Foundations of Physical Science. Unit One: Forces and Motion

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Foundations of Physical Science. Unit One: Forces and Motion"

Transcription

1 Foundations of Physical Science Unit One: Forces and Motion

2 Chapter 3: Forces and Motion 3.1 Force, Mass and Acceleration 3.2 Weight, Gravity and Friction 3.3 Equilibrium, Action and Reaction

3 Learning Goals Explain the meaning of force. Show how force is required to change the motion of an object. Use a graph to identify the relationships between variables. Explain and discuss Newton's second law and the relationship between force, mass and acceleration. Describe how changing the mass of the car affects its acceleration. Draw conclusions from experimental data. Demonstrate qualitatively how friction can affect motion. Explain Newton's third law of motion. Identify action-reaction pairs of forces. Recognize how Newton's third law of motion explains the physics behind many common activities and useful objects.

4 Vocabulary air friction equilibrium force friction gravity inertia law of conservation of momentum mass momentum newton Newton's 1st law of motion Newton's 2nd law of motion Newton's 3rd law of motion pounds rolling friction sliding friction viscous friction weight

5 3.1 Force, Mass, and Acceleration

6 Sir Isaac Newton s Laws of Motion Sir Isaac Newton ( ), an English physicist and mathematician, is one of the most brilliant scientists in history. Before the age of 30, he formulated the basic laws of mechanics, discovered the universal law of gravitation, and invented calculus!

7 Newton s Laws

8 Force A push or a pull, or any action that has the ability to change motion Commonly used units: Pounds (lb) Newtons (N): The force that will give an object of mass 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/s 2

9

10 Force Mass A push or pulling action that can change motion The amount of stuff or matter in an object Measured in NEWTONS Measured in KILOGRAMS

11 Newton s 1 st Law The Law of Inertia Every object continues in a state of rest, or in a state of motion in a straight line at constant speed, unless it is compelled to change that state by forces exerted upon it

12

13 Newton s 2 nd Law The relationship between force, mass and acceleration

14 Force Causes Acceleration Acceleration is directly proportional to net force! 2x the net force = 2x acceleration 3x the net force = 3x acceleration

15 Mass Resists Acceleration More massive objects are more difficult to accelerate 2x the mass 1/2 the acceleration 3x the mass 1/3 the acceleration Therefore, acceleration is inversely proportional to mass As one gets bigger, the other gets smaller

16

17 Newton s Second Law In other words: or m = F/a Or most commonly: F = ma

18 Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Net Force: the total of all forces acting on an object Vector: an arrow drawn to scale that represents the magnitude and direction of a quantity having both magnitude and direction In this case the quantity is force

19 Adding and Subtracting Forces

20 Equilibrium Mechanical equilibrium: when the net force on something is zero Σ F = 0 Static Equilibrium: objects at rest Dynamic Equilibrium: objects moving at constant velocity

21 Example Consider the gymnast hanging from the rings. If she hangs with her weight evenly divided between the two rings, how would scale readings in both support ropes compare with her weight? The reading on each scale will be half her weight. The sum of the readings on both scales then equals her weight.

22 The Support Force Why We Don t Fall Through The Floor Support Force = Normal Force Upward force that is equal and opposite to the force of gravity Σ F = 0

23 Example An airplane flies at constant velocity. In other words, it is in equilibrium. Two horizontal forces act on the plane. One is the thrust of the propeller that pushes it forward. The other is the force of air resistance that acts in the opposite direction. Which force is bigger? Both forces have the same magnitude. Call the forward force exerted by the propeller positive. Then the air resistance is negative. Since the plane in in equilibrium, can you see that the two forces combine to equal zero?

