U S ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE h AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER. 2KTBRI0R BALLISTICS W TUBE NEAP AND SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKETS (TABLE OF CORTlim) N.B.

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1 WTC-HT-25-1S02-71 M U S ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE h AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER 1 II 2KTBRI0R BALLISTICS W TUBE NEAP AND SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKETS (TABLE OF CORTlim) imt -:.. :~--:-i 3^ ^* :: -k*"4 mam ll;^4 N.B. S*r«bry«kov '- ^ 51#: USSR This dooumnt i» a rtvtdition of tho original foraign taxt uithout cmg CMilgtioal or aditorial eammnt. NATIONAL TECHNICAL i^4for^lation SERVICE '.«>«>«f>«l4.»» Util 'Aff»o««d fiar publk rtbaw; dumrikmioa 'W &

2 ffikmmmnmiww mumim Asama rmttflt tittim OOCUMINT CONTROL DATA «A P tlrnmlt, * UHMhm W MM», *w» rf t«l I «X I^M»M IHHI wmm to mmt i. oiii«j«ti N t ACTivirv ftm^ssmsm) Immmmr memm el»mmmtmm Foreign Seltne«and Taehnology Center US Any Materiel Coanand Department of the kny VnlanitUi ie MOUP Interior Ballistics of Tube Weapons and Solid Propellant Rockets (Table of Contents) 4. MteniPTlvl MOTBt (Tn* InrtHmä imlmlw turn) t rifffliiftim&ssr. muä, UM. gras; M.E. Serebryakov MIPOMT OATI M. CONTRACT ON «HANT NO 3 February 1972 T«. TOTAL NO. Or»*«5 JiZi.» omoinaton*» NBPOMT NUMMMW t. PROJICTMO.,.T * Requester CM Melocik 1». KSTMOUTION TATKMBNT FSTC-HT SK üöwttsr Nora zstztrs* mssss Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. u. iwsnm II.»OMMItlN«MIL!TAUT ACTIVITY US Army Foreign Science and Technology Center The table of contents of a study on the subject of the interior ballistics of tube weapons and solid propellant rockets is given. IMTMM/S eeseatawels»!»*. yum^ify^ r

3 wiiwimiiwk SIFIED 14. LINN Interior Ballistics Solid Rocket Propellant System Gas Dynamics Solid Propellant Combustion Gun Barrel Propellant R and D Propellent Burning Rate SUBJECT CODE: 19 COUNTRY CODE: UR «kl «T NOkl (.IM««LINN C NOLI «T UHCLASSIFTRD

4 TECHNICAL TRANSLATION FSTC-H ENGLISH TITLE: Interior Ballistics of Tube Weapons and Solid Propellant Rocket» (Table of Contents) FOREIGN TITLE: Vnutrennyaya Ballistika Stvol'nykh Sistem i Porokhovykh Raket AUTHOR: M.E. Serebryakov SOURCE: COST, State Scientific and Technical PublisheT«. of Literature on Defense, Moscow, Translated for FSTC by Leo Kanner Associates, Redwood City, Ca. (Eakin) NOTICE The contents o ( this publication have been translated as presented in the original text. No attempt has been made to verify the accuracy of any statement contained herein. This translation is published with a minimum of copy editing and graphics preparation in order to expedite the dissemination of information. Requests for additional copies of this document should be addressed to Department A, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

5 CONTENTS Foreword Basic designations Introduction PART ÜNE The Theoretical Basis of Internal Ballistics / Chapter I. Basic facts of thermodynamics 1. Parameters of the gaseous state 2. Equations of the gaseous state 3. Gas mixtures 4. Thermodynamics processes 5. Heat capacity of a gas 6. Internal energy of a gas 7. External work of a gas 8. The law of conservation of energy. The principle of equivalence of heat and work 9. The first law of thermodynamics 10. A method of investigating thermodynamic processes 11. Enthalpy 12. The isobaric process 13. The isotherraic process 14. The adiabatic process 15. The polytropic process 16. Reversible and nonreversible processes 17. The Camot cycle 18. The second law of thermodynamics 19. Concept of entropy Chapter II. Basic principles of gas dynamics The diversity of gas flows Setting up a problem of a one-dimensional gas flow The equation of motion The equation of conservation of mass / -1-

