Hysteresis Band Controller Based Vector Control Of PMSG For Wind Power

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1 ISSN (Onlne) : ISSN (Prnt) : Interntonl Journl of Innovtve Reserh n Sene, Engneerng nd Tehnology Volume 3, Spel Issue 3, Mrh Interntonl Conferene on Innovtons n Engneerng nd Tehnology (ICIET 14) On 21 st & 22 nd Mrh Orgnzed y K.L.N. College of Engneerng, Mdur, Tml Ndu, Ind Hysteress Bnd Controller Bsed Vetor Control Of PMSG For Wnd Power Nrendr Kumr Jen Applton *1, Swt Smntry* 2, Akshy Ku Ds *3 *1 Deprtment of eletrl engneerng, Sksh O Anusndhn Unversty, Bhunewr, Oh, Ind *2 Deprtment of eletrl engneerng, Sksh O Anusndhn Unversty, Bhunewr, Oh, Ind *3 Deprtment of eletrl engneerng, Sksh O Anusndhn Unversty, Bhunewr, Oh, Ind ABSTRACT In the reent yers Permnent mgnet Synhronous Mhnes hve proved themselves frly sutle to e used s power genertors n vrle speed wnd energy onverson systems. Due to ther hgh power ftor operton nd mntenne free operton these mhnes re gnng ttenton of reserhers nd mnufturers. In ths pper A PMSG sed wnd energy system hs een proposed, where the PMSG s onneted to the grd through two k to k dretonl onverters.ths work only emphszes on the ontrol of the mhne sde onverter nd the d lnk voltge s ssumed to e onstnt. The mhne-sde onverter (MSC) s ontrolled y vetor ontrol strtegy whh employs onventonl PI ontroller nd three hysteress nd ontrollers for the ontrol of torque nd speed. Due to the vetor ontrol strtegy deoupled ontrol of torque nd flux hs een heved n ths pper. The whole modelng nd smulton hs een performed n MATLAB/SIMULINK nd the results hs een nlyzed n the pper. KEYWORDS Permnent mgnet synhronous genertor(pmsg), Vetor ontrol sheme, Hysteress nd ontroller. I. INTRODUCTION Wnd energy s regrded s sgnfnt renewle energy soure n reent yers. These re gettng lot of ttenton, euse they re ost ompettve, envronmentlly len nd sfe renewle energy soures, f we ompre them to fossl fuel nd nuler power generton. Vrle-speed wnd energy systems hve mny dvntges over fxepeed generton suh s nresed energy pture, Operton t mxmum power pont, mproved effeny, nd power qulty [14,16,17].There re severl onfgurtons vlle n vrle speed wnd generton systems [14], the most ommon n hgh power turnes eng the douly fed nduton genertor (DFIG)[18]. In nd the speed s ontrolled through the rotor y dretonl k to k onverter. However permnent mgnet synhronous genertors (PMSG) hve reeved muh ttrton n wnd-energy pplton. Due to the ft of esy relzton of multple pole desgn n synhronous genertors, t provdes relst gerless operton. The sene of gerox nd the lk of movng ontts on the PMSG nrese the rellty nd dereses the mntenne requrements lso enle the wnd energy system to e lght-weght [1-6]. Moreover t hs property of self-extton, whh llows n operton t hgh power ftor nd hgh effeny [1-6]. The use of permnent mgnet n the rotor of the PMSG mkes t unneessry to supply mgnetzng urrent through the sttor for onstnt r-gp flux; the sttor urrent need only to e torque produng. Hene, for the sme output, the PMSG wll operte t hgher power ftor euse of the sene of the mgnetzng urrent nd wll e more effent thn other mhnes [7-13]. A sensor-less sheme s proposed n the whole wnd energy system to further mprove the hrtersts. Prolems relted wth eletromgnet nterferenes n the poston sgnls nd flures n the poston sensor re voded y mplementng the