24 3.2 Weight, Gravity, and Friction

25 Gravity A force that pulls every mass toward every other mass Earth is the biggest mass; gravity pulls everything toward the center of Earth Depends on mass more mass, more gravity pulls on you

26 Mass Weight The quantity of matter in an object Measured in kilograms (kg) The gravitational force exerted on an object by the nearest most-massive body (locally, by Earth) Measured in newtons (N) Mass is directly proportional to weight large mass = large weight small mass = small weight 1 kg (mass) = 9.8 N (weight)

27

28

29 Weight and Galileo A legend has it that, around 1587, Galileo dropped two balls from the Leaning Tower of Pisa to see which would fall faster Objects in free fall have equal acceleration But, why are accelerations equal between objects of greater and lesser mass?

30 Free Fall and Equal Acceleration One object relates to the other: F/m = F/m F/m = g F/m = g C/D = C/D =

31 Free Fall and Equal Acceleration A falling 10 kg boulder feels 10x the force of gravity (weight) as a 1 kg stone 10x force acting on 10x mass = same acceleration as the smaller force on the smaller mass

32 Free Fall without Friction (Air Drag)

33 Friction Occurs when one object rubs against something else Occurs for solids, liquids and gases It always acts in a direction OPPOSITE to motion

34 Friction Push crate right, friction is left Object falls down through the air, AIR FRICTION (drag) acts upward The amount of friction depends on the kind of material and how much they press together

35 Example Suppose a high-flying jumbo jet flies at constant velocity when the thrust of its engines is a constant 80,000 N. What is the acceleration of the jet? What is the force of air drag acting on the jet? Zero acceleration because the velocity is constant. The net force has to be zero if a = F/m. Air drag must be equal and opposite to the thrust: 80,000 N.

36 Air Drag We know that a feather drops more slowly than a coin when dropped in air Air drag affects the feather more In a vacuum the feather and coin drop at the same time With no air drag the force/mass ratio is the same for both

37 Free Fall with Friction (Air Drag)

38 Air Drag In reality, air drag is usually NOT negligible for falling objects Acceleration of fall is less Air drag depends on: Speed Surface area

39 Air Drag Free fall = downward net force is weight With air present the net force is: Weight Air Drag So the equation becomes: a = (weight-air drag)/m Air drag therefore reduces the net force Reduced net force reduced acceleration Eventually the net force becomes zero The falling object no longer accelerates but has reached TERMINAL VELOCITY

40

41 What is the acceleration in each diagram? (The skydiver has a mass of 100 kg) 10m/s 2 6m/s 2 2m/s 2 0m/s 2

42 Example Consider two parachutists, a heavy person and a light person, who jump from the same altitude with parachutes of the same size. Which person reaches terminal speed first? Which person has the greatest terminal speed? The lighter person reaches terminal speed first. The heavy person falls faster and reaches a higher terminal speed.

43 Example Which person gets to the ground first? If there were no air drag, like on the moon, how would your answers to these questions differ? The heavier person falls faster and will reach the ground first. If there were no air drag, there would be no terminal speed at all. Both would be in free fall and hit the ground at the same time.

44 Gravity (again) The attractive force from gravity between objects of ordinary mass is incredibly small. You feel weight because the mass of Earth is large enough to create significant gravity forces.

45 Legend has it Newton saw an apple fall He realized that the force pulling on the apple was the same force pulling on the moon Earth s gravity reaches the moon!

46 Tangential Velocity Velocity parallel to the Earth s surface The orbit of the moon around the Earth Keeps the moon constantly falling around the Earth instead of directly into it Similar to the paths of the planets around the sun

47 Centripetal Force A force that makes a body follow a curved path center seeking force

48 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation The force of attraction between two objects is directly related to the masses of the objects and indirectly related to the distance between them

49 Example What happens to the force between two bodies if the mass of one body is doubled? When one mass is doubled, the force between them doubles

50 Gravity and Distance Gravity gets weaker with distance This is like how light gets dimmer as you move farther away from it As the light spreads out, its brightness decreases When you are 2X as far away, it appears ¼ as bright

