Light- Ma*er Interac0ons CHEM 314
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1 Light- Ma*er Interac0ons CHEM 314
2 Objec0ves Review electromagne0c radia0on and EM spectrum Wave- par0cle duality Overview of ways light can interact with ma*er Apply these interac0ons to the study of chemical systems Summarize excita0on and relaxa0on within an atom or molecule using a Jablonski diagram.
3 Spectroscopy? Interac0on between light and ma*er
4 Electromagne0c Radia0on A amplitude p period (sec) ν Frequency (sec - 1 ; Hz) λ Wavelength (m- nm) v velocity of propaga0on wave number (1/λ; cm - 1 ) P power (energy s - 1 ) I intensity (P solid angle - 1 )
5 Wavelength, frequency, and energy What is the frequency and energy of 500nm light?
6 Wavelength, frequency, and energy What is the velocity of this wave in glass?
7 Electromagne0c spectrum Wavenumber (cm - 1 ) Frequency (Hz) Wavelength (m)
8 Interac0ons between light and ma*er
9
10 Light we can t see? λ ν 89.9 x10 6 Hz Public Radio Molecular Molecular rota0ons vibra0ons Electronic transi0ons Core electron Nuclear ejected transi0ons
11 3. Which is the most energe0c process? a. Vibra0onal b. Electronic c. Electron ejec0on d. Rota0onal
12 1. Calculate the energy of a 516 nm photon. Given h=6.626 x J S and c=3x10 8 m s - 1 a x b x c x d. None of the above
13 2. What kind of radia0on would you use to study electronic levels in molecules a. Radio waves b. Microwaves c. UV- visible light d. X- rays
14 Superposi0on of waves
15 Interac0ons between light and ma*er Diffrac0on Refrac0on Transmission Reflec0on Sca*ering polariza0on Photoelectric effect Absorp0on Emission Sca*ering
16 Diffrac0on Wave generator
17 Young Experiment- Light is a wave
18
19 Transmission At a given frequency i: n i refrac0ve index v i velocity of propaga0on c speed of light in a vacuum
20 Dispersion
21 Refrac0on Snell s law Less dense Light bends toward normal more dense
22 Reflec0on h*p://maxgrace.wordpress.com/2010/07/14/the- love- chapter- one- more- 0me/
23 Plot of % reflec0on vs angle of incidence
24 Sca*ering Rayleigh- elas0c sca*ering Mie- large par0cles Raman- inelas0c sca*ering
25 Polariza0on
26 Interac0ons between light and ma*er Absorp0on Emission Luminescence (fluorescence and phosphorescence) Sca*ering
27 Photoelectric effect 1. Light incident on the photocathode 2. Electrons liberated 3. Voltage at anode adjusted to stop current 4. Stopping voltage depends on cathode substrate and radia0on energy
28 Absorp0on
29 Absorp0on Compare atomic and molecular absorp0on? Why does atomic absorp0on occur at discrete wavelengths while molecular absorp0on occur in broad peaks?
30 Emission
31
32 Luminescence
33 Jablonski diagram
34 Sca*ering
35 List the 0mescale on the following transi0ons. Based on these observa0ons, can you predict which transi0ons might be more likely to occur (and thus more common)? Phenomena Transmission Nonradia0ve decay Electronic transi0ons fluorescence phosphorescence Time scale s s 10-8 s 10-5 s 10-5 to 100 s s
36 Jablonski Diagram
37 Jablonski Diagram transi0ons Electronic excita0on- promo0on of an electron to an excited state (electronic, vibra0onal, rota0onal). S 0 à S 1 Nonradia0ve decay (vibra0onal relaxa0on)- vibra0onal energy transferred to other molecules through collisions. Very fast. Excited state à S 1 ground vibra0onal state Fluorescence- emission of photon to return to S 0. S 1 à S 0 +hν Internal conversion- radia0onless transi0on to an extremely vibra0onally excited state of S 0 without a change in energy. S 1 à S 0 Intersystem crossing- radia0onless transi0on from S 1 to T 1 with no change in energy. Change of electron spin. S 1 à T 1 Phosphorescence- emission of photon to return to S 0. T 1 à S 0 +hν
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