Finite Difference Method
|
|
- Isabella Hensley
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 7/0/07 Instructor r. Ramond Rump (9) EE 337 Computatonal Electromagnetcs (CEM) Lecture #0 Fnte erence Method Lecture 0 These notes ma contan coprghted materal obtaned under ar use rules. strbuton o these materals s strctl prohbted Slde Outlne Fnte erence Appromatons Fnte erence Method Numercal Boundar Condtons Matr Operators Lecture 0 Slde
2 7/0/07 Fnte erence Appromatons Lecture 0 Slde 3 The Basc Fnte erence Appromaton d d. second order accurate rst order dervatve d d Ths s the onl nte derence appromaton we wll use n ths course! Lecture 0 Slde 4
3 7/0/07 Tpes o Fnte erence Appromatons Backward Fnte erence d d Central Fnte erence d d. Forward Fnte erence d d Lecture 0 Slde The Generalzed Fnte erence n d d n a In act, an lnear operaton on the uncton can be appromated as a lnear sum o known ponts o that uncton. L a The dervatve o an order o a uncton at an poston can be appromated as a lnear sum o known ponts o that uncton. Lecture 0 Slde 6 3
4 7/0/07 Fnte erence Atoms An nte derence appromaton can be summarzed graphcall as an atom. d d d d, j 4, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j, j Lecture 0 Slde 7 Fnte erence Method Lecture 0 Slde 8 4
5 7/0/07 Overvew o Our FM. Ident and wrte the governng equaton(s). a b c g. Wrte the matr orm o ths equaton gong term b term. a b c g A B C g 3. Put matr equaton n the standard orm o [L][] = [g]. L g L A B C 4. Solve [L][] = [g]. L g where L = A*X + *B*X + C; Lecture 0 Slde 9 What s the Catch? LA B C How do we construct these matrces? What do the mean? A B C Lecture 0 Slde 0
6 7/0/07 Functons Vs. Operatons ( o ) a b g c Operatons Everthng else n a derental equaton s somethng that operates on a uncton. a, b, c pont-b-pont multplcaton on, calculates dervatves o scales entre Functons The onl tme unctons appear n a derental equaton s as the unknown or as the ectaton. g unknown ectaton Lecture 0 Slde Functons Vs. Operatons ( o ) A B C g Operatons Operatons are alwas stored n square matrces. An lnear operaton can be put nto matr orm. L l l l l l l l l l M M M M MM Functons Functons are stored as column vectors. g g g g M M Lecture 0 Slde 6
7 7/0/07 Interpretaton o Matrces aa a3 z b aa a3z b a3a3 a33z b3 EQUATION FOR a a a3 b a a a b 3 a3 a3 a 33 z b 3 RELATION TO Equaton or Equaton or Equaton or z a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a From a purel mathematcal perspectve, ths nterpretaton does not make sense. Ths nterpretaton wll be hghl useul and nsghtul because o how we derve the equatons. Lecture 0 Slde 3 Representng Functons on a Grd Eample phscal (contnuous) uncton A grd s constructed b dvdng space nto dscrete cells Functon s known onl at dscrete ponts Representaton o what s actuall stored n memor Lecture 0 Slde 4 7
8 7/0/07 Grd Cells Whole Grd A Sngle Grd Cell A uncton value s assgned to a specc pont wthn the grd cell., grd resoluton parameters Lecture 0 Slde Functons are Put Into Column Vectors Sstems Sstems Lecture 0 Slde 6 8
9 7/0/07 Puttng Functons nto Column Vectors MATLAB reshape command = F(:); F = reshape(,n,n); Lecture 0 Slde 7 Locatng Nodes n Column Vectors Grds Node located at n m = n Grds Node located at n,n m = (n )*N + n 3 Grds Node located at n,n,nz m = (nz )*N*N + (n )*N + n Lecture 0 Slde 8 9
10 7/0/07 The Fnte erence Method Conventonal FM k Tedous, but not dcult. erental Equaton to Solve d a g d k a k k g k Ver dcult and tedous. L g Eas. L g Most tme consumng step. Almost eortless. a g Eas. Ver eas and clean L g L a Improved FM Lecture 0 Slde 9 Conventonal FM ( o 3) Step We start wth a derental equaton that we wsh to solve. d d a b c d d Step We appromate the dervatves wth nte derences. k k k k k a k b k k c k IMPORTANT RULE: Ever term n a nte derence equaton must est at the same pont. Step 3 The equaton s epanded and we collect common terms Lecture 0 Slde 0 a k a k k k k k k b k k c k a k a k k bk k k c k 0
11 7/0/07 Conventonal FM ( o 3) Step 4 The nal equaton s used to populate a matr equaton. k a a k k bk k k k c Fllng n the matr lke ths can be a ver dcult and tedous task or more complcated derental equatons or or sstems o derental equatons. c c 3 c 3 4 c 4 c N cn N cn Lecture 0 Slde Conventonal FM (3 o 3) Step The matr equaton s solved or the unknown uncton () L c L c L c L c Lecture 0 Slde
12 7/0/07 Improved FM We want a ver eas wa to mmedatel wrte derental equatons n matr orm. Startng wth the same derental equaton a b c We wll develop a procedure b whch ths wll be drectl wrtten n matr orm wthout havng to eplctl handle an nte derences. a b c, A,, and B are square matrces that perorm lnear operatons on the vector. A B =c Lecture 0 Slde 3 A B =c LL L c Locatng Nodes n Matrces m or n = n m or n = (n )*N + n 3 m or n = (nz )*N*N + (n )*N + n Column n Relaton to node (n,n,nz) Row m Equaton or node (n,n,nz) Lecture 0 Slde 4
