Labor Share in the Change of Japanese Industrial Structure

Transcription

1 Prepared or the 6 th INFORUM Word Conerence hed at European Unersty o eke n North Cyprus, August 3-September 7, 28 abor Share n the Change o Japanese Industra Structure Toshak Hasegaa Proessor o Internatona Economcs Facuty o Economcs Chuo Unersty, JAPAN Hgashnakano 742-, Hacho, Tokyo, Japan te: or 3424 a: e-ma: nomac@tamacc.chuo-u.ac.p; thasega@b.mbn.or.p UR:

2 ABOR SHARE IN THE CHANGE OF JAPANESE INDUSTRIA STRUCTURE Toshak Hasegaa CHUO UNIVERSIT, JAPAN ABSTRACT The nestgaton by E. Detzenbacher et a. (24 has shon the decne o the U.S. abor share or a term o n spte o the rse o abor productty. Ths controersa obseraton must be nqured to be ad or the other economy or not, and t shoud be epaned or those dynamc causes o change. Ths research adopted the etended mutpcate structura decomposton anayss (SDA by Detzenbacher (2 and 24 to anayze the abor share n the change o Japanese ndustra structure at 66-ndustry ee. In ths approach, the abor compensaton s share n the aue-added s decomposed nto e parts o Fsher-type ndees as oos;. Changes n the rea compensaton per hour orked, 2. Changes n the aue-added per hour orked, 3. Changes n the abor nput coecent as the structura change n technoogy, 4. Changes n the ntermedate nput coecent, 5. Changes n the na demands. The ast to parts are knon as the typca terms common to SDAs. The rst to parts reect the sht eects and the other three parts reect the share eects. These to knds o eects are smar to Sutsky s equaton deeoped n anayzng the eects o prce change to derentate to parts o the ncome eect and the substtuton eect. Ths anayss adopts the database o JIDEA mode erson 7 constructed or the nter-ndustry based dynamc macroeconomc mode o Japanese economy. The data n anayss as dded nto to perods o tme; the perod o and the perod Decomposton approach connected th aue added sde The smpest epanaton o the structura decomposton approach to the economc change s shon n the oong scheme. The acheement o the economc actty, s bascay epressed n terms o the product o prce and quantty; p q. + Δ + ( pq + p ( q q + ( p p q + ( q q ( p p Ths epresson s ustrated n Fgure, usng the areas o A, B, C, and D. 2 p q

3 + ( A + B + C + D. A p C D p A B q q Fgure Content o Acheement n Economc Actty In ths anayss o decomposton o abor share, e used the data n nomna terms. Such treatment makes us possbe to denty the nuences caused by the prce change, the quantty change and the change o both. When e argue about the abor share n ther economc actty, e hae to concentrate nto such a arabe o abor as the actty noed n the domestc producton, ecudng the oregn made products. We hae to separate the part o the orgna ntermedate demand n the competng nput-output tabe nto to parts,.e., the ntermedate demand or the domestcay produced goods and the ntermedate demand or the mported products. In order to make the Japanese non-competng nput-output tabe n a rameork o JIDEA mode consstng o 66 ndustry casscaton, I ntroduced the denton o the domestcaton. The domestcaton s dened n to ays; ρ q q +V q ρ. q + m, and The ormer denton as adopted n hs anayss by Fukaa (999. The atter denton as used by Jackson (998, ahr (2, and Detzenbacher (24. In ths paper, I adopted the ormer denton. The abor empoyed hch e oud ke to ocus on, s ony noed nto the part o the 3

4 ntermedate demand or the domestcated products, not noed nto the mported products made n oregn countres subtracted rom the tota output producton. The mport (mp s assumed as a constant porton o ntermedate demand pus domestc na demand. We ca ths constant porton as the mport coecent (mpc or each -th ndustry. mpc mp / ( totnt + ddtot, or mpc A m / ( Aq + d epressed n ector and matr, here mp denotes the mport, totnt or the tota ntermedate demand, and ddtot (or d or the domestc na demand n the suppyng -th ndustry n the notaton o JIDEA mode. The domestc na demand tota (ddtot conssts o the sum o cob + coh + cog + ng + pr + en d ep ad n JIDEA notaton. In the non-competng mport type o nput-output tabe, e can ormuate the suppy and demand dentty o the domestc goods and the mported goods separatey. q A d q + d m A m q + d Dened the rato o domestcaton as the ormua, ρ q +V q, the rato o the mport n the aue-added crteron s cacuated as oos; τ m [,...,] A m ( I A d ςa m ( I A d. The ee o mport share and domestcaton n the ndustry are ustrated n the oong Tabe. Prepared the mport coecent n the orgna competng nput output tabe dened as the rato o the mport to the sum o the tota ntermedate demand and the domestc na demand, e coud obtan the domestcated nput output tabe. We use ths domestcated nput output tabe to cacuate the decomposed causes n the change o abor share reated to the ndustra structure change and groth. 4

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6 The equatons and the arabes or the ndustry n ths anayss are a smar to the Detzenbacher, et. a. (24; aue added abor compensaton abor nput n terms o hour orked / abor productty / age per abor orked / abor orked per tota output / abor share; age n aue added here,, and. /, /, and / be cacuated as an aggregated aues. e, here e (,...,. The abor productty as a hoe economy s epressed as oos; e s.. The na task n ths research s to decompose the abor share n the aue added nto the possbe causes. / /, here shos the age per tota ncome; s. ^ denotes the dagona matr., here AA A I ( d mpes the nput coecent ecudng mport, and shos eonte Inerse. ( A I We can cacuate the abor share o the nput-output based output n the oong equatons n the decomposton approach as descrbed by Detzenbacher, et. a. 6

7 , and. In the oong Fgure 2, 3, and 4, e prepared the hstorca gures o the reated arabes n Japan. Hoeer, the decomposton approach ustrates the structure at the specc pont o tme. Fgure 2 Output, Vaue-added and Wage n Japan 日本の生産 付加価値 および賃金 2, 4, 6, 8,,,,2, Bon JP tota ages tota aue-added tota output The change n abor share as a hoe economy does not correspond to the uctuaton n the output as a hoe economy. It s necessary to nter-echange the sets o arabes hch are measured at tme( and tme(. The resuts o the compete compaton be gen shorty. 7

8 Fgure 3 Japanese abor share 日本の労働分配率 tota prd (empoyment/outr oera unt age to empoyment oera abor share: abor productty *(/ Fgure 4 Change n abor Compensaton 労働所得の変化 tota prd (empoyment/outr oera unt age to empoyment oera abor share: abor productty *(/

9 Reerence Erk Detzenbacher, Mchae. ahr and Bart os,(24, The decne n abor compensaton s share o GDP: a structura decomposton anayss or the Unted States, 982 to 997, n E. Detzenbacher, M.. ahr (eds., Wassy eonte and Input-Output Economcs, Cambrdge Unersty Press. Erk Detzenbacher, and Bart os,(2, Structura Decomposton Anayses th Dependent Determnants, Economc Systems Research, Vo. 2, No. 4, 2, PP E. Detzenbacher (2, abor productty n Western Europe : an ntercountry, Interndustry comparson, Journa o Regona Scence, 4, pp K. Fukaa (999, Input Output Anayss: Foundatons and Etensons, Sohbunsha,