Quantum technologies based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: towards applications in (quantum) biology

Transcription

1 Quantum technologies based on nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond: towards applications in (quantum) biology

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3 3 E 532 nm 1 2δω 1 Δ ESR 0 1 A 1 3 A 2

4 Microwaves 532 nm polarization Pulse sequence detection 3 E Photon counting ( nm) signal reference 532 nm 1 A 1 1 2δω 1 Δ ESR 3 A 2 0

5 τ τ (

6 L. C. L. Hollenberg, et al, Nature Nanotec 6, 358 (2011).

7 SIGNAL

8 NV Center paramagnetic spin-1/2 nitrogen donors 13 C isotopic impurity spin-1/2 nuclear spins

9 growth of 12 C enriched single crystal diamond starting from % 12 C enriched CH % 12 C Enrichment 12 C % (SIMS, EPR) NIMS Tsukuba CVD growth 12 C % (SIMS) HPHT growth

10 π τ π τ π

11 3 E 637 nm 1 A A 2 2gμB GHz 0 ω ω

12 1/2 η = ΔP2 P / b = ħ gμ B t P = cos 2 bt 2 = 1 1+ cos( bt) 2 P = 1 1+ cos bt 2 ( ) f (t) b t

13 1/2 η = ΔP2 P / b = ħ gμ B t P = cos 2 bt 2 = 1 1+ cos( bt) 2 P = 1 1+ cos bt 2 ( ) f (t) Spin Distance (r) Field Required T 2 Electron 10 nm 1µT ~ 2 µs Proton 10 nm 1nT ~ 2 ms

14 AC magnetic field t t

15 AC magnetic field t t

16 DC magnetic field t t

17 Ĥ = t ˆ z W te t t = = 0 d S Ft Ft 2 2 t t

18 Ĥ = t ˆ z W te t t = = 0 d S Ft Ft 2 2 t t

19 Ĥ = t ˆ z W te t t = = 0 d S Ft Ft 2 2 t t

20 Ĥ = t ˆ z W te t t = = 0 d S Ft Ft 2 2 t 2t 2t t

21 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy on a (5-Nanometer) 3 Sample Volume T. Staudacher et al. Science 339, 561 (2013); DOI: /science

22 Pulse dynamical decoupling schemes: Energy considerations

23 m s =+1 m s = 1 ω 0 + γ e B,Ω Ω Ω ω N m s =0

24 Sensing nuclear or electron spins

25 o Measurement on NV spin P π 2 MW continuous driving for time t π 2 R o o Flip-flop process between spin sensor and target system Continuously drive hydrogen spins ( ) J = 1 4 g 3r z ĥ ˆb 1/2 ( ) S(t) = cos Jt 4 ω 31 P = 500kHz ω 1 H = 1235kHz S J=0.2041(0.2065)kHz 0.6 (c) t(ms) 27 Ω 1 H = 20kHz g = ħμ 0γ e γ N 4πr 3 r = 5nm 0.21kHz t = 3ms

26 Measure distance and alignment of a nuclear spin pair r H S = γ NB ( I1 + I 2 ) + g( 1 r ) I 3 1 I 2 3 I 1 ˆr o Magnetic field dependent energy spectrum of a spin pair ( )( I 2 ˆr ) 1 2 ( ) ( ) 2 Ω 1 = ω N + 3 g 1 3 ˆr ˆb Ω 2 = ω N 3 g 1 3 ˆr ˆb 4 ( + ) ( ) 2 Δ = 3 g 1 3( ˆr ˆb )

27 Measure distance and alignment of a nuclear spin pair r S t = 0.6 ms = khz (khz) d = 5nm ˆb = ˆx

28 Measure distance and alignment of a nuclear spin pair r

29 Measure distance between a pair of electron spins: organic spin labels G. E. Fanucci and D. S. Cafiso, Recent advances and applications of site-directed spin labeling (2006) o Wide applications: Protein orientation Protein dynamics Distance measurements Structural biology o Determine intra and intermolecular distance: hard to go beyond 5 nm 31 Inhomogeneous broadening

30 Measure distance between a pair of electron spins: organic spin labels G. E. Fanucci and D. S. Cafiso, Recent advances and applications of site-directed spin labeling (2006) o Continuously drive both NV center and label spins 32

31 Monitor the charge recombination of radical pair Light Haberkorn Approach U. E. Steiner and T. Ulrich, Chem. Rev. 89, (1989)

32 Monitor the charge recombination of radical pair Peter Hore, Nature (2008) r = 2 nm 35

33 External spin engineering: dynamical spin polarization t 2t 2t t

34 m s =+1 m s = 1 ω 0 + γ e B,Ω Ω Ω ω N m s =0

35 NV Center π 2 π 2 Ω ω N Ω ω N

36 B 0 = 0.5T ω( 13 C) = 5.8 MHz 0.5 π 2 π 2 I PL (Rabi-normalized) Locking time ( μ sec) I PL (a.u.) Free precession time ( μ sec)

37 Quantum simulation

38 ψ = c 1 + c 2 + c N

39 detector 124 GHz z Addressing laser beam Microwave 6.8 GHz y B 0 μ R V = 0 R V 0 R + R y x a lat = 532 nm ODF laser beams Cooling laser beam V = 0 Atoms in 2D optical lattice a b 2.2 mm c 32 mm 0.2 mm

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42 absorption (%) graphene E (ev) partially fluorinated fluorographene 5

43 H F = i γ N Bs z i + μ 0 4π i,j γ 2 N r 3 ij [s i s j 3(s i ˆr ij )(s j ˆr ij )]+2Ω F cos [(γ N B ω F )t] i s x i H F = i (ω F s z i +Ω F s x i )+ i,j g ij [ s z i s z j Δ(s x i s x j + s y i sy j )] H S +Ω F i s x i ±1 0 H NV F = μ 0 4π i γ e γ N r 3 i [S s i 3(S ˆr)(s i ˆr)].

44 S q q =(0, 2π/ 3) q =(0, π/ 3) F-AF F-NAF J 2 /J 1 S q = kl ( ) S z S z k l e i q r k r l

45 H b = i,j ( )) (V ij n i n j t ij a i a j + a i a j + μ i n i n S q q =(π, π/ 3) ρs ρs (a) μ μ (b) μ μ q =(π, π/ 3) ρs q =(π, π/ 3) ρs 0.2 q ρs S q ρs μ μ μ μ

46 P π π MW continuous driving for time t ± +1 0 ± +1 R Ω ω N Ω ω N 1 2 ( ) 1 2 ( + ) P + = τ 2 (gi gj ) s + i s j = τ 2 i j i P+ = τ 2 (gi gj ) s i s+ j = τ 2 i j i (gi ) 2 P (g i + τ 2 i (i,j),i=j(g gj ) s + i s j + s i s+ j, (i,j),i j (gi ) 2 P (g i + τ 2 i (i,j),i=j(g gj ) s + i s j + s i s+ j (i,j),i j

47 S q q =(0, 2π/ 3) q =(0, π/ 3) F-NAF F-AF S q q =(0, 2π/ 3) q =(0, π/ 3) F-NAF F-AF J 2 /J 1 J 2 /J 1

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