sheme [2]. Adonlly, wnd generton system re not operted t very low spee, therefore the dffultes ssoted wth low k-emf for flux estmton n sensor less strtegy re not severed n ths pplton. The sensor less sheme proposed here s sed on synhronous d-q frme phse-loked loop (PLL) s those used n phse deteton for grd onneted onverters [2]. In ths pper the modellng nd dynm ehvor of dret drven vrle speed medum power sed PMSG hs een emphszed.ths pper hs een emoded wth the onept of vetor ontrol wth hysteress nd ontroller to ontrol the deoupled tve nd retve power. The whole system s smulted n Mtl / Smulnk envronment nd results hve een nlysed.hs doument s templte. ths topology, the sttor s dretly onneted to the grd Copyrght to IJIRSET 173

2 II. SYSTEM OVERVIEW The wnd energy onverson system shown n Fg.3 omprses of wnd turne, PMSG, Hysteress Bnd Current Controller nd PWM dretonl onverter. The output of PMSG s not sutle for use euse t genertes power t vrle voltge nd frequeny due to vrle wnd speed. So t s onverted to onstnt DC voltge t the DC lnk to e dretly used s d soure or for storge or further nverted nto AC nd synhronzed to grd. A vetor ontrolled IGBT sed nverter s used to regulte the speed, tve power nd retve power of the PMSG durng the wnd speed vrton. B m =dmpng oeffent The tve nd retve power tken y the mhne n e represented y the followng equtons P V Q V V V IV. INVERTER MODEL T1 T3 T5 (5) (6) III. MODELING OF PMSG Generlly mhne models re expressed n d-q referene frme, euse f t s modeled n referene frme then the equtons desrng the mhne,nvolves tme vryng ndutnes, so t s omplex to solve y ny nlytl method. To llevte ths shortomngs,y prk s trnsformton the tme vryng mhne equtons re trnsferred to tme nvrnt(d)equtons n synhronously rottng frme. In ths pper d-q referene sed equtons hve een desred [15]. d v r Ld - Lω (1) d v r L Lω (2) Where v =sttor voltge n d-xs v = sttor voltge n q-xs = sttor urrent n d-xs d = sttor urrent n q-xs L = L = L =Sttor Indutne q s =synhronous speed of sttor =Rotor s mgnet flux lnkge And the torque equton for genertor n e gven s 3 3 T e n p n p ( Ld Lq ) (3) 2 2 n =Pr of poles p The rotors of wnd turne nd genertor re onneted dretly, so they n e expressed s dg J Te Tm Bmg (4) Where T = eletromgnet torque, e T = lod torque, m J = rotor nert nludng turne., = mehnl speed of the genertor. g INVERTER Copyrght to IJIRSET T4 T6 T2 Fg.1 Bdretonl PWM onverter struture d A voltge soure nverter s used n order to get the vrle voltge vrle frequeny lterntng urrent supply [16]. A smplfed PWM nverter model dgrm s shown n the Fg.1. Vd V [2s s s ] 6 (7) Vd V [2s s s ] 6 (8) Vd V [2s s s ] 6 (9) Where, V, V, V re the phse voltges, V = DC lnk voltge s s s d 2T1 1 2T 3 1 2T 5 1 Where T1,T3,T5 re the swthes. V. CONROL STRUCTURE The short-omngs of the slr ontrol s tht due to the nherent ouplng effet, the response of the mhnes s sluggsh. So to get rd of the demerts of Slr ontrol, vetor ontrol s used profusely. The vetor ontrol resemles the seprtely exted d mhne nlogy.e. d-xs nd q-xs urrents nlogous to the feld urrent nd rmture urrent respetvely. In ths pper the d-xs omponent of urrent s lgned wth flux vetor nd q- Vd

