First Refresher Course in Materials Preparation and Measurement of Properties at Jalahalli, Bangalore, May 6-21, 2014

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1 First Refresher Course in Materials Preparation and Measurement of Properties at Jalahalli,, May 6-21, 2014 Materials Science is an interdisciplinary area involving physics, chemistry and metallurgy. We have seen in the last hundred years tremendous advances in materials science. New materials have revolutionized the life of the common man. There is current interest in the study of nano-materials as they have great promise in various applications. It was felt that many universities may like to start MSc courses in materials science if an inexpensive kit could be developed for a reasonably good laboratory programme. Following our success with the Refresher Courses in Experimental Physics, it was decided to embark on a programme to develop a Refresher Course in Materials Preparation and Measurement of various properties. This is a programme which will help teachers start an MSc Materials Science Course with good laboratory experiments to support the Course. This will not be a research level Course as this would need many costly equipment and expertise. The emphasis in this Course is to deal with materials which have applications as sensors, actuators, transducers etc and to measure the properties that make them suitable for such applications. For example, one can have a range of ferrites from soft to hard. The difference in property values will be shown and properties suitable for such application will be explained. After the Course was announced, an unusually large numbers of over 280 applications were received from teachers/students all over the country. Since the number of participants has to be restricted to 30, 25 teachers and 5 students were selected for participation. The number of actual participants was 22 teachers and 3 students. This first Course dealt with only the preparation of thin films by evaporation and DC sputtering, as our experience is only limited to physics. It is possible that in later Courses we may introduce materials preparation using other techniques. But right now we are constrained by space and infrastructure. We have therefore limited ourselves to simple electrical, magnetic and thermal characterization techniques. X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy, ESCA, EDAX, scanning microscopy techniques and other such characterization facilities are beyond our capabilities. We want to be selective in the choice of properties to be measured. Properties relevant to applications were introduced in this Course. These included: measurement of electrical resistivity using four-probe technique, effect of alloying copper with nickel on the temperature coefficient of resistance and thermopower, study of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity, study of dielectric properties of polymer film, sintered pellets and PZT, change in dielectric constant as barium titanate undergoes paraelectric to ferroelectric

2 transition, piezoelectric properties of PZT, and thermoelectric power of semiconductors; measurement of B-H loop in a hard magnetic material and in a soft ferrite sample. Phase transitions in nickel when it changes from para- to ferromagnetic state, phase transition in a specimen of shape-memory alloy; phase transition in potassium nitrate through differential thermal analysis; in the case of studies below room temperature: metal-insulator transition in strontium-doped lanthanum manganite and superconducting transition in YBCO. As with the Refresher Courses in Experimental Physics, our aim will be to develop a kit of relatively inexpensive equipment with which a reasonable laboratory programme in material science can be organized in colleges. We hope that with the support of teachers and students who will participate in this and future courses we will be able to achieve success. The list of participants, the time table of the Course and a group photograph taken during the Course follow. Sl. No Science Academies' Refresher Course on Materials Preparation and Measurement of Properties 06 May 21 May 2014 at IASc, Name and affiliation Mr SUDHEENDRA KULKARNI KLS Gogte Institute of Technology Belgaum Mr VIJEESH P. The Cochin College Kochi Ms JENICE GOVEAS St. Aloysius College Mangalore Mr ANAND KUMAR University College, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra Mr T. CHANDRA SHEKHARA SHETTY St Aloysius College Mangalore Ms SUNITHA A. P. Govt. Victoria College Palakkad Ms KHAN NEHA SALIM University of Mumbai Mumbai Dr LATHA PANAKKADA Providence Women's College Calicut List of Participants

3 Mr BHASKARJYOTI BARUAH Debraj Roy College Golaghat Dr BINU P. J. K.M.M. Govt. Women's College Kannur Dr BALAPRASAD ANKAMWAR University of Pune Pune Mr TALARI SAMUEL Govt. College Rajahmundry Dr Sr. JESSY MATHEW N. Mercy College Palakkad Dr ISON V. VANCHIPURACKAL St. Thomas College Pala Dr RAJ KISHORE MISHRA Maharshi College of Natural Law Bhubaneswar Dr A. KUMARAVEL K.S. Rangasamy College of Technology Tiruchengode Mr MUDDANAGIRI RAVI KANTH Rajah RSRK Ranga Rao College Bobbili Mr KRISHNAKUMAR MUTHUSAMY University college of Engineering Ramanathapuram Dr PRAGYA AGARWAL D.B.S. College Kanpur Ms. M. MANGALA GOWRI University College of Science, Tumkur University Tumkur Dr SHILPA PANDE Laxminarayan Institute of Technology Nagpur Dr STERLIN LEO HUDSON Central University of Tamil Nadu Thiruvarur Mr ARUN D. University of Mysore Mysore Mr N.M. SEGU SAHUBAN BATHUSHA Syed Hameedha Arts and Science College Kilakarai 25 Mr ANKAM RAGHAVENDRA RAO

