PHY1020 BASIC CONCEPTS IN PHYSICS I
|
|
- Bertina Davidson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PHY1020 BASIC CONCEPTS IN PHYSICS I The Problem of Motion 1 How can we predict the motion of everyday objects?
2 ZENO (CA BC) AND ONENESS Motion is impossible! If all is one as Parmeinides said then motion is just an illusion Zeno put together a number of paradoxes to show that motion does not really occur 2 Zeno and his paradoxes
3 ACHILLES AND THE TORTOISE Set-up: Achilles lets the tortoise start a little ahead of him to give him a head start During the race: Achilles must first get to the position where the tortoise started, during which time the tortoise has moved forward by some distance. Achilles then moves through this distance during which again the tortoise moves forward by some distance Conclusion: Achilles will never reach the tortoise no matter how fast he runs! 3 Achilles Arrogance
4 THE DICHOTOMY PARADOX Imagine a horse tried to run some distance, she must first run half that distance, but before that a quarter of the distance and so This motion is impossible! (it seems) 4 The horse that couldn t
5 THE SOLUTION TO THE PARADOX Physics Reason: Observers measure distances between objects, the real world does not. Thus its not that we have half of the final destination distance covered but that half of some distance has been past. Nature has no pre-destined aim! Mathematical Reason: Not us! 5 The nature of measurements
6 ARISTOTLE (CA BC) AND MOTION Axiom s of Aristotle s Theory of Motion: 1. No motion without a mover in contact with moving body 2. Distinction in mover: i. Natural motion - mover is internal to moving body ii. Forced motion - mover is external to moving body Held that objects tend to their natural place unless forced motion is imposed upon them 6 Objects tend to their natural place
7 ARISTOTLE S LAW OF MOTION Factors in his law of motion: F Force (weight) of mover R Viscosity or resistance of medium (Antiquity Nature abhors vacuums [Horror vacui]) V Speed (Not velocity) If F = R (or less than) then no motion occurs, but if F > R then 7 Speed depends on applied force and medium resistance
8 PROBLEMS Question: What hits the ground first a 1Kg ball or a 10Kg ball? Aristotelian Prediction: the 1Kg ball will take 10 times the time to fall the same length Reasoning: For some distance let T be the time taken to traverse that distance V1, V10 Velocity of objects; T1, T10 Falling time of objects because because Thus or 8 How do objects fall?
9 STRATO (CA BC) AND ACCELERATION - Emphasized the need for demonstrations (experiments) - Strato defined acceleration as the traversing of equal distances at shorter times - Claimed that Aristotle is correct but that during motion bodies accelerate 9 Enter Strato and the idea of demonstrations
10 PROOF OF ACCELERATION Strato used the water moving out of a Spout to show that force produces some acceleration since the drops must slow down to form separate entities from the main stream 10 Experimental demonstration
11 JOHN PHILOPONUS (CA ) - Refutation of Aristotle s inverse relation - Strengthening of experimental side - Proposal that objects fall at approximately the same rates irrespective of weight But this [view of Aristotle] is completely erroneous, and our view may be completely corroborated by actual observation more effectively than by any sort of verbal argument. For if you let fall from the same height two weights, one many times heavier than the other you will see that the ratio of the times required for the motion does not depend [solely] on the weights, but that the difference in time is very small.... John Philoponus' refutation of the Aristotelian claim that the elapsed time for a falling body is inversely proportional to its weight [1] [1] Cohen, W. R. and Drabkin, I.E., A Source Book in Greek Science (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992) 11 How do objects fall?
12 RESISTANCE TO MOTION Aristotle thought that motion was maintained by means of a force transferring power to a surrounding medium which then maintains the propagation Philoponus on the other hand reasoned that the power that propels an object forward must be internal and so selfmaintained meaning that objects could move through vacua 12 Battle of the Force Internal or Medium Driven
13 Jean Buridan (CA ) Following Philoponus Buridan held that motion after being caused is maintained by the object in question This was done by defining an inertia for moving bodies, that is an initial impetus that sets the object in motion causes a sustained mechanism that maintains motion This effective driving power would depend in some way on the initial speed and amount of matter This idea has the added effect that it can explain how objects stop moving as well, the resistance by a medium produces this stopping effect This is very close to our modern explanation of motion! 13 How do objects start to moving and what stops them?
