Aircraft level assessment of contrail mitigation
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1 Aircraft level assessment of contrail mitigation Jean-Charles Khou Weeded Ghedhaifi, Xavier Vancassel Emmanuel Montreuil, François Garnier 8th November 2016
2 Objectives Simulation tool Improving the characterization and prediction of macroscopic and microscopic properties of contrails Developing strategies for technological and operational mitigation Positioning Study of contrails forming mechanisms, in the near-field of the aircraft 2 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
3 Objectives 3D spatial CFD simulation with code CEDRE of ONERA Development of a multi-physics simulation tool: Aerodynamics Plume s chemistry Microphysics Coupling processes Taking into account a realistic geometry of a commercial aircraft 3 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
4 Models description Engines emission 4 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
5 Models description Jet/vortex interaction 5 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
6 Models description Chemical processes 6 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
7 Models description Microphysics processes 7 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
8 Models description Aerodynamic models Navier-Stokes equations Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Approach K-l Turbulence model Chemical kinetics scheme Complex gas phase chemical reactions mechanism (Kärcher et al., 1996) 22 species (SOx, NOx, HOx, COx) 60 reactions 8 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
9 Models description Microphysics processes Particles transport using an Eulerian approach Passive scalar representing the particle number density N s Soot activation by adsorption of H 2 SO 4 and SO 3 molecules Evaluation of the number of impaction between acid molecules and soot particles Surface fraction of activated particles θ ads = n SO 3ads + n H 2 SO 4 ads σ 0 Hypothesis: Condensation limited to the activated part of the soot particle 9 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
10 Models description Microphysics processes Condensation/Evaporation of water onto soot particles: Evaluation of the Condensation/Evaporation rate depending on Water saturation Properties of the ice particles (Diameter, Concentration) Taking into account the Kelvin effect 10 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
11 Geometry B737 type aircraft Double-flow engine Core exit Bypass exit Using the symmetry of the aircraft Computational domain 4 wingspans Age of the plume: 0.5 s 11 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
12 Meshes Surface mesh of the aircraft ½ span cross section Area of refined mesh Wake vortices Jet Jet/vortex interaction ~ 27 million cells 1 span cross section 12 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
13 Initial and boundary conditions Cruise conditions feet altitude P = Pa T = 219 K Speed 252 m/s Ambient air relative humidity HR = 60% Core flow V = 480 m/s T = 580 K Monodispersed soot N s = #/m 3 r s = 20 nm Exhaust gas Engine CFM-56 (Garnier et al., 1997) Bypass flow V = 311 m/s T = 253 K 13 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
14 Simulation results Soot Ice particles Suphur molecules Supersaturated areas Fuel Relative Sulphur humidity: Content: % ppm 14 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
15 Sensitivity study Soot emission concentration N s = / #. m /11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
16 Impact of soot emission concentration Distance evolution of the fraction of particles in supersaturated area Distance evolution of the number of ice particles 16 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
17 Impact of soot emission concentration + τ v = න πr 2 p N s Q ext r p dz Distance evolution of particles mean radius Distance evolution of contrail s optical thickness 17 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
18 Impact of soot emission concentration Contrail visibility Visibility criteria: τ v > 0,01 N s = #. m 3 N s = #. m ppm 18 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
19 Impact of soot emission concentration Sensitivity study results Distance evolution of contrail cross section area Reduction of soot emission indices should lead in the near field to: Smaller concentration of ice particles Less opaque contrail Less spread contrail 19 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
20 Conclusions Achievement of a comprehensive contrails formation simulation tool First 3D spatial simulation in the near field taking into account aerodynamic-chemical-microphysics interaction with a complete aircraft geometry Analysis of the role of soot emission indices, relative humidity (Khou et al., 2015), and Fuel Sulphur Content (Khou et al., 2016) 20 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
21 Ongoing work Geometry impact studies For example: Engine position Original position Shifted position Size and type of jet aircrafts and engines 21 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
22 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 08/11/2016 FORUM-AE Workshop Jean-Charles Khou
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