Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC. DESY Hamburg

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1 0/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Jurgen R. Reuter DESY Hamburg Theory Colloquium, DESY Hamburg, 13. April 2011

2 1/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, The Standard Model of Particle Physics Doubts Measurement Fit O meas O fit /σ meas α had (m Z ) (5) ± m Z [GeV] ± Γ Z [GeV] ± σ 0 had [nb] ± R l ± A fb 0,l ± A l (P τ ) ± R b ± R c ± A 0,b fb ± A 0,c fb ± A b ± A c ± A l (SLD) ± sin 2 θ lept eff (Q fb ) ± m W [GeV] ± Γ W [GeV] ± m t [GeV] ± describes microcosm (too well?) 28 free parameters Form of Higgs potential? Hierarchy Problem chiral symmetry: δm f v ln(λ 2 /v 2 ) no symmetry for quantum corrections to Higgs mass δm 2 H Λ 2 Λ M Planck = 19 GeV GeV 2 = ( ) GeV 2

3 1/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, The Standard Model of Particle Physics Doubts describes microcosm (too well?) 28 free parameters Form of Higgs potential? M H [GeV] Λ[GeV] Hierarchy Problem chiral symmetry: δm f v ln(λ 2 /v 2 ) no symmetry for quantum corrections to Higgs mass δm 2 H Λ 2 M 2 Planck = (19 ) 2 GeV GeV 2 = ( ) GeV 2

4 2/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Open Questions Unification of all Forces (?) Baryon asymmetry N B N B 9 missing CP violation Flavour: three generations Tiny neutrino masses m ν v2 M Dark matter: stable weakly interacting mdm 0 GeV α i U(1) SU(2) SU(3) Standard Model µ (GeV) Quantum theory of gravitation Cosmic inflation Cosmological constant/ Dark Energy

5 2/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg,

6 3/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Ideas for New Physics since 1970 (1) Symmetry for Elimination of Quantum Corrections Supersymmetry: Spin Statistics corrections from bosons and fermions cancel each other Little-Higgs Models: Global symmetries corrections from particles of like statistics cancel each other (2) New Building Blocks, Substructure Technicolor/Topcolor: Higgs bound state of strongly interacting particles (3) Nontrivial Space-time Structure eliminates Hierarchy Additional space dimensions: Gravitation appears only weak Noncommutative Space-time: Space-time coarse-grained (4) Ignoring the Hierarchy Anthropic principle: Values are the way they are, because we measure them

7 4/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Supersymmetry (SUSY) Gelfand/Likhtman, 1971; Akulov/Volkov, 1973; Wess/Zumino, 1974 Q combines gauge and spacetime symmetries Multiplets of equal-mass fermions and bosons SUSY broken in Nature Ó ÓÒ J Q ÖÑ ÓÒ 0 Extend every particle by a superpartner Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) Mass eigenstates: Charginos: χ ± = H ±, W ± Neutralinos: χ 0 = H, Z, γ

8 4/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Hate-Love SUSY: Successes and By-Products α i spontaneous SUSY breaking in the MSSM E (MeV SUSY partners) Breaking in hidden sector, induces 0 free parameters solves hierarchy problem: δm H F log(λ 2 ) U(1) SU(2) SU(3) Standard Model µ (GeV) Λ(?) F = O(1 TeV) v = 246 GeV Existence of fundamental scalars Form of the Higgs potential Light Higgs (M H = 90 ± 50 GeV) discrete R parity SM particles even, SUSY partners odd prevents too rapid proton decay lightest SUSY partner (LSP) stable Dark Matter χ 0 1 Unification of coupling constants

9 4/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Hate-Love SUSY: Successes and By-Products α i spontaneous SUSY breaking in the MSSM E (MeV SUSY partners) Breaking in hidden sector, induces 0 free parameters solves hierarchy problem: δm H F log(λ 2 ) U(1) SU(2) SU(3) MSSM µ (GeV) Λ(?) F = O(1 TeV) v = 246 GeV Existence of fundamental scalars Form of the Higgs potential Light Higgs (M H = 90 ± 50 GeV) discrete R parity SM particles even, SUSY partners odd prevents too rapid proton decay lightest SUSY partner (LSP) stable Dark Matter χ 0 1 Unification of coupling constants