6 MI« The equation of energy 72 A system of equations 76 The equation of quantity of motion 77 The speed of sound 79 The speed of gas flow 80 Critical parameters of the flow 83 The relationship between pressure and cross-section area of a gas stream. Passage of gas in a second 85 The supersonic nozzle 88 Peculiarities of the supersonic nozzle and conditions of its work 92 A nozzle with a sloping cut-off 96 Propulsion force 97 Specific thrust 104 Chapter III. Principles of burning sdid propellants and the formation of gases in a constant volume Solid propel lants and their characteristics. Classification and arrangement of charges Burning of solid propellants Kinetics of burning solid propellants The relationship between pressure and conditions of loading when burning solid propellants irt-i constant volume The theoretical dependence p=f(t) in burning a solid propellant in a constant volume Loss due to heat transfer into the walls when burning , 12. solid propellants in a constant volume 176 The physical law of burning solid propel lant:. 182 Ppculiarities of burning solid propellants with narrow channels 194 Integral diagrams and their application 205 Ballistic analysis of solid propellants through experiments in manometric bombs 216 Peculiarities of burning combined charges 217 Peculiarities of burning solid propellants in a constant volume with the escape of powder gases through a nozzle 228 PART TWO The Peculiarities of Burning Solid Propellant Charges in a Rocket Chamber Chapter IV. Internal ballistics of solid propellant rockets Peculiarities of burning a solid propellant charge in a rocket chamber The form of solid propellant charges Ignition of afcharge in a rocket's chamber Steadiness of charge burning

7 4. 5. Influence of the charge temperature and heat losses in the process of its burning Durability and fragility of a solid propellant charge The mechanism of burning solid rocket fuel. The phenomenon of erosion 8. Solving a problem of internal ballistics for solid propellant rockets 9. Understanding turbo-reactive shells 10. On new types of solid fuels for rockets / PART THREE The Physical Fundamentals of the Phenomenon of Firing from Barrel Systems ' Chapter V. Physical Bases of the process of firing up to the departure of the shell from the bore channel The phenomenon of firing, the basic processes and dependencies [Note: page Researching the basic dependencies in firing numbers not Forces created by the movement of the shell along the given are grooved bore. illegible Secondary reaction of solid propellant gases in firing in the The dependency between pressure on the bottom of the original.] channel and on the bottom of the shell Influence of the shape of the chamber on the process of pressure development 5. Estimate of heat transfer through the walls of the bore in weapons in firing Chapter VI. The period of aftereffects of gas-is on the shell and on the bore Aftereffects of gases on the bore. recoil without muzzle briking Muzzle brakes Aftereffects of gases on the shell The theory of free PART FOUR The Basic Problem of Internal Ballistics and Methods of Its Solution Solving Problems of Internal Ballistics and the Basic Principles of the Process of Firing for Bore Systems iv Chapter VII, Solving the basic problem of internal ballistiöp üy analytical methods 1. Setting up the problem, a system of equations, basic allowances -3-

8 7. 2. The analytical method of solving a basic problem with the geometrical law of burning Solving a problem of internal ballistics for a combined charge Solving a problem of internal ballistics on the basis of the physical law of burning Chapter VIII. Numerical methods, tables, correction formulas. Concepts of the application of electronic digital computers , Numerical methods of solution Tables for solving problems of internal ballistics Basic observations from the theory of similarity Correction formulas of internal ballistics Understanding the solution of a problem of internal ballistics with the aid of rapid-action calculating machines Chapter IX. Basic principles of the process of firing under different loading conditions The case of instant propellant burning Basic dependencies for solid fuel with a constant surface burning for po= Maintaining p max =const, when several loading conditions are changing Influence of change of the burning rate law on the change of several ballistic characteristics in firing The influence of the shape of the powder and its dimensions on the pressure of the gases and the speed of the projectile The influence of the change of forcing pressure PO on the change of the ballistic elements of firing The influence of steady cutting of the band of the shell in the rifling on the ballistics elements of firing 554 Chapter X. Ballistic design of bore systems of the usual type A problem of ballistic design of a bore On* the history of the development of ballistic gun design in the Soviet Union The ballistic characteristics of weapons Theoretical fundamentals of ballistic projection of weapons The development of a method of ballistical design The practice of ballistic calculation Ballistic projection in combined charges Additional information

9 mufmimmmmim. Chapter XI. Peculiarities of certain special types of bore weapons Peculiarities of internal ballistics of firing weapons Peculiarities of internal ballistics in the firing of subcaliber shells Understanding the peculiarities of internal ballistics of bores with conical.channels Ballistic possibilities of solid propellants of a high progresslveness Using light gases for obtaining very high initial speeds 656 Chapter XII. Bore systems with escaping gases during the burning of the propellant Undsrstanding the peculiarities of the internal ballistics of gas-dynamic weapons Peculiarities of internal ballistic non-recoiling weapons (BO) Peculiarities of internal ballistics of mine-throwers 682 Bibliography; To the first part 697 To the second part 697 To the third part 698 To the fourth part 698