51 Inverse-Square Law The intensity gets less as the inverse square of the distance The greater the distance from Earth s center, the less the gravitational force on an object

52 3.3 Equilibrium, Action and Reaction

53 Newton s Third Law of Motion For every action force, there is a reaction force equal in strength and opposite in direction Action-Reaction Pairs To every action there is always an equal yet opposite reaction

54

55

56 Example When a heavy football player and a light one run into each other, does the light player really exert as much force on the heavy player as the heavy player exerts on the lighter one? Yes, the forces have equal strength

57 Example Is the damage to the heavy player the same as the damage to the lighter one? No! Although the forces are the same on each,the effects of these equal forces are quite unequal!

58 Cannon-Cannonball Example Cannonball: F/m = a Cannon: F/m = a Cannonball: smaller mass, greater acceleration

59 Momentum Inertia in motion momentum = mass x velocity P = mv When direction is not an important factor: momentum = mass x speed, still P = mv

60 Momentum Momentum (kg-m/sec) P = mv velocity (m/sec) mass (kg)

61 Momentum A compact car traveling at 20 mph has less momentum than a large truck traveling at the same velocity Why? The truck has more mass

62 Example When would a car and a truck with 2X car s mass have the same momentum? They d have the same momentum if the car were traveling 2x as fast as the truck (m x 2v) car = (2m x v) truck

63

64 How Does Momentum Change? mass changes velocity changes both mass and velocity change Usually-velocity changes (it accelerates!)

65 Impulse force x time Change in momentum Ft change in mv Ft = mv

66 Impulse = Momentum Ft = mv (Kg)(m/s 2 )(s) = (kg)(m/s)

67

68 Example: Long-Range Cannons Long barrels Longer the barrel, the greater the velocity of the emerging cannonball or shell The force of exploding gunpowder in a long barrel acts on the cannonball for a longer time Increased impulse greater momentum

69 Momentum Over a Long Time The brakes in your car fail! Do you aim the car at the concrete wall or at the haystack? Either way your momentum decreases the same-you come to rest Hitting the haystack extends your contact time-the time during which your momentum is brought to zero

70 Momentum Over a Long Time Reduces the force Decreases the resulting deceleration Time of contact is extended 10x force of contact is reduced 10X When you jump you bend your knees before you make contact with the ground: increases the amount of time in the collision

71 Examples Extending the time in which momentum is being reduced Bungee Jumping The long stretch of the cord results in a small average force to bring the jumper to a safe halt before hitting the ground Catching A Fastball The hand is initially forward so it can move backward after contact with the ball

72 Momentum and Airbags Airbags expand from the steering wheel/dashboard A sensor has been triggered due to a sudden IMPULSE or CHANGE IN MOMENTUM The airbag fills with nitrogen gas in 1/20 th of a second The airbag expands before the person hits it After 0.3 sec, the collision should be complete and the airbags empty

73 What is the function of an airbag? During front-end collisions the driver and passengers have inertia and will continue forward until the dashboard, seatbelt, or airbag forces them to stop Airbags were created to cushion the impact by increasing the time to stop, resulting in a smaller force

74 Momentum Over a Short Period Short contact time = large force Momentum is quickly reduced Example: Karate Expert The impulse is the force of his hand against the bricks multiplied by the time his hand makes contact Therefore the force is huge! If his hand bounces, the force is even greater

75 Conservation of Momentum There is a fixed amount of momentum for the entire universe Additional momentum cannot be gained or lost, but only transferred from one object to another Momentum is a vector quantity (magnitude and direction)

76 Law of Conservation of Momentum In the absence of an external force, the momentum of a system remains unchanged M g v g = m b V b (4kg) v g = (0.010kg) (300 m/s) 4v g = 3 v g = 3/4 v g = 0.75 m / s

