Muon (g 2) at JPARC. Five to Ten Times Better than E821. B. Lee Roberts. Department of Physics Boston University BOSTON UNIVERSITY
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1 Muon (g 2) at JPARC Five to Ten Times Better than E821 B. Lee Roberts Department of Physics Boston University B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.1/34
2 Outline of the Talk Introduction to muon (g 2) The theory: Emphasis on the strong interaction The technique What we must do better. Summary B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.2/34
3 Magnetic Moments; g-factors µ s = g s ( e (1) 2m ) s The Dirac equation predicts g 2 (2) µ = (1 + a) e 2m a = g 2 2 µ - magnetic moment; g - gyromagnetic ratio s - spin; a - the anomaly. µ µ = e 2m µ µ p = e 2m p B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.3/34
4 Electric and Magnetic Dipole Moments for the Muon (3) H = µ B d E µ B is even, and d E is odd under both P and T An EDM implies that both P and T are violated. L dm = 1 [ D µσ αβ1 + γ 5 + D µσ αβ1 γ ] 5 (4) µf αβ with (5) Re D = a µ e 2m µ and Im D = d µ B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.4/34
5 SM Theory for Muon (g 2) Q E D H a d µ W e a k µ γ γ h (6.2) X 10 µ γ W γ µ γ e e + h µ h γ h ( 4.0) X W ν µ + γ 10.1 (.6) X 10 µ Z µ < 0.1 1st + 2nd Order Weak = γ µ γ (.29) X (.4) X γ γ h µ + higher order terms µ H µ 10 + higher order terms γ µ γ h B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.5/34
6 a µ (Had) from Dispersion Theory µ γ γ h e+ e γ h π + π τ W ν τ h π 0 π Use of τ-decays Isospin, CVC, no 2 nd -class currents, only isovector current. (6) (7) a µ (had; 1) = ( αm µ 3π )2 where 4m 2 π ds s 2 K(s)R(s) R(s) = σ(e+ e hadrons) σ(e + e µ + µ ) B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.6/34
7 R(s) From e + e Data 6 5 ω Φ e + e J/ψ 1S ψ 2S hadrons ψ 3770 QCD 4 R exclusive data BES γγ2 Crystal Ball PLUTO s (GeV) ϒ 1S ϒ 2S 3S 4S 5 4 ϒ ϒ R e + e hadrons QCD PLUTO LENA Crystal Ball MD1 JADE MARK J s (GeV) B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.7/34
8 Comparison of e + e ; τ ππ From e + e and isospin corrected τ data, expressed as an e + e cross-section. Cross Section (nb) m π 2 threshold s (GeV 2 ) τ Average preliminary 1500 TOF CMD-2 (02) CMD OLYA (low) OLYA (high) DM1 DM2 400 From DEHZ hep-ph/ Cross Section (nb) m π 2 thresh. Cross Section (nb) σ[low s expansion] s (GeV 2 ) s (GeV 2 ) B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.8/34
9 Continuing Work on R(s) Re-analysis of the Novosibirsk data to correct a normalization error. Radiative return measurements at DAΦNE Radiative return measurements at BaBar Novosibirsk energy upgrade to 2.0 GeV Lattice calculations by T. Blum at BNL Hadronic LBL work at Marseille and elsewhere (see for DAΦNE (J. Lee- Franzini) and BaBar (M. Davier) presentations at Lepton Moments, 9-12 June 2003). B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.9/34
10 Measuring R(s) by Radiative Return (ISR) e+ e γ ISR f π + π The ISR lowers the CM energy of the collision, and tags the event! At BaBar the photon is hard, and they measure e + e µ + µ directly. At DAΦNE the photon is much softer. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.10/34
11 Events e + e + ID ID BaBar ISR : e + e - (770) (1450) (1700) BABAR AR preliminary Finite mass resolution visible in sharp - interference. Requires unfolding. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 88 fb 1. Background from e + e + events is at the level of 1%. The present statistics competes well with the latest results from CMD-2. Large mass range coverage Work in progress on the control of the systematics, in particular for particle identification. Invariant + mass [GeV/c 2 ] from Michel Davier B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.11/34
12 KLOE dipion mass resolution has been unfolded from the spectrum after all corrections d ee /d M nb/gev ,095,095 events KLOE, M L=140.7/ pb or 40 < <140 E > MeV PRELIMINARY (GeV ) his s Cape Cod, June 2003 Juliet Lee-Franzini - σ(e + e hadrons+γ) 43 ex from Juliet Lee-Franzini B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.12/34
