specifically. THE D I S A B L I N G FRAMEWORK

Transcription

1 28 Uytenbogaardt p o i n t s o ut t h e human d e v e l o p m e n t p lace a s s i s t s p l a n n e r 's r e s p o n s ib ility If t h i s m a n ' s d e v e lo p m e n t e c o n o m i c a l l y ' toger th e i n d i v i d u a l I socially He a l s o s t r e s s e s e le m e n t s towns Mix o f e l e m e n t s l e a d s t o d i v e r s e and t h e n e e d to activities jola s p e a k s o-f town e l e m e n t s a s s q u a r e s and h a r b o u r s p u b l ic realm terestg p u b lic dtribution Dave Dewar d e f i n e s s p a t i a l s p a c e s and movement r o u t e s population and t h e l a n d u s e s t h a t flank a p l a c e o-f logic i s route based Spatial structure i n t e n s i t y activity r e s u l t s b u i l t Dewar t e l l s us local areas flows to t h a t t h e p a r t s harbour - e s t a b l i s h Thi< s 15 and e n g e n d e r s 15 (t h r e s h aids th ro ug h Economic a c t i v i t y r e s p o n d s < th e c i t y - s q u a r e and R ppnpa fabric becom e e n t r e n c h e d r e l a t i o n s h i p p h y sic al term s urban all an d t h e movement p a t t e r n an e n a b l i n g f ra m e w o r k whilst th e h a r b o u r an d square t h e r o u t e or movement p a t t e r n t h e mecl anm Dependent on th e s p a t i a l be eith e r an e n a b l i n g enablg fr a m e w o r k T he u r b a n i s m i s w hat c o n c e r n s t h e u r b a n d e s i g n e r * * h arrangement fram ew ork THE D I S A B L I N G FRAMEWORK f o r movement irrnfrr-irrw upholds itiated only b egn g T h i s movement p a t t e r n t h e s p o n t a n e o u s growth o f action some r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h one a n o t h e r ler s e t s up a p a t t e r n creasgly it and a c t i v i t y taken specifically to t h r e s h o l d s What t h i s m eans i s becomes r e a l i s e d T h i s th en fr»r-ir U y te n b o g a a r d t B ut t h i s Econ om ic a d v a n t a g e i s O v e r tim e t h i s p a t t e r n are pots t h e i r money to c i t y d e t e r m i n e s th e p a t t e r n s and p o p u l a t i o n s and f i n a n c i a l a c i t y and t h r o u q n and c o n v e n i e n c e U y te n b o g a a r d t fact g enerates urban f a b r i c th e m Movement hecomes a f o r m a t i v e s t r u c t u r e t h e dynamic o f buildg 14 people c i t i e s relationship U y te n b o g a a r d t and r e a c t i o n c o n f i g u r a t i on stru c tu re as ir politically to a c h i e v e u rb an - ty U y te n b o g a a r d t Gui Movg w i t h i s t o b e s o n t h e c i t y t o o must b e a e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y and e d u c a t i o n a l l y brg a s s i s t i n g t h e to w n a dablg t h e fr am e w o r k fr am ew ork w ill

2 The d i s a b l i n g -framework i s facilities r e s u lt s a low d e n s i t y s t r u c t u r e w i t h from t h e u s e o f seeks to c r e a te c e n t r a l l y fo c u sse d th a t sense community i s livg a planng areas adequate construct wardly oriantad l iv g araaa b a s e d on a b e l i e f s t r e n g t h e n e d by s p a t i a l olation Economic A s p e c t s or th u D i s a b l i n g d crete blob* separated by Framework highways S u b- re g io nal dividual results shoppg c e n t r e s h o l d m o n o p o l i e s on t r a d e b e c a u s e SIR traders c a n 't com pete at t h i s low d e n s i t y t h r e s h o l d Incomes from o t h e r a r e a s a r e n t a k e n h i g h p r i c e s * o t h e area where th e sub- regional come l e a k i n g i n c u r s what i s shoppg centre i s from on e a r e a t o a n o t h e r called larg e rango d t a n c e people are prepared to travel f a c i l i t y or f u n c t i o n d e f es a spatial The n e t e f f e c t as to structure Dewar Sc W ats o n t h e maximum ( i? t o e x p e r i e n c e an a c t i v i t y PLANNING CONSTRUCT FOR d im e n s i o n current planng flo w s over T h i s r e s u l t s KM sp atial Ra ng e i s g i v e n CONTEHEUWEL i d e a s and so w i d e an a r e a as t o r e d u c e THE ENABLING FRAMEWORK Dewar & W ats o n The e n a b l i n g livg fr has a h igh d e n s i t y e n v i r o n m e n t l t h a s more f a c i l i t i e s p rices t h e s h o p s a r e kept around t h e l e v e l service to a mimum higher structu re with ( s 113 a h um an s c a l e T h r o u g h more c o m p e t i t i o n W it h a l l > se f a c i l i t i e s