13 7/0/07 Numercal Boundar Condtons Lecture 0 Slde The Problem at the Boundares Suppose t s desred to solve the ollowng derental equaton on a 33 grd.,, g,, j, j, j, j, j, j g, j 0, 0, 0,3,0,0 3,0,4,4 3,4 The terms n red est outsde o the grd. How ths s handled s called a boundar condton. 4, 4, 4,3 3,,,,, 4, 3,, 3, 3,,,,, 0,,0,0 3,0,, 0,,3,, 4, 0,3,4,4 4,3 3,4 3,,,,3,, 3,, 3,3 3, 3,,3,3,3, 3,3,3,3,3, 3,3,3 3,3 3, g, g g g, 3,, g g g, 3,,3 g g,3 3,3 Lecture 0 Slde 6 3
14 7/0/07 rchlet Boundar Condtons ( o ) The smplest boundar condton s to assume that all values o (,) outsde o the grd are zero. 0, 0, 0,3,0,0 3,0,4,4 3,4 4, 4, 4,3,, 0,, 0 g 3,,,,, 0 g 03,, 3, 3, 0 g 0,,,3,, 0 3,,,,3,, 3,, 3,3 3, 3, g 3, ,3,3,3, 3,3,3,3,3, 3,3,3 3,3 3,, g, 3,, g g,,3 g g,3 3,3 Lecture 0 Slde 7 rchlet Boundar Condtons ( o ) rchlet boundar condtons assume uncton values rom outsde o the grd are zero.,, 0 N, 0 N,,, 0, N 0, N,,, 0 N, 0 N, N,,,, 0, N 0,, N N Lecture 0 Slde 8 4
15 7/0/07 Perodc Boundar Condtons ( o ) I the uncton (,) s perodc, then the values rom outsde o the grd can be mapped to a value rom nsde the grd at the other sde.,,, and 0, j 3, j 4, j, j,0,3,4, 0, 0, 0,3,0,0 3,0,4,4 3,4 4, 4, 4,3 3,,,,,, 3,, 3, 3,,,,, 3,,3,3 3,3,, 3,,3,,, 3,3,,,3 3, 3,,,,3,, 3,, 3,3 3, 3,,3,3,3, 3,3,3,3,3, 3,3,3 3,3 3, g, g g g, 3,, g g g, 3,,3 g g,3 3,3 Lecture 0 Slde 9 Perodc Boundar Condtons ( o ) Perodc boundar condtons assume uncton values rom outsde o the grd can be taken rom the opposte sde o the grd.,, N, N,,, N,,, N, N,, N,,, N, N,,,, N N,,,, N, N,,, N N Lecture 0 Slde 30
16 7/0/07 Neumann Boundar Condtons We use Neumann boundar condtons or non perodc unctons or unctons that are not zero at the boundar. Here the uncton contnues lnearl outsde o the grd. Spatall varant gratng that s not perodc and not zero at the boundares. Here s a uncton wth Neumann boundares Lecture 0 Slde 3 Neumann BC s or Functon The nte derence appromaton or a uncton s d d At =, we have a problem d d 0 Ths term doesn t est! d d At =N, we have another problem d N N d N Ths term doesn t est! N N Lecture 0 Slde 3 d d N 6
17 7/0/07 What About the nd Order ervatves or the Neumann Boundar Condton? In order or the uncton to contnue n a straght lne, the second order dervate should be set to zero at the boundar. IMPORTANT: Ths s NOT rchlet boundar condtons. A rchlet BC sets the uncton tsel to zero outsde o the grd, not the dervatve. Here, the nd order dervatve s set to zero. d d d 0 0 d d d N N N 0 N d N d Lecture 0 Slde 33 Neumann Boundar Condtons or Functons Neumann boundar condtons are used when a uncton should be contnuous at the boundar. That s, the rst order dervatve s contnuous and the second order dervatve s zero.,,, N, N, N,,,,, N,, N N, N,,, N Lecture 0 Slde 34 7
18 7/0/07 Matr Operators Lecture 0 Slde 3 Orgn o Matr Operators We start wth a governng equaton. We appromate the governng equaton wth nte derences and then wrte the ntederence equaton at each pont the grd. d d, g,,, 0 g, 3,, g 0 3, g,,, 0 g, 3,, g 0 3, g,,3,3 0 g,3 3,3,3 g 0 3,3 g,3,, 3,,, 3,,3,3 3,3 We collect the large set o equatons nto a sngle matr equaton , g, , g, , g 3, , g, , g, , g3, ,3 g, ,3 g, ,3 g 3,3 We construct a grd to store the unctons. Ths matr calculates the dervatve o (,) and puts the answer n g(,). Ths s a matr operator. Lecture 0 Slde 36 8
19 7/0/07 Other Matr Operators A square matr can alwas be constructed to perorm an lnear operaton on a uncton that s stored n a column vector.? 3 d d N FFT F d Lecture 0 Slde 37 g G h H Pont b Pont Multplcaton ( o ) b b b b 3 4 b b6 Snce we are storng our unctons n vector orm, how do we perorm a pont b pont multplcaton usng a square matr? b B b b 0 b b? 0 0 b b b b b 0 b b6 6 b6 6 B B Lecture 0 Slde 38 9
20 7/0/07 Pont b Pont Multplcaton ( o ) b b b b 3 4 b b6 Snce we are storng our unctons n vector orm, how do we perorm a pont b pont multplcaton usng a square matr? b B b b 0 b b 0 0 b b b b b 0 b b6 6 b6 6 B B Lecture 0 Slde 39 Frst Order Partal ervatve ( o ) How do we construct a square matr so that when t premultples a vector, we get a vector contanng the rst order partal dervatve? ? Lecture 0 Slde 40 0
21 7/0/07 Frst Order Partal ervatve ( o ) How do we construct a square matr so that when t premultples a vector, we get a vector contanng the rst order partal dervatve? Lecture 0 Slde 4 Second Order Partal ervatve ( o ) How do we construct a square matr so that when t premultples a vector, we get a vector contanng the second order partal dervatve? ? Lecture 0 Slde 4
22 7/0/07 Second Order Partal ervatve ( o ) How do we construct a square matr so that when t premultples a vector, we get a vector contanng the second order partal dervatve? Lecture 0 Slde 43 What About Grds ( o )? Two dmensonal grds are a lttle more dcult, Lecture 0 Slde ??? 3 0 3??? ??? ??? ??? ??? 9 8
23 7/0/07 What About Grds ( o )? Two dmensonal grds are a lttle more dcult, ??? 0 0 0??? ??? ??? ??? ??? 9 6 Lecture 0 Slde 4 ervatve Operators wth rchlet Boundar Condtons Both o these matrces onl have numbers along three o ther dagonals Ths s called trdagonal Ths suggests a ast wa to construct these matrces () has some correctons shown n blue along two o ts dagonals These matrces contan mostl zeros These are called a sparse matrces See MATLAB sparse() command Also see MATLAB spdags() command Lecture 0 Slde 46 3
