GSI Future Facility. Primary Beams. Secondary Beams. Storage and Cooler Rings. Key Technical Features

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Ella Atkinson
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GSI Future Facility SIS 100/300 Primary Beams 10 12 /s; 1.

2 GSI Future Facility SIS 100/300 Primary Beams /s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238 U 28+ Factor over present in intensity 2(4)x10 13 /s 30 GeV protons /s 238 U 73+ up to 25 (- 35) GeV/u UNILAC 100 m FRS SIS ESR CR p Target Super FRS HESR Secondary Beams Broad range of radioactive beams up to GeV/u; up to factor in intensity over present Antiprotons 3 (0) - 30 GeV Storage and Cooler Rings Key Technical Features NESR Cooled beams Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets Radioactive beams e A collider stored and cooled GeV antiprotons

Summary of Research Areas at the GSI Future Facility Structure and

astrophysics Fundamental symmetries Hadron Structure and Quark-Gluon

freedom Confinement and chiral symmetry Hypernuclear physics Nuclear

phase diagram Compressed nuclear/strange matter Deconfinement and

Compression Properties of high density plasmas Phase transitions and

High EM-Fields and Applications - Ions & Petawatt Laser QED and

Temperature [ev] Magnetic Fusion Sun Surface Laser Heating Ideal

3 Summary of Research Areas at the GSI Future Facility Structure and Dynamics of Nuclei - Radioactive Beams Nucleonic matter Nuclear astrophysics Fundamental symmetries Hadron Structure and Quark-Gluon Dynamics - Antiprotons Non-pertubative QCD Quark-gluon degrees of freedom Confinement and chiral symmetry Hypernuclear physics Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma - Relativistic HI - Beams Nuclear phase diagram Compressed nuclear/strange matter Deconfinement and chiral symmetry Physics of Dense Plasmas and Bulk Matter - Bunch Compression Properties of high density plasmas Phase transitions and equation of state Laser - ion interaction with and in plasmas Ultra High EM-Fields and Applications - Ions & Petawatt Laser QED and critical fields Ion - laser interaction Ion - matter interaction Temperature [ev] Magnetic Fusion Sun Surface Laser Heating Ideal plasmas Density [cm -3 ] PHELIX Ion Beam Heating Jupiter SIS 18 solid state density Stronglycoupled plasmas Inertial Cofinement Fusion Sun Core

4 HESR - High Energy Storage Ring Production rate 2x10 7 /sec P beam N stored = 1-15 GeV/c _ = 5x10 10 p Internal Target High luminosity mode High resolution mode Lumin. = 2 x cm 2 s 1 δp/p ~ 10 4 (stochastic cooling) δp/p ~ 10 5 (electron cooling) Lumin. = cm 2 s 1

5 HESR - High Energy Storage Sincrotron?? Ring Production rate 2x10 7 /sec P beam N stored = 1-15 GeV/c _ = 5x10 10 p Internal Target High luminosity mode High resolution mode Lumin. = 2 x cm 2 s 1 δp/p ~ 10 4 (stochastic cooling) δp/p ~ 10 5 (electron cooling) Lumin. = cm 2 s 1

Antiproton Main Physics Program Charmonium ( cc ) spectroscopy: precision measurements of mass, width, decay branches of all charmonium states, especially for

Search for modifications of meson properties in the nuclear medium, and their possible relationship to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry for light

6 Antiproton Main Physics Program Charmonium ( cc ) spectroscopy: precision measurements of mass, width, decay branches of all charmonium states, especially for extracting information on the quark confinement. Search for gluonic excitations (charmed hybrids, glueballs) in the charmonium mass range (3 5 GeV/c 2 ). Search for modifications of meson properties in the nuclear medium, and their possible relationship to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry for light quarks. Precision γ-ray spectroscopy of single and double hypernuclei for Extracting information on their structure and on the hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interaction.

