Measurement of Electrical Properties of Rapeseed Seeds with LCR Meter Good Will 8211

Transcription

1 Intenational Jounal o Applied Science and Technology Vol 2 No 8; Octobe 212 Measuement o Electical Popeties o Rapeseed Seeds with LCR Mete Good Will 8211 Kassimia Kadjilova Depatment o Physics Technical Univesity Vana TU Vana, Bulgaia Emilian Bekov Technical Univesity- Vana Depatment o electonics Zuzana Hlavacova SUA in Nita, Slovak Republic Slovak Republic, Nita T A Hlinku 2 Slovak Univesity o Agicultue in Nita Depatment o Physics Akos Ketezs, Slovak Republic, Nita T A Hlinku 2 Slovak Univesity o Agicultue in Nita Depatment o Physics Abstact This aticle aims to pesent methods o measuing the electical popeties o sample - a ganula mateial - apeseed seeds developed in physics eseach laboatoy at the Slovak Univesity o Agicultue in Nita Electical popeties wee measued with LCR mete Resistance R, impedance Z, capacity C, elative pemittivity o six samples o apeseed seeds with dieent moistue content wee measued The esults ae epesented gaphically and analytically Obtained esults ae analyzed The measued values and esults obtained allow to conclude that esistance, impedance and capacity o apeseed seeds unctionally dependent on the equency, as obtained by othe authos Reseach on electical popeties o biological mateials and the esults can be used when constucting the appaatus o measuing moistue content based on electical and dielectic popeties o mateials Knowing the dependencies would allow to ind the most optimal and accuate method o measuing moistue content in agicultual poduction Keywods: apeseed seeds, esistance, impedance, capacity, elative pemittivity, moistue content, equency Intoduction Investigation o electical popeties o mateials is done in many aeas o science In agicultual sciences study the electical popeties o biological mateials ae impotant both o stoage in output to pocess contol and poduct quality Measuements o the electical popeties o biological mateials ae made quickly, the esults ae used to detemine othe popeties o mateials 35

2 Cente o Pomoting Ideas, USA wwwijastnetcom The lagest application is in measuing the moistue content o agicultual poduce (gain, seeds, etc) o dielectic losses Study o electical popeties is impotant o pedicting the behavio o biological mateials in the electical ield, as well as its connection to an electic cicuit Electical popeties o the biological mateials ae inluenced by vaious actos The most impotant o these is wate content (moistue content) and its asymmetic distibution in mateials, tempeatue, bulk density, pesence o pests, and othe mechanical damage [1] Paticulaly impotant ae the dielectic popeties o mateials They change by placing the mateial in highequency ield These popeties ae elated (coelate) with the pecentage o moistue content in biological mateials Small changes in the wate absobed in the specimen can cause majo changes in the electical and dielectic popeties o hygoscopic mateials Using the elationship between the electical chaacteistics o biological mateials and vaiation o thei othe chaacteistics (wate content, impuities, etc) allows the development o measuing instuments Bie theoy It is known that electical popeties o living cells ae passive and active Fom the micoscopic point o view inside the cell has ion conductivity Cell membane has a lage esistance and is not conductive Fo vaious tissues and biological mateials electical popeties ae dieent In applying an altenating cuent biological mateials have not only esistance R, but capacityc, inductance L and total esistance - impedance Z that is geate than R 36 Whee X 2 L X Z R = 2 2 C 2 1 R L C Thee ae studies which ound what dependence o R, C and Z on equency o the altenating cuent [1] Dependency is a monotonically deceasing unction o the type R R n Z Z n 2 n C C (1) In these omulas R, Z, C ae constants, and n is coeicient Fom the macoscopic point o view in cell membane thee ae channels though which can pass physiological ions and anions, and paticle chage caies The density o electic cuent is: d E i d E dt Whee E is the electic ield intensity and is the dielectic pemittivity o the mateial (insulato), whee is the elative pemittivity o the substance = F m 1 is the dielectic constant Thee ae studies [1,7], showing that,t, as well as moistue content in the mateial % This % dependence is tansmitted on