14 GALILEO GALILEI (CA ) Constructed a model of motion using geometrical concepts such as distance and more importantly changes in this quantity The core of Galileo is that he thought of motion in concrete terms of change and so observation instead of philosophical reasoning "Nature is written in the grammar of mathematics and its characters are triangles, circles and other geometrical figures." 14 Motion should be thought of in terms of observables
15 UNIFORM MOTION "By steady or uniform motion, I mean one in which the distances traversed by the moving particle during any equal intervals of time, are themselves equal." Definition: Uniform motion is when the distance traversed is proportional to time of travel Claim: Uniform motion is undetectable under certain conditions. What knock on effects could this have for the Earth, could it be in motion? 15 The beginnings of Galilean relativity
16 UNIFORM ACCELERATION Galileo s definition: "A motion is said to be uniformly accelerated when starting from rest, if it acquires, during equal time-intervals, equal increments of speed." Speed is proportional to time of travel or This means where k is some constant 16 Is the same true of acceleration or is this special?
17 speed MEAN SPEED speed Introduced the idea of mean speed, which would be the speed needed to traverse the same distance in some particular time time Hence, 17 The same distance is covered in equal times
18 FREE FALL Galileo proposed that bodies fall with uniform acceleration (with the proviso that there is no wind currents or extra medium resistance as for example through water) This means that bodies fall with the same acceleration as long as the medium (air/water) does not pose too much resistance Thus, No mass factor! This means feathers and rocks fall at the same speed! 18 Back to falling bodies
19 THE EXPERIMENTAL TEST Galileo dropped two spheres of different masses from the top of the Tower of Pisa and found that they hit the ground at the same time Results: 1. Aristotle s theory of gravity is wrong, different weights fall at the same rate, or at least not as an inverse proportionality 2. Galileo s theory of motion with uniform acceleration correctly predicted the measured results 19 Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment
20 CONCEPT OF TERMINAL VELOCITY Remembering Aristotles idea of when Force = Medium Resistance no motion can occur, Galileo said this for acceleration When Force = Medium Resistance no further acceleration occurs no matter the weight and a Terminal uniform Velocity is achieved 20 How fast can we fall?
21 PROBLEM WITH GALILEO Set-up: Imagine a sphere falling down an infinitely long inclined plane, the sphere will accelerate ad infinitum. This contradicts what happens in experiments when scientists try to speed particles past the speed of light thus disproving the high velocity extreme of Galileo s theory of motion 21 The Speed limit
22 NEWTON (CA ) - There is only one kind of force and it is linked to acceleration in a different way - Force produced acceleration! - and similarly acceleration produces a force - Did not differentiate between internal and external forces - Using a new notion of calculus he managed to intertwine concepts of position, speed and acceleration 22 Bringing everything together
23 NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION Newton proposed three laws under which all motion could be described First law: An object remains at constant velocity unless acted upon by a force Second law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied on it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Furthermore the direction of acceleration is parallel to the force Third law: For every (force) action there is an equal and opposite reaction 23 Newton s Model of how Motion occurs
24 FALLING BODIES Keeping Galileo s idea of uniform acceleration of falling bodies, Newton managed to articulate this into a general principle (called the Equivalence Principle) 24 Newton s Apple
25 GALILEAN RELATIVITY AND NEWTON S AXIOMS Galilean relativity lies on the principle that the laws of motion are the same in all inertial (non-accelerating) frames On this Newton formed his axioms: 1. An absolute space exists in which motion can occur 2. All inertial observers share a universal measurement of time Light must travel instantaneously to satisfy the second condition 25 The Age of Absolutes
26 EINSTEIN IN THE HIGH ENERGY REGION In the high velocity regime Galilean relativity breaks down and Einstein s relativity theory must be used The principles here are changed to: 1. The Principle of Relativity The underlying laws of motion are not affected by the inertial frame in which measurements are made 2. The Principle of the Invariance of the Speed of Light The speed of light is measured to be the same in every inertial frame Einstein weakened Newton s absolute space and time axioms and said that it may be that different observers measure the length and period of events differently! 26 The Universal Speed Limit
27 A SHORT NOTE ON QUANTUM THEORY Over short distances particles jump from place to place, however on the large scale it appears as continuous motion An electron collides with a Hydrogen atom and scatters two further electrons 27 Quantum Nature
28 THE CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS The current problems in motion theory stem from trying to reproduce Einstein s relativity predictions (which are known to work) using the quantum theory 28 CERN
06. The Aristotelian Tradition
06. The Aristotelian Tradition 1. John Philoponus (~490-570 A.D.) Two problems for Aristotle's Theory of Motion: (1) Problem of Rotation. The place of an object is the innermost motionless surface of the
More informationII. Motion in 1D. Physics Part 1 MECHANICS Draft (part C incomplete) 1. Aristotle s Physics. A. Principle of Inertia. 2. Inertia
Physics Part 1 MECHANICS Draft (part C incomplete) Topic II. Motion in one Dimension (Kinematics) W. Pezzaglia Updated: 01Aug3 II. Motion in 1D A. Principle of Inertia B. Uniform Motion C. Acceleration
More informationFirst evidence of study of mechanics traced back to Ancient Sumeria. First systematic studies conducted by the Ancient Greeks around 300 B.C.