24 7/0/07 Wh o We Need Separate Matr Operators or Frst and Second Order ervatves? We know that, Can we just calculate () rom ()??? Yes, but ths does not make ecent use o the grd. For a pont, grd, we have Ths s not as accurate because t calculates the dervatve wth poorer grd resoluton than s avalable. Ths matr operator makes optmal use o the avalable grd resoluton. Lecture 0 Slde 47 ervatve Operators or Grds When N= and N> When N> and N= Z zero matr s standard or grd s standard or grd Z zero matr Lecture 0 Slde 48 4
25 7/0/07 USE SPARSE MATRICES!!!!!!! The dervatve operators wll be EXTREMELY large matrces. For a small grd that s just 0000 ponts: Total Number o Ponts: 0,000 Sze o ervate Operators: 0,000 0,000 Total Elements n Matrces: 400,000,000 Memor to Store One Full Matr: 6 Gb Memor to Store One Sparse Matr: Mb NEVER AT ANY POINT should ou use FULL MATRICES n the nte derence method. Not even or ntermedate steps. NEVER! Lecture 0 Slde 49
Lecture 2 Solution of Nonlinear Equations ( Root Finding Problems )
Lecture Soluton o Nonlnear Equatons Root Fndng Problems Dentons Classcaton o Methods Analytcal Solutons Graphcal Methods Numercal Methods Bracketng Methods Open Methods Convergence Notatons Root Fndng
More information: Numerical Analysis Topic 2: Solution of Nonlinear Equations Lectures 5-11:
764: Numercal Analyss Topc : Soluton o Nonlnear Equatons Lectures 5-: UIN Malang Read Chapters 5 and 6 o the tetbook 764_Topc Lecture 5 Soluton o Nonlnear Equatons Root Fndng Problems Dentons Classcaton
More informationCISE301: Numerical Methods Topic 2: Solution of Nonlinear Equations
CISE3: Numercal Methods Topc : Soluton o Nonlnear Equatons Dr. Amar Khoukh Term Read Chapters 5 and 6 o the tetbook CISE3_Topc c Khoukh_ Lecture 5 Soluton o Nonlnear Equatons Root ndng Problems Dentons
More informationSingle Variable Optimization
8/4/07 Course Instructor Dr. Raymond C. Rump Oce: A 337 Phone: (95) 747 6958 E Mal: rcrump@utep.edu Topc 8b Sngle Varable Optmzaton EE 4386/530 Computatonal Methods n EE Outlne Mathematcal Prelmnares Sngle
More informationOPTIMISATION. Introduction Single Variable Unconstrained Optimisation Multivariable Unconstrained Optimisation Linear Programming
OPTIMIATION Introducton ngle Varable Unconstraned Optmsaton Multvarable Unconstraned Optmsaton Lnear Programmng Chapter Optmsaton /. Introducton In an engneerng analss, sometmes etremtes, ether mnmum or
More informationNumerical Methods. ME Mechanical Lab I. Mechanical Engineering ME Lab I
5 9 Mechancal Engneerng -.30 ME Lab I ME.30 Mechancal Lab I Numercal Methods Volt Sne Seres.5 0.5 SIN(X) 0 3 7 5 9 33 37 4 45 49 53 57 6 65 69 73 77 8 85 89 93 97 0-0.5 Normalzed Squared Functon - 0.07
More informationORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS EULER S METHOD
Numercal Analss or Engneers German Jordanan Unverst ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS We wll eplore several metods o solvng rst order ordnar derental equatons (ODEs and we wll sow ow tese metods can be appled
More information36.1 Why is it important to be able to find roots to systems of equations? Up to this point, we have discussed how to find the solution to
ChE Lecture Notes - D. Keer, 5/9/98 Lecture 6,7,8 - Rootndng n systems o equatons (A) Theory (B) Problems (C) MATLAB Applcatons Tet: Supplementary notes rom Instructor 6. Why s t mportant to be able to
More informationChapter 3 Differentiation and Integration
MEE07 Computer Modelng Technques n Engneerng Chapter Derentaton and Integraton Reerence: An Introducton to Numercal Computatons, nd edton, S. yakowtz and F. zdarovsky, Mawell/Macmllan, 990. Derentaton
More informationGrid Generation around a Cylinder by Complex Potential Functions
Research Journal of Appled Scences, Engneerng and Technolog 4(): 53-535, 0 ISSN: 040-7467 Mawell Scentfc Organzaton, 0 Submtted: December 0, 0 Accepted: Januar, 0 Publshed: June 0, 0 Grd Generaton around
More informationNumerical Methods Solution of Nonlinear Equations
umercal Methods Soluton o onlnear Equatons Lecture Soluton o onlnear Equatons Root Fndng Prolems Dentons Classcaton o Methods Analytcal Solutons Graphcal Methods umercal Methods Bracketng Methods Open
More informationChapter 12. Ordinary Differential Equation Boundary Value (BV) Problems
Chapter. Ordnar Dfferental Equaton Boundar Value (BV) Problems In ths chapter we wll learn how to solve ODE boundar value problem. BV ODE s usuall gven wth x beng the ndependent space varable. p( x) q(
More informationCS 331 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING. Dr. Daisy Tang
CS DESIGN ND NLYSIS OF LGORITHMS DYNMIC PROGRMMING Dr. Dasy Tang Dynamc Programmng Idea: Problems can be dvded nto stages Soluton s a sequence o decsons and the decson at the current stage s based on the
More information( ) [ ( k) ( k) ( x) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ] ξ [ ] [ ] [ ] ( )( ) i ( ) ( )( ) 2! ( ) = ( ) 3 Interpolation. Polynomial Approximation.