3 Intenational Jounal o Applied Science and Technology Vol 2 No 8; Octobe 212 Last dependence is detemined by the method o connecting the wate with the mateial, o vaiability in it and by chemical bonds Fo bulk mateials the dependence is aected by the mass in bulk, the equency o the electic ield and tempeatue Measuement o moistue content in biological objects (gains, seeds, etc) is the most impotant in stoage and pocessing o agicultual poduce The accuacy o these measuements depends on seveal goups o actos Physical popeties o agicultual poducts aect the accuacy o measuement o moistue Depending on the measuing method used o the physical chaacteistics can be sepaated: measuing the dependence o electical esistance in hygometes, speciic esistance, conductivity, impedance, pemittivity o moistue content [2] Many methods have been used to measue moistue content especially high-equency intevals Thee have been studies o the dependence o the dielectic popeties o dieent equencies om 25 Hz to 12GHz [6] Thee is available inomation o esults elated with dependence o dielectic popeties o wheat and seeds at low equencies [4,6] and micowave equencies Some scientists discuss the possibility o applying dielectic method o measuing moistue in mateials [2,5] Studies wee implemented [9] at low equencies om 435 Hz to 174 Hz to detemine the dielectic constant and lossacto o ice gains They ound that %,, t, Thee have been studies [4] on the application o adio equency heating o biological mateials One method o measuing the moistue content is the dielectic method, that is based in dielectic hygometes On that with electical methods ollow the behavio o the dielectic (oganic mateial) ove time o a change o the electic ield Unde the inluence o electic ield dielectic is polaized and its dielectic pemittivity can be measued by measuing the capacity at dieent equencies o altenating cuent The test substance is placed between the plates o a capacito One way to measue the capacity o the condense is bidge method by esonance and ate is calculated o the substance Such measuings ae made by Novak [7] at equencies om 1 MHz to 16 MHz He ound that in this equency ange thee is a linea elationship between and % S S I the condense is plane, then by C o a capacito with a dielectic (oganic matte) and C d d C o ai condense, then C The last omula allows measuement o both the capacity to ind the elative pemittivity o the mateial - the biological mateial 1 Mateials and method o measuement Thee was test - studied apeseed seed havest in 27 with appoximately equal-sized seeds Measuements wee made in laboatoy conditions at 21 C and humidity 54% 37

4 Cente o Pomoting Ideas, USA wwwijastnetcom 11 Pepaation o samples o testing Six samples apeseed seeds wee pepaed with dieent moistue content %, 7356%, 8768%, 11639%, 1322%, 14263% This moistue content is achieved by gavity method, such samples ae atiicially moistuized by addition o distilled wate and then died Mass is measued with an electonic balance accuate to, 1 g 12 Senso Fo senso is used plane capacito with coppe plates, which ae cicula with a diamete o 37,78 mm and the distance between them is 49,2 mm The suounding aea is plexiglass with geat esistance On top o the senso thee is a sping so that the model is unde constantly mechanical pessue This povides a minimal pesence o ai between seeds o the sample C X CP Then to detemine the dielectic pemittivity can use the omula, whee C X is the capacity o the C C condense illed with seeds, C is the capacity o the empty capacito - no seeds, spaces between the seeds P CP is the capacity o the ai Assuming that all samples wee unde constant mechanical pessue, this may allow disegadingc 13 Method o measuement Measuement o electical chaacteistics R, Z, CX o each model having dieent moistue content and C becomes with a LCR mete Good Will8211 The device can measue R, Z, L, C and Q actos with an accuacy o 5% and coeicient o dispesion D with an accuacy 5% The chain oes six test methods R / Q, C / D, C / R, L/ Q, Z / Q L/ R Fequency can be changed om = 1 khz to 2 khz The speed o measuement is 6 ms Fo each o the pepaed samples ae measued thee times R, Z and C X unde values o equency = 1, 3, 5, 1, 15, 25, 4, 5, 1 and 2 khz The empty capacito C is measued thee times o the same equencies With the pogam Gae ae built gaphs measuements It is calculated elative pemittivity in the omula equencies Thee ae constucted dependencies 2 khz Results R, Z and C X C C with aveage values o thee by aveage capacity o each sample at dieent and % Thee ae pesented some gaphs o esults o equencies 3, 25, 4, 5, 1 and P 38

5 Intenational Jounal o Applied Science and Technology Vol 2 No 8; Octobe 212 Fig1Dependence o esistance and impedance on equency ( 4,875%) Fit 1: Powe, log(y)=b*log(x)+a log(y) = * log(x) Altenate equation: Y = pow(x,-16348) * Coe o detemination, R-squaed = n R R R = k n = R 2 = Fit 1: Powe, log(y)=b*log(x)+a log(y) = * log(x) Altenate equation: Y = pow(x, ) * Coe o detemination, R-squaed = 9964 n Z Z Z = k n = 8563 R 2 = 9964 Fig2Dependence o esistance and impedance on equency ( 11,639%) Fit 1: Powe, log(y)=b*log(x)+a log(y) = * log(x) Altenate equation: Y = pow(x, ) * Coe o detemination, R-squaed = 9852 n R R R = k n = R 2 = 9852 Fit 1: Powe, log(y)=b*log(x)+a log(y) = * log(x) Altenate equation: Y = pow(x,-45113) * 288 Coe o detemination, R-squaed =

