CHAPTER 8. Mangrove Diversity & Correlation
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1 CHAPTR 8 Mangrove iversity & Correlation 227
2 1. MANGROV IVRSITY & CORRLATION 9.1. STIMATION OF BIOIVRSITY Biological diversity can be quantified in many different ways. The two main factors taken into account when measuring diversity are richness and evenness. Richness is a measure of the number of different kinds of organisms present in a particular area. For example, species richness is the number of different species present. However, diversity depends not only on richness, but also on evenness. venness compares the similarity of the population size of each of the species present. 1. Richness The number of species per sample is a measure of richness. The more species present in a sample, the 'richer' the sample. 2. venness venness is a measure of the relative abundance of the different species making up the richness of an area. A diversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types (such as species) there are in a dataset, and simultaneously takes into account how evenly the basic entities (such as individuals) are distributed among those types. The value of a diversity index increases both when the number of types increases and when evenness increases. For a given number of types, the value of a diversity index is maximized when all types are equally abundant. 's Index 's diversity takes into account the number of species present, as well as the relative abundance of each species. As species richness and evenness increase, so diversity increases. 's Index () measures the probability that two individuals 228
3 randomly selected from a sample will belong to the same species (or some category other than species). The formula for calculating is- n i n N N i 1 1 Where, n i = the total number of organisms of each individual species N = the total number of organisms of all species The value of ranges from 0 to 1. With this index, 0 represents infinite diversity and, 1, no diversity. That is, the bigger the value the lower the diversity. index The index has been a popular diversity index in the ecological literature, where it is also known as 's diversity index, the -Wiener index, the -Weaver index and the entropy. The measure was originally proposed by Claude to quantify the entropy (uncertainty or information content) in strings of text. The idea is that the more different letters there are, and the more equal their proportional abundances in the string of interest, the more difficult it is to correctly predict which letter will be the next one in the string. The entropy quantifies the uncertainty (entropy or degree of surprise) associated with this prediction. Like 's index, 's index accounts for both abundance and evenness of the species present. The proportion of species i relative to the total number of species (p i ) is calculated, and then multiplied by the natural logarithm of this proportion (lnp i ). The resulting product is summed across species, and multiplied by -1: p i = proportion of total sample represented by species i S = number of species/ species richness; 229
4 's equitability ( H ) can be calculated by dividing H by H max (here H max = lns). quitability assumes a value between 0 and 1 with 1 being complete evenness. Parker index The Parker index equals the maximum value in the dataset, i.e. the proportional abundance of the most abundant type. This corresponds to the weighted generalized mean of the values when q approaches infinity, and hence equals the inverse of true diversity of order infinity (1/ ). The Broken Stick model The broken stick model is a model of the abundance of species in a habitat. 230
5 stmation of Mangrove iversity inside Sundarban Tiger Reserve BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN ARBSI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
6 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN BAGMARA BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
7 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN CHAMTA BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
8 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN CHANKHALI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var Brillouin HB Brillouin
9 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN CHOTTOHARI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
10 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN GONA BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
11 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN GOSABA BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
12 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN HARINBHANGA BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
13 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN JHILLA BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
14 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN KHATUAJHURI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var Brillouin HB Brillouin
15 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN MATLA BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
16 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN MAYAWIP BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
17 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN NTIHOPANI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
18 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN PANCHMUKHANI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
19 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN PIRKHALI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
20 stmation of Mangrove iversity inside Sundarban Reserve Forest (Outside S.T.R.) BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN AJMALMARI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
21 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN HROBHANGA BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
22 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN ULIBASANI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
23 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN CHULLKATI BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
24 BIOIVRSITY TABL OF MANGROVS IN THAKURAN BLOCK / Parker 1/d Var
25 9.1. Correlation Study The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is a measure of the linear correlation (dependence) between two variables X and Y, giving a value between +1 and 1 inclusive, where 1 is total positive correlation, 0 is no correlation, and 1 is negative correlation. It is widely used in the sciences as a measure of the degree of linear dependence between two variables. Pearson's correlation coefficient between two variables is defined as the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations. The form of the definition involves a "product moment", that is, the mean (the first moment about the origin) of the product of the mean-adjusted random variables; hence the modifier product-moment in the name. A one-tailed (one sided) correlation is one that specifies the direction of the correlation, while a two-tailed (2 sided) hypothesis is one that does not. p value to indicates significance. 251
26 CORRLATION BTWN SOIL SALINITY AN NUMBR OF PLANT SPCIS IN SUNARBAN TIGR RSRV, INIA Pearson Product Moment Correlation - Ungrouped ata Statistic Variable X Variable Y Mean Biased Variance Biased Standard eviation Covariance Correlation etermination T-Test p-value (2 sided) p-value (1 sided) egrees of Freedom 14 Number of Observations
27 SCATTR IAGRAM 253
28 CORRLATION BTWN SOIL SALINITY AN NUMBR OF PLANT SPCIS IN SUNARBAN RSRV FORST (OUTSI S.T.R.) Pearson Product Moment Correlation - Ungrouped ata Statistic Variable X Variable Y Mean Biased Variance Biased Standard eviation Covariance Correlation etermination T-Test p-value (2 sided) p-value (1 sided) egrees of Freedom 4 Number of Observations 5 254
29 SCATTR IAGRAM 255
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