3 xs omponent urrent s 9 degree hed of t. The d- xs urrent ontrols the retve power nd q-xs urrent ontrols the tve power. So the tve nd retve power re deoupled nd n e ontrolled esly nd ndependently [16]. In the vetor ontrol lok dgrm s shown n the fg() the referene urrent hs een derved from speed ontrol loop. In ths speed ontrol loop PI ontroller hs een used hvng the ontrol struture s shown n the fg().the mthemtl model for PI s u ( t) K e ( t) K e ( t) p (1) Where u(t) s the ontroller output, e s the error, K p nd K re the proportonl nd ntegrl gns of the PI ontroller. Here the rotor ngle θ nd rotor speed ω hs een trked from the genertor nd onverted to ts eletrl equvlent. The error sgnl of the mesured speed nd referene speed s proessed through PI ontroller to get.the d-xs genertor urrent referene s set s, =,euse the rotor flux s suppled y the Permnent Mgnet. The urrent trked from the genertor nd the onversed referene urrents re ompred nd pss through Hysteress Bnd ontroller. The Hysteress Bnd ontroller hs een desred the followng equtons: If e>hb If e<hb (11) Where e=error sgnl U = output of the hysteress nd ontroller HB = hysteress nd wh. In ths work the hysteress nd wh s set to.1 nd t remns onstnt throughout the ontrol proess. Adptve hysteress nd wh shemes re lso vlle ut ths pper doesn t emphsze on ths shemes. The hysteress nd workng s desred y the Fg.2. HB 1 U U 1 HB Fg.3 Hysteress nd ontroller The sgnls generted y the hysteress nd ontroller hve een gven to the Inverter through Swthng Sgnl Genertor. e Wnd Turne PMSG Mhne-sde PWM onverter V d d d/ Swthng Sgnl Generton + PI dq/ e2 e3 e1 U 1 U 2 U 3 Fg.3 Wnd energy onverson system struture wth ontrol Copyrght to IJIRSET 175

4 Torque(Nm) urrent Power Ftor Speed(rd/se) Atve(P) nd Retve power(q) VI. SIMULATION AND RESULTS A. Dynm response wth the step hnge n referene speed. The Fg.4 enttles the speed versus tme hrterst n whh speed overshoots to334rd/se(eletrl) nd settles down wthn.4 se.the system hs een sujeted to step hnge n speed from 314rd/se to 25rd/se t tme 3 se Tme(Se) Fg.4 Speed response durng hnge n referene speed Wthn ths perod the mehnl torque hs een kept onstnt t -25Nm.And t hs een oserved tht the vrton of torque s for trnsent tme nd overomes retnng ts ntl vlue wthn.4se Tme(Se) Fg.5 Eletromgnet torque response durng hnge n referene speed Fg.6 shows the tve nd retve power response of the PMSG. As the speed s redued from 314 rd/se to 25 rd/se the tve power generton drops from -1 wtts to -8 wtts. There s reduton n retve power ut t s not so sgnfnt. Under onstnt torque drve the power ftor hs een oserved tht t remns onstnt exept t devtes slghtly t the hnge of the step tme 3 se. And ths s the euty of vetor ontrol of PMSG usng Hysteress nd urrent ontroller. It s vlue s.99 s oserved n the Fg.7 The Fg.8 depts the PMSG sttor phse urrent hvng mgntude 9.5Amp,when the system s sujeted to speed hnge wth onstnt torque drve. At the trnston tme t 3 se, t overshoots to 44Amp for trnsent tme s oserved n the Fg.8. It n lso e noted tht s the speed redues there s reduton n sttor urrent frequeny Tme(Se) Copyrght to IJIRSET Fg.6 Atve nd retve power durng hnge n referene speed Tme(Se) Fg.7 Power ftor durng hnge n referene speed Tme(se) Fg.8 Phse urrent response durng hnge n referene speed B. Dynm response wth the step hnge n Turne torque. To oserve the dynm ehvour of the PMSG,t hs een sujeted to sudden hnge of mehnl torque from -25Nm to -4Nm.Wth ths onon the speed exurson eses mmedtely to the stedy stte 314rd/se(eletrl) wth mere overshoot nerly 6rd/se t the trnston tme 3 se.