10 4/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Hate-Love SUSY: Successes and By-Products 800 m [GeV] spontaneous SUSY breaking in the MSSM E (MeV SUSY partners) Breaking in hidden sector, induces 0 free parameters solves hierarchy problem: δm H F log(λ 2 ) H 0, A 0 H± h 0 ll νl lr τ2 τ1 χ 0 χ χ 0 2 χ 0 1 ũl, dr ũr, dl χ ± 2 χ ± 1 g t2 b2 b1 t1 Λ(?) F = O(1 TeV) v = 246 GeV Existence of fundamental scalars Form of the Higgs potential Light Higgs (M H = 90 ± 50 GeV) discrete R parity SM particles even, SUSY partners odd prevents too rapid proton decay lightest SUSY partner (LSP) stable Dark Matter χ 0 1 Unification of coupling constants

11 5/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Supersymmetric Grand Unification

12 6/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Prime Example: (SUSY) SU(5) SU(5) MX SU(3) c SU(2) w U(1) Y MZ SU(5) has = 24 generators: SU(3) c U(1) em 24 (8, 1) 0 (1, 3) 0 (1, 1) 0 }{{}}{{}}{{} W B G β α (3, 2) 5 3 }{{} X,Y (3, 2) 5 3 }{{} X,Ȳ

13 6/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Prime Example: (SUSY) SU(5) SU(5) MX SU(3) c SU(2) w U(1) Y MZ SU(5) has = 24 generators: SU(3) c U(1) em 24 (8, 1) 0 (1, 3) 0 (1, 1) 0 }{{}}{{}}{{} W B G β α 24 A = g A a λa 2 = g 2G a λa GM 2 a=1 2 X X X Y Y Y 2 g 2 15 B (3, 2) 5 3 }{{} X,Y X X X Ȳ Ȳ Ȳ 2W a σ (3, 2) 5 3 }{{} X,Ȳ

14 7/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Fermionen (Matter superfields) Only possible way to combine matter: d c 0 u c u c u d d c 5 = : d c 1 u c 0 u c u d = : u c u c 0 u d l 2 u u u 0 e c ν l d d d e c 0 Remarks 5 = (3, 1) 2 3 (1, 2) 1 = (3, 2) 1 3 (3, 1) 4 3 (1, 1) 2 2 = = 2, (5 5)a =, (3 3) a = 3, ( ) a = Quarks and leptons in the same multiplet Condition of tracelessness (color!) 5 and have equal and opposite anomalies ν c must be SU(5) singlet

15 8/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Interactions e e ν Leptoquark couplings d X u Y d Y (and SUSY vertices) u u Diquark couplings u X d Y (and SUSY Vertices) Vector bosons induce e.g. decay p e + π 0 u u Y d e + d

16 8/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Interactions e e ν Leptoquark couplings d X u Y d Y (and SUSY vertices) u u Diquark couplings u X d Y (and SUSY Vertices) Proton Lifetime with α(m GUT ) 1 24 and M GUT 2 16 GeV: τ(p e + π 0 M ) 4 GUT [α(m GUT )] 2 m 31±1 years 5 p

17 9/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, The Doublet-Triplet Splitting SU(5) breaking: Higgs Σ in adjoint 24 rep. Σ = w diag(1, 1, 1, 3 2, 3 2 ) M X = M Y = g w other breaking mechanisms possible (e.g. orbifold)