Serway AP Physics Ch 2 1 dimensional motion-kinematics dynamics-study of motion that involves force and mass. Kinetics-study of motion without regard to causes. First evidence of study of mechanics traced
More informationBEFORE YOU READ. Forces and Motion Gravity and Motion STUDY TIP. After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:
CHAPTER 2 1 SECTION Forces and Motion Gravity and Motion BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How does gravity affect objects? How does air resistance
More informationIsaac Newton was a British scientist whose accomplishments
E8 Newton s Laws of Motion R EA D I N G Isaac Newton was a British scientist whose accomplishments included important discoveries about light, motion, and gravity. You may have heard the legend about how
More informationConceptual Physical Science
Hewitt/Suchocki/Hewitt Conceptual Physical Science Fourth Edition Chapter 1: PATTERNS OF MOTION AND EQUILIBRIUM This lecture will help you understand: Aristotle on Motion Galileo s Concept of Inertia Mass
More informationClickers Registration Roll Call
Clickers Registration Roll Call If you do not see your name then either: 1) You successfully registered your clicker during the roll call on tuesday OR 2) You added the course and your name was not yet
More informationNatural Questions. About 2000 years ago Greek scientists were confused about motion. and developed a theory of motion
Natural Questions First natural question: Next question: What these things made of? Why and how things move? About 2000 years ago Greek scientists were confused about motion. Aristotle --- First to study
More informationToday. Clickers Registration Roll Call. Announcements: Loose ends from lecture 2 Law of Inertia (Newton s 1st Law) What is Force?
Clickers Registration Roll Call Today If you do not see your name then either: 1) You successfully registered your clicker during the roll call on tuesday OR 2) You added the course and your name was not
More informationTo Infinity and Beyond
To Infinity and Beyond 25 January 2012 To Infinity and Beyond 25 January 2012 1/24 The concept of infinity has both fascinated and frustrated people for millenia. We will discuss some historical problems
More informationIsaac Newton was a British scientist whose accomplishments
E8 Newton s Laws of Motion R EA D I N G Isaac Newton was a British scientist whose accomplishments included important discoveries about light, motion, and gravity. You may have heard the legend about how
More informationPhysics 141 Dynamics 1 Page 1. Dynamics 1
Physics 141 Dynamics 1 Page 1 Dynamics 1... from the same principles, I now demonstrate the frame of the System of the World.! Isaac Newton, Principia Reference frames When we say that a particle moves
More informationNewton s Laws Review
Newton s Laws Review THE SCIENCES OF MOTION Prior to this unit, we had been studying, which is the science of describing motion with words, numbers, pictures, and symbols, and no attention was given to
More informationGravity Pre-Lab 1. Why do you need an inclined plane to measure the effects due to gravity?
Lab Exercise: Gravity (Report) Your Name & Your Lab Partner s Name Due Date Gravity Pre-Lab 1. Why do you need an inclined plane to measure the effects due to gravity? 2. What are several advantage of
More informationZeno s Paradox #1. The Achilles
Zeno s Paradox #1. The Achilles Achilles, who is the fastest runner of antiquity, is racing to catch the tortoise that is slowly crawling away from him. Both are moving along a linear path at constant
More informationProperties of Motion. Force. Examples of Forces. Basics terms and concepts. Isaac Newton
Properties of Motion It took about 2500 years to different generations of philosophers, mathematicians and astronomers to understand Aristotle's theory of Natural Motion and Violent Motion: Falling bodies
More information12.2 Acceleration. You will need a calculator today!
12.2 Acceleration You will need a calculator today! Acceleration Acceleration A vector that changes speed or direction or both. When a object changes velocity Measured in m/s 2 Acceleration may be positive,
More informationWhat was Aristotle s view of motion? How did Galileo disagree with Aristotle? Which answers agrees with Aristotle s view? Eliminate the others.
