by Beatrix C. Hiesmayr, University of Vienna Seminar organized within the project:

Transcription

1 by Bearix C. Hiesmayr, Universiy of Vienna Seminar organized wihin he projec: "Hun for he "impossible aoms": he ques for a iny violaion of he Pauli Exclusion Principle. Implicaions for physics, cosmology and philosophy," ID 58158, funded by he John Templeon Foundaion Projecs FWF-P21947N16 and FWF-P23627

2 Ouline Physics Paricle Physics Quanum Theory Tesing Foundaional Issues of QM in High Energy Physics Today: by looking a exensions/deviaions from he quanum heory how o come o experimenal ess?

3 Pauli Exclusion Principle Surprisingly here are only wo possibiliies for spins wih very disinc behaviour: 1. Half ineger spin 2. Ineger spin The more surprising: even for composie sysems ha seems o be sric

4 Pauli Exclusion Principle Wha is he inuiive picure behind i???

5 The VIP experimen LNGS underground laboraory looks for 2p o 1s ransiions in copper, a sign for a violaion of he Pauli exclusion principle. Approach: looking for exensions of he quanum heory, providing a framework ha allows o develop experimenal ess Pichler e al. arxiv: Curceanu e al. Foundaions of Physics (2015)

6 Quanum Theory Quanum heory is very successful (=all experimens are in agreemen) in he microscopic regime: Schrödinger equaion: Hamilonian d d i [ H, ] linear differenial equaion deerminisic reversible superposiion many paricles are included by ensorising he one paricle Hilberspacessymmerisaion

7 The measuremen problem Why do we see no (posiion) superposiion for macroscopic objecs? In paricular: when and how does Pauli exclusions principle (=paricles canno be in he same sae) ge los, when performing a limi o he `classical world Wha is he role of observaion?

8 Relaion Quanum and Classical Dynamics -> end o agree ha classical dynamics should be kind of limi of quanum dynamics Why do we see no (posiion) superposiion for macroscopic objecs? is a he hear of he measuremen problem o say somehing abou he quanum sysem we have o bring i in conac wih an macroscopic sysem (measuremen apparaus)

9 Micro/Macro? When do we call a sysem microscopic or macroscopic? Kopenhagner Inerpreaion: does use he concep, bu does no define i! SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION: linear, deerminisic, reversible WAVE PACKET REDUCTION (measuremen): nonlinear, sochasic, irreversible Is here some universal heory describing boh regimes? Is here a border beween a quanum and classical world? And if, where is i?

10 General properies of such heories Nonlinear (allowing breakdown of superposiions during measuremen) Sochasic (negligible for micro such ha Schrödinger evoluion deerminisic; mus explain why evens are randomly and disribued o he Born probabiliy rule; is need oherwise we could have faser-han-ligh communicaion) Non uniary evoluion (o allow processes from micro o macro [amplificaion mechanism]) Should NOT allow for superluminal signaling since we wan he causal srucure of space-ime

11 Why do we see no macroscopic superposiions? One soluion (exisence nonrivial!): COLLAPSE MODELS (Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber,1986) posulae a mechanism of collapse (dynamical process) universal heory microscopic macroscopic mesoscopic new behaviour Experimens

12 Guiding Principles preferred basis on which reducions (sponaneous localizaion) akes place for each paricle a mean localizaion/collapse rae l an amplificaion mechanism from micro o macro ime inerval beween wo successive localisaion processes is governed by he Schrödinger equaion coherence lengh r C

13 Collapse model Nonlinear sochasic differenial equaion: N i i i N i i i i d A A dw A A ihd d l l 1 2 1, ] ) ( 2 ) ( [ Schrödinger equaion Generaors of collapse Wiener process srengh of collapse

14 Collapse model Nonlinear sochasic differenial equaion: d Experimen: [ ihd l Observable N i1 ( A i A i ) dw l N 2 i, ( Ai Ai ) d] 2 i1 Tr ) ( Sochasic average 2 d dw i, dw d i, dw j, s, ( s) ds i, j

15 Mos advanced collapse model Effecive Schrödinger equaion: dw d i, dw j, s, ( s) ds i, j CSL coninuous sponaneous localizaion (1990 Ghiradi, Pearle and Rimini, mass dependence Pearle and Squires, 1994)

16 CSL collapse model we have well-defined model wih wo new fundamenal consans of Naure (if we ake i seriously) Can sar o hink abou experimens!!

17 Crash course on neural kaons (K-mesons): Srangeness: S K K 0 0 S K 0 0 K Mass-eigensaes: K S, K L K K K S L A kaon is a kind of double sli Kaon in ime: shor-lived sae long-lived sae Bramon, Garbarino, H., PRA (2004) S im L 2 S im 2 L S K () e K e K L Feynman diagram S s...decay widh of KS 1/ decay widh of K L S m m m mass difference L S S L

18 Connecing flavor wih spaial space Effecive Schrödinger equaion: coherence lengh r C

19 CSL collapse models for mesons Correlaion funcions: Heaviside funcion Which value o choose? ime symmeric choice

20 CSL collapse models for mesons Mass-eigensae evoluion: [unpublished]

21 CSL collapse models for mesons Mass-eigensae evoluion: Flavor evoluion: [unpublished] disenangles effec on inerference and decay!!! Can be compared wih experimens: M. Bahrami, S. Donaldi, L. Ferialdi, A. Bassi, C. Curceanu, A. Di Domenico and B. C. Hiesmayr Naure: Scienific Repors 3, 1952 (2013) Sandro Donadi, Angelo Bassi, Caalina Curceanu, Anonio Di Domenico and Bearix C. Hiesmayr Foundaions of Physics: Volume 43, Issue 7 (2013)

22 CSL collapse models for mesons Flavor evoluion: disenangles effec on inerference and decay!!! COLLAPSE MODELS can dynamically generae decay! [unpublished]

23 Summary Oulook: The physics of he noise field can be/has o be invesigaed Rules he dynamic & in paricular can generaed he decay propery The measuremen process has o be included! Wha does he saisics (PEP) imply?

24 Thank you for Your aenion!