J-PARC μ-e --- PRISM/Phase-1 ---

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1 J-PARC μ-e --- PRISM/Phase Masaharu Aoki Osaka U. ICEPP, 2007/11/06

2 Lepton Flavor Violation μ-lfv (SIMDRUM II) μ-e MECO, mu2e and PRISM/Phase-1 J-PARC

Violation (c-lfv) Neutrino-mixing predicts very small amount of c-lfv via higher order diagram;

3 Lepton Flavor Mixing Quark Mixing : Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Neutrino Mixing : Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata Matrix charged Lepton Mixing : not-yet-observed charged Lepton Flavor Violation (c-lfv) Neutrino-mixing predicts very small amount of c-lfv via higher order diagram; it is as small as practically impossible to observe in foreseeable future. c-lfv = Physics beyond SM 3 A. de Gouvea

4 c-lfv c-lfv slepton mixing SUSY m 2 ẽẽ m 2 ẽ µ m 2 ẽ τ m 2 µẽ m 2 µ µ m 2 µ τ m 2 τẽ m 2 τ µ m 2 τ τ Physics of slepton mass matrix 4

5 Golden Trio g-2 EDM c-lfv " " mixing large top Yukawa coupling e! 0! 0 B ~ e Real Imaginary m 2 ẽẽ m 2 ẽ µ m 2 ẽ τ slepton mass matrix m 2 µẽ m 2 µ µ m 2 µ τ m 2 τẽ m 2 τ µ m 2 τ τ τ-lfv

6 Slepton Mixing Mechanism (m 2 l ) ij = m 2 0δ Plank mass scale SUSY-GUT GUT Yukawa interaction SUSY Seesaw Model Neutrino Yukawa interaction ( m 2 l ) ij 0 (m 2 L) 21 3m2 0 + A2 0 8π 2 h 2 t V td V ts ln M GUT (m 2 L) 21 3m2 0 + A2 0 M RS 8π 2 h 2 i U i1 U i2 ln M GUT M RS Quark mixing matrix Neutrino mixing matrix PRISM/Phase-1 LoI (2006)

Theoretical Predictions Process Current Limit SUSY-GUT level Future SUSY+Seesaw, MSW Large Angle µ N e N 10-13 10-16

7 Theoretical Predictions Process Current Limit SUSY-GUT level Future SUSY+Seesaw, MSW Large Angle µ N e N ,10-18 µ e γ τ µ γ SUSY-GUT MEG Phase-1 MEG Phase-1 PRSM/PRIME PRISM/PRIME Courtesy Hisano 7

8 LHC and c-lfv if LHC finds SUSY particle Physics of slepton mass matrix will be strengthened. Further exploration of SUSY structure (SUSY-GUT, SUSY-Seesaw) will become more important. if LHC does not find SUSY particle high-intensity exp. comes forefront. L. Calibbi, A. Faccia, A. Masiero, S.K. Vempati, PRD74(2006)116002

9 μ-lfv μ eγ μ eee μn en

10 μ eγ, μ eee, μn en c-lfv (A. de Gouvea, talk at Nufact 06) L = m µ Λ 2 µ Rσ µν e L F µν + 1 Λ 2 F + 1 Λ 2 F (µ L γ µ e L )(e L γ µ e L ) (µ L γ µ e L )(q L γ µ q L ) photonic μ eγ μ eee μn en tree α α 1-loop tree loop --- tree non-photonic

11 μ-e Conversion Muonic Atom (1S state) µ MC:MDO = 1:1000(H), 3:2(Al), 13:1(Cu) τ(μ - ;Al) = 0.88 μs; τ(free-μ-) = 2.2 μs μ-e Conversion BR[µ + (A, Z) e + (A, Z)] Γ[µ + (A, Z) e + (A, Z)] Γ[µ + (A, Z) ν µ + (A, Z 1)] 11