Quest Chapter 04 # Problem Hint 1 A ball rolls across the top of a billiard table and slowly comes to a stop. How would Aristotle interpret this observation? How would Galileo interpret it? 1. Galileo
More informationAristotle, Galileo, and Newton It took about 2000 years to develop the modern understanding of the relationships between force and motion.
Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton It took about 2000 years to develop the modern understanding of the relationships between force and motion. Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton Aristotle Aristotle made scientific
More informationModern Physics. Third Edition RAYMOND A. SERWAY CLEMENT J. MOSES CURT A. MOYER
Modern Physics Third Edition RAYMOND A. SERWAY CLEMENT J. MOSES CURT A. MOYER 1 RELATIVITY 1.1 Special Relativity 1.2 The Principle of Relativity, The Speed of Light 1.3 The Michelson Morley Experiment,
More informationConceptual Physics Fundamentals
Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 3: EQUILIBRIUM AND LINEAR MOTION This lecture will help you understand: Aristotle on Motion Galileo s Concept of Inertia Mass A Measure of Inertia Net Force The
More informationBasic Ideas in Greek Mathematics
previous index next Basic Ideas in Greek Mathematics Michael Fowler UVa Physics Department Closing in on the Square Root of 2 In our earlier discussion of the irrationality of the square root of 2, we
More informationLimitations of Newtonian Physics
Limitations of Newtonian Physics 18 th and 19 th Centuries Newtonian Physics was accepted as an ultimate truth Science is never absolute Hundreds of experiments can t prove my theory right but only one
More informationHomework #2 is online and is due next Friday! Planetarium shows are getting full. Solar Observing starts Monday!
Homework #1 was due at 11:50am! Now it s too late! Homework #2 is online and is due next Friday! New format for lectures 4 sheets per page PDF. Planetarium shows are getting full. Solar Observing starts
More informationCHAPTER 2. FORCE and Motion. CHAPTER s Objectives
19 CHAPTER 2 FORCE and Motion CHAPTER s Objectives To define a force To understand the relation between force and motion In chapter 1, we understood that the Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first who
More informationThe History of Motion. Ms. Thibodeau
The History of Motion Ms. Thibodeau Aristotle Aristotle aka the Philosopher was a Greek philosopher more than 2500 years ago. He wrote on many subjects including physics, poetry, music, theater, logic,
More informationTo Infinity and Beyond. To Infinity and Beyond 1/43
To Infinity and Beyond To Infinity and Beyond 1/43 Infinity The concept of infinity has both fascinated and frustrated people for millennia. We will discuss some historical problems about infinity, some
More information3 Newton s First Law of Motion Inertia. Forces cause changes in motion.
Forces cause changes in motion. A ball at rest in the middle of a flat field is in equilibrium. No net force acts on it. If you saw it begin to move across the ground, you d look for forces that don t
More informationName Class Date. height. Which ball would land first according to Aristotle? Explain.
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Gravity and Motion 1. Suppose a baseball and a marble are dropped at the same time from the same height. Which ball would land first according to Aristotle?
More informationNewton s first law. Objectives. Assessment. Assessment. Assessment. Assessment 5/20/14. State Newton s first law and explain its meaning.
Newton s first law Objectives State Newton s first law and explain its meaning. Calculate the effect of forces on objects using the law of inertia. Explain conceptually why moving objects do not always
More informationChapter 2 Review Answer Key
Chapter Review Answer Key Select the correct term to complete the sentences. Section.. force. Newton s first law. inertia. net force. newton Section. 6. acceleration 7. Newton s second law Section. 8.