18 9/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, The Doublet-Triplet Splitting SU(5) breaking: Higgs Σ in adjoint 24 rep. Σ = w diag(1, 1, 1, 3 2, 3 2 ) M X = M Y = g w other breaking mechanisms possible (e.g. orbifold) (MS)SM Higgs(es) in = : 0 1 D D D h + C A h 0 5 = : 0 D c 1 D c D c h C A h 0 5 = (3, 1) 2 3 (1, 2) 1 5 = (3, 1) 2 3 (1, 2) 1 D, D c coloured triplets with charges ± 1 3 induce proton decay, too mh 0 GeV, m D 16 GeV Doublet-Triplet Splitting Problem

19 /29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Proton Decay experimentum crucis for GUTs Tracking calorimeter (SOUDAN) or RICH Cerenkov counter Super-Kamiokande: 50 kt water RICH For reconstruction: measure time and location γ γ 0 π P + e

20 /29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Proton Decay experimentum crucis for GUTs Tracking calorimeter (SOUDAN) or RICH Cerenkov counter Super-Kamiokande: 50 kt water RICH For reconstruction: measure time and location γ γ 0 π P + e Kanal τ p( 30 years) p invisible 0.21 p e + π p µ + π p νπ + 25 p νk p e + η p µ + η p e + ρ 0 75 p µ + ρ 0 1 p νρ p e + ω 0 00 p µ + ω p e + K p µ + K p νk p e + γ 670 p µ + γ 478 New experiments: HyperK (1 Mt), UNO (650 kt), European project Fréjus (1 Mt) Precision: years running = years

21 11/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Why chiral exotics? JRR/Kilian, PLB 642 (2006), 81, JRR Proof of Unification only with megatons? What about colliders? SPA: Super precision accurately Alternative: Search for chiral exotics Physics beyond the MSSM as lever-arm to GUT scale µ problem NMSSM trick Singlett Superfield with TeV-scale vacuum expectation value Doublet-Triplet Splitting Problem; Longevity of the Proton Keep D, D c superfields at the TeV scale New mechanism against proton decay Different unification scenario Proton Decay Flavour symmetry can save the proton Discrete parity eliminates either LQ/DQ couplings

22 12/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Exceptional Lie Algebras Lie, 1881; Dynkin, An (n > 1) n 1 n Bn (n > 2) n 1 n Cn (n > 1) 0 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 Dn (n > 3) 2 3 n 3 n 2 0 n 0 6 E E E F G

23 13/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, E 6 SUSY Grand Unification Supersymmetry: allows consistent extrapolation to (very) high scales Two Higgs doublets H u, H d SM superpartners at the TeV scale Bottom-Up approach: Matter-Higgs unification only MSSM Ansatz: all new particles at the TeV scale α i U(1) SU(2) SU(3) MSSM µ (GeV) Q L = (3, 2) 1 6,Q Q u c = ( 3, 1) 2 3,Q u d c = ( 3, 1) 1 3,Q d L L = (1, 2) 1 2,Q L ν c = (1, 1) 0,Q ν =0 e c = (1, 1) 1,Q e H u = (1, 2) 1 2,Q H u H d = (1, 2) 1 2,Q H d D = (3, 1) 1 3, Q D S = (1, 1) 0,Q S 0 D c = ( 3, 1) 1 3, Q D

24 14/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Intermediate Pati-Salam symmetry JRR et al , King et al Additional particles destroy MSSM unification Unification below Λ P lanck with intermediate SU(4) SU(2) L SU(2) R[ U(1) χ] Pati-Salam symmetry at GeV Α i SM U 1 ' Pati Salam U 1 Χ E 6 U 1 U 1 Y SU 2 L SU 3 SU 2 L R U 1 Χ SU Μ GeV SU(2) R and SU(2) L: identical content/running Crossing of SU(4) with SU(2) L/R couplings determines E 6 scale Lepton number: 4. colour T 15 SU(4) B L 2 Y = B L 2 + T 3 R U(1) Matching condition 1 g 2 Y = g B L 2 5 g R 2 Integrating out ν c : (see-saw) correct breaking