Physics of μ-e Conversion SUSY-GUT, SUSY-seesaw (Gauge Mediated process) BR = 10-15 = BR(μ eγ) O(α) τ lγ SUSY-seesaw (Higgs Mediated process) BR = 10-12 ~10-15 τ lη Doubly Charged Higgs Boson (LRS

12 Physics of μ-e Conversion SUSY-GUT, SUSY-seesaw (Gauge Mediated process) BR = = BR(μ eγ) O(α) τ lγ SUSY-seesaw (Higgs Mediated process) BR = ~10-15 τ lη Doubly Charged Higgs Boson (LRS etc.) Logarithmic enhancement in a loop diagram for μ - N e - N, not for μ e γ M. Raidal and A. Santamaria, PLB 421 (1998) 250 N N SUSY with R-parity Violation Leptquarks Heavy Z Compositeness Multi-Higgs Models

Principal of Experiment Signal : μ - +(A,Z) e -

e =350 kev (BR:10-16 ) Beam Pion Capture π -

13 Principal of Experiment Signal : μ - +(A,Z) e - +(A,Z) A single mono-energetic electron 100 MeV Delayed ~1μS PSI/πE5 No accidental backgrounds Physics backgrounds Muon Decay in Orbit (MDO) ΔE e =350 kev (BR:10-16 ) Beam Pion Capture π - +(A,Z) (A,Z-1)* γ+(a,z-1) γ e + e - Prompt timing 13 SINDRUM II

SINDRUM II BR < 7 10-13 Need more muons: 10 11 μ -

14 SINDRUM II BR < Need more muons: μ - /s J-PARC/MR + Solenoid π cap. Beam-induced prompt backgrouds: Pulsed beam Long Muon Beam Line Detector rate might be too high: Curved Solenoid Detector. 14

15 MECO, PRISM and Phase-1

16 MECO BNL/AGS Straw Tracker Superconducting Detector Solenoid (2.0 T 1.0 T) Superconducting Transport Solenoid (2.5 T 2.1 T) Muon Beam Stop Crystal Calorimeter Muon Stopping Target µ Collimators µ Superconducting Production Solenoid (5.0 T 2.5 T) 16

17 MECO BNL/AGS Straw Tracker Superconducting Detector Solenoid (2.0 T 1.0 T) Superconducting Transport Solenoid (2.5 T 2.1 T) Muon Beam Stop Cancelled Crystal Calorimeter Muon Stopping Target µ Collimators µ Superconducting Production Solenoid (5.0 T 2.5 T) 16

18 Staging Strategy On the evening before the MECO cancellation!""#!""$!""%!""&!"'"!"''!"'!!"'(!"')!"'*!"'#!"'$!"'% +,-. -/ / :;161 -/ /0 740 PRISM Phase Rotated Intense Slow Moun source PRIME PRISM Muon to Electron conversion experiment 5 m MECO:BR<10-16 PRISM:BR<

Staging Strategy On the evening before the MECO cancellation!""#!""$!""%!""&!"'"!"''!"'!!"'(!"')!"'*!"'#!"'$!"'% +,-. -/01234526/0 740 809:;161 <7=>+?

19 Staging Strategy On the evening before the MECO cancellation!""#!""$!""%!""&!"'"!"''!"'!!"'(!"')!"'*!"'#!"'$!"'% +,-. -/ / :;161 -/ /0 740 PRISM Phase Rotated Intense Slow Moun source PRIME PRISM Muon to Electron conversion experiment 5 m MECO:BR<10-16 PRISM:BR<

After the MECO Cancellation mu2e(fnal + xmeco) Revive of MECO After the shutdown of Tevatron Parasite on SNuMI-2 2012 ~ Renovate a Debuncher ring for beam bunching A-D Line AP4 Line AP5 Line 22