More information9/5/17. Aristotle on Motion. Galileo's Concept of Inertia. Galileo's Concept of Inertia
Aristotle on Motion Aristotle classified motion into two kinds: Natural motion motion that is straight up or straight down Violent motion imposed motion resulting from an external push or pull Galileo's
More informationEDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 2
EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 2 WORK, POWER AND ENERGY TRANSFER IN DYNAMIC ENGINEERING SYSTEMS TUTORIAL 1 - LINEAR MOTION Be able to determine
More informationPHYSICS 107. Lecture 10 Relativity: The Postulates
PHYSICS 107 Lecture 10 Relativity: The Postulates Introduction Relativity represents yet a further step in the direction of abstraction and mathematization of the laws of motion. We are getting further
More informationFirst Things First. Newton s First Law
First Things First Newton s First Law Quick Review In the last unit, we learned how motion can be described With words With graphs With diagrams With numbers and directions Intro In this unit, we ll learn
More informationBell s spaceship paradox
Bell s spaceship paradox If the two ships start accelerating at the same time, I always see them travelling at the same velocity, and keeping a constant distance... But I said the objects get shorter when
More informationGALILEAN RELATIVITY. Projectile motion. The Principle of Relativity
GALILEAN RELATIVITY Projectile motion The Principle of Relativity When we think of the term relativity, the person who comes immediately to mind is of course Einstein. Galileo actually understood what
More informationChapter 12 Forces and Motion
Chapter 12 Forces and Motion GOAL: Students will be able to interpret and apply Newton s three laws of motion and analyze the motion of an object in terms of its position, velocity, and acceleration. Standard:
More informationthat when friction is present, a is needed to keep an object moving. 21. State Newton s first law of motion.
Chapter 3 Newton s First Law of Motion Inertia Exercises 31 Aristotle on Motion (pages 29 30) Fill in the blanks with the correct terms 1 Aristotle divided motion into two types: and 2 Natural motion on
More informationLIGHT and SPECIAL RELATIVITY FRAMES OF REFERENCE
VISUAL PHYSICS ONLINE MODULE 7 NATURE OF LIGHT LIGHT and SPECIAL RELATIVITY FRAMES OF REFERENCE The location of an object and its velocity depends upon the frame of reference of an observer. Inertial frame
More informationCHAPTER 9 FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION
CHAPTER 9 FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION Q 1. What is a force? Ans: Force is a push or pull which tries to bring the change in the state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line. Unit of force: force
More informationPhysics 20 Lesson 14 Forces & Dynamics Conceptual Change
Physics 20 Lesson 14 Forces & Dynamics Conceptual Change t this point in the course you have learned about Kinematics (the description of motion) and you have learned about vectors (addition, components).
More informationNewton s Second Law of Motion Force and Acceleration
Chapter 3 Reading Guide: Newton s Second Law of Motion Force and Acceleration Complete the Explore! Activity (p.37) 1. Compare the rate at which the book and paper fell when they were side-by-side: Name:
More informationMay the force be with you
CHARIS Science Unit A2 May the force be with you May the force be with you UNIT A2 v This unit looks at two views of force, those of Aristotle and Newton. It seeks to show how scientists' ideas of force
More informationGravity - What Goes Up, Must Come Down
Gravity - What Goes Up, Must Come Down Source: Sci-ber Text with the Utah State Office of Education http://www.uen.org/core/science/sciber/trb3/downloads/literacy4.pdf Jump up in the air and you will fall
More informationForce, Motion, and Sound
Force, Motion, and Sound Physics 160, Spring 2006 Galileo (1564-1642) 1642) Isaac Newton (1643-1727) 1727) Uniform Motion x = 1cm 2cm 3cm 4cm 5cm 6cm 7cm 8cm O t = 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s This picture
More informationTest Wed, Feb 8 th 7pm, G20 MING HSIEH Bring your calculator and #2 pencil with a good eraser! 20 Multiple choice questions from:
Test Wed, Feb 8 th 7pm, G20 MING HSIEH Bring your calculator and #2 pencil with a good eraser! 20 Multiple choice questions from: Chapter 1 (except section 1.2 and 1.7): Unit conversions, estimating, trigonometry,
More informationElliptic orbits and mercury perihelion advance as evidence for absolute motion
Elliptic orbits and mercury perihelion advance as evidence for absolute motion bstract March 03, 2013 Henok Tadesse, Electrical Engineer, BSc. ddress: Ethiopia, Debrezeit, Mobile phone: +251 910 751339
More informationForces and Newton s Laws Reading Notes. Give an example of a force you have experienced continuously all your life.
Forces and Newton s Laws Reading Notes Name: Section 4-1: Force What is force? Give an example of a force you have experienced continuously all your life. Give an example of a situation where an object
More informationChapter 4: Energy, Motion, Gravity. Enter Isaac Newton, who pretty much gave birth to classical physics
Chapter 4: Energy, Motion, Gravity Enter Isaac Newton, who pretty much gave birth to classical physics Know all of Kepler s Laws well Chapter 4 Key Points Acceleration proportional to force, inverse to
More informationMotion. Argument: (i) Forces are needed to keep things moving, because they stop when the forces are taken away (evidence horse pulling a carriage).
