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nvestigation on the Effect of stack Height on Solar Chimney Power Plant Operation, Using CFD Method A. R. Elhami Amiri Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Jolfa International Branch, Aras free trade & Industrial zone, Jolfa, Iran B. Najjar Ahmadi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Jolfa International Branch, Aras free trade & Industrial zone, Jolfa, Iran Abstract Without any doubt, energy production based on renewable energies is one of the most effective methods in the near future. Solar chimney power plant is a relative novel technology for electricity production from solar energy. The solar chimney power plant is a simple power plant which is capable of converting solar energy into thermal energy in the solar collector. In the second stage, the generated thermal energy is converted into kinetic energy in the chimney and ultimately into electric energy using a combination of a wind turbine and coupled generator. In this study, a 3D-numerical method is used to evaluating of Stack height on solar chimney power plant operation and then presenting a matched relation between height and power generation. The results show that the stack height has direct influence on flow field characteristics and then on the power output of power plant. Key Words: Solar Chimney, Stack Height, Energy Storage, Manzanares Spain., 7*. `& : 4 &, 7*. L b,. & ) L 4 FU &,4 7 &. " =0, 0 /; 0 ).,. 0!] (!"C "B *0= 0 3-,.!& & J ), 0,4,,/; 6!,.: &,"./0 ]0 #./ ) 46 [; & * "B "= collector &,/; 6 B. /,Z "4, 0 &0 &, > $ E[ : %,,&!.,.0 G \ " & ( 4!, 7& 4,4 G4 ". &.,& "4,47,4L4! ]0 E[ *^,,./0 FU & 4 <% 4L4 "B _L.-,.$ "E G \!L *^ 0 "H F0 L FU &,47./0,. / 0 0, P, `,4<, a)(. D 0 & * elhamiam@yahoo.com:
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5 ,"(- N.0,. g *B 7 K/) : 7 = 0& 6 L KC B simple c T$ & %: B _]E 0 <, 0.(8 ( & R % &, 7*, 0 N _]E & %: E, 0 Body Force Weighted Y velocity ( m/s ) chimney height ( m ). 7 ) 4, 0 F; ٢١۵٠٠٠٠ ٣۵٠٠٠٠٠ ۶۴٠٠٠٠٠ ٨۵٠٠٠٠٠./00 /% 0,!8 3M E4 0*I( & S%,*%(-7F [; [kg/m 3 ]$5 Z 7 [j/kg.k] 7 [w/m.k] L [kg/m.s] }? g [/k] 7 0*4 3*%& E* R b*45-e 4 Boussinesq / / 07-5 / 84 e 0 / 003 b; UDF 840 UDF - - %/ 5! 0 Y : *^ D 0 L, E./0!H 6 <; B./ :g b; 0 %, 7 KH,& / B. * B / 4 *^ 0 T(,E0 0 :& _B * Ra=Gr 6 (5) static temperature ( K ) chimney height ( m ) ٧۴٠٠٠٠ ٣۵٠٠٠٠٠ ۶۴٠٠٠٠٠ ٨۵٠٠٠٠٠./00 /% 0,!8 3M E4 0*I( & 0,*%(-8F B DEF G ø ) H B 0 G5 0 0 <( & *( 4, 0 $"4 E H ( E 4!% i /0, 0 S 4 =0 H 0 $"4 9 </ / : 7 D. / Gr=gβ T H; ν Pr= ρc? k K! 00./ P /0 0 & B 9]"E D 0 g(.: 7 D )/ 0 T. / ) A (6) (7) <; K RNG ( &.0,& / :/ `> & _[ 0 k-ε K, 0 0Q? g H C =.4, C =.68 7 H 3 </ & VU, 4,& / 0 b; u"b?( 0 6 5,.*/ & b;, 4ƒ $5 &, ff %: 0 0 VU %: C "4.. / Y : K ,." P E! 0 D 0 = 4 & <= /! / 7 K* 0 0 R,B <( V *^? *^ `*F / <"B 0,4 0 & I / & K'H R 0../ >% E!" Rayleigh number discretized 5
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10 < B ( m/s ) & 6 7 `/ ( w ) ;! ( j/kg. ο K )0Q %: Z 7 : ƒ ( w/m. ο K ) 7 ( w/m. ο K ) : "4, 7KH? g ( m/s )! B E0 0 %: :? g ( m ) P) ( m ) PE/! 7 " ( m ) >g ( / ο K) 7}? g ( ο K) ( ο c ) G'; ( N/m ) %: G'; ( m /s ) " L ( kg/m 3 ) $5! )" 4 &!! ( 0, ) 6, 6,0 0 * b; %/ Pr G N C p K h U F H R R T β T p ν ρ η M j* - a Sky Sta Stagnation k*% B T W C S g [] Cabanyes I., Proyecto de motor solar, Magazine La Energía Eléctrica (in Spanish), TH QO 6 P) S 0 R TH QO <B "4 EC /37!,4!,C 0./ 4; 7 V,!!L ( C T.,4 &!B 0 6 P) & & 7! E $0 4 0 R. 0 N T./0 E! 7 R /09E e f =.09 h66.8 k = & 6 P) 6L: / Pg 0! < U. 3 / 4> 0 U! 6L: U <v K.0 4;,& U & 6 P) 6L: P) 0 47,! 9 H /!% P) 0 47! _*.0 4; _* (9) H 506 %( & P8O 3<4( V*4( :& S%,*%(-3 E 6 P) [m] /000)!(* ]0 B [m/s] 6 / 65 7 / 05 8 / 07 8 / 35 8 / 6 8 / 86 9 / 9 / 33 9 / 54,! [W] 7056 / / / 3049 / / / / / / / 3%6 8 9 QO 6 P) S 4!% 0 R!,4 0 L 0!L / /37,/; 6 7 X*>,4"= "4 L(./0 6 P) 0 0,! 7 V,!!L 0 P) TH QO!!L P) 6L: 0 K!B 0./0 R <*U.0 6L: [ 80!L 0 9 H, ( 4!% -!,$, 7 </ ". 0 <B b;!l ; 0 0 L /0 0 & 4 37!L. 4; = ; QO U! ( ο K ) ( ο c) * B X/ 7 B M0 Phi 0 T Ra Gr... 0 & _/E,B **U *"B 6 P) S _ QO 0 30