3 Interpolaton {( y } Gven:,,,,,, [ ] Fnd: y for some Mn, Ma Polynomal Appromaton Theorem (Weerstrass Appromaton Theorem --- estence ε [ ab] f( P( , then there ests a polynomal
More informationPART 8. Partial Differential Equations PDEs
he Islamc Unverst of Gaza Facult of Engneerng Cvl Engneerng Department Numercal Analss ECIV 3306 PAR 8 Partal Dfferental Equatons PDEs Chapter 9; Fnte Dfference: Ellptc Equatons Assocate Prof. Mazen Abualtaef
More informationLecture 21: Numerical methods for pricing American type derivatives
Lecture 21: Numercal methods for prcng Amercan type dervatves Xaoguang Wang STAT 598W Aprl 10th, 2014 (STAT 598W) Lecture 21 1 / 26 Outlne 1 Fnte Dfference Method Explct Method Penalty Method (STAT 598W)
More informationNumerical Heat and Mass Transfer
Master degree n Mechancal Engneerng Numercal Heat and Mass Transfer 06-Fnte-Dfference Method (One-dmensonal, steady state heat conducton) Fausto Arpno f.arpno@uncas.t Introducton Why we use models and
More informationAPPENDIX A Some Linear Algebra
APPENDIX A Some Lnear Algebra The collecton of m, n matrces A.1 Matrces a 1,1,..., a 1,n A = a m,1,..., a m,n wth real elements a,j s denoted by R m,n. If n = 1 then A s called a column vector. Smlarly,
More informationLecture 3. Ax x i a i. i i
18.409 The Behavor of Algorthms n Practce 2/14/2 Lecturer: Dan Spelman Lecture 3 Scrbe: Arvnd Sankar 1 Largest sngular value In order to bound the condton number, we need an upper bound on the largest
More informationSolution of Linear System of Equations and Matrix Inversion Gauss Seidel Iteration Method
Soluton of Lnear System of Equatons and Matr Inverson Gauss Sedel Iteraton Method It s another well-known teratve method for solvng a system of lnear equatons of the form a + a22 + + ann = b a2 + a222
More informationErrors for Linear Systems
Errors for Lnear Systems When we solve a lnear system Ax b we often do not know A and b exactly, but have only approxmatons  and ˆb avalable. Then the best thng we can do s to solve ˆx ˆb exactly whch
More informationSummary with Examples for Root finding Methods -Bisection -Newton Raphson -Secant
Summary wth Eamples or Root ndng Methods -Bsecton -Newton Raphson -Secant Nonlnear Equaton Solvers Bracketng Graphcal Open Methods Bsecton False Poston (Regula-Fals) Newton Raphson Secant All Iteratve
More informationLectures - Week 4 Matrix norms, Conditioning, Vector Spaces, Linear Independence, Spanning sets and Basis, Null space and Range of a Matrix
Lectures - Week 4 Matrx norms, Condtonng, Vector Spaces, Lnear Independence, Spannng sets and Bass, Null space and Range of a Matrx Matrx Norms Now we turn to assocatng a number to each matrx. We could
More informationChapter 7: Conservation of Energy
Lecture 7: Conservaton o nergy Chapter 7: Conservaton o nergy Introucton I the quantty o a subject oes not change wth tme, t means that the quantty s conserve. The quantty o that subject remans constant
More informationPhysics 2A Chapter 3 HW Solutions
Phscs A Chapter 3 HW Solutons Chapter 3 Conceptual Queston: 4, 6, 8, Problems: 5,, 8, 7, 3, 44, 46, 69, 70, 73 Q3.4. Reason: (a) C = A+ B onl A and B are n the same drecton. Sze does not matter. (b) C
More informationCHAPTER 4d. ROOTS OF EQUATIONS
CHAPTER 4d. ROOTS OF EQUATIONS A. J. Clark School o Engneerng Department o Cvl and Envronmental Engneerng by Dr. Ibrahm A. Assakka Sprng 00 ENCE 03 - Computaton Methods n Cvl Engneerng II Department o
More informationLecture 26 Finite Differences and Boundary Value Problems
4//3 Leture 6 Fnte erenes and Boundar Value Problems Numeral derentaton A nte derene s an appromaton o a dervatve - eample erved rom Talor seres 3 O! Negletng all terms ger tan rst order O O Tat s te orward
More informationME 501A Seminar in Engineering Analysis Page 1
umercal Solutons of oundary-value Problems n Os ovember 7, 7 umercal Solutons of oundary- Value Problems n Os Larry aretto Mechancal ngneerng 5 Semnar n ngneerng nalyss ovember 7, 7 Outlne Revew stff equaton
More informationDEMO #8 - GAUSSIAN ELIMINATION USING MATHEMATICA. 1. Matrices in Mathematica
demo8.nb 1 DEMO #8 - GAUSSIAN ELIMINATION USING MATHEMATICA Obectves: - defne matrces n Mathematca - format the output of matrces - appl lnear algebra to solve a real problem - Use Mathematca to perform
More informationInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica FINITE ELEMENTS I. Class notes AE-245
Insttuto Tecnológco de Aeronáutca FIITE ELEMETS I Class notes AE-5 Insttuto Tecnológco de Aeronáutca 5. Isoparametrc Elements AE-5 Insttuto Tecnológco de Aeronáutca ISOPARAMETRIC ELEMETS Introducton What