7 ! η

8 " # $!%&&%'%&&() # * ' +

9 ! η η, #

10 (.(5657/6/89 η, 00&( γγ : : * π - 1"=&( γγ : : * π -! > 0"11"&( * ' ;<ψ 4 0"11"&% 0 : 2: : * π ψ2%3 γ4 ( -& (.&& (.%& (./& (..& (.-&

11 ! η η, # D6! Discrepancy of the decay modes with respect to theory

12 η c η c J/ψ ψ Mass ± ± ±.01 Decay channels studied Total BR seen (%) ± χ c ± χ c ± χ c ± h c 2? 0 ~ Decay Channels With error <30% ψ (3770) ±2.4 2 ~ 0 1 ψ (3836) 3836±13 1 ~ 0 0 X(3872) ±0.6 3 ~ 0 0 ψ (4040) 4040±10 6 ~ 0 1 ψ (4160) 4159±20 1 ~ 0 0 ψ (4415) 4415±6 2 ~ 0 0

13 Charmonium Physics e + e Ψ γχ 1,2 γγj/ψ γγe + e _ p p χ 1,2 γj/ψ γe + e e+e interactions: - Only 1 states are formed - Other states only by secondary decays (moderate mass resolution) _ pp reactions: - All states directly formed (very good mass resolution) _ Br( pp η c ) = Br(e + 0 6<%89 ( && ( %&89 0 "-( ψ) Br(ψ γη c ) = "-( 6< " 8

14 Charmonium Physics Expect 1/2 fb -1 (like CLEO C) pp (>5.5 GeV/c) J/ψ 10 9 /d pp (>5.5 GeV/c) χ c2 ( J/ψ γ) 10 7 /d pp (>5.5 GeV/c) η c ( φφ) 10 4 /d rec.? Comparison to E835 Momentum increase from 9 GeV/c to 15 GeV/c Luminosity 10 times higher Detector with magnetic field Better p/p (x 10) Dedicated machine with stable conditions Conveneer Charmonium Physics group: D. Bettoni Ferrara

15 CD EF CG+ H( '* 8EF 2Eq32Eq3 J# 2Eq3 "+ EE '% & %&&& /&&& 89< % +!

16 CD EF CG+ H( I 8EF 2Eq32Eq3 J# 2Eq3 % '* "+ EE '% & %&&& /&&& 89< % c #!

17 G"+ H6 p 6 f 0 (980) f 0 (1500) f 0 (1370) f 0 (1710) η(1410); η(1460) f 1 (1420) π 1 (1400) π 1 (1600) π (1800) π 2 (1900) π 1 (2000) a 2 (2100) Main non-qq candidates 4q state 0 ++ glueball candidate 0 ++ glueball candidate 0 ++ glueball candidate 0 + glueball candidate hybrid, 4q state hybrid candidate 1 + hybrid candidate 1 + hibrid candidate 0 + hybrid candidate 2 + hybrid candidate 1 + hybrid candidate 1 ++

18 ! 8 J 8 J 8 ; "+ E σ K@&& "+!Eq # #E σ K@µ K@µ # ; J J

19 ! L Flux tube-model predicts H DD** (+c.c.) decays If m H <4290 MeV/c 2 Γ H < 50 MeV/c 2 L Some exotics can decay neither to DD nor to DD*+c.c. L Gluonic excitations of the quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states L LQCD: &?&6 m H ~ GeV ; J PC 1 -+ e.g.: J PC (H)=0 +- Flux-tube allowed χ c0 ω,χ c0 φ,χ c2 ω,χ c2 φ, η c, h 1, h 1c η Flux-tube forbidden J/ψf 2,J/ψ(ππ) S Small number of final states with small phase space 000!+ K(&&6 #

20 Light gg/ggg-systems are complicated to be identified Oddballs: exotic heavy glueballs m(0 +- ) = 4740(50)(200) MeV m(2 +- ) = 4340(70)(230) MeV Width unknown, but! nature invests more likely in mass than in momentum good prob. to see in charm channels Same run period as hybrids

21 " =ED 8 C EF> ##F# 6 J!! FM

Hadrons in nuclear matter Since density increase in nuclear matter is possible a partial restoration of chiral symmetry Light quarks are sensitive to quark

22 Hadrons in nuclear matter Since density increase in nuclear matter is possible a partial restoration of chiral symmetry Light quarks are sensitive to quark condensate Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been observed Deeply bound pionic atoms Kaon-production environments ' ' N π?&65- π K - K - K + K +