20 After the MECO Cancellation mu2e(fnal + xmeco) Revive of MECO After the shutdown of Tevatron Parasite on SNuMI ~ Renovate a Debuncher ring for beam bunching A-D Line AP4 Line AP5 Line 22 batches = s MI cycle NEUTRINO PROGRAM MUONS Booster Batches p/batch Accumulator (NuMI +Muons) Recycler p/sec (NuMI) Debuncher (Muons) p/1467ms = p/sec (Alternative: 24 batches=1.6s MI cycle p/s) 0.1s 1.367s

21 Staging of PRISM ~10 years!""#!""$!""%!""&!"'"!"''!"'!!"'(!"')!"'*!"'#!"'$!"'% +,-./0' :7; <6-=>.;. 3/B/=5CD/ :7; Production Target PRISM Phase Rotated Intense Slow Moun source PRIME PRISM Muon to Electron conversion experiment Stopping Target 5 m Phase-1:BR<10-16 Full PRISM:BR<10-18

Why Staging, why 10-18 Staging Early Realization, Discovery Understand the phenomena in a real-world step by

22 Why Staging, why Staging Early Realization, Discovery Understand the phenomena in a real-world step by step; we may Phase-1 PRISM see something new in every step of factor 10 improvements L. Calibbi, A. Faccia, A. Masiero and S.K. Vempati PRD 74(2006) Why 10-18, why full-prism Covering almost entire parameter space Study of interaction types τ μ - Al = 880 ns, τ μ - Pb = 82 ns R. Kitano, M. Koike, Y. Okada PRD 66(2002)

23 Phase-1

Phase-1 Overview Production Target Large μ yields J-PARC/MR only 60 kw out of 450kW π-capture SC-solenoid 10 11 μ/s (PSI:10 8 μ/s)

24 Phase-1 Overview Production Target Large μ yields J-PARC/MR only 60 kw out of 450kW π-capture SC-solenoid μ/s (PSI:10 8 μ/s) Stopping Target Pulsed Proton Beam π-b.g. suppression Curved-solenoid detector Lower detector rate Upgradability to PRISM add Phase-Rotator-Ring

25 Pulsed Proton Beam

26 π - +(A,Z) (A,Z-1)* γ+(a,z-1) γ e + e - μ - decay-in-flight, e - scattering, neutron streaming μ - +(A,Z) e - +(A,Z) : (~1μs) 0.7 μs N bg = N P R ext Y π/p A π P γ A N P : total # of protons (~10 21 ) R ext : Extinction Ratio (10-9 ) Y π/p : π yield per proton (0.015) A π : π acceptance ( ) P γ : Probability of γ from π ( ) A : detector acceptance (0.18) BR=10-16, N bg < 0.12 Extinction < 10-9 Extinction: < 10-9 Power: 60 kw ( pps@8 GeV)

27 J-PARC LINAC 0.4 GeV 4π mm.mrad RCS Painting: 300 times 144π mm.mrad Extraction: <81π mm.mrad MR Injection: 81π mm.mrad Extraction: 10π 30 GeV adiabatic dumping

Bunching Scheme @ J-PARC Tomizawa Scheme RCS : h=2 w/ empty bucket MR : Empty bucket Scheme h=9 or h=8 Bunched Slow Extraction MECO

28 Bunching J-PARC Tomizawa Scheme RCS : h=2 w/ empty bucket MR : Empty bucket Scheme h=9 or h=8 Bunched Slow Extraction 1st 24GeV Extinction (1st test) Inter buchet: 10-6 Empty bucket: nd test (7.4GeV) : 10-7 Transition J-PARC/MR: Transition

29 RF Empty Bucket RF

30 Emittance Control Adiabatic dumping 1/βγ NP-Hall Acceptance: 10π(24π) mm.mrad 30 GeV : 10π 8 GeV : 34π!!?? Vertical: Reduce RCS painting area Horizontal: < 5π mm.mrad in Tomizawa Scheme : space charge RCS painting area 3-50BT MR