More informationChapter 10. Numerical Solution Methods for Engineering Analysis
Appled Engneerng Analss - sldes or class teachng* Chapter Numercal Soluton Methods or Engneerng Analss * Based on the tetbook on Appled Engneerng Analss, b Ta-Ran Hsu, publshed b John Wle & Sons, 8 (ISBN
More informationLecture 2: Numerical Methods for Differentiations and Integrations
Numercal Smulaton of Space Plasmas (I [AP-4036] Lecture 2 by Lng-Hsao Lyu March, 2018 Lecture 2: Numercal Methods for Dfferentatons and Integratons As we have dscussed n Lecture 1 that numercal smulaton
More informationNumerical Differentiation
Part 5 Capter 19 Numercal Derentaton PowerPonts organzed by Dr. Mcael R. Gustason II, Duke Unversty Revsed by Pro. Jang, CAU All mages copyrgt Te McGraw-Hll Companes, Inc. Permsson requred or reproducton
More informationRigid body simulation
Rgd bod smulaton Rgd bod smulaton Once we consder an object wth spacal etent, partcle sstem smulaton s no longer suffcent Problems Problems Unconstraned sstem rotatonal moton torques and angular momentum
More informationPropagation of error for multivariable function
Propagaton o error or multvarable uncton ow consder a multvarable uncton (u, v, w, ). I measurements o u, v, w,. All have uncertant u, v, w,., how wll ths aect the uncertant o the uncton? L tet) o (Equaton
More informationEE 330 Lecture 24. Small Signal Analysis Small Signal Analysis of BJT Amplifier
EE 0 Lecture 4 Small Sgnal Analss Small Sgnal Analss o BJT Ampler Eam Frda March 9 Eam Frda Aprl Revew Sesson or Eam : 6:00 p.m. on Thursda March 8 n Room Sweene 6 Revew rom Last Lecture Comparson o Gans
More informationThe Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Objective To use the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra to solve polynomial equations with complex solutions
5-6 The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Content Standards N.CN.7 Solve quadratc equatons wth real coeffcents that have comple solutons. N.CN.8 Etend polnomal denttes to the comple numbers. Also N.CN.9,
More informationP A = (P P + P )A = P (I P T (P P ))A = P (A P T (P P )A) Hence if we let E = P T (P P A), We have that
Backward Error Analyss for House holder Reectors We want to show that multplcaton by householder reectors s backward stable. In partcular we wsh to show fl(p A) = P (A) = P (A + E where P = I 2vv T s the
More informationNice plotting of proteins II
Nce plottng of protens II Fnal remark regardng effcency: It s possble to wrte the Newton representaton n a way that can be computed effcently, usng smlar bracketng that we made for the frst representaton
More informationNew Method for Solving Poisson Equation. on Irregular Domains
Appled Mathematcal Scences Vol. 6 01 no. 8 369 380 New Method for Solvng Posson Equaton on Irregular Domans J. Izadan and N. Karamooz Department of Mathematcs Facult of Scences Mashhad BranchIslamc Azad
More informationComplex Variables. Chapter 18 Integration in the Complex Plane. March 12, 2013 Lecturer: Shih-Yuan Chen
omplex Varables hapter 8 Integraton n the omplex Plane March, Lecturer: Shh-Yuan hen Except where otherwse noted, content s lcensed under a BY-N-SA. TW Lcense. ontents ontour ntegrals auchy-goursat theorem
More informationModule 2. Random Processes. Version 2 ECE IIT, Kharagpur
Module Random Processes Lesson 6 Functons of Random Varables After readng ths lesson, ou wll learn about cdf of functon of a random varable. Formula for determnng the pdf of a random varable. Let, X be
More informationPLATE BENDING ELEMENTS
8. PLATE BENING ELEMENTS Plate Bendng s a Smple Etenson of Beam Theor 8. INTROUCTION { XE "Plate Bendng Elements" }Before 960, plates and slabs were modeled usng a grd of beam elements for man cvl engneerng
More informationSTAT 309: MATHEMATICAL COMPUTATIONS I FALL 2018 LECTURE 16
STAT 39: MATHEMATICAL COMPUTATIONS I FALL 218 LECTURE 16 1 why teratve methods f we have a lnear system Ax = b where A s very, very large but s ether sparse or structured (eg, banded, Toepltz, banded plus
More informationNumerical Simulation of Wave Propagation Using the Shallow Water Equations
umercal Smulaton of Wave Propagaton Usng the Shallow Water Equatons Junbo Par Harve udd College 6th Aprl 007 Abstract The shallow water equatons SWE were used to model water wave propagaton n one dmenson
More informationWeek 2. This week, we covered operations on sets and cardinality.