1 Motion Aristotle s Study Aristotle s Law of Motion This law of motion was based on false assumptions. He believed that an object moved only if something was pushing it. His arguments were based on everyday
More informationLecture 5. Zeno s Four Paradoxes of Motion
Lecture 5. Zeno s Four Paradoxes of Motion Science of infinity In Lecture 4, we mentioned that a conflict arose from the discovery of irrationals. The Greeks rejection of irrational numbers was essentially
More information2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity 4.1 Describing Motion: Examples from Daily Life Some of the topics we will explore: How do we describe motion? (Speed,
More informationChapter 4. The Laws of Motion
Chapter 4 The Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics Describes the relationship between the motion of objects in our everyday world and the forces acting on them Conditions when Classical Mechanics does not
More informationSenior 2. Appendix 3: In Motion
Senior 2 Appendix 3: In Motion Senior 2 Science Appendix 3.1 TSM Teacher Support Material A Visual Representation of Motion Teacher Background There are several ways to produce a visual representation
More informationWho was Isaac Newton?
Forces & Motion Who was Isaac Newton? Born: December 25, 1643 in England (the same year Galileo died) knighted by Queen Anne in 1705 to become Sir Isaac Newton at age 64 The first person to describe universal
More informationKepler Galileo and Newton
Kepler Galileo and Newton Kepler: determined the motion of the planets. Understanding this motion was determined by physicists like Galileo and Newton and many others. Needed to develop Physics as a science:
More informationParadoxes of special relativity
Paradoxes of special relativity Today we are turning from metaphysics to physics. As we ll see, certain paradoxes about the nature of space and time result not from philosophical speculation, but from
More informationMain Ideas in Class Today
2/4/17 Test Wed, Feb 8th 7pm, G24 Eiesland Bring your calculator and #2 pencil with a good eraser! 20 Multiple choice questions from: Chapter 1 (except section 1.2 and 1.7): Unit conversions, estimating,
More informationAristotle, Space and Time
Mann, S., 2013. Aristotle, space and time. In M. Tsianikas, N. Maadad, G. Couvalis, and M. Palaktsoglou (eds.) "Greek Research in Australia: Proceedings of the Biennial International Conference of Greek
More informationTo Infinity and Beyond
To Infinity and Beyond 22 January 2014 To Infinity and Beyond 22 January 2014 1/34 In case you weren t here on Friday, Course website: http://sierra.nmsu.edu/morandi/math210 Get a copy of the syllabus
More informationThe Philosophy of Physics. Special Relativity and Minkowski Spacetime
The Philosophy of Physics Lecture Five Special Relativity and Minkowski Spacetime Rob Trueman rob.trueman@york.ac.uk University of York Special Relativity a quick refresher Special Relativity and Minkowski
More informationForces and Newton s First Law
Lyzinski Physics CRHS-South Forces and Newton s First Law Thus far, we have studied the motion of objects. The study of motion is known as. However, we were not interested, yet, about what caused the motion.
More informationMr Green sees the shorter, straight, green path and Mr. Red sees the longer, curved, red path.
Mr Green sees the shorter, straight, green path and Mr. Red sees the longer, curved, red path. In an accelerated frame, time runs slow compared to a non-accelerated frame. The Equivalence Principle tells
More informationPart I: Mechanics. Chapter 2 Inertia & Newton s First Law of Motion. Aristotle & Galileo. Lecture 2
Lecture 2 Part I: Mechanics Chapter 2 Inertia & Newton s First Law of Motion Some material courtesy Prof. A. Garcia, SJSU Aristotle & Galileo Aristotle was great philosopher but not such a good scientist.
More informationFoundations of Physical Science. Unit One: Forces and Motion
Foundations of Physical Science Unit One: Forces and Motion Chapter 3: Forces and Motion 3.1 Force, Mass and Acceleration 3.2 Weight, Gravity and Friction 3.3 Equilibrium, Action and Reaction Learning
More informationNewton s Laws of Motion
Newton s Laws of Motion 1 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Newton s Laws of Motion 2 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Introducing balanced forces 3 of 28 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What is Newton s first law? 4 of 28 Boardworks
More informationNewton s First Law of Motion
Newton s First Law of Motion Learning Target Target 1: Use Newton s Laws of Motion to describe and predict motion Explain, draw and interpret force vector diagrams Predict direction and magnitude of motion
More informationNewton's 1 st Law. Newton s Laws. Newton's 2 nd Law of Motion. Newton's Second Law (cont.) Newton's Second Law (cont.)