23 " 8 9<!+ ' D + I ' ) * ' #) <'6 O :=<$= : O ' % 89 O * : '% ' * * ' ' J" : ' ' &89 * P?P & /. 5 C293

24 " The lowering of the DD thresh. allow Ψ,χ c2 charmonium states to decay into this channel! D 6!! Idea Study relative changes of yield and width of the charmonium state Ψ(3770). BR into + (10-5 in free space) 9< % / (6- (6. (6/ (6% ( 8 ψ2@ 3 η & 3 ψ2( 3 ψ2% 3 χ %2@ ( % 3 3 ( & 3 ψ2@ 3 ()5/ & () / %ρ & #R66 )"6#6;6@5)2%&&(3%5

J/ψ Absorption in Nuclei Important for the understanding of

understanding of heavy ion collisions p _ ;<ψ Related to QGP

Fermi-smeared cc-production J/ψ, ψ or interference region

25 J/ψ Absorption in Nuclei Important for the understanding of heavy ion collisions Related to QGP Important for the understanding of heavy ion collisions p _ ;<ψ Related to QGP # Reaction p + A J/Ψ + (A-1) e + e - A complete Fermi-smeared cc-production J/ψ, ψ or interference region selected by p-momentum Longitudinal and transverse Fermidistribution is measurable

26 Hypernuclear Physics Use pp Interaction to produce a hyperon beam (t~10-10 s) which is tagged by the antihyperon or its decay products quark-gluon string model (Kaidalov & Volkovitsky) u d s Λ 0 d d s Σ _ Ξ + Ξ d s s Ξ s s s Ω

27 Production of Double Hypernuclei S (9< : Ξ $ % Ξ $ S Ξ Ξ $ ΛΛ #&'"( &) &) *+* *+*,Ξ,Ξ + + -) -)!$!$ γ Ξ $ 2323 Λ23 Λ23 Λ Λ #&'"( γ.).) γ$ γ$ *$ *$

28 Expected Counting Rate Ingredients (golden events) luminosity cm -2 s -1 Ξ + Ξ - cross section 2mb for pp 700 Hz p ( MeV/c) p Ξ + reconstruction probability 0.5 stopping and capture probability p CAP 0.20 total captured Ξ / day Ξ - to ΛΛ-nucleus conversion probability p ΛΛ 0.05 total ΛΛ hypernucleus production 4500 /month gamma emission/event, p γ 0.5 γ-ray peak efficiency p GE 0.1 ~7/day golden γ-ray events (Ξ + trigger) ~700/day with KK trigger γ' ##!

29 Other physics topics #9 'R '2<Λ X 3 ' & D & + 8 B@& '- ' # #ΛΛ 8 ' ' #I + µ + ν (BR 10-4 ) T U%6VU@&9 % 1?%W@& (% ( d Q * µ + ν

30 Other physics topics " $$ C'1F%&9 % < / '

31 QCD systems to be studied at PANDA

32 EI #/π 2!#3 # 5 <3 2γ) ) µ) π):)3 2K@Y3 +): & ) Λ2 τ?(@5µ7 3 2) µ):)) Λ3 2J# +3

PANDA Detector (top view) DIRC: Detecting Internally Reflected Cherenkov light target spectrometer straw tube tracker mini drift chambers muon counter forward spectrometer

33 PANDA Detector (top view) DIRC: Detecting Internally Reflected Cherenkov light target spectrometer straw tube tracker mini drift chambers muon counter forward spectrometer iron yoke Solenoidal magnet electromagnetic calorimeter micro vertex detector Length: ~2 m upstream, ~10 m downstream The costs for the detector are estimated to be 49.5 M

35 PANDA magnets The preferred solution for the magnet system consists of two large scale magnets which, combined, would provide both an azimuthally symmetric almost 4π spectrometer and a zerodegree magnet spectrometer for forward emitted particles. View View of of the the PANDA PANDA superconducting superconducting solenoid solenoid and and conventional conventional dipole dipole Side Side view view of of the the PANDA PANDA magnet magnet assembly assembly

solenoid magnetic magnetic field field components components with with the

36 PANDA magnets The Genova group is involved in the design of the magnet assembly (Dirac secondary beam design EU contract) PANDA PANDA solenoid solenoid magnetic magnetic field field components components with with the the standard standard layout layout The in-omogeneity in the tracking region is about ±15%

PANDA magnets The Genova group has studied a new solenoid layout that reduce in-omogeneity to ±1.5% Field axial component T 2.0 Ampere-turn of the solenoid MA 5.