4 26 T.J.P.S. College (PG Courses) Guntur Dr SARBARI BHATTACHARYA University TIME TABLE REGISTRATION: MAY 6, 2014 BETWEEN 9-30 AND Hrs: (L denotes lecture number) to to to to to to Day and date Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Tuesday Registra- Inauguration SB AB Sarbari SB 6 May 14 tion (L2) (L1) (L5) (L3) 9-30 to to to to to to Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Wednesday Sarbari AP SB Sarbari AP TGR 7 May 14 (L6) (L12) (L4) (L7) (L13) (L15) Thursday AP TGR SD TGR SD EK 8 Mayy 14 (L14) (L16) (L10) (L17) (L11) (L8) Friday TGR EK TGR RS TGR RS 9 Mayy 14 (L18) (L9) (L19) (L21) (L20) (L22) Saturday SPL1 LABORATORY LABORATORY 10 May 14 Sunday 11 May 14 HOLIDAY Monday SPL2 LABORATORY LABORATORY 12 May 14

5 Day & Date 9-30 to to Hrs 14 to Hrs Hrs Tuesday RS LABORATORY LABORATORY 13 May 14 (L23) Wednesday SPL3 LABORATORY LABORATORY 14 May 14 Thursday RS LABORATORY LABORATORY 15 May 14 (L24) Friday SPL4 LABORATORY LABORATORY 16 May 14 Saturday Discussion LABORATORY LABORATORY 17 May 14 Sunday 18 May 14 HOLIDAY Monday SPL5 LABORATORY LABORATORY 19 May 14 Tuesday Discussion LABORATORY LABORATORY 20 May 14 Wednesday Discussion Valedictory 21 May 14 LUNCH HRS COFFEE/TEA BREAK TO HRS (Except on 6 May 2014) TO HRS SPL are special lectures to be delivered by specialists 1. Crystal Growth Prof. H.L. Bhat 2. Piezoelectric materials Prof. Umarji 3. Ferroelectric materials Prof. K.B.R. Verma 4. Ultrahigh temperature materials Dr. V. Shubha 5. Ceramics for Society Dr. T.S.Kannan

6 LIST OF LECTURES Sri Arun Baligan (AB) NAL, 1. Pelletizer Dr Seeta Bharati (SB) 2. Constant current source and DC differential amplifier 3. TCR of Cu-Ni alloys 4. Thermal and electrical conductivity of copper and thermal conductivity of a poor conductor Dr Sarbari Bhattacharya (Sarbari) University, 5. Preparation of thin film by evaporation 6. Preparation of thin film by DC sputtering 7. Photovoltaic cell Dr Soma Dutta (SD) NAL, 8. Mechanical alloying of thermoelectric materials 9. Para- to ferroelectric transition in barium titanate Sri Anil Pugalia (AP) Dr T.G. Ramesh (TGR) NAL, Prof. R. Srinivasan (RS) Mysore 10. L-C-R-Bridge 11. Lock-in amplifier 12. AC susceptibility 13. Van der Pau four-probe technique for resistivity measurement 14. Thermoelectric effects in metals and semiconductors Thermoelectric effects in metals and semiconductors Phase transitions in nickel and its alloys 17. Tracing phase transition in shape memory alloy by resistance 18. DTA for study of phase transitions 19. Thermal diffusivity of brass 20. B-H Loop 21. Dielectric measurements 22. Piezoelectric constant measurement 23. Closed cycle refrigerator for low temperatures: Superconductivity SPL are special lectures to be delivered by eminent scientists 1. Crystal growth Prof. H.L. Bhat 2. Piezoelectric materials Prof. A.M. Umarji 3. Ferroelectric materials Prof. K.B.R. Varma (not confirmed) 4. Ultrahigh temperature materials Dr. V. Shubha 5. Ceramics for society Dr. T.S. Kannan

Participants : L-R, bottom row Neha Salim Khan; T D Mahabaleshwar (IAS); Jenice Goveas; Sarbari Battacharya; R Srinivasan; T G Ramesh; Elankumaran Kannan; G Madhavan (IAS); Talari Samuel; Gowri O

7 Participants : L-R, bottom row Neha Salim Khan; T D Mahabaleshwar (IAS); Jenice Goveas; Sarbari Battacharya; R Srinivasan; T G Ramesh; Elankumaran Kannan; G Madhavan (IAS); Talari Samuel; Gowri O (IAS); Raj Kishore Mishra; Jessy Mathew N; Mangala Gowri; Latha P; Sunitha AP; Shilpa A Pande; K Geetha (IAS); Pragya Agarwal; Ison V Vanchipurackal; Gangadharaiah (IAS); M Krishnakumar; Balaprasad Ankamwar; Anand Kumar; Ankam Raghavendra Rao; N M Segu Sahuban Bathusha; Sterlin Leo Hudson; Chandra Shekhara S T; Muddanagiri Ravi Kanth; A Kumaravel; Ravindra (IAS); Bhaskarjyoti Baruah; Arun D; Vijeesh P; Binu P J; Sudheendra S Kulkarni; Ananth (IAS).

Science Academies XLIV Refresher course on Experimental Physics. during. 4 th December -19 th December 2012

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