3 * - local area major route PLANNING CONSTRUCTS THAT CAUSE PROBLEMS FOR THE EX IST AN CE OF? /* W icononic advantage at pota o f hi'>» ft TRUE URBANISM G ' 'ire she Id a The P r o v i s i o n F u l l Hierarchies - D a v id Dewar m a i n t a i n s t h a t Dewar Watson W here a m ajor r o u t e p a s s e s th r o u g h a p a r t i c u l a r g r a v i t a t e to w a r d s th e r o u t e a s i t Traffic area traffic i s t h e most l o g i c a l choice spot full will full- range are dpersed herent locate r e l a t i o n activities be tw e e n t h e r o u t e and s u r r o u n d i n g u s e s i s set up adequate t h r e s h o ld s support Ja n e Jaco bs r e f e r s Dewar & Watson low-com e a r e a s t o o many l e v e l s o f T h i s m eans t h a t le v e l \A and lo w e st l e v e l s d o e s n 't b 127 tau<e'4dvjtntage flows and leak keep p r i c e s down i Location 5RAP* OF LAND VALUES RELATED Tt> iccessabilitt UMiht ii»iunn»» y i i i t shops ( l c lowest and c o m p e t i t i o n would k e e p s money i n Dewar f e e l s t h e com m unity and C 1981 s 117 dsipation land use z o n i n g i s a f a c t o r t h a t f u r t h e r a d d s t o t h e f l o w s e s s e n t i a l to t h e c r e a t i o n o f t h e e n a b l i n g f r a m e w o r k He l i s t s t h r e e p o i n t s th a t herent z o n i n g dividual self terest practe p o s s i b i l i t y use demonstrate t h e e x i s t s one person an u n s p e c i f i e d length a top down a p p r o a c h t h e c o m p l e x i t i e s and f i n e g r a i n location i n t o t h e sh op s i n t h e w e a l t h y a r e a s sym p tom atic * 125 c e n tre a re com petg > land ( Z o n g i major Because At t h e Dewar 8c W atson to s small men to Dewar S Watson St W atson hierarchy c o n v e n i e n c e w ould be m a x i m i s e d ''d i p land valuea at pea /eccam«bil4ty dsipated by p r o v id g t h e s t r e n g t h o* thr> f l o w < 1981 Centres makes more s e n s e to promote t h e maximum i r ^ e n s i t y riavelopfrents stabile i s en a bl g framework w i t h w hich u r b an d e s i g n e r s c o n c e r n t h e m s e l v e s h centres a low-come a r e a at t h e h i g h e s t end t h e b e n e f i t s a s y m b i o t i c or m u t u a l l y r e i n f o r c i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p high order s c tiv itio * commercial Dew ar to t h e t h r e s h o l d s flo w s i s b e g m axim ed network mutual dsipates # The s i t e s a lo n g t h e r o u t e th e n p r o v i d e good l o c a t i o n s f o r The p otential ranges Commercial thresholds are beg d s ip a te d t h e g r e a t e r t h e econom ic p o t e n t i a l che s p o t T h e econiiric a c t i v i t i e s also s 128 f l o w i s e q uate d t o t h r e s h o l d s t h e g r e a t e r t h e number people passg a p a rticu lar ( 1981 to determ e tim e th c a n 't beg life aga e x i s t s at Dew ar St W atson ( best to u n d e r s t a n d bottom s 117