Week 2 Ths week, we covered operatons on sets and cardnalty. Defnton 0.1 (Correspondence). A correspondence between two sets A and B s a set S contaned n A B = {(a, b) a A, b B}. A correspondence from
More informationMathematical Economics MEMF e ME. Filomena Garcia. Topic 2 Calculus
Mathematcal Economcs MEMF e ME Flomena Garca Topc 2 Calculus Mathematcal Economcs - www.seg.utl.pt/~garca/economa_matematca . Unvarate Calculus Calculus Functons : X Y y ( gves or each element X one element
More information2 Finite difference basics
Numersche Methoden 1, WS 11/12 B.J.P. Kaus 2 Fnte dfference bascs Consder the one- The bascs of the fnte dfference method are best understood wth an example. dmensonal transent heat conducton equaton T
More informationPhysics for Scientists & Engineers 2
Equpotental Surfaces and Lnes Physcs for Scentsts & Engneers 2 Sprng Semester 2005 Lecture 9 January 25, 2005 Physcs for Scentsts&Engneers 2 1 When an electrc feld s present, the electrc potental has a
More informationSection 8.3 Polar Form of Complex Numbers
80 Chapter 8 Secton 8 Polar Form of Complex Numbers From prevous classes, you may have encountered magnary numbers the square roots of negatve numbers and, more generally, complex numbers whch are the
More informationTransfer Functions. Convenient representation of a linear, dynamic model. A transfer function (TF) relates one input and one output: ( ) system
Transfer Functons Convenent representaton of a lnear, dynamc model. A transfer functon (TF) relates one nput and one output: x t X s y t system Y s The followng termnology s used: x y nput output forcng
More information1 GSW Iterative Techniques for y = Ax
1 for y = A I m gong to cheat here. here are a lot of teratve technques that can be used to solve the general case of a set of smultaneous equatons (wrtten n the matr form as y = A), but ths chapter sn
More informationLecture Note 3. Eshelby s Inclusion II
ME340B Elastcty of Mcroscopc Structures Stanford Unversty Wnter 004 Lecture Note 3. Eshelby s Incluson II Chrs Wenberger and We Ca c All rghts reserved January 6, 004 Contents 1 Incluson energy n an nfnte
More informationShuai Dong. Isaac Newton. Gottfried Leibniz
Computatonal pyscs Sua Dong Isaac Newton Gottred Lebnz Numercal calculus poston dervatve ntegral v velocty dervatve ntegral a acceleraton Numercal calculus Numercal derentaton Numercal ntegraton Roots
More informationSCALARS AND VECTORS All physical quantities in engineering mechanics are measured using either scalars or vectors.
SCALARS AND ECTORS All phscal uanttes n engneerng mechancs are measured usng ether scalars or vectors. Scalar. A scalar s an postve or negatve phscal uantt that can be completel specfed b ts magntude.
More informationChapter 5 Function-based Monte Carlo
Chapter 5 Functon-based Monte Carlo 5.1 Four technques or estmatng ntegrals Our net set o mathematcal tools that we wll develop nvolve Monte Carlo ntegraton. In the grand scheme o thngs, our study so ar
More informationLecture 13 APPROXIMATION OF SECOMD ORDER DERIVATIVES
COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS: FDM: Appromaton of Second Order Dervatves Lecture APPROXIMATION OF SECOMD ORDER DERIVATIVES. APPROXIMATION OF SECOND ORDER DERIVATIVES Second order dervatves appear n dffusve
More informationAdvanced Circuits Topics - Part 1 by Dr. Colton (Fall 2017)
Advanced rcuts Topcs - Part by Dr. olton (Fall 07) Part : Some thngs you should already know from Physcs 0 and 45 These are all thngs that you should have learned n Physcs 0 and/or 45. Ths secton s organzed
More informationLecture 12: Discrete Laplacian
Lecture 12: Dscrete Laplacan Scrbe: Tanye Lu Our goal s to come up wth a dscrete verson of Laplacan operator for trangulated surfaces, so that we can use t n practce to solve related problems We are mostly
More informationThe Karush-Kuhn-Tucker. Nuno Vasconcelos ECE Department, UCSD
e Karus-Kun-ucker condtons and dualt Nuno Vasconcelos ECE Department, UCSD Optmzaton goal: nd mamum or mnmum o a uncton Denton: gven unctons, g, 1,...,k and, 1,...m dened on some doman Ω R n mn w, w Ω
More informationWeek 5: Neural Networks
Week 5: Neural Networks Instructor: Sergey Levne Neural Networks Summary In the prevous lecture, we saw how we can construct neural networks by extendng logstc regresson. Neural networks consst of multple
More informationx yi In chapter 14, we want to perform inference (i.e. calculate confidence intervals and perform tests of significance) in this setting.
The Practce of Statstcs, nd ed. Chapter 14 Inference for Regresson Introducton In chapter 3 we used a least-squares regresson lne (LSRL) to represent a lnear relatonshp etween two quanttatve explanator
More informationInner Product. Euclidean Space. Orthonormal Basis. Orthogonal
Inner Product Defnton 1 () A Eucldean space s a fnte-dmensonal vector space over the reals R, wth an nner product,. Defnton 2 (Inner Product) An nner product, on a real vector space X s a symmetrc, blnear,
More informationStructure and Drive Paul A. Jensen Copyright July 20, 2003
Structure and Drve Paul A. Jensen Copyrght July 20, 2003 A system s made up of several operatons wth flow passng between them. The structure of the system descrbes the flow paths from nputs to outputs.