13 R Measurements at Novosibirsk Novosibirsk upgrade: GeV. The current precision achieved at CMD-2 is 0.6% systematic and 0.5-1% statistics (in the dispersion integral). The statistics is not a problem - even with CMD-2 data we ll improve it to the level of 0.3% or so. At VEPP-2000 it will not be a problem to reach the level of 0.1%. I. Logashenko 21 June 03. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.13/34
14 New Physics Beyond the SM? If the experimental value of a µ /d µ does not equal the SM value, a µ [d µ ](NP) = a µ [d µ ](Measured) a µ [d µ ](SM) B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.14/34
15 New Physics Beyond the SM? If the experimental value of a µ /d µ does not equal the SM value, a µ [d µ ](NP) = a µ [d µ ](Measured) a µ [d µ ](SM) 440 citations on SPIRES to our 2001 paper and 129 citations to our 2002 paper, almost all speculating on potential new physics. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.14/34
16 Connection Between MDM, EDM and µ e in SUSY In SUSY the MDM, EDM and muon conversion are all inter-related: µ ~ µ µ ~ e ~ B e e MDM EDM µ ~ µ ~ µ µ ~ B m 2 ẽẽ m 2 ẽ µ m 2 ẽ τ m 2 µẽ m 2 µ µ m 2 µ τ m 2 τẽ m 2 τ µ m 2 τ τ B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.15/34
17 Measurements of aµ (10 ppm) (9.4 ppm) CERN CERN µ + µ ~ Theory X a µ B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.16/34
18 Measurements of a µ (9.4 ppm) CERN (10 ppm) CERN µ (13 ppm) E821 (97) µ + (5 ppm) E821 (98) µ + (1.3 ppm) (0.7 ppm) E821 (99) E821 (00) µ + µ + µ Theory (DH98) a µ X B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.16/34
19 The Technique for Muon (g 2) Ideal Orbit Kicker Modules π + + µ p = 3.1 GeV/c Pions µ ν Inflector Injection Orbit Storage Ring Target Protons from AGS polarized muons x c = 77 mm ~ = 10 mrad β ~ B dl = 0.1 Tm ~ R R β x c B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.17/34
20 Spin and Momentum Precession Momentum Spin ω e a = m a µ B The highest energy + decay e are along the muon spin direction In a uniform B field all muons precess at the same rate. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.18/34
21 The Detector Geometry muon momentum e muon spin Sci Fi Calorimeter module Measures Energy and time p spin forward, more high energy e spin backward, less high energy e 400 MHz digitizer B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.19/34
22 Time Spectrum, E > 2.0GeV σ stat 0.6 ppm f(t) = N 0 e λt [1 + A cos(ω a t + φ)] 4 Billion Positrons with E> 2 GeV Number of Positrons/149ns µs µs µs µs µs µs µs µs Time µs µs B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.20/34
23 We measure ω a and ω p (7) ω a = a eb m where the magnetic field is measured with proton NMR. ω p is the proton precession frequency. (7) a = ω a/ω p λ ω a /ω p and (7) λ = µ µ µ p is a fundamental constant. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.21/34
24 Present Statistical Errors Data Set # of Events Statistical Error (ppm) Total µ Total µ Total µ + & µ Published Projected B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.22/34
25 Statistical Errors (7) for (7) δω a ω a = 2 ω a τa N δω a ω a = 0.07ppm; N = the E821 data set from Y2k or Y2001. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.23/34
26 Improvements to the Rate Proton Bunches (90 JPARC/12 BNL) 8 Lithium Lens/improved beamline 4 Improved Inflector 3 This represents an increase of 100 We move on to the systematic errors. To understand how to improve them we need to discuss the hardware and systematic errors. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.24/34
27 The Storage Ring B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.25/34