5 Current(Amp) Atve(P) & Retve power(q) Power Ftor Speed(rd/se) Torque(Nm) Tme(Se) Fg.9 Speed response durng hnge n turne torque The torque hrterst oserved n the Fg.1 shows the t settles down to stedy stte wthn trnsent tme of.5 se, whh s qute fst Tme(Se) Fg.1 eletromgnet torque response durng hnge n turne torque P Q Tme(Se) Fg.12 Power ftor durng hnge n turne torque Tme(Se) Fg.11 Atve nd retve response durng hnge n turne torque 15 1 As the system s sujeted to more turne torque the speed ten to nrese ut the referene speed s set t onstnt vlue nd more flux s needed to keep the speed onstnt. But s the rotor s permnent mgnet t s nple of supplyng the extr flux. So the mhne drws more retve power from the grd to generte the extr mount of r-gp flux whh n e noted form Fg.11. As the torque nreses the tve power generton lso nreses nd t s lso evdent from the ove mentoned fgure. As the PMSG drws some retve power,so ts power ftor s out.99.and lso fter the sudden hnge of the Turne torque, the power ftor hnges to.97.so the power ftor s mntned onstnt nerer to unty y the Hysteress nd urrent ontroller s shown n the Fg.12. The Fg.13,gves the phse urrent of the PMSG. The phse urrent under the mpt of mehnl torque- 25Nm hs een oserved9.5amp.and wth sudden hnge of torque -4Nm t nreses to13amp Tme(Se) Fg.13 Phse urrent response durng hnge n turne torque VII. CONCLUSION The wnd energy system employng PMSG s the wnd power genertor hs een suessfully modeled nd smulted n the proposed work. The result nlyss lerly shows tht the vetor ontrol strtegy for the ontrol of the mhne sde onverter works well, whh n turn enles deoupled ontrol of torque nd speed. The power ftor t whh the PMSG genertes power s ove.95 whh s qute good, n wnd energy system pont of vew. The system gves qute fst response whh proves the proposed model s effent for vrle speed wnd power extrton. Copyrght to IJIRSET 177

6 APPENDIX Tle-I ontroller Kp K PI Tle-II Poles (P) = 4 Rted KW : 6 Rted Current: 12 A Rted voltge: 34 V Rted speed, N=6rpm Sttor resstne, R s =.425 Ω Rotor flux =.433 w Inert of rotor, J=.2kgm Sttor Indutne, Ld =Lq =.84 H Dmpng Ftor, B= N-rd/se REFERENCES 1]. Shuhu L, Senor Memer, IEEE, Tmothy A. Hskew, Senor Memer, IEEE, Rhrd P. Swtlosk,nd Wllm Gthngs Optml nd Dret-Current Vetor Control of Dret-Drven PMSG Wnd Turnes IEEE Trnstons On Power Eletrons, Vol. 27, No. 5, My 212. [2]. S. M. Muyeen, Memer, IEEE, Ron Tkhsh, Memer, IEEE, Toshk Murt, nd Junj Tmur, Senor Memer, IEEE A Vrle Speed Wnd Turne Control Strtegy to Meet Wnd Frm Grd Code Requrements IEEE Trnstons On Power Systems, Vol. 25, No. 1, Ferury 21 [3] Yng Lyong, Yun Pee, Chng Zhenguo, Chen Zhgng, L Zhengx College of Mehnl Eletronl nd Engneerng North Chn Unversty of Tehnology Shjngshn, Bejng, Chn A Novel Control Strtegy of Power Converter Used To Dret Drven Permnent Mgnet Wnd Power Generton System 