More informationScattering Matrices for Semi Analytical Methods
Instructor Dr. Raymond Rumpf (95) 747 6958 rcrumpf@utep.edu EE 5337 Computatonal Electromagnetcs Lecture #5a catterng Matrces for em Analytcal Methods Lecture 5a These notes may contan copyrghted materal
More informationSolutions to Homework 7, Mathematics 1. 1 x. (arccos x) (arccos x) 1
Solutons to Homework 7, Mathematcs 1 Problem 1: a Prove that arccos 1 1 for 1, 1. b* Startng from the defnton of the dervatve, prove that arccos + 1, arccos 1. Hnt: For arccos arccos π + 1, the defnton
More information1 Matrix representations of canonical matrices
1 Matrx representatons of canoncal matrces 2-d rotaton around the orgn: ( ) cos θ sn θ R 0 = sn θ cos θ 3-d rotaton around the x-axs: R x = 1 0 0 0 cos θ sn θ 0 sn θ cos θ 3-d rotaton around the y-axs:
More informationAppendix B. The Finite Difference Scheme
140 APPENDIXES Appendx B. The Fnte Dfference Scheme In ths appendx we present numercal technques whch are used to approxmate solutons of system 3.1 3.3. A comprehensve treatment of theoretcal and mplementaton
More informationMeasurement and Uncertainties
Phs L-L Introducton Measurement and Uncertantes An measurement s uncertan to some degree. No measurng nstrument s calbrated to nfnte precson, nor are an two measurements ever performed under eactl the
More informationPES 1120 Spring 2014, Spendier Lecture 6/Page 1
PES 110 Sprng 014, Spender Lecture 6/Page 1 Lecture today: Chapter 1) Electrc feld due to charge dstrbutons -> charged rod -> charged rng We ntroduced the electrc feld, E. I defned t as an nvsble aura
More informationLecture 22: Potential Energy
Lecture : Potental Energy We have already studed the work-energy theorem, whch relates the total work done on an object to the change n knetc energy: Wtot = KE For a conservatve orce, the work done by
More informationSpring Force and Power
Lecture 13 Chapter 9 Sprng Force and Power Yeah, energy s better than orces. What s net? Course webste: http://aculty.uml.edu/andry_danylov/teachng/physcsi IN THIS CHAPTER, you wll learn how to solve problems
More informationPHYS 705: Classical Mechanics. Newtonian Mechanics
1 PHYS 705: Classcal Mechancs Newtonan Mechancs Quck Revew of Newtonan Mechancs Basc Descrpton: -An dealzed pont partcle or a system of pont partcles n an nertal reference frame [Rgd bodes (ch. 5 later)]
More informationUniversity of Washington Department of Chemistry Chemistry 452/456 Summer Quarter 2014
Lecture 16 8/4/14 Unversty o Washngton Department o Chemstry Chemstry 452/456 Summer Quarter 214. Real Vapors and Fugacty Henry s Law accounts or the propertes o extremely dlute soluton. s shown n Fgure
More informationModeling motion with VPython Every program that models the motion of physical objects has two main parts:
1 Modelng moton wth VPython Eery program that models the moton o physcal objects has two man parts: 1. Beore the loop: The rst part o the program tells the computer to: a. Create numercal alues or constants
More informationCHAPTER-5 INFORMATION MEASURE OF FUZZY MATRIX AND FUZZY BINARY RELATION
CAPTER- INFORMATION MEASURE OF FUZZY MATRI AN FUZZY BINARY RELATION Introducton The basc concept of the fuzz matr theor s ver smple and can be appled to socal and natural stuatons A branch of fuzz matr
More informationModule 3: Element Properties Lecture 1: Natural Coordinates
Module 3: Element Propertes Lecture : Natural Coordnates Natural coordnate system s bascally a local coordnate system whch allows the specfcaton of a pont wthn the element by a set of dmensonless numbers
More informationOne Dimensional Axial Deformations
One Dmensonal al Deformatons In ths secton, a specfc smple geometr s consdered, that of a long and thn straght component loaded n such a wa that t deforms n the aal drecton onl. The -as s taken as the
More informationA Simple Research of Divisor Graphs
The 29th Workshop on Combnatoral Mathematcs and Computaton Theory A Smple Research o Dvsor Graphs Yu-png Tsao General Educaton Center Chna Unversty o Technology Tape Tawan yp-tsao@cuteedutw Tape Tawan
More informationStatistics and Probability Theory in Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering
Statstcs and Probablty Theory n Cvl, Surveyng and Envronmental Engneerng Pro. Dr. Mchael Havbro Faber ETH Zurch, Swtzerland Contents o Todays Lecture Overvew o Uncertanty Modelng Random Varables - propertes
More information4DVAR, according to the name, is a four-dimensional variational method.