4 ii optim al u s e s a r e d e t e r m i n e d - p a r c e l s o-f l a n d a s a r e optim al non- dsipated locatio ns se uses L and thus a r t i f i c i a l l y T h i s c ontrol certa a total lan d u s e i s lim itg seeg entrepreneur!al to f r u i t i o n x ^ e ^ e s - it p r i c e on t h a t s q u a r e d la n d lan d o f prevents 's m a l l p o s s i b i l i t i e s from b r i n g i n g as a centra fo r m a n 's p o l i t i c a l developm ent m anifestation a a symbol m a n ' s h i g h e s t separata sular livg power vested i n The Local th a r t ific ia l s t r u c t u r e we s p e ak occur flow Zo n g No e n f o r c e m e n t man' m JSft le o f f s a natural furr c i t i e s with conscquence to part w h o se us3 i s o l e y residential t h e work o p p o r t u n i t i e s p a r t s t h e c i t y t h e n a m anifestation white c it y i s n e c c e s s a r y to make t h i s p r o c e s s low e r The D i s a b l i n g t h e i n e o u i t y t h a t com e group b e i n g t h e p u r c h a s e Fram ew ork held ir The n e t r e s u l t t h e i d e a suburb spatially In o r d e r to b r i n g d ep endent on p e r s o n a l A tra ct poor a r e a s means t h a t land urban e x p e r i e n c e herent dealt Uytenbogaardt t e l l s us t h a t we ne e d t o produces u r l i v a b l e p l a c e and a c c e p t a n c e o f one entrenchg th e divide wealth t h e s e a _e a s p e r s i s t s s h a k e t h e md s e t w h i c h and d e v e l o p a new c o n s c i o u s n e s s b a s e d on man -and plural society Uytenbogaardt transport with t h i s dependancy ou r dep en d an cy to Non- accumilation a s t a t e n o n tlevelopment - constituent Uytenbogaardt between p e o p le t h i s furr la n d l o c a t e d away from toger i n t o some m ea n g fu l dcrim ate a s t a t e goods money f l o w s from t h e p oor to t h e w e a l t h y e x i s t s oneself i s a str u c t u re th a t a llo w s i s u p h e l d by t h i s s o r t s e p a r a t io n uses fds s t a t e a f f a i r s cccurrg th e major i d e a s t h a t i? Autho rity to e n fo rc e t h i s zo ng i s a n e g a t iv e fo r c e prevents natural d e v e lo p m e n t s from Aparid t h e g e n e r a t i n g u r b a n f a b r i c extg a b y- product o f a dsipated a s t h e r e i s no lan d a v a i l a b l e from w he re he can act u p h o l d i n g The e n a b l i n g a s p ir a tio n s n o t s yste m operate* iii ec ono m ic a n d controlled social and t h e z o n i n g stamp p u t s ai a r t i f i c i a l m; 16 s 16

5 T h e r o l e o-f t h e u r b a n d e s i g n e r must t h e n b e t o q u e s t i o n u n l i v a b l e cities th d a b l g and d e m o n s t r a t e structure p e r s ts our H a v i n g shown t h e u n l i v a b l e h e s h o u l d demonstrate* t h e p o s s i b i l i t y t h e l i v a b l e him self n th e c i t y w i l l and m u t u a l l y r e i n f o r c i n g become r e s p o n s i b l e f o r man relationship b u ilt up t h a t w i t h ti m e