77 Momentum is Conserved in Collisions Net momentum before collision = Net momentum after collision mv before = mv after

78 Elastic Collisions A collision in which colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or the generation of heat The first ball comes to rest and the second ball moves away at the velocity of the first ball. Momentum is transferred from the first ball to the second one! [m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 ] before = [m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 ] after

79 Inelastic Collisions A collision in which the colliding objects become distorted, generate heat, and possibly stick together [m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 ] before = [(m 1 + m 2 )v] after

80 FORMULAS force --> F = ma weight --> F = mg mass --> m = F/a acceleration --> a = F/m Newton s Law of Gravitation --> F = G m 1 m 2 r 2 Momentum = mass x velocity Impulse = force x time Impulse = change in momentum --> Ft = Δ mv Conservation of Momentum --> mv before = mv after Elastic Collision Inelastic Collision [m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 ] before = [m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 ] after [m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 ] before = [(m 1 + m 2 )v] after

Motion. Argument: (i) Forces are needed to keep things moving, because they stop when the forces are taken away (evidence horse pulling a carriage).

Motion. Argument: (i) Forces are needed to keep things moving, because they stop when the forces are taken away (evidence horse pulling a carriage). 1 Motion Aristotle s Study Aristotle s Law of Motion This law of motion was based on false assumptions. He believed that an object moved only if something was pushing it. His arguments were based on everyday

More information

TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION FORCE

TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION FORCE TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION FORCE WHAT IS FORCE? Force is anything that can change the state of motion of a body. In simpler terms, force is a push or a pull. For example, wind pushing on a flag is

More information

Go on to the next page.

Go on to the next page. Chapter 10: The Nature of Force Force a push or a pull Force is a vector (it has direction) just like velocity and acceleration Newton the SI unit for force = kg m/s 2 Net force the combination of all

More information

BEFORE YOU READ. Forces and Motion Gravity and Motion STUDY TIP. After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions:

BEFORE YOU READ. Forces and Motion Gravity and Motion STUDY TIP. After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: CHAPTER 2 1 SECTION Forces and Motion Gravity and Motion BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How does gravity affect objects? How does air resistance

More information

3. What type of force is the woman applying to cart in the illustration below?

3. What type of force is the woman applying to cart in the illustration below? Name: Forces and Motion STUDY GUIDE Directions: Answer the following questions. 1. What is a force? a. A type of energy b. The rate at which an object performs work c. A push or a pull d. An object that

More information

Chapter 2. Forces & Newton s Laws

Chapter 2. Forces & Newton s Laws Chapter 2 Forces & Newton s Laws 1st thing you need to know Everything from chapter 1 Speed formula Acceleration formula All their units There is only 1 main formula, but some equations will utilize previous

More information

Chapter 4: Newton's Second Law of Motion

Chapter 4: Newton's Second Law of Motion Lecture Outline Chapter 4: Newton's Second Law of Motion This lecture will help you understand: Force Causes Acceleration Friction Mass and Weight Newton's Second Law of Motion Free Fall Nonfree Fall Force

More information

Momentum is conserved for all collisions as long as external forces don t interfere.

Momentum is conserved for all collisions as long as external forces don t interfere. Momentum is conserved for all collisions as long as external forces don t interfere. Objectives: Identify the factors that affect an object s momentum Identify the factors that affect how much an object

More information

Yanbu University College. General Studies Department. Phsc001 Course (111) Chapter2 (forces) Worksheet Solutions

Yanbu University College. General Studies Department. Phsc001 Course (111) Chapter2 (forces) Worksheet Solutions 1 Yanbu University College General Studies Department Phsc001 Course (111) Chapter2 (forces) Worksheet Solutions 2 Chapter 2 Worksheet Part 1 Matching: Match the definitions with the given concepts. 1.

More information

Newton. Galileo THE LAW OF INERTIA REVIEW

Newton. Galileo THE LAW OF INERTIA REVIEW Galileo Newton THE LAW OF INERTIA REVIEW 1 MOTION IS RELATIVE We are moving 0 m/s and 30km/s Find the resultant velocities MOTION IS RELATIVE Position versus Time Graph. Explain how the car is moving.

