Neutron source: with Liquid D 2 cold neutron moderator. TRIGA = Training Research Isotopes from General Atomics. Neutron elliptical focusing reflector

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1 Mini-Workshop, WU St. Louis, February 11, 2011 Yuri Kamyshkov/ University it of Tennessee

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3 Neutron source: 34MW 3.4 annular core research TRIGA reactor with Liquid D 2 cold neutron moderator TRIGA = Training Research Isotopes from General Atomics Reactor schematic of B. Whittemore, GA Neutron elliptical focusing reflector

4 Simulation Model of B. Wehring, NCSU NE

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6 3.4 MW annular core TRIGA MCNP simulations with LD2 cold moderator (r=13 cm) (B. Wehring, Nov. 2007) Other TRIGA features: least expensive e fuel option; simplest cooling option fuel reload every 1-3 years TRIGA is known as a safetiest research reactor

7 neutron fluxes in NAA irradiation volumes are: thermal: 1E+12 to 1E+13 n/cm2/s fast: ~ 1E+11 n/cm2/s Dry tube irradiation &NAA Prompt activation analysis Ge cold n Delayed n activation analysis pneumatic rabbit NNbar

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12 FYI: Research reactors are different from the power reactors; the latter can not be used for NNbar search

13 Research reactors in India Will India be interested to purchase/build a TRIGA or similar reactor?

14 Diagram of cyclotron operation from Lawrence's 1934 patent

15 + SINQ spallation neutron source

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17 Development of a new, compact, cheap, superconducting, high-current h proton accelerator will be required; Goal is to provide a source of neutrinos; For pion production proton kin energy > 650 MeV will be desirable (<1.5 GeV); Number of neutrinos power of machine (~ 1 MW or more will be desirable) Power [MW] = Current [ma] Energy[GeV] Optimal energy for neutron production (yield per unit energy) is 1.3 GeV DAE DALUS Collaboration is inspiring i i and coordinating a new accelerator development involving LBNL, BATES lab at MIT, and international collaborators (Italy) UT group joint DAE DALUS recently.

18 Basic accelerator parameters needed by DAE DALUSDALUS

19 From Wikipedia: Nobel laureate Carlo Rubbia at CERN has worked on developing the use of thorium as a cheap, clean and safe alternative to uranium in reactors. Rubbia states that a tonne of thorium can produce as much energy as 200 tonnes of uranium, or 3,500,000 tonnes of coal. One of the early pioneers of the technology was U.S. physicist Alvin Weinberg at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, who helped develop a working nuclear plant using liquid fuel in the 1960s. There are more Th than U in the Earth crust 25% of world resources of thorium are in India (but no U) known interest of India to the development of Th accelerator technology

20 Collaboration between FNAL and India exist for the development of Project X ( India might contribute ~$250M to Project X Indian contact for Project X at FNAL is Shekar Mishra

21 Google: high-current superconducting cyclotron India

22 Can be annular core research reactor be built in India for NANO? Can TRIGA annular core be purchased by India from GA in USA? Can we get ADS people in India to collaborate with us on NANO? First accelerator prototype of ~0.2 MW power (~1% power needed d for ADS) might be already good for NANO Spallation target development might be also of interest for ADS people