25 15/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, U(1) Mixing Braam/Knochel/JRR, JHEP 06:013; King et al., 2009, JRR et al., 20 Two U(1) factors below the intermediate scale Kinetic mixing: non-rational coefficients (gauge couplings) L = i g i Q a i Aµ i ψ a γµ ψ a 1 4 Effects for the running: F µν δ i ij F µν,j 1 4 F µν Z i ij F µν,j. 60 U 1 Y 60 U 1 U 1 U 1 Y 50 U U U U Αi 30 SU 2 L U 1 B L 1 Αi 30 SU 2 L 20 U 1 Χ 20 U 1 Χ B L SU 3 SU Μ GeV Μ GeV 60 U 1 Y 60 U 1 Y U 1 50 U 1 50 U 1 1 U U U 1 2 Αi 30 SU 2 L Αi 30 SU 2 L 20 U 1 Χ B L 20 U 1 B L Χ SU 3 SU Μ GeV Μ GeV

26 16/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Problems and E 6 /Pati-Salam breaking JRR et al., 20 E 6 superpotential vanishes E 6 operators generate PS superpotential Power suppression: top Yukawa? discrete symmetry to discriminate lepto-/diquark couplings/h-parity violate GUT multiplet structure strong constraints from perturbativity above Λ P S Difficulties to find representations for PS breaking 27, 351, and 351 break E 6 to rank 5 U(1) χ broken, no quartic singlet potential No rank reduction: adjoint breaking Breaking through (27)(27) or = smallest rep for E6 G P S U(1) Possible to construct superpotential which does the breaking and allows leptoquark couplings

27 16/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Problems and E 6 /Pati-Salam breaking JRR et al., 20 E 6 superpotential vanishes E 6 operators generate PS superpotential Power suppression: top Yukawa? discrete symmetry to discriminate lepto-/diquark couplings/h-parity violate GUT multiplet structure strong constraints from perturbativity above Λ P S Difficulties to find representations for PS breaking 27, 351, and 351 break E 6 to rank 5 U(1) χ broken, no quartic singlet potential No rank reduction: adjoint breaking Breaking through (27)(27) or = smallest rep for E6 G P S U(1) Possible to construct superpotential which does the breaking and allows leptoquark couplings

28 17/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Automatic Decomposition of Irreps Mallot/JRR; Horst/JRR: CleGo, 20 27

29 17/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Automatic Decomposition of Irreps Mallot/JRR; Horst/JRR: CleGo, 20 78

30 17/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ Automatic Decomposition of Irreps Mallot/JRR; Horst/JRR: CleGo, ¾ ¾

31 17/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Automatic Decomposition of Irreps Mallot/JRR; Horst/JRR: CleGo, ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 3 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 3 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 3 3 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 3 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 3 ¾ 3 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 3 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 3 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 3 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 3 ¾ 3 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ ¾ ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 2 ¾ 3 ¾ 2 3 ¾ 2 ¾ 3 2 ¾ 2 ¾ 2 3 ¾ 2 ¾

32 18/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Alternative: Orbifold Breaking in Extra Dimensions

33 18/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Alternative: Orbifold Breaking in Extra Dimensions

34 18/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Alternative: Orbifold Breaking in Extra Dimensions

35 18/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Alternative: Orbifold Breaking in Extra Dimensions

36 19/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Alternative: Orbifold Breaking Braam/Knochel/JRR, JHEP 06:013 5D-Orbifolds not possible: either doublet-triplet splitting or no LQ pheno or no mechanism against proton decay 6D Orbifolds Consider: R 4 (R 2 /Γ), Γ one of the 17 crystallographic groups Use shifts of the root lattice of the bulk E 6 and discrete Wilson lines on the tori E 6 SU(3) SU(2) 2 U(1) 2 breakings through Z 2, Z 3, Z 4. H Parity: at least one fixed point distinguishes Higgs/Matter Use Z 3 symmetries: simplest examples at least one fixed point (SU(3) 3 ), which discrimates LQ/DQ couplings SUSY conserved by non-trivial embedding of SU(2) R symmtry