29 2nd Interntonl Conferene on Power Eletrons nd Intellgent Trnsportton System. [4] M. Sngh1 V. Khdkkr2 A. Chndr1 Grd synhronston wth hrmons nd retve power ompenston plty of permnent mgnet synhronous genertor-sed vrle speed wndenergy onverson system Pulshed n IET Power Eletrons Reeved on 13th My 29 Revsed on 6th Novemer 29. [5] Sho Zhng, Student Memer, IEEE, Kng-Jet Tseng, Senor Memer, IEEE,D. Mhnd Vlthgmuw, Senor Memer, IEEE, Trong Duy Nguyen, Student Memer, IEEE, nd Xo-Yu Wng, Memer, IEEE Desgn of Roust Grd Interfe System for PMSG-Bsed Wnd Turne Genertors IEEE Trnstons On Industrl Eletrons, Vol. 58, No. 1, Jnury 211. [6] Md. Enmul Hque, Memer, IEEE, Mhel Negnevtsky, Senor Memer, IEEE, nd Kshem M. Muttq, Senor Memer, IEEE A Novel Control Strtegy for Vrle-Speed Wnd Turne Wth Permnent-Mgnet Synhronous Genertor IEEE Trnstons On Industry Appltons, Vol. 46, No. 1, Jnury/Ferury 21 [7] H. Hung C. Mo J. Lu D. Wng Smll-sgnl modellng nd nlyss of wnd turne wth dret drve permnent mgnet synhronous genertor onneted to power grd Pulshed n IET Renewle Power enerton Reeved on 23rd Novemer 21 Revsed on 2nd August 211. [8] Y. Errm, Student Memer IEEE, M. Oussd, Memer, IEEE Modellng nd Control Strtegy of PMSG sed Vrle Speed Wnd Energy Converson System. [9] Derong Luo, Ynzho Sun,Shoudo Hung, Keyun Hung College of Eletrl &Informton Engneerng, Hunn Unversty, Chngsh, 4182, Chn Control of ret-drve Permnent-Mgnet Wnd Power System Conneted to Grd [1] Z. Xu, P. Ge, Dnguo Xu nd C.H.Zhng Senor Memer, IEEE Hrn Insttute of Tehnology 151Hrn, Chn Dret Torque nd Flux Control of the Converters for Permnent Mgnet Wnd Power Generton System. [11] Sheng-Hu L nd Chng-Mng Lw, Memer, IEEE On the DSP- Bsed Swth-Mode Retfer Wth Roust Vryng-Bnd Hysteress PWM Sheme IEEE Trnstons On Power Eletrons, Vol. 19, No. 6, Novemer 24. [12] Amy Nk, B.Chtt Bu, nd A.K.Pnd Deprtment of Eletrl Engneerng, Ntonl Insttute of Tehnology, Rourkel Improved Performne of Adptve Hysteress Current Controller Bsed Vetor Control of PMSM Drve System Proeedng of the 211 IEEE Students' Tehnology Symposum Jnury, 211, IIT Khrgpur. [13] Cro Attnese, Senor Memer, IEEE, Muro D Mono, nd Guseppe Tomsso, Assote Memer, IEEE Hgh Performne Dgtl Hysteress Control for Sngle Soure Csded Inverters IEEE Rnstons On Industrl Informts, Vol. 9, No. 2, My 213. [14] S. N. Bhdr, D. Ksth, nd S.Bnerjee, Wnd Eletrl Systems, Oxford Unversty Press, New Delh, 25 [15] P.C Kruse, O.Wsynzuk, S.D.Sudhoff, Anlyss of Eletrl Mhnery, John Wley nd sons Pulton, IEEE Press [16] Peter Vs, Sensor-less vetor ontrol nd Dret Torque ontrol, Oxford Unversty Press, New Delh [17] B.K Bose modern power eletrons nd drves Prente-Hll Pulton,Englewood Clffs,New Jersey,1986 [18] A.Tp, G.Tp, J.Ostolz, Modelng nd Control of Wnd Turne Drven Douly Fed Induton Genertor, IEEE Trns on Energy Conv.Vol-18,No-2,June-23 Copyrght to IJIRSET 178