28 Schematic of the Magnet inner coilthermal insulation dipole correction coil wedge pole bump pole piece fixed NMR probes beam region programmable current sheet outer coils YOKE An array of 17 NMR probes on the trolley maps the B Field in the storage region inner coil g 2 Magnet in Cross Section ρ = 7112 mm 366 fixed probes track B with time B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.26/34
29 B and < B > φ from Y2000 are: B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.27/34
30 Systematic Errors on < ω p > Source (ppm) (ppm) Inflector Fringe Field Calibration of trolley probes Interpolation with fixed probes Trolley measurements of B Uncertainty from µ-distribution Absolute calibration Others Total systematic error on ω p Higher multipoles, trolley temperature stability, kicker eddy currents. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.28/34
31 Improvements for ω p The absolute calibration needs to be improved. 3 He calibration probe? Relocate fixed probes, so that they are not near pole piece boundaries. Tracking the field with time must be improved. The pole pieces need to be re-machined to get them flatter. A new program of shimming. Monitor and correct for kicker field. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.29/34
32 Systematic Errors (ppm) on ω a Source Pile-Up AGS Background Lost Muons Timing Shifts E-field and vertical β-motion Fitting Method / Binning Coherent Betatron Oscillation Beam debunching Detector Gain Changes Total Systematic on ω a B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.30/34
33 Improvements for ω a Upgrade the detector system with respect to pile-up, gain stability, and monitoring of both. Eliminate or greatly reduce the coherent betatron motion. Measure the Muon losses from the ring. Improve the kicker. Design and build a new inflector. Let s look at the layout at JPARC. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.31/34
34 Japanese Contributions to E821 Constructed the inflector magnet as a project between KEK and Tokin (Yamamoto-san) Wound main coils with Topaz conductor provided by KEK (Hirabayashi-san) and in the manner suggested by Yamamoto-san. High quality low carbon steel for the pole pieces provided by KEK (Hirabayashi-san). Fiber-Beam Monitors supplied by KEK (Mizumachi-san) upgraded at Tytech (Iwasaki-san). B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.32/34
35 Outlook: Theory (R) Much progress is being made in experiment and theory on a µ (Had). B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.33/34
36 Outlook: Theory (R) Much progress is being made in experiment and theory on a µ (Had). In the early 1980s when we started E821, the hadronic contribution was known to 8 ppm. Now it s known to 0.6 ppm because we were doing our measurement, and the LEP/SLD measurements needed R(s) also! B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.33/34
37 Outlook: Theory (R) Much progress is being made in experiment and theory on a µ (Had). In the early 1980s when we started E821, the hadronic contribution was known to 8 ppm. Now it s known to 0.6 ppm because we were doing our measurement, and the LEP/SLD measurements needed R(s) also! With a motivation for improvement, there will be further progress, since the whole field of precision physics needs it. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.33/34
38 Conclusions Whatever the final answer for a µ from E821, it will provide an important constraint on new theories. The opportunity to improve on a µ will constrain them further, or point to a window for new physics. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.34/34
39 Conclusions Whatever the final answer for a µ from E821, it will provide an important constraint on new theories. The opportunity to improve on a µ will constrain them further, or point to a window for new physics. JPARC presents a unique opportunity to pursue this important topic in physics to the next level. B. Lee Roberts, JPARC LOI Presentation, 26 June 2003 p.34/34
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