More information

6.1 Force Causes Acceleration. Unbalanced forces acting on an object cause the object to accelerate. Recall the definition of acceleration:

6.1 Force Causes Acceleration. Unbalanced forces acting on an object cause the object to accelerate. Recall the definition of acceleration: Recall the definition of acceleration: An object accelerates when a net force acts on it. The cause of acceleration is force. 6.1 Force Causes Acceleration Unbalanced forces acting on an object cause the

More information

Chapter 4. The Laws of Motion

Chapter 4. The Laws of Motion Chapter 4 The Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics Describes the relationship between the motion of objects in our everyday world and the forces acting on them Conditions when Classical Mechanics does not

More information

7. Two forces are applied to a 2.0-kilogram block on a frictionless horizontal surface, as shown in the diagram below.

7. Two forces are applied to a 2.0-kilogram block on a frictionless horizontal surface, as shown in the diagram below. 1. Which statement about the movement of an object with zero acceleration is true? The object must be at rest. The object must be slowing down. The object may be speeding up. The object may be in motion.

More information

Physics 100. Today. Finish Chapter 5: Newton s 3 rd Law. Chapter 6: Momentum

Physics 100. Today. Finish Chapter 5: Newton s 3 rd Law. Chapter 6: Momentum Physics 100 Today Finish Chapter 5: Newton s 3 rd Law Chapter 6: Momentum Momentum = inertia in motion Specifically, momentum = mass x velocity = m v Eg. Just as a truck and a roller skate have different

More information

Can You Snap a Card Out From Under a Coin?

Can You Snap a Card Out From Under a Coin? Can You Snap a Card Out From Under a Coin? 1. Balance half of a 3 x 5 index card on the tip of an index finger. 2. Place a penny on the card, just above your fingertip. 3. Give the card a quick horizontal

More information

Force. The cause of an acceleration or change in an object s motion. Any kind of a push or pull on an object.

Force. The cause of an acceleration or change in an object s motion. Any kind of a push or pull on an object. Force The cause of an acceleration or change in an object s motion. Any kind of a push or pull on an object. Forces do not always give rise to motion. Forces can be equal and opposite. Force is a vector

More information

Unit 4 Forces (Newton s Laws)

Unit 4 Forces (Newton s Laws) Name: Pd: Date: Unit Forces (Newton s Laws) The Nature of Forces force A push or pull exerted on an object. newton A unit of measure that equals the force required to accelerate kilogram of mass at meter

More information

that when friction is present, a is needed to keep an object moving. 21. State Newton s first law of motion.

that when friction is present, a is needed to keep an object moving. 21. State Newton s first law of motion. Chapter 3 Newton s First Law of Motion Inertia Exercises 31 Aristotle on Motion (pages 29 30) Fill in the blanks with the correct terms 1 Aristotle divided motion into two types: and 2 Natural motion on

More information

Forces. Unit 2. Why are forces important? In this Unit, you will learn: Key words. Previously PHYSICS 219

Forces. Unit 2. Why are forces important? In this Unit, you will learn: Key words. Previously PHYSICS 219 Previously Remember From Page 218 Forces are pushes and pulls that can move or squash objects. An object s speed is the distance it travels every second; if its speed increases, it is accelerating. Unit

More information

Chapter 6 Study Questions Name: Class:

Chapter 6 Study Questions Name: Class: Chapter 6 Study Questions Name: Class: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A feather and a rock dropped at the same time from

More information

Conceptual Physics Fundamentals. Chapter 4: NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION

Conceptual Physics Fundamentals. Chapter 4: NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 4: NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION This lecture will help you understand: Newton s First Law of Motion Newton s Second Law of Motion Forces and Interactions Newton s Third

More information

Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course

Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course I. C ONTENT S TANDARDS Central Concept: Newton s laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of 1.1

More information

3/10/2019. What Is a Force? What Is a Force? Tactics: Drawing Force Vectors

3/10/2019. What Is a Force? What Is a Force? Tactics: Drawing Force Vectors What Is a Force? A force acts on an object. A force requires an agent, something that acts on the object. If you throw a ball, your hand is the agent or cause of the force exerted on the ball. A force

More information

12-Newton's law os Motion. The net force acting on a box is 18 newtons upward. The box accelerates at a rate of 3 m/s 2.