37 PANDA magnets The Genova group has studied a new solenoid layout that reduce in-omogeneity to ±1.5% Field axial component T 2.0 Ampere-turn of the solenoid MA 5.24 Nominal operational current A 1568 Design current density MA/m Stored energy MJ 16.3 Self inductance H 13.3 Coil Coil layout Maximum field in the superconducting winding at operational current T 3.3 Main Parameters of the Solenoid.

38 PANDA magnets By adding 30 cm to the solenoid length the omogeneity can be kept at the level of 1.5% The incresement of the magnet cost will be of the order of 10% Inside the Technical Board Genova has the responsability for the magnet system

39 /+ Three different targets are under study: Cluster-jet target (present density atoms/cm 2 ) Pellet target (present density atoms/cm 2 ) fiber/wire target for D physics and p-nuclei studies Density atoms/cm 2 diam.=20-40 µm

40 /+ The cluster-jet target of the E835 experiment constructed by the Genova INFN is now at GSI Goal: increase of the hydrogen cluster-jet density studying different nozzle designs optimisation of nozzle skimmer interaction This activity is carried on inside the JRA7 of I3HP EU program

41 Micro Vertex Detector Side view Conversion Prob: ~3%, primary e + e - ~3.6%

Micro Vertex Detector U/INFN Catania U/INFN Torino PANDA_Ge Anni 2006 2007 Materiale di consumo 85 k 90 k

42 Micro Vertex Detector U/INFN Catania U/INFN Torino PANDA_Ge Anni Materiale di consumo 85 k 90 k Materiale inv 25 k + 75 (sj) 30 k +90 (sj) TOTALE 110 k + 75 (sj) 120 k +90 (sj) k +90 (sj) 30 k 155 k +90 (sj)

43 */ /0 p/p p/p ~1% ~1% light light materials to to reduce γγconversion self self supporting structure! ~6000 ~6000 straw straw tubes tubes double double layers layers odd odd layers layers have have skew skew angles angles between o o tube tube length length m tube tube diameters 6, 6, 8 mm mm

44 1 F ##CC! $# #I =Z I F # 1I # F "+ : p ;<ψ*φ 2?/6/9< % 3 J/ψ µ + µ - Φ Κ + Κ - σ(j/ψ) σ(j/ψ) = MeV/c MeV/c 2 2 σ(φ) σ(φ) = MeV/c MeV/c 2 2

45 1 Momentum resolution of STT with different cathod materials

46 231 1$C F %&&/[ C Flow Strip g/(%rh) (%tension)/(%rh) 100%Ar Kapton Kapton carbonate 1.08± ± ± ± %CO2 100%CO2 100%Ar Kapton Kapton carbonate Mylar aluminised F Kapton carbonatealuminised Mylar Mylar aluminised E Mylar 1.11± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.07 relaxation(%) %Ar 22.2%CO 2 kapton A mylar D carb kapton B alum mylar E carb-alum kapton C alum mylar F 100%CO2 Mylar aluminised E 0.99± ± %CO 2 100%CO CO2(%) Strips Strips relaxation relaxation percentage percentage at at four four different different Ar Ar + + CO CO 2 gas 2 gas mixture mixture

47 231 %&&!## Cost estimate for the STT

48 231 C 6!# $!' "'! Anni Materiale di consumo Materiale inventariabile Totale

49 231 Realization of a first prototype with 15 tubes glued together Straw Tube layout End-plug design pin

50 231 Straw Straw Tube Tube sample sample Inner Inner diam.: diam.: 6 mm mm Cathode mat. mat. :: Kapton Kapton XC XC µm µm + Al Al laminated Kapton Kapton µm µm (Al (Al µm) µm) Total Total tickness ~ µm µm 40µm Kapton XC-160 Laminated Kapton-Alu

