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Louise Glenn
5 years ago
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2 ' < 4E;EA 4 B &B4&B7C A B$&?<1?&2 > ;5";!$5; 76 4;@' ;A 5 $ < 7 Figure 1a Spitzer IRS ionic and molecular spectrum of the HH 46 IRS 1 source (upper line) compared with that of W33A (lower line), a high-mass protostar, scaled down by a factor of 100 (from Refs. [1,2]). Figure 1b Combined Spitzer and ground-based L- and M-band spectroscopy of B5 IRS 1 (top; multiplied by factor of 5 for clarity) and HH 46 IRS (bottom) (from Refs. [1,2]). $?& > A < < A1?&< 2?&1 2 < F-,G > 6 A <$ *+H A< I& J < $12

3 A A < $ *+H 0 *!0 0 +!0< *)<< A *+,< 8< <A FKG L 1*/M 2 4 ; <> ' <N& > A A C1?&2 <A 7 Figure 2 X-ray spectra of the rich HCI emission features at the Capella corona observed by the Chandra and Newton spectrometers. Comparison is given of the measured (black) and simulated (red) emission features [3] Excitation of the HCI emissions results from hot electrons in the stellar corona < 1 2?&FKG <A <A?& F.GC 9 F)G $+< <A $ -' $,<, $, AA

Figure 3 The JPL Highly-Charged Ion Facility.

selection magnet, Y-switcher for directing the HCI beam into one of three beam lines, solenoidal magnet for merging electron and HCI beams,

excitation cross sections, Kingdon ion trap for measuring HCI lifetimes, Caprice-type HCI source with lead shielding, (11) 1000-A supply for

& C < J @< < A $ & 6 Figure 4 Close-up of the JPL Charge-Exchange Beam Line.

4 Figure 3 The JPL Highly-Charged Ion Facility. The numbered sections are, high-power Ku band amplifier, cooling lines for the Caprice HCI source solenoidal magnets, HCI charge/mass selection magnet, Y-switcher for directing the HCI beam into one of three beam lines, solenoidal magnet for merging electron and HCI beams, vacuum manifold for electrical feedthroughs, stepper motor for measuring beams profiles, merged-beams chamber for measuring absolute excitation cross sections, Kingdon ion trap for measuring HCI lifetimes, Caprice-type HCI source with lead shielding, (11) 1000-A supply for the Caprice solenoidal magnets. FKG 9 A $ *+H $, F)G ' < $ *,H > > $, 4 <? < $ *)H < I& F3G <$ $ 0,H? & C < < A $ & 6 Figure 4 Close-up of the JPL Charge-Exchange Beam Line. The numbered sections are, HCI charge/mass selection magnet, Y-switcher for direction the HCI beam into one of three beam lines, charge-exchange gas cell, HPGe X-ray spectrometer, U. Connecticut X-ray grating spectrometer (here, not attached to beam line), Kingdon ion trap for measuring lifetimes, and merged-beams chamber for measuring excitation cross sections.

5 Figure 5a The Iron Conundrum resolved comparison of JPL experiments () and an accurate theory () for the Fe 13+ coronal green line cross section [6]. A less-accurate theory (----) led to a too-low Fe stellar abundance. Figure 5c Comparison of observation (o) and fit (----) to the X-ray emission Figure 5b Photon decay rate for the Fe 13+ spectrum from Comet coronal green-line transition 3s 2 3p 2 McNaught-Hartley using 2 P o 3/2 2 P o JPL charge-exchange 1/2 at nm [8]. cross sections [9]. The measured lifetime is ms. > > B 6 */ <3 <*/ <0 A ' > 1 <2 1 4< ' A 7?& 1*2<1,2 1;2 ;& 1 2 $ K K ;& 5 6 F*/<*0G & '659;9' 6 ; A?&? H? H +? + B H 4 < B < -? < C?& )<**H,<*+H */<*3H $ *,<0+H ; 1;2 7 F**G E 1L <<<?&

The dimensions of the ring are 2m (length) 1m (width). Figure 6b Schematic Diagram of the Aarhus ESR.

6 Figure 6a Photograph of the ELISA electrostatic storage ring at the University of Aarhus [10,11]. In addition, a double (merged) ESR ring system is in the final phases of construction at Stockholm University [13]. The dimensions of the ring are 2m (length) 1m (width). Figure 6b Schematic Diagram of the Aarhus ESR. System is shown with an NdYAG laser, pumped tunable optical parametric oscillator (OPPO), and electron- gun target (ETRAP). It is configured to measure dissociation of the target molecular ions using the array particle detector [10,11]. ';8&'1;8&'2?& ;8&' $. -,H $. ' F*-G ' & 6 4 ' ; ;8&' 1?&2 ; 1 2 A A' *&< A A< ';;8&' < I JI JN5<>

Practically any charge state of any ion can be generated, with ample particle current for use in the ESR [14].

7 O <6?& 4 N L 4 4$ ; L 6 F*,G B <<< P,+ 1$Q/3 2+K ' 0 ;<;8&'<; OOP0.OP*,OP**& Q* 1;&261;&;;2F*+G ';O5 6' ;5& '; ' Figure 7a Schematic of the Refrigerated Electron Beam Ion Trap (REBIT). Practically any charge state of any ion can be generated, with ample particle current for use in the ESR [14]. Figure 7b Ion Charge States Using the REBIT. Production of fullystripped Fe ions is also possible. The generated ions and charge states will cover an extremely broad range of ions presently observed and anticipated in astrophysical objects [14].

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Chemistry 524--Final Exam--Keiderling Dec. 12, pm SES

Chemistry 524--Final Exam--Keiderling Dec. 12, 2002 --4-8 pm -- 238 SES Please answer all questions in the answer book provided. Calculators, rulers, pens and pencils are permitted plus one 8.5 x 11 sheet