12-Newton's law os Motion. The net force acting on a box is 18 newtons upward. The box accelerates at a rate of 3 m/s 2. Read each question carefully. 1) The net force acting on a box is 18 newtons upward. The box accelerates at a rate of 3 m/s 2. What is the box's mass? 6 kg 15 kg 21 kg 54 kg 2) A motorcycle and a van collide

More information

Page 1. Name: Section This assignment is due at the first class in 2019 Part I Show all work!

Page 1. Name: Section This assignment is due at the first class in 2019 Part I Show all work! Name: Section This assignment is due at the first class in 2019 Part I Show all work! 7164-1 - Page 1 1) A car travels at constant speed around a section of horizontal, circular track. On the diagram provided

More information

Conceptual Physics Fundamentals. Chapter 3: EQUILIBRIUM AND LINEAR MOTION

Conceptual Physics Fundamentals. Chapter 3: EQUILIBRIUM AND LINEAR MOTION Conceptual Physics Fundamentals Chapter 3: EQUILIBRIUM AND LINEAR MOTION This lecture will help you understand: Aristotle on Motion Galileo s Concept of Inertia Mass A Measure of Inertia Net Force The

More information

Chapter: The Laws of Motion

Chapter: The Laws of Motion Table of Contents Chapter: The Laws of Motion Section 1: Newton s Second Law Section 2: Gravity Section 3: The Third Law of Motion 1 Newton s Second Law Force, Mass, and Acceleration Newton s first law

More information

Force, Friction & Gravity Notes

Force, Friction & Gravity Notes Force, Friction & Gravity Notes Key Terms to Know Speed: The distance traveled by an object within a certain amount of time. Speed = distance/time Velocity: Speed in a given direction Acceleration: The

More information

If there is nothing pushing on an object, it will not move. If there is nothing pushing on an object, it will not stop. The List:

If there is nothing pushing on an object, it will not move. If there is nothing pushing on an object, it will not stop. The List: If there is nothing pushing on an object, it will not move. If there is nothing pushing on an object, it will not stop. The List: No Push No Go No Push No Stop No Push No Speed Up No Push No Slow Down

More information

Investigations for Chapter 3

Investigations for Chapter 3 1 Forces and Motion Introduction to Chapter 3 Things in the universe are always moving, but what gets them going? In this chapter you will follow Sir Isaac Newton s brilliant discoveries of the link between

More information

Figure 5.1: Force is the only action that has the ability to change motion. Without force, the motion of an object cannot be started or changed.

Figure 5.1: Force is the only action that has the ability to change motion. Without force, the motion of an object cannot be started or changed. 5.1 Newton s First Law Sir Isaac Newton, an English physicist and mathematician, was one of the most brilliant scientists in history. Before the age of thirty he had made many important discoveries in

More information

CP Snr and Hon Freshmen Study Guide

CP Snr and Hon Freshmen Study Guide CP Snr and Hon Freshmen Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Displacement is which of the following types of quantities? a. vector

More information

1. A train moves at a constant velocity of 90 km/h. How far will it move in 0.25 h? A. 10 km B km C. 25 km D. 45 km E. 50 km

1. A train moves at a constant velocity of 90 km/h. How far will it move in 0.25 h? A. 10 km B km C. 25 km D. 45 km E. 50 km Name: Physics I Mid Term Exam Review Multiple Choice Questions Date: Mr. Tiesler 1. A train moves at a constant velocity of 90 km/h. How far will it move in 0.25 h? A. 10 km B. 22.5 km C. 25 km D. 45 km

More information

What changes in space as opposed to being on the Earth? How does this affect mass? Is the car is in equilibrium? Where will the forces act?