51 PID with DIRC GEANT4 simulation

52 Electromagnetic Calorimeter PbWO 4 - CsI(Tl) - BGO Length = 17 X 0 APD readout (in field) pp J/Ψ η µµ γγ e/π Separation

53 Muon Detector Also for the muon tracker two options are under investigation: Conceptual design of the PANDA Muon system: muon stations are drawn in deep blue Torino_mu group is leading the muon identification group

54 Muon Detector Option 1: Scintillation counters Total cost 500 k

55 Muon Detector Option 2: Mini-Drift Tubes Mini-Drift tubes (MDT) cross-section Gas mixture coord. acc. [mm] (rms) time res. [ns] ageing eff. plateau CF 4 :CH 4 90: (*) > 2 C/cm 400V Total cost k Ar:CO 2 70: (*) > 1 C/cm 200V (*) angle range 0 30

56 $ $ $ $ $ 26 $ *6 *8$ 9):)6 9))) 0)0\)0 )0)$0 ))!))")")$)$F) ))!))6# JF) $];^ );):! )1Z)1$)8Z) 8)8F)C_8^ )8^)!) 0F))=)=#) J")6) F) 66C)6$6C) C )C)C1_)C^) _)9 )Q!)C_Q!)Q!!"""!

57 Antiproton Annihilation at Darmstadt at the High Energy Storage Ring at GSI 1+ I $ 1$2A 6(63` C$6$ 6_6 2@/ 6/63` C$6$ 6_6_662/ 6%3` $2/ 6%653` $_62A 6/6%3` 12. 6(3` C$_62% 6&6.3` $$_62/ 6&63` 8

58 , Charmonium spectroscopy Search for gluonic excitations/ exotics Genova INFN Ferrara INFN e Univ. Frascati LNF Pavia INFN e Univ. Modifications of meson properties in the nuclear medium Milano INFN e Univ. Double hypernuclei Torino INFN dip. Fisica Sper. Univ. e Politecnico Catania LNS Deeply Virtual Compton scattering and Drell Yan processes Time-like proton form factors Torino INFN dip. Fisica Gen. Univ. e Univ. Piemonte orient. Trieste INFN e Univ.

59 > 0 "( _<$)C_)_ ")$]; ) _8Z)J")_<$ C 2S3 $ _<$) C)_ 8Z):CJ F)_<$C 2S3,6 2;2!;/< _<$$)U/INFN Trieste JINR Dubna, U Giessen, U Glasgow, GSI, FZ Julich, IMEP Vienna /06 //;/ ;) 1$$ )_<$ $)$]; )81Z)C_ 8 )U/INFN Pavia, _C) "+ _!)JINR Dubna, U/INFN Genova, U Glasgow, IMP Lanzhou =;/++;$$ U Cracow, U Giessen, GSI, FZ Julich, U Katowice, U/INFN Milano, U/INFN Torino, SINS Warsaw + _0 )_0)_!)) $]; )U/INFN Pavia, TU Munchen, Politecnico Torino, SINS Warsaw In red italian Interests " 6"9 JINR Dubna, U/INFN Torino (PANDA_Mu)