37 19/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, E 6 H SU(3) SU(2) 2 U(1) 2 Breaking through Z 2, Z 3, Z 4. Z 2 Subgroup H Shift 2V SO() U(1)χ (1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0) SU(6) SU(2) R (0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0) SU(6) SU(2) L (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0) Z 3 Subgroup H Shift 3V SU(3) C SU(3) L SU(3) R (0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0) Z 4 Subgroup H Shift 4V SU(3) C SU(3) L SU(2) R U(1) (0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0) SU(3) C SU(3) R SU(2) L U(1) ( 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0) non-trivial (H i H j ) common invariant subgroups H i H j under two combined shifts Z 2 Z 2 Z 2 Z 3 Z 2 Z 4 Z 3 Z 4 Z 4 Z 4 SU(4) C SU(2) L SU(2) R U(1)χ SU(3) C SU(2) L SU(2) R U(1) B L U(1)χ SU(3) C SU(3) L SU(2) R U(1) SU(3) C SU(3) R SU(2) L U(1) SU(4) C SU(2) L SU(2) R U(1)χ SU(3) C SU(2) L SU(2) R U(1) B L U(1)χ SU(3) C SU(3) L SU(2) R U(1) SU(3) C SU(3) R SU(2) L U(1) SU(3) C SU(2) L SU(2) R U(1) B L U(1)χ Use trinification fixed point SU(3) 3, to discriminate LQ/DQ couplings: 27 3 (3, 1, 3) 3 + (1, 3, 3) 3 + (1, 3, 3) 3 + (3, 1, 3)(1, 3, 3)(1, 3, 3)

38 19/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Model Building Phenomenology

39 20/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Scan of Parameter Space Braam/JRR/Wiesler, ; JRR et al., 20 # free parameters O(0), additional assumptions: - Unified Soft-Breaking terms - Flavour structure Restriction to 14 parameters Constraints: (1) Experimental search limits for new particles (2) Running couplings perturbative up to Λ E6 (3) Scalar (non-higgs) mass terms positive ( No false vacua) 14-dim. parameter space 1 Grid Scan: 28 points Investigation per point (RGE, Higgs potential minimisation, Calculation of masses) 0 ms Lsg.: Monte-Carlo Markov chain through parameter space Effective search for relevant parameter tuples Y SD tanβ Güte

40 21/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Generic Properties of Spectra mass GeV 2000 u d _2 1 b _2 2 d _ t _2 b _ t _1 e _2 Τ _2 e Τ _1 1 Χ 0 Χ Χ _6 Z' 0 _5 0 _4 3 Χ _2 Χ 0 Χ _2 0 _1 A 0 Χ _1 g H'_8 9 H'_7654 H'_123 D_2 h 0 _3 2 h 0 _1 D_1 D Vanishing 1-loop QCD β function Gluino Higgs- and neutralino sector different because of singlet superfield admixture light Z Flavoured Higgs sector: Unhiggses, Unhiggsinos Leptoquarks/Leptoquarkinos

41 22/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, New Particles at the Large Hadron Collider CERN: from March 20 7 TeV pp-collider s = 14 TeV

42 22/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, the Challenge of LHC QCD Partonic subprocesses qq, qg, gg No fixed partonic energy WW proton - (anti)proton cross sections QCD σ tot Tevatron LHC 7 6 R = σl L = 34 cm 1 s 1 σ (nb) σ b σ jet (E jet T > s/20) σ W σ Z σ jet (E jet T > 0 GeV) events/sec for L = 33 cm -2 s -1 High rates for t, W/Z, H, huge backgrounds Â Ø p T σ t σ jet (E jet T > s/4) σ Higgs (M H = 150 GeV) p ÏÏ η p -6 σ Higgs (M H = 500 GeV) s (TeV) -7 e