31 Tomizawa Scheme

32 Extra Extinction Devices External Extinction Dev. AC-dipole f extinction ~ 1/100 Bunch Cleaner AC-dipole Fast

33 Muon Beam Line

(GeV/c) π production rate Backward Extraction Reduce high-p

34 Pion Production Pion Production Target Graphite : 60cm L, 4cm φ 2 kw energy dissipation for 56 kw He gas cool p t (GeV/c) π production rate Backward Extraction Reduce high-p π-b.g. Reduce heat-load to p l (GeV/c) solenoids MELC, MECO idea

35 Pion Capture W shield μ-yield vs. B max SC Coil 1400 target Proton beam 3600 Magnetic field (Tesla) Z position along solenoid axis (cm) p t p l Parallel beam for p selection downstream yields : 0.05 (π+μ)/proton

π-solenoid Heat Load 2 kw @ target 35 kw @ W Shield radial position (cm) 80 60 40 20 0 MARS simulation 0 100 200 300 z position (cm) Energy deposition (GeV/g/1ppp) 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9

36 π-solenoid Heat Load 2 target 35 W Shield radial position (cm) MARS simulation z position (cm) Energy deposition (GeV/g/1ppp) ΔE density : W/g behind W shield 20cm-Cu SC coil : 1 kw MECO design Design goal < 100 W 2 3cm-Al SC coil : 10 W B = 5T, D = 300mm 12.3 MJ, 12.5 kj/kg 5 Al NbTi/Cu mm 5 mm NbTi 1.28 mm diameter 32 strands NbTi: Cu: Al = 19%: 34%: 46% density: 4.0 g/cm 3

Muon Beamline Guide π s until decay to μ s Suppress unwanted particles μ s : p μ < 75 MeV/c e s : p e < 100 MeV/c D[m] = Vertical Drift in Torus 1 0.

37 Muon Beamline Guide π s until decay to μ s Suppress unwanted particles μ s : p μ < 75 MeV/c e s : p e < 100 MeV/c D[m] = Vertical Drift in Torus B[T ] s R p2 l p2 t p l Bs(Tesla) Capture Sol. Curved Sol.1 Matching Sol. Curved Sol.2 Decay Sol. Target Sol. Curved Sol. Detector Sol. s(m) By(Tesla) s(m)

38 Compensative Vertical B

Muon Beamline Optimization Number of muons / proton Number of stopped muons / proton 0.006 0.004 All P µ >75MeV/c P µ <50MeV/c 0.

39 Muon Beamline Optimization Number of muons / proton Number of stopped muons / proton All P µ >75MeV/c P µ <50MeV/c x 10-2 Inner radius of transport solenoid (mm) Inner radius of transport solenoid (mm) Compensative Vertical B T and T R = 175 mm L = 15 m (baseline) yields : μ s/proton (p μ > 75 MeV/c) 10-5 π s/proton Number of muons (P µ >75MeV/c) / proton Inner radius of transport solenoid (mm)

40 Detector

41 Curved Solenoid Spectrometer

Curved Solenoid Spectrometer Bs(Tesla) By(Tesla) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0-0.05-0.1-0.15-0.2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Capture Sol. Curved Sol.1 Matching Sol. Curved Sol.2 Target Sol. Curved Sol. Detector Sol.

42 Curved Solenoid Spectrometer Bs(Tesla) By(Tesla) Capture Sol. Curved Sol.1 Matching Sol. Curved Sol.2 Target Sol. Curved Sol. Detector Sol. Decay Sol s(m) s(m) Moderate μ-stopping ε ε=0.29 (Geant4 MC) μ-stops/proton Compensative vertical B Select 105 MeV e - Muon momentum dist. (muons/0.5m protons/4mev/c) P µ (MeV/c)

Muon Stopping Target Bs(Tesla) 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Light material for delayed measurement Aluminum : τ μ - = 0.