6 SIMULTANEOUS MOVEMENT SVSt MS The p r e v i o u s p a r t d e a l s w i t h r o u t e s and s t r u c t u r e s t h a t e n a b l e part d e a ls with s t r u c t u r i n g o v e r l a y e d on t h e r o u t e s o r g a n e s c i t y ' enablem ent and t h e i r An a e s t h e t i c r c n t r o l enablem ent mutual Movement a l o n g r o u t e s A lo n g t h e s e r o u t e s t h e c i t y experienced ar o u n d t h e s e r o u t e s c a n e n h a n c e t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f n etwo rk c i t y Design In t h e s u p p a r t t h e r e a r e many r o u t e s t h a t o c c u r c o n c u r r e n t l y ' T h e s e a r e t h e s i m u l t a n e o u s movement s y s t e m s Bacon s t a t e s The concep t s i m u l t a n e o u s movement sys te m s p r o v i d e s an o r g a n i s i n g p r i n c i p l e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e s c a l e and a c t i v i t y p a t t e r n s o f c ontem porary c i t y People perceive The r o l e t h e d e s i g n e r c i t y a s t h e y move t h r o u g h should b t o its c r e a t e an e n v i r o n m e n t c o n d u c i v e t o t h e c o n t i n u o u s f l o w o-f h a r m o n io u s s p a c e e x p e r i e n c e s Bacon I'Jif'liPr ui i w 1 <h;> > < The N a t u r e t h e S i m u l t a n e o u s Movement System < 1963 s 6 > ; An o u t l i n e t h e c o n c e p t n e e d s t o b e c o n s i d e r e d u n d e r t h r e e h e a d i n g s a c c o r d i n g to B ac o n 1 The R e l a t i o n s h i p i S p a c e as a d o m i n a t i n g e l e m e n t ii 2 M a tte r r e g a r d e d a s t h e p r o d u c t The C o n t i n u i t y o f Life i s a flow M ass and S p a c e t h e c i t y experiences should contuous flow dividual space Experience e x t e n t i o n s i n t o s p a c e and tim e role movement i n an u n b r o k e n c o n t i n u i t y Bacon f e e l s dividual th e urban d e s ig n e r b e t o c r e a t e an e n v i r o n m e n t c o n d u c i v e h ar m o n ic s p a c e e x p e r i e r c e s on t h e p a r t o f who r e s i d e s w i t h i n it to a every Movement i s s e e n a s t h e d om ant o r g a n i s i n g ce d e s i g n bduon ( 1963 * 6 }

7 What ur b an d e s i g n e r s d o B a c o n 's v ie w s p a c e which becomes t h e a c t u a l Movement s yste m s a r s t h e f o u n d a t i o n f o r establh p a t h movement f o r t h e demand f o r tra ck its it s use The R e l a t i o n s h i p idividual cities i s g i v e n as vibility higher th e t o ta l it i n c o m m u n ic a t g u r b an m e s s a g e s t n e ec ono m ic p o t e n t i a l necessary f i r s t purposeful he ors and e ach c o n t r i b u t i n g each terrelated i t s part to total experience stance c i t y livg movement s y s t e m s experience g i v e s r i s e t o s e q u e n c e s o* c a r s on h ig h w a y s on o t h e r p a r t s t h e c i t y g r o w t h g e n i u s commuter r a i l w a y s and c o n n e c t i o n betw een system s s h o u ld be p l a c e s s p e c i a l to B a liil'- - i e m p h a s ar i s at t h e c h a n g e s t r a n s p o r t mode i e Foot t h a t t h i s s h o u l d o c c u r greater- sector to b asic to t h e b e g i n n i n g s o f Fa-nilia * y positive with c i t y w ill and m with gives fluencg growth and o t h e r a designer from t r a i n b a s i s movement s y s t e m s For d e s i g n a can b e r e l a t e d Movement system s r e l a t e d e sig n e n r ic h m e n t greater Th'* m al to study v*ry c a r e fu lly The im pact o-f t h e movement system on grow th The ways i n w hich p e o p l e move ab ou t t h e S i m u l t a n e o u s Movement C ' n r e p t movement p a t t e r n s i n o r d e r t o l e a d r a t e s movement vibility e x p e r i e n c e who a t e s s p e e d and d i f f e r e n t its space flow greater T he problem d e s i g n desi l a r g e numbers o f system t h e h i g h e r h arm onic e x p e r i e n c e a s a p e r s o n movss over t h a t t h r e e dim entional a track through to n a t u r a l t o t h e c i t y pro blem and man-m^de typography n a t u r e