43 22/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, the Challenge of LHC Partonic subprocesses qq, qg, gg No fixed partonic energy proton - (anti)proton cross sections σ tot Tevatron LHC 7 6 R = σl L = 34 cm 1 s 1 σ (nb) σ b σ jet (E jet T > s/20) σ W σ Z σ jet (E jet T > 0 GeV) events/sec for L = 33 cm -2 s -1 High rates for t, W/Z, H, huge backgrounds ÒØÖ Ð σ t σ jet (E jet T > s/4) σ Higgs (M H = 150 GeV) ÓÖÛ Ö η = 5 ÏÏ η = σ Higgs (M H = 500 GeV) η = 0 s (TeV)

44 23/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Search & Model Discrimination Decay products of heavy particles high-pt jets, many hard leptons Production of coloured particles weakly interacting particles only in decays Dark Matter discrete parity (R, T, KK) evt/ GeV L = 0 fb pt (b/ b) [GeV] new particles only in pairs high energies, long decay chains Dark Matter large missing energy in the detector ( /ET ) Different models/decay chains identical signatures Mass of new particles: endpoints of decay spectra 0.04 Events/1 GeV/0 fb m(ll) (GeV) dp / d(cos θ * ) / SUSY UED PS cos θ * Spin of new particles: Angular correlations, asymmetries,... Model discrimination:measuring coupling constants

45 23/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Search & Model Discrimination Decay products of heavy particles high-pt jets, many hard leptons Production of coloured particles weakly interacting particles only in decays Dark Matter discrete parity (R, T, KK) new particles only in pairs high energies, long decay chains Dark Matter large missing energy in the detector ( /ET ) Different models/decay chains identical signatures Mass of new particles: endpoints of decay spectra q q q L q R q q l l lr l l R χ 0 1 l χ Events/1 GeV/0 fb m(ll) (GeV) dp / d(cos θ * ) / SUSY UED PS cos θ * Spin of new particles: Angular correlations, asymmetries,... Model discrimination:measuring coupling constants

46 23/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Search & Model Discrimination Decay products of heavy particles high-pt jets, many hard leptons Production of coloured particles weakly interacting particles only in decays Dark Matter discrete parity (R, T, KK) new particles only in pairs high energies, long decay chains Dark Matter large missing energy in the detector ( /ET ) Different models/decay chains identical signatures Mass of new particles: endpoints of decay spectra 0.04 Events/1 GeV/0 fb m(ll) (GeV) dp / d(cos θ * ) / SUSY UED PS cos θ * Spin of new particles: Angular correlations, asymmetries,... Model discrimination:measuring coupling constants

47 24/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, WHIZARD Kilian/Ohl/JRR: Edinburgh/Freiburg/Siegen/Würzburg, hep-ph/02195, Multi-Purpose event generator for collider and astroparticle physics Acronym: W, HIggs, Z, And Respective Decays (deprecated) Fast adaptive multi-channel Monte-Carlo integration Very efficient phase space and event generation Optimized/-al matrix elements Recent version: (26..20) und Parton shower (k -geordnet und analytisch) Underlying Event: preliminary (for 2.1) Arbitrary processes: matrix element generator (O Mega) 2.0 Features: ME/PS matching, cascades, versatile new steering syntax, WHIZARD as shared library Interface to FeynRules Christensen/Duhr/Fuks/JRR/Speckner,.3215 Prime example: LHC pheno of HEIDI models Fuks/JRR/Speckner/van der Bij

48 24/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, WHIZARD Kilian/Ohl/JRR: Edinburgh/Freiburg/Siegen/Würzburg, hep-ph/02195, Multi-Purpose event generator for collider and astroparticle physics Focus: LHC, ILC, CLIC, SM, QCD, BSM MODEL TYPE with CKM matrix trivial CKM QED with e, µ, τ, γ QED QCD with d, u, s, c, b, t, g QCD Standard model SM CKM SM SM with anomalous couplings SM ac CKM SM ac SM with anomalous top couplings SM top SM with K matrix SM KM MSSM MSSM CKM MSSM MSSM with Gravitinos MSSM Grav NMSSM NMSSM CKM NMSSM extended SUSY models PSSSM Littlest Higgs Littlest Littlest Higgs with ungauged U(1) Littlest Eta Littlest Higgs with T parity Littlest Tpar Simplest Little Higgs (anomaly free) Simplest Simplest Little Higgs (universal) Simplest univ UED UED 3-Site Higgsless Model Threeshl Noncommutative SM (inoff.) NCSM SM with Z Zprime SM with Gravitino and Photino GravTest Augmentable SM template Template easy to implement new models Interface to FeynRules Christensen/Duhr/Fuks/JRR/Speckner,.3215 Prime example: LHC pheno of HEIDI models Fuks/JRR/Speckner/van der Bij