60 "+ Spokesperson: Prof. Ulrich Wiedner (Sweden) Deputy: Dr. Paola Gianotti (Italy) Coordination Board One rep. per group (47, 10 from Italy) Technical Board Chair: Technical coord. Schmitt Lars (GSI) Chair: Technical coord. Schmitt Lars (GSI) Spokesman Deputy Spokesman Deputy Accelerator Liaison Dieter Prasuhn, Herbert Orth Accelerator Liaison Dieter Prasuhn, Herbert Orth Magnets Günther Rosner, Renzo Parodi Magnets Günther Rosner, Renzo Parodi Targets Inti Lehmann (Pellet Target) Alfons Khoukaz Targets Inti Lehmann (Pellet Target) Alfons Khoukaz MVD Kai T. Brinkmann, Daniela Calvo MVD Kai T. Brinkmann, Daniela Calvo Outer Tracker Paola Gianotti (STT) Bernhard Ketzer (TPC) Outer Tracker Paola Gianotti (STT) Bernhard Ketzer (TPC) EMC (Barrel) Rainer Novotny EMC (Barrel) Rainer Novotny Charged Particle ID Carsten Schwarz (DIRC+TOF) Charged Particle ID Carsten Schwarz (DIRC+TOF) RICH Ralf Kaiser RICH Ralf Kaiser Muon Counters Maria Pia Bussa Muon Counters Maria Pia Bussa Forward Spectrometer Jerzy Smyrski (Tracking + calorimeters) Forward Spectrometer Jerzy Smyrski (Tracking + calorimeters) Ge-Detector Josef Pochodzalla Ge-Detector Josef Pochodzalla DAQ/Trigger Wolfgang Kühn DAQ/Trigger Wolfgang Kühn Computing/Simulation Bertram Kopf / Matthias Steinke Computing/Simulation Bertram Kopf / Matthias Steinke Mechanical Integration Joel Pouthas Mechanical Integration Joel Pouthas Infrastructure Bernd Lewandowski Infrastructure Bernd Lewandowski Speaker/Editorial Board Chair: Jim Ritman Chair: Jim Ritman Deputy: Diego Bettoni Deputy: Diego Bettoni Members: Alessandro Feliciello, Johna Members: Alessandro Feliciello, Johna Marton, Albrecth Gillitzer Marton, Albrecth Gillitzer In red italian responsability

61 (6-8 (6 &65 PANDA Detector costs C C F '; QC 8 9+!C C\ 0 23 $! 2 3 $! 23 0C=$ 8 2C3 8 28C3 &6/ &6% %6- (6% &6( &6 "6 $! %6( J# # &6-

62 D<C /6% PANDA Detector costs = "+ # /A6

63 ,B Rivelatore Solenoide SC Dipolo (2Tm) Costo [M ] Anno Totale 6.3 ANNI GRAN TOTALE Missioni interne 70,0 70,0 100,0 240 Missioni estere Materiale di consumo Meccanica straw tube Rivelatori di vertice Rivelatori al Ge Rivelatore tof a fibre Materiale Totale inventariabile Rivelatori di muoni prot. elett Totale 720 Bersaglio 1500 Costruzione straw tube Rivelatori 2720 di vertice Rivelatori al Ge Rivelatore tof a fibre Rivelatori di mouni elettronica read-out Totale 2.35 Bersaglio Elettronica straw tube Rivelatori di vertice Rivelatori al Ge Rivelatore tof a fibre Sistema DAQ Totale 2.25 Gran Totale 12.5

64 FAIR construction cost Accumulated Costs for FAIR Preparation and Planning Phase Construction Phase Personnel Sum Total incl. escalation 200,0 180,0 160,0 140,0 120,0 M io. E U R O 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 0, Year total cost: 989 Mio

65 PAC recommendations on PANDA PANDA is a core experiment at FAIR. The physics program is expected to deliver very important results and has been discussed in CDR and reiterated in this Technical Progress Report. The PAC welcomes the TDR, which is a comprehensive and clear report that addresses all relevant questions. Since the LoI, very good progress towards the final detector design has been made. The PAC believes the experiment to be feasible with present technology and the human resources in the collaboration appear to be adequate. The committee agrees that the requested antiproton beam time of 6 months per year would be adequate. The PAC encourages focusing on adequate and cost effective solutions, and to choose between alternatives as soon as possible. R&D should be pursued vigorously to clarify remaining questions (pellet target, thinner pixel detectors, DIRC readout, forward magnet, high-rate TPC). The cost of the PANDA detector (49.5 M e contingency is needed for technical risks. There is only little room for staging of the detector. Overall, the PAC considers the risk associated with the PANDA detector as low for a project at this stage.

Perspectives with PANDA. The new accelerator complex of GSI The antiproton s s activity The PANDA scientific program Paola Gianotti LNF

Perspectives with PANDA. The new accelerator complex of GSI The antiproton s s activity The PANDA scientific program Paola Gianotti LNF Perspectives with PANDA The new accelerator complex of GSI The antiproton s s activity The PANDA scientific program Paola Gianotti LNF FAIR The GSI future facility FAIR Facility for Antiproton and Ion