Newton s Laws 1) Inertia - objects in motion stay in motion 2) F=ma 3) Equal and opposite reactions Newton's 1 st Law What is the natural state of motion of an object? An object at rest remains at rest,
More information(What is the lesson for you, as students? Ask questions! The sooner, the better!)
The fatal pedagogical error is to throw answers, like stones, at the heads of those who have not yet asked the questions. Paul Tillich, American philosopher/theologian (What is the lesson for you, as students?
More informationNewton s Second and Third Laws
Section 3 Objectives Describe an object s acceleration in terms of its mass and the net force acting on it. Predict the direction and magnitude of the acceleration caused by a known net force. Identify
More informationChapter 2 Motion in One Dimension
Chapter 2 Motion in One Dimension Multiple Choice 1. The position of a particle moving along the x axis is given by 2 x = ( 21+ 22t 6 0. t )m, where t is in s. What is the average velocity during the time
More informationSpecial Relativity: Derivations
Special Relativity: Derivations Exploring formulae in special relativity Introduction: Michelson-Morley experiment In the 19 th century, physicists thought that since sound waves travel through air, light
More information3 Newton s First Law of Motion Inertia. Forces cause changes in motion.
Forces cause changes in motion. A ball at rest in the middle of a flat field is in equilibrium. No net force acts on it. If you saw it begin to move across the ground, you d look for forces that don t
More informationGravity. Announcement. Topics in Chapter 5. Topics for Today. PHYS 1403 Introduction to Astronomy. Motion. Chapter 5. Exam 1
PHYS 1403 Introduction to Astronomy Gravity Chapter 5 Announcement Exam 1 February 21 st 2018 2:25pm 3:40 pm during class time Chapter 1,2,3,4 and 5 40 Multiple Questions. One short answer essay type question.
More informationChapter 3 Acceleration
Chapter 3 Acceleration Slide 3-1 Chapter 3: Acceleration Chapter Goal: To extend the description of motion in one dimension to include changes in velocity. This type of motion is called acceleration. Slide
More informationGravity Well Demo - 1 of 9. Gravity Well Demo
Gravity Well Demo - 1 of 9 Gravity Well Demo Brief Summary This demo/activity in Space Odyssey will give visitors a hands-on feel for how gravity works. Specifically, how Newton interpreted the force of
More informationUniversity Physics 226N/231N Old Dominion University
University Physics 226N/231N Old Dominion University Newton and Forces First Midterm is this Wednesday, September 19! On paper (not MasteringPhysics), open book, open computer Dr. Todd Satogata (ODU/Jefferson
More informationUNIT 1 MECHANICS PHYS:1200 LECTURE 2 MECHANICS (1)
1 UNIT 1 MECHANICS PHYS:1200 LECTURE 2 MECHANICS (1) The topic of lecture 2 is the subject of mechanics the science of how and why objects move. The subject of mechanics encompasses two topics: kinematics:
More informationMake sure you know the three laws inside and out! You must know the vocabulary too!
Newton's Laws Study Guide Test March 9 th The best plan is to study every night for 15 to 20 minutes. Make sure you know the three laws inside and out! You must know the vocabulary too! Newton s First
More informationASTRONAUT PUSHES SPACECRAFT
ASTRONAUT PUSHES SPACECRAFT F = 40 N m a = 80 kg m s = 15000 kg a s = F/m s = 40N/15000 kg = 0.0027 m/s 2 a a = -F/m a = -40N/80kg = -0.5 m/s 2 If t push = 0.5 s, then v s = a s t push =.0014 m/s, and
More informationConcepTest 3.7a Punts I
ConcepTest 3.7a Punts I Which of the 3 punts has the longest hang time? 1 2 3 4) all have the same hang time h ConcepTest 3.7a Punts I Which of the 3 punts has the longest hang time? 1 2 3 4) all have
More informationFriction and Pressure
Friction and Pressure Pre-Test - Post-Test 1. Pressure is defined as. A) force through distance. B) change in height per time. C) force per area. D) force per time. E) energy per area. 2. Which of the
More informationChapter: The Laws of Motion
Table of Contents Chapter: The Laws of Motion Section 1: Newton s Second Law Section 2: Gravity Section 3: The Third Law of Motion 1 Newton s Second Law Force, Mass, and Acceleration Newton s first law
More informationAcceleration Due to Gravity Lecture 2
Acceleration Due to Gravity Lecture 2 ˆ This lecture covers the meat of Chapters 2 and 3 from the book. I am deliberately skipping vectors again you will have to bear with me. ˆ We will cover the basics
More informationPhysics 20 Homework 2 SIMS 2016
Physics 20 Homework 2 SIMS 2016 Due: Saturday, August 20 th 1. In class, we ignored air resistance in our discussion of projectile motion. Now, let s derive the relevant equation of motion in the case
More informationClassical mechanics: Newton s laws of motion
Classical mechanics: Newton s laws of motion Homework next week will be due on Thursday next week You will soon be receiving student evaluations Occam s razor Given two competing and equally successful
More informationPhysics General Physics. Lecture 3 Newtonian Mechanics. Fall 2016 Semester. Prof. Matthew Jones
Physics 22000 General Physics Lecture 3 Newtonian Mechanics Fall 2016 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones 1 Review of Lectures 1 and 2 In the previous lectures we learned how to describe some special types of
More informationFigure 5.1: Force is the only action that has the ability to change motion. Without force, the motion of an object cannot be started or changed.