What changes in space as opposed to being on the Earth? How does this affect mass? Is the car is in equilibrium? Where will the forces act? Quest Chapter 05 1 How would your mass change if you took a trip to the space station? 1. decreases; you weigh less. 2. increases; you weigh more. 3. no change in mass 2 (part 1 of 3) You are driving a

More information

Comments about HW #1 Sunset observations: Pick a convenient spot (your dorm?) Try to get 1 data point per week Keep a lab notebook with date, time,

Comments about HW #1 Sunset observations: Pick a convenient spot (your dorm?) Try to get 1 data point per week Keep a lab notebook with date, time, Comments about HW #1 Sunset observations: Pick a convenient spot (your dorm?) Try to get 1 data point per week Keep a lab notebook with date, time, weather, comments Mark down bad weather attempts Today:

More information

What Is a Force? Slide Pearson Education, Inc.

What Is a Force? Slide Pearson Education, Inc. What Is a Force? A force acts on an object. A force requires an agent, something that acts on the object. If you throw a ball, your hand is the agent or cause of the force exerted on the ball. A force

More information

PHYSICS. Chapter 5 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc.

PHYSICS. Chapter 5 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc. PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 5 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT Chapter 5 Force and Motion IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn about the connection between force and motion.

More information

Make sure you know the three laws inside and out! You must know the vocabulary too!

Make sure you know the three laws inside and out! You must know the vocabulary too! Newton's Laws Study Guide Test March 9 th The best plan is to study every night for 15 to 20 minutes. Make sure you know the three laws inside and out! You must know the vocabulary too! Newton s First

More information

8. The graph below shows a beetle s movement along a plant stem.

8. The graph below shows a beetle s movement along a plant stem. Name: Block: Date: Introductory Physics: Midyear Review 1. Motion and Forces Central Concept: Newton s laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of most objects. 1.1 Compare and contrast

More information

KEY NNHS Introductory Physics: MCAS Review Packet #1 Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course

KEY NNHS Introductory Physics: MCAS Review Packet #1 Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course I. C ONTENT S TANDARDS Central Concept: Newton s laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion of 1.1

More information

Chapter 4 Newton s Laws

Chapter 4 Newton s Laws Chapter 4 Newton s Laws Isaac Newton 1642-1727 Some inventions and discoveries: 3 laws of motion Universal law of gravity Calculus Ideas on: Sound Light Thermodynamics Reflecting telescope In this chapter,

More information

Practice Honors Physics Test: Newtons Laws

Practice Honors Physics Test: Newtons Laws Name: Class: Date: Practice Honors Physics Test: Newtons Laws Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Acceleration is defined as the CHANGE in

More information

Chapter 12 Study Guide

Chapter 12 Study Guide Chapter 12 Study Guide Key Concepts 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 A force can cause a resting object to move, or it can accelerate a moving object by changing the object s speed or direction. When the forces on

More information

WS-CH-4 Motion and Force Show all your work and equations used. Isaac Newton ( )

WS-CH-4 Motion and Force Show all your work and equations used. Isaac Newton ( ) AP PHYSICS 1 WS-CH-4 Motion and Force Show all your work and equations used. Isaac Newton (1643-1727) Isaac Newton was the greatest English mathematician of his generation. He laid the foundation for differential

More information

NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION. Chapter 2: pages Review questions 1, 5-10, 14, 17, 21-24, 30

NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION. Chapter 2: pages Review questions 1, 5-10, 14, 17, 21-24, 30 NEWTON S LAWS OF MOTION Chapter 2: pages 37-53 Review questions 1, 5-10, 14, 17, 21-24, 30 Sir Isaac Newton Born 1642 1665 began individual studies Proved universal gravitation Invented the Calculus Reflector

