized ESAL with reference temperature ESALt = FCD ECAStr 28
25 Fatigue Summer dammage correction factor FCD Spring 29
26 Spring Transp ort s (ESAL) (ESAL) Summer 455/55R R R /55R /65R R R /65R22.5 ESAL (fatigue) LOAD (1/2 AXLE) kg 30
27 Summer ESAL (flow rutting) mesured (ESAL) 12R /65R R /55R22.5 LOAD (1/2 AXLE) kg 31
28 Combine «ESAL» Combine effect of two types of failure Fatigue and flow rutting Spring Summer Fatigue and Rutting in subgrade or base Spring Summer 32
29 Combine «ESAL» (Fatigue and flow rutting ) Fe = ESAL / tire type X ESAL 11R22.5 (ESAL) 455/55R22.5 = 2.20 ESAL 12R ESAL 385/65R22.5 = 2.30 ESAL 11R22.5 = 1.40 ESAL LOAD (1/2 AXLE) kg 33
30 Load limits Single kg Tandem 1.6 * kg Tridem 2.13 * kg 34
31 Exemple - Single axial Load limits (Summer) Pneu 11R22.5 P limite = kg (Fe( Fe=1.00) Pneu 12 R22.5 P limite = kg (Fe( Fe=1.00) Pneu 385/65R22.5 P limite = kg (Fe( Fe=1.80) Pneu 455/55R22.5 P limite = kg (Fe( Fe=1.80) 35
32 Exemple - Single axial Load limits (Spring) Pneu 11R22.5 P limite = kg (Fe( Fe=1.00) Pneu 12 R22.5 P limite = kg (Fe( Fe=1.00) Pneu 385/65R22.5 P limite = kg (Fe( Fe=1.80) Pneu 455/55R22.5 P limite = kg (Fe( Fe=1.80) 36
33 Conclusion With the same load, Wide-base tire cause more pavement dammage than a standard dual tires Fatigue of bituminous layer is the critical «failure criterion» The axle load limit must be reduce by 16% for a wide-base tire 37
34 Further works Perform a road network analysis; Evaluation of Fe factor for differents types of roads. Révision of the load limits regulation according to the benefits for the transportation industry 38
35 Further works Complete a data analysis from SERUL experimental study to learn more about the "tire-pavement" interface impact 39
36 Ministère des Transports 40
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