43 Muon Stopping Target Bs(Tesla) Light material for delayed measurement Aluminum : τ μ - = 0.88 μs Thin disks to minimize energy loss in the target R = 100 mm, 200μm t, 17 disks, 50 mm spacing Graded B field for a good transmission in the downstream curved section. 20 cm 2.43 T 5 cm 80 cm 1.90 T s(m) ID Entries Mean RMS Pe (MeV/c)

44 Electron Transmission Decay-in-Orbit Use torus drift for rejecting low energy DIO electrons. rejection : 10-7 ~10-8, < 1kHz Good acceptance for signal e s 30~40% DIO/Stopping-µ Eth (MeV) Collimator Detector solenoid 30MeV/c 60MeV/c 105MeV/c Curved solenoid spectrometer Traget solenoid Acceptance Transmission efficiency Top view Side view Momentum (MeV/c)

500 ID Entries Mean RMS 202 3820 104.1 0.

45 Electron Detector Rate < 1 khz Straw-tube tracker layers σp = 230 kev/c Trigger calorimeter ID Entries Mean RMS Signal region rec Pe (MeV/c)

46 Cosmic Ray Veto Passive Shield Active Shield Double layers of scintillator: 99% each

Detector Acceptance & Signal Sensitivity Acceptance Geometrical Acc. 0.

0024 μ-stopping efficiency 0.29 Total 5.6 10 17 stopped μ s 100 ns 700 ns 1.

47 Detector Acceptance & Signal Sensitivity Acceptance Geometrical Acc Electron Transport 0.44 Energy Selection 0.68 p t > 90 MeV/c 0.82 Timing cut 0.38 Total 0.07 Proton Intensity Hz Running Time sec μ s yields per proton μ-stopping efficiency 0.29 Total stopped μ s 100 ns 700 ns 1.17 µs B(µ + Al e + Al) = Timing Window of Detection 1 N µ f cap A e N μ = f cap = 0.6 for Aluminum A e = 0.07 B(μ - + Al e - + Al) = < (90% C.L.)

48 Background Background estimates for *: assuming the extinction 10-9

49 Straw-man s Layouts DRAFT J-PARC NP-Hall

50 Production Target Toward full PRISM PRISM Phase Rotated Intense Slow Moun source PRIME PRISM Muon to Electron conversion experiment Stopping Target 5 m Phase-1:R<10-16 Full PRISM:R<10-18 Same Beam line, Detector Replace Target & π-cap. Solenoid Add FFAG Phase -Rotator Fast-Extracted Proton Pulse

51 Full PRISM at NP-Hall Fast Extraction (to NP-Hall) Scheme exist Add 2 kickers Slow bump ON, E Septum OFF, M Septum all ON Need more study, but promising. Precise measurement Target A dependency Interaction type By-products

52 MECO,mu2e and Phase-1 MECO mu2e Phase-1 Machine BNL/AGS FNAL/Debuncher J-PARC/MR Energy 7.5 GeV/c 8 GeV/c 8 GeV/c Pulse 1.4 μs 1.7 μs 1.1 μs Extraction Bunched Slow Target Tungsten Graphite Muon Beamline Curved Solenoid Curved Solenoid + Vertical Field μ stop muons/s muons/s Detector Straight Curved Rate 500 khz/wire 300 DIO tracks/s Sensitivity Upgradability NO Project-X PRISM(10-18 ) Japan & Fermilab: Collaboration work on pulsed-proton beam AC-dipole, Extinction Monitor, etc.

53 μ-e c-lfv μ eγ μ eee LHC BR=10-16 μn en J-PARC LoI :P21 web page: μn en

54 End of Slides

Lepton Flavor Violation Experimental Overview

Lepton Flavor Violation Experimental Overview Masaharu Aoki Osaka U. APPEAL07 KEK 2007/2/19-21 Contents Introduction τ-decay experiments μ eγ experiment : MEG μ-e Conversion : MECO, mu2e and PRISM/Phase-1