4D-Varatonal Data Assmlaton (4D-Var) 4DVAR, accordng to the name, s a four-dmensonal varatonal method. 4D-Var s actually a drect generalzaton of 3D-Var to handle observatons that are dstrbuted n tme. The
More informationCME 302: NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA FALL 2005/06 LECTURE 13
CME 30: NUMERICAL LINEAR ALGEBRA FALL 005/06 LECTURE 13 GENE H GOLUB 1 Iteratve Methods Very large problems (naturally sparse, from applcatons): teratve methods Structured matrces (even sometmes dense,
More informationDigital Signal Processing
Dgtal Sgnal Processng Dscrete-tme System Analyss Manar Mohasen Offce: F8 Emal: manar.subh@ut.ac.r School of IT Engneerng Revew of Precedent Class Contnuous Sgnal The value of the sgnal s avalable over
More informationMathematics Intersection of Lines
a place of mnd F A C U L T Y O F E D U C A T I O N Department of Currculum and Pedagog Mathematcs Intersecton of Lnes Scence and Mathematcs Educaton Research Group Supported b UBC Teachng and Learnng Enhancement
More informationApplication to Plane (rigid) frame structure
Advanced Computatonal echancs 18 Chapter 4 Applcaton to Plane rgd frame structure 1. Dscusson on degrees of freedom In case of truss structures, t was enough that the element force equaton provdes onl
More informationChapter 5. Solution of System of Linear Equations. Module No. 6. Solution of Inconsistent and Ill Conditioned Systems
Numercal Analyss by Dr. Anta Pal Assstant Professor Department of Mathematcs Natonal Insttute of Technology Durgapur Durgapur-713209 emal: anta.bue@gmal.com 1 . Chapter 5 Soluton of System of Lnear Equatons
More informationUsing T.O.M to Estimate Parameter of distributions that have not Single Exponential Family
IOSR Journal of Mathematcs IOSR-JM) ISSN: 2278-5728. Volume 3, Issue 3 Sep-Oct. 202), PP 44-48 www.osrjournals.org Usng T.O.M to Estmate Parameter of dstrbutons that have not Sngle Exponental Famly Jubran
More informationLeast squares cubic splines without B-splines S.K. Lucas
Least squares cubc splnes wthout B-splnes S.K. Lucas School of Mathematcs and Statstcs, Unversty of South Australa, Mawson Lakes SA 595 e-mal: stephen.lucas@unsa.edu.au Submtted to the Gazette of the Australan
More informationCHAPTER 4. Vector Spaces
man 2007/2/16 page 234 CHAPTER 4 Vector Spaces To crtcze mathematcs for ts abstracton s to mss the pont entrel. Abstracton s what makes mathematcs work. Ian Stewart The man am of ths tet s to stud lnear
More informationC PLANE ELASTICITY PROBLEM FORMULATIONS
C M.. Tamn, CSMLab, UTM Corse Content: A ITRODUCTIO AD OVERVIEW mercal method and Compter-Aded Engneerng; Phscal problems; Mathematcal models; Fnte element method. B REVIEW OF -D FORMULATIOS Elements and
More informationSIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
Smple Lnear Regresson and Correlaton Introducton Prevousl, our attenton has been focused on one varable whch we desgnated b x. Frequentl, t s desrable to learn somethng about the relatonshp between two
More informationModelli Clamfim Equazione del Calore Lezione ottobre 2014
CLAMFIM Bologna Modell 1 @ Clamfm Equazone del Calore Lezone 17 15 ottobre 2014 professor Danele Rtell danele.rtell@unbo.t 1/24? Convoluton The convoluton of two functons g(t) and f(t) s the functon (g
More informationPlate Theories for Classical and Laminated plates Weak Formulation and Element Calculations
Plate heores for Classcal and Lamnated plates Weak Formulaton and Element Calculatons PM Mohte Department of Aerospace Engneerng Indan Insttute of echnolog Kanpur EQIP School on Computatonal Methods n
More information5.76 Lecture #21 2/28/94 Page 1. Lecture #21: Rotation of Polyatomic Molecules I
5.76 Lecture # /8/94 Page Lecture #: Rotaton of Polatomc Molecules I A datomc molecule s ver lmted n how t can rotate and vbrate. * R s to nternuclear as * onl one knd of vbraton A polatomc molecule can
More informationMEM 255 Introduction to Control Systems Review: Basics of Linear Algebra
MEM 255 Introducton to Control Systems Revew: Bascs of Lnear Algebra Harry G. Kwatny Department of Mechancal Engneerng & Mechancs Drexel Unversty Outlne Vectors Matrces MATLAB Advanced Topcs Vectors A
More informationGeneral Tips on How to Do Well in Physics Exams. 1. Establish a good habit in keeping track of your steps. For example, when you use the equation
General Tps on How to Do Well n Physcs Exams 1. Establsh a good habt n keepng track o your steps. For example when you use the equaton 1 1 1 + = d d to solve or d o you should rst rewrte t as 1 1 1 = d
More informationNumerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations
Numercal Methods (CENG 00) CHAPTER-VI Numercal Soluton of Ordnar Dfferental Equatons 6 Introducton Dfferental equatons are equatons composed of an unknown functon and ts dervatves The followng are examples
More informationFormulas for the Determinant
page 224 224 CHAPTER 3 Determnants e t te t e 2t 38 A = e t 2te t e 2t e t te t 2e 2t 39 If 123 A = 345, 456 compute the matrx product A adj(a) What can you conclude about det(a)? For Problems 40 43, use
More informationWhat is LP? LP is an optimization technique that allocates limited resources among competing activities in the best possible manner.
(C) 998 Gerald B Sheblé, all rghts reserved Lnear Prograng Introducton Contents I. What s LP? II. LP Theor III. The Splex Method IV. Refneents to the Splex Method What s LP? LP s an optzaton technque that
More informationMath1110 (Spring 2009) Prelim 3 - Solutions
Math 1110 (Sprng 2009) Solutons to Prelm 3 (04/21/2009) 1 Queston 1. (16 ponts) Short answer. Math1110 (Sprng 2009) Prelm 3 - Solutons x a 1 (a) (4 ponts) Please evaluate lm, where a and b are postve numbers.
More information