8 ' Tempo i n C i t y D e s i g n The a r c h i t e c t H i g h w a y s g e n e r a l l y g e t f r e e f l o w i n g m s t h a t a r e w i d e l y s p a c e d fast a c a r on e o n l y p e r c e i v e s t h e odd t h i n g p e d e s t r i a n movg s l o w l y c a n p e r c e i v e a l o t o f T h i s e m p h a s i s e s th e n e e d f c r f i n e g r a i n d e t a i l routes detail R a p id c h a n g e s o f a blur detail W h e r ea s on t h e way t e r e s t s sake i n t h e m f o c a l p o i n t s and s y m b o lic o b j e c t i v e s c o n t u it y by t h e u s e o f at r e g u l a r t h e d e s i g n work recurrg herently p r o v id e d T h i s can b e f u r t h e r e m p h a s e d th e m e s t h e u s e stance Bacon task o f order p a r t ic ip a t i o n with u n i v e r s a l Human s c a l e settlem ent c o u n c ili to brg order s 8 m aterials o ut anc make v i s i b l e and l e g i b l e works f o r imposed by p r e s e n t p l a n n i n g p r a c t i s e s t h e y get a b a s i s on which life not th e or d e r» council T h gives a dire c tiv e t h e y can r e l a t e t h e i r its design a e x t g turn a r c h i t e c t will if In be a p p r o p r ia t e technology as h a s no s t r a t e g y or p o l i c y f o r urban designer to p l a c e i s r e g a r d e d a s more a p p r o p r i a t e t o human controls are all broad brush nsre to asst im p osed b y dealg with local and n o n - s i t e - s p e c i f i c local who move t h r o u g h m a r e s h a r e d by l a r g e numbers jii environment s t a t e fulfill p r o d u c g people to all always be c h e rh e d re are c l e a r and -fally md or a r e a c o n s e n s u s w h i c h i n t o an envircniient m e a n i n g f u l wi l l m selves sensibilities an i d e a t h a t many p e o p l e h av e s h a r e d environment only p r o d u c e s ag reem en t t o move ah e a d on an e x t e n s i o n enrichment develops design g u id e l e s put th r o u g n t h e impact t h e y make on t h e m ds and producg dedign The d e s i g n T h e w=y i n w hich s i m u l t a n e o u s movement s y s t e m s i s a l s o th e to i n d i v i d u a l vie w o f and d e s i g n th an t h e s p a c e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f reactions w h ich to environment participators g i v e n th e t a s k lan d marks put Ur aan d e s i g n e r s can s t e p ( 1963 th e c i t y u s e r s s i g n i f i c a n c e e x i s t i n g d e s i g n e r s architects; sim ilar i n t e r v a l s - t h e s a k e c o n t i n u i t y and rhythm e s t a b l i s h i n g can put h i s a c t s a s a g u i d e to t h e f u r t h e r control i n t o c o h e r e n t w h o le and t o d e v e l o p l o y a l t y t o i t The c i t y d e s i g n e r!<e > environm ent The s i m u l t a n e o u s movement s yste m s h e l p t o o r g a n i s e many a r c h i t e c t s t h i s way t h e a r c h i t e c t ' s c o n t r i b u t i o n and s c a l e a l o n g p e d e s t r i a n i m p r e s s i o n s a r e im p o rta nt f o r The syatem n e e d s f r e q u e n t p u n c t u a t i o n travellg n works from a p o i n t central and or participators loved an work s c h a n n e l s over w h i c h common movement o c c u r s Bacon (

9 Author Clur G Name s The public Realm part a balanced city 1989 PUBLISHER University Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2013 LEGAL NOTICES Copyright Notice All materials on University Witwatersrand Johannesburg Library website are protected by South African copyright law and may not be dtributed transmitted dplayed or orwe publhed any mat without prior written permsion copyright owner Dclaimer and Terms Use Provided you mata all copyright and or notices contaed re you may download material (one mache readable copy and one prt copy per page your personal and/or educational non-commercial use only The University Witwatersrand Johannesburg not responsible any errors or omsions and excludes any and all liability any errors or omsions from mation on Library website