6 Cente o Pomoting Ideas, USA wwwijastnetcom n Z Z Z =288 k n = R 2 = Fig3 Dependence o capacity on equency ( 11,639%) Fit 1: Powe, log(y)=b*log(x)+a log(y) = * log(x) Altenate equation: Y = pow(x, ) * Coe o detemination, R-squaed = n C C C = pf n= R 2 = Fig4 Dependence o elative pemittivity on equency Fit 1: Powe, log(y)=b*log(x)+a log(y) = * log(x) Altenate equation: Y = pow(x,-2491) * Coe o detemination, R-squaed = = n= 2491 R 2 = Analysis o esults n Fig5 Dependence o elative pemittivity on moistue content ( 2kHz) Fit 1: Exponential, log(y)=b*x+a log(y) = * X Altenate equation: Y = exp(27646 * X) * Coe o detemination, R-squaed = Fo all values o moistue content Z R At smalle values o moistue content Z R

7 Intenational Jounal o Applied Science and Technology Vol 2 No 8; Octobe 212 With inceasing equency R and Z deceased unction o the type (1) The same esults ae obtained o C This shows that the equency ange o 1 khzto 2 khz is good o the study o electical popeties R, Z and С o biological mateials - apeseed seed and othe ganula mateials (Small volume to avoid the pesence o ai between the paticles) The esults o shows that at low moistue content deceases with inceasing equency The esults o ae eal o low moistue content, but o high moistue content thee ae uneal esults o The esults o % show that low equencies ae not good o studying the elationship between dielectic pemittivity and moistue content Good and ealistic esults ae obtained at a equency o 2 khz One eason o these esults is the types o using capacito We believe that values can be impoved i to incease the aea S o the plates and to educe the distance d between them, leading to an incease o C Conclusions The measued values and esults obtained allow to conclude that esistance, impedance and capacity o apeseed seeds depend on the equency depending on unction on type (1) obtained by othe authos With inceasing moistue content o the samples, the values o R and Z decease In dy mateials R and Z have highe values than mateials with highe moistue content Capacity values C o samples with highe moistue content ae highe than dy mateials The esults o the dependence o elative pemittivity on the equency and on moistue content o the samples show that these tests ae suitable o equencies geate than 2 khz Reseach on electical popeties o biological mateials and the esults can be used when constucting the appaatus o measuing moistue content based on electical and dielectic popeties o mateials Knowing the dependencies would allow to ind the most optimal and accuate method o measuing moistue content in agicultual poduction Acknowledgement This aticle is unded unde the poject BG51PO unded by Opeational Pogamme" Human Resouces Development " 41

8 R, Z, k Cente o Pomoting Ideas, USA wwwijastnetcom Reeences Hlavacova,Z 1999 Some electical popeties o amaanthus seeds Zemedelska technika, 45,1999(3), p Hlavacova,Z 1994 Physical popeties o plant mateial in view point o accuacy o moistue measuing Zemedelska technika, 4,1994(2), p Hlavacova,Z 23 Low equency electical popeties utilization in agicultual and ood teatmentresagreng,49,23(4) p issn Lawence, KC Nelson, S O Kaszewski,A 1992 Tempeatue dependence o dielectic popeties o pecanstansasae, vol35,1992,no1,p Nelson,SO 1999 Dielectic popeties measuement techniques and applications TansASAE, vol42,1992,no2,p Nelson, S and all Dielectic popeties o Watemelons and Coelation with Soluble Solids Content In: ASABE Annual Intenational Meeting, 27 Novak,J Electical popeties o colza seeds Acta technologica agicultuae, (1) 211, SUA in Nita, p11-14 Piatkova,L- Hlavacova, Z Uncetainties o the biological mateials electical popeties measuement using the LCR bidge Intenational student scientiic coneence, RAAGMEWP, 29, p You, TS- Nelson, SO 1988 Micowave dielectic popeties o ice kenels J Micowave Powe and Electomagnetic Enegy, vol23, 1988, no3, p E+5 Fig1Dependence o esistance and impedance on equency equency dependence o esistance and impedance R = () Y = pow(x,-16348) * E+4 Z= () Y = pow(x, ) * E+3 1E+2 1E , khz 42

9 C, pf R, Z, k Intenational Jounal o Applied Science and Technology Vol 2 No 8; Octobe E+3 Fig2 Dependence o esistance and impedance on equency equency dependence o esistance and impedance R = () Y = pow(x, ) * Z= () 8E+2 Y = pow(x,-45113) * 288 4E , khz Fig3 Dependence o capacity on equency 1E+2 8E+1 equency dependence o capacitance C= () Y = pow(x, ) * E+1 4E+1 2E+1 E , khz 43

10 Cente o Pomoting Ideas, USA wwwijastnetcom Fig4 Dependence o elative pemittivity on equency 4E+ 3E+ equency dependence o elative pemitivity = () Y = pow(x,-2491) * E+ 1E+ E , khz Fig5 Dependence o elative pemittivity on moistue content 12E+1 elative humidity dependence o elative pemitivity = ( ) Y = exp(27646 * X) * = 2 khz 8E+ 4E+ E , % 44