11 ,"(- N.0,. g *B 3 [7] AbebayehuAssefa I., Daba R., Modeling and simulation of solar chimney power plant with and without the effect of thermal energy storage systems, M. Sc. Thesis, Addis Ababa institute of technology, 0. [8] Adrian Bejag, Allan D. Kraus, Heat Transfer Handbook, John Wiley, 003 [] Günther H., In hundert Jahren - Die künftige Energieversorgung der Welt, Stuttgart Kosmos, Gesellschaft der Naturfreunde. M. Sc. Thesis, German,93. [3] Australia"Apparatus for "converting Solar to Electrical Energy, Canada"Utilization of Solar Energy", Israel"System and Apparatus for Converting Solar Heat to Electrical Energy", USA System for converting solar heat to electrical energy". [4] Solar_Chimney_Manzanares [5] Mills D., Advances in solar thermal electricity technology, Int. J. Solar Energy, Vol.76, pp. 9 3, 004. [6] Haaf W., Friedrich K., Mayr G., Schlaich J., Solar chimneyspart I: principle and construction of the pilot plant in Manzanares, Int. J. Sol Energy, Vol., pp. 3-0, 983. [7] Haaf W., Solar chimneys-part II: preliminary test result from Manzanares pilot plant, Int. J. Sol Energy, Vol., pp.4-6,984. [8] Schlaich J. "The Solar Chimney, Electricity From The Sun", Edition Axel Menges, Stuttgart, Germany 995. [9] Schlaich J., Schiel W., "Solar Chimneys", in RA Meyers (ed), Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, 3rd Edition, Academic Press, London 00. [0] Kreetz H., Theoretische Untersuchungen und Auslegung eins temporaren wasserspeichers fur das Aufwindkraftwerk, diploma thesis,technical University Berlin, Berlin, 997. [] Gannon A., Backstrom J., Solar Chimney Cycle Analysis with System Loss and Solar Collector Performance, Int. J. of Solar Energy engineering, Vol., pp , 000. [] Ruprecht A., Stromung Stechnische Gestaltung eines Aufwin dkrafwerks (fluid dynamic design of a solar updraft power plant), Proceedings of the International Symposium uber Anwendungen der Informatik und Mathematik in Architektur und Bauwesen, June 0-, Bauhaus - University Weimar, Germany, 003. [3] Dos santos B., Weinrebe G., "Thermal and technical analysis of solar chimney Int. J. of Solar Energy, vol.75, pp. 5-54, 003. [4] Kasaeian A.B., Heidari E., NasiriVatan Sh. Experimental investigation of climatic effects on the efficiency of a solar chimney pilot power plant, Int. J. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 5, pp , 0. [5] [6] Hurtado F.J., Kaiser A.S., Zamora B., Evaluation of the influence of soil thermal inertia on the performance of a solar chimney power plant, Int. J. Energy, Vol. 47, pp. 3-4, 0. [7] Zhou X., Yang J., Xiao B., Hou G., Xing F., Analysis of chimney height for solar chimney power plant, Int. J. Appl Thermal Eng., Vol. 9, pp , 009. [8] Gholamalizadeh E., Mansouri S. H., A comprehensive approach to design and improve a solar chimney power plant: A special case Kerman project, Int. J. Applied Energy, Vol.0, pp , 03. [9] Koonsrisuk A., Chitsomboon T., A single dimensionless variable for solar chimney power plant modeling, Int. J. Solar Energy, Vol. 83, pp , 009. [0] Sangi R., Amidpour M., Hosseinizadeh B., Modeling and numerical simulation of solar chimney power plants, Int. J. Solar Energy,Vol. 85, pp , 0. [] Guo P., Li J., Wang Y., Liu Y., Numerical analysis of the optimal turbine pressure drop ratio in a solar chimney power plant, Int. J. Solar Energy, Vol. 98, pp. 4 48,03. [] Peng-hua G., Jing-yin L., Yuan W., Numerical simulations of solar chimney power plant with radiation model, Int. J. Renewable Energy,Vol. 6, pp. 4 30, 04. [3] Koonsrisuk A., Chitsomboon T., Partial geometric similarity for solar chimney power plant modeling, Int. J. Solar Energy, Vol.83, pp. 6 68, 009. [4] Sangi R. Performance evaluation of solar chimney power plants in Iran, Int. J. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 6, pp , 0. [5] Asnaghi A., Ladjevardi S.M., Solar chimney power plant performance in Iran, Int. J. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 6, pp , 0. [6] Gholamalizadeh E., Kim M.H., Three-dimensional CFD analysis for simulating the greenhouse effect in solar chimney power plants using a two-band radiation model, Int. J. Renewable Energy, Vol. 63,pp ,04.
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