49 25/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, u + g e Predictions from E 6 GUTs for LHC Braam/JRR/Wiesler, Simulations for the E 6 model with WHIZARD Implementation of Leptoquark/Leptoquarkino + Higgs/weak ino sector Analyses: BRs, cross sections for scalar leptoquarks, S/B Leptoquarkino phenomenology X L Branching Ratio D Decays of D L - e D Yukawa Coupling Y 1 D L D L D L D L D L + u 0 χ + D ~ 1 ~ u L + ~ d L ~ u L + + ~ e L ν ~ e R CrossSection σ [fb] PairProduction q + q D L g + g D L p + p D L * + D L * + D L * + D L Cross section σ [fb] Leptoquark Single Production u + g e - d + g ν + D L + D R + D R Leptoquarkmass M [GeV] LQ Leptoquark mass M [GeV] LQ Cuts Background m D = 0.6 TeV m D = 0.8 TeV m D = 1.0 TeV p T M ll N BG N 1 S 1/ B N 2 S 2/ B N 3 S 3/ B

50 25/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, u + g e Predictions from E 6 GUTs for LHC Braam/JRR/Wiesler, Simulations for the E 6 model with WHIZARD Implementation of Leptoquark/Leptoquarkino + Higgs/weak ino sector Analyses: BRs, cross sections for scalar leptoquarks, S/B Leptoquarkino phenomenology X R Branching Ratio D Decays of D R ν D Yukawa Coupling Y 1 D R D R D R D R D R - e + d + u 0 χ + D ~ 1 ~ u R + ~ u R + ~ e L ~ e R CrossSection σ [fb] PairProduction q + q D L g + g D L p + p D L * + D L * + D L * + D L Cross section σ [fb] Leptoquark Single Production u + g e - d + g ν + D L + D R + D R Leptoquarkmass M [GeV] LQ Leptoquark mass M [GeV] LQ Cuts Background m D = 0.6 TeV m D = 0.8 TeV m D = 1.0 TeV p T M ll N BG N 1 S 1/ B N 2 S 2/ B N 3 S 3/ B

51 26/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Braam/JRR/Wiesler, ; Braam/Horst/Knochel/JRR/Wiesler, 20/11 Invariant mass of lepton and jet # Events/bin 5 4 Signal + Background for: h3 Entries 0 D Mean µ + uµ - µ + L/R RMS D τ + L/R uτ - τ + Invariant mass of lepton and jet # Events/bin 3 Signal + Background for: h3 D µ Entries + uµ - µ + L/R 0 Mean RMS D τ + uτ - τ L/R M [GeV] lj M [GeV] lj p distribution of the lepton T # Events/bin 5 h3 SM Background after cuts (1) Entries 0 Mean Signal: µ D µ µ j 4 RMS L/R 3 2 Processes: SM Background: µ + µ - Signal after cuts(1) j # Events/bin p distribution of the lepton T D-l-q coupl. λ= < cuts: η <3.5 p >50 T R(ll) < 6 Process pp De + ue - e + m D = 600 hbg m Entries 0 D = 800 Mean m RMS D = m D = 1200 m D = 1500 SM Bg: Zj/γj p [GeV] T p [GeV] T