5.1 Newton s First Law Sir Isaac Newton, an English physicist and mathematician, was one of the most brilliant scientists in history. Before the age of thirty he had made many important discoveries in
More informationLecture 2 - Length Contraction
Lecture 2 - Length Contraction A Puzzle We are all aware that if you jump to the right, your reflection in the mirror will jump left. But if you raise your hand up, your reflection will also raise its
More informationPHY1033C/HIS3931/IDH 3931 : Discovering Physics: The Universe and Humanity s Place in It Fall Prof. Peter Hirschfeld, Physics
PHY1033C/HIS3931/IDH 3931 : Discovering Physics: The Universe and Humanity s Place in It Fall 2016 Prof. Peter Hirschfeld, Physics Last time Science, History and Progress: Thomas Kuhn Structure of scientific
More informationWhat Can Be Learned from Regress Arguments
What Can Be Learned from Regress Arguments Richmond H. Thomason Date of this version: September 8, 2013 1. What is a regress argument Regress arguments are about as old as philosophy; they appear historically
More informationSUPERCHARGED SCIENCE. Unit 2: Motion.
SUPERCHARGED SCIENCE Unit 2: Motion www.sciencelearningspace.com Appropriate for Grades: Lesson 1 (K-12), Lesson 2 (K-12) Duration: 6-12 hours, depending on how many activities you do! We re going to study
More informationSpecial Theory of Relativity. A Brief introduction
Special Theory of Relativity A Brief introduction Classical Physics At the end of the 19th century it looked as if Physics was pretty well wrapped up. Newtonian mechanics and the law of Gravitation had
More informationCub Lecture 3 - More about Mass, Weight, and Time. Introduction
Cub Lecture 3 - More about Mass, Weight, and Time Introduction Hi Cub Scout or other youngster. In Cub Lecture 2 we learned a lot about friction. In the process, we had to measure distances. We also had
More informationChapter 4 Newton s Laws
Chapter 4 Newton s Laws Isaac Newton 1642-1727 Some inventions and discoveries: 3 laws of motion Universal law of gravity Calculus Ideas on: Sound Light Thermodynamics Reflecting telescope In this chapter,
More informationAbsolute motion versus relative motion in Special Relativity is not dealt with properly
Absolute motion versus relative motion in Special Relativity is not dealt with properly Roger J Anderton R.J.Anderton@btinternet.com A great deal has been written about the twin paradox. In this article
More informationThe net force on a moving object is suddenly reduced to zero. As a consequence, the object
The net force on a moving object is suddenly reduced to zero. As a consequence, the object (A) stops abruptly (B) stops during a short time interval (C) changes direction (D) continues at a constant velocity
More informationChapter 2: 1-D Kinematics
Chapter : 1-D Kinematics Types of Motion Translational Motion Circular Motion Projectile Motion Rotational Motion Natural Motion Objects have a proper place Objects seek their natural place External forces
More informationCosmology - How the Universe Came to Be. PLATO: Cosmology
Cosmology - How the Universe Came to Be PLATO: Cosmology 1 Implications: PLATO: Cosmology 2 Implications: Today s best measurement of the Hubble constant: HHubble = 69.3 km/s per Mpc Universe is about
More information