52 27/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Mass Edges for Leptoquarkinos JRR/Wiesler,.4215 Properties of Leptoquarkinos: X Branching Ratio D ~ -1-2 Leptoquarkino Branching Fraction Decays of D ~ D ~ ~ e L + u D ~ ~ e R + u - D ~ ~ u L + e - D ~ ~ u R + e ~ D ~ d L + νe D ~ ν L + d cross section σ [fb] Leptoquarkino production channels pp D ~ D ~ * D ~~ el * D ~~ er D ~~ e L D ~~ e R Leptoquarkino mass M D Identical exclusive final states Leptoquarkino mass M D [GeV] q l ± l q l ql χ 0 2 l R χ 0 1 D χ 0 1 l R χ 0 1 q L χ 0 2 l R χ 0 1 D l+ L χ 0 2 l R q l ± l q l + l ± l

53 27/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Mass Edges for Leptoquarkinos JRR/Wiesler,.4215 Mass edges more dominant because of missing spin correlations m ql,high = max{m ql +, m ql } m ql,low = min{m ql +, m ql } # Events / Bin Invariant Mass Distribution of (q,l) h1 Entries m ql, high SPS1a 0 Mean RMS 70.2 m ql, high LQinos # Events / Bin Invariant Mass Distribution of (q,l) m ql, low h1 SPS1a Entries 0 Mean RMS m ql, low LQinos ql m [GeV] ql m [GeV] Combinatorial backgrounds, combine softest jet and hardest lepton: m ql = m(min E{q 1, q 2 }, max E {l +, l }) # Events / Bin Invariant Mass Distribution * m ql SPS1a h1 Entries m D = 400 GeV 0 Mean m D = 600 GeV RMS m = 800 GeV 5 D m D = 00 GeV m ql [GeV] New mass variable for subtraction of comb. backgrounds JRR/Wiesler

54 28/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Proton Decay in the PSSSM Mallot/JRR, 20 Superpotential (and soft breaking) do not induce proton decay Investigate exchange of E 6 gauge bosons/gauginos Steps from top down: 1. Group-theoretical weights from Clebsch-Gordan decomposition Horst/Mallot/JRR, Calculation of proton-decay Wilson coefficients at Λ GUT 3. Short-distance (SUSY) renormalisation group factor 4. Matching to SM dimension-6 Fermi operators 5. Long-distance (SM/QCD) renormalisation group factor 6. Matching to mesonic/baryonic operators (analogue to chiral perturbation theory) 7. Calculation of baryon decay matrix element and width Yields very conservative estimate: 1/Γ tot (p X) Jahre

55 29/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Summary SUSY GUTs Grand Unified Theories with intermediate breaking Viable scenarios: E 6 SU(3/4) SU(2) L SU(2) R U(1) 2 Possible breaking mechanisms: Higgs vs. Orbifold boundary conditions Proton decay beyond experimental reach Direct hints through chiral exotics at LHC Interesting, but intricate phenomenology at LHC Embedding into heterotic string/f theory Hebecker/Knochel/Ratz/JRR/Vaudrevange Flavour plays important role: continuous vs. discrete symmetries Open questions: flavour, dark matter, SUSY breaking mechanisms

56 29/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Outlook pedo mellon a minno. LHC: new era of physics New particles, new symmetries, new interactions, dark matter Model Building, Phenomenology, Tools Interesting times! Though this be madness, yet there is method in t.. - (Hamlet, Act II, Scene II).

57 29/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Outlook pedo mellon a minno. LHC: new era of physics New particles, new symmetries, new interactions, dark matter Model Building, Phenomenology, Tools Interesting times! Though this be madness, yet there is method in t.. - (Hamlet, Act II, Scene II).

58 29/29 J. R. Reuter Hints of Exceptional Grand Unification at the LHC Hamburg, Outlook pedo mellon a minno. LHC: new era of physics New particles, new symmetries, new interactions, dark matter Model Building, Phenomenology, Tools Interesting times! Though this be madness, yet there is method in t.. - (Hamlet, Act II, Scene II).