More information

Ch Forces & Motion. Forces can: 1. Cause a resting object to move 2. Accelerate a moving object (by changing speed or direction)

Ch Forces & Motion. Forces can: 1. Cause a resting object to move 2. Accelerate a moving object (by changing speed or direction) Ch. 12 - Forces & Motion Force --> a push or a pull that acts on an object Forces can: 1. Cause a resting object to move 2. Accelerate a moving object (by changing speed or direction) Force is measured

More information

Physics 100. Today. Finish Chapter 5: Newton s 3 rd Law. Chapter 6: Momentum

Physics 100. Today. Finish Chapter 5: Newton s 3 rd Law. Chapter 6: Momentum Physics 100 Today Finish Chapter 5: Newton s 3 rd Law Chapter 6: Momentum Momentum = inertia in motion Specifically, momentum = mass x velocity = m v Eg. Just as a truck and a roller skate have different

More information

Physics 100 Reminder: for on-line lectures

Physics 100 Reminder:  for on-line lectures Physics 100 Reminder: http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/physics/courses/physics100/fall-2016 for on-line lectures Today: Finish Chapter 3 Chap 4 - Newton s Second Law In Chapter 4, we establish a relationship

More information

Momentum and Impulse

Momentum and Impulse Momentum and Impulse Momentum All objects have mass; so if an object is moving, then it has momentum - it has its mass in motion. The amount of momentum which an object has is dependent upon two variables:

More information

EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 2

EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 2 EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 2 WORK, POWER AND ENERGY TRANSFER IN DYNAMIC ENGINEERING SYSTEMS TUTORIAL 1 - LINEAR MOTION Be able to determine

More information

Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course

Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course I. C O N T E N T S T A N D A R D S Central Concept: Newton s laws of motion and gravitation describe and predict the motion

More information

Midterm Prep. 1. Which combination correctly pairs a vector quantity with its corresponding unit?

Midterm Prep. 1. Which combination correctly pairs a vector quantity with its corresponding unit? Name: ate: 1. Which combination correctly pairs a vector quantity with its corresponding unit?. weight and kg. velocity and m/s. speed and m/s. acceleration and m 2 /s 2. 12.0-kilogram cart is moving at

More information

S15--Phys Q2 Momentum

S15--Phys Q2 Momentum Name: Class: Date: ID: A S15--Phys Q2 Momentum Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. If the momentum of an object changes and its mass remains

More information

PHYSICS. Chapter 5 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc.

PHYSICS. Chapter 5 Lecture FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E RANDALL D. KNIGHT Pearson Education, Inc. PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS A STRATEGIC APPROACH 4/E Chapter 5 Lecture RANDALL D. KNIGHT Chapter 5 Force and Motion IN THIS CHAPTER, you will learn about the connection between force and motion.

More information

FORCE AND MOTION. Conceptual Questions F G as seen in the figure. n, and a kinetic frictional force due to the rough table surface f k

FORCE AND MOTION. Conceptual Questions F G as seen in the figure. n, and a kinetic frictional force due to the rough table surface f k FORCE AND MOTION 5 Conceptual Questions 5.1. Two forces are present, tension T in the cable and gravitational force 5.. F G as seen in the figure. Four forces act on the block: the push of the spring F

More information

Choose the best answer to each question and write the appropriate letter in the space provided.

Choose the best answer to each question and write the appropriate letter in the space provided. Study Guide for Physics Mid-Term Mr. St. John Name: _ Class: Date: Choose the best answer to each question and write the appropriate letter in the space provided. 1) Which one of the following steps is

More information

Chapter: The Laws of Motion

Chapter: The Laws of Motion Chapter 4 Table of Contents Chapter: The Laws of Motion Section 1: Newton s Second Law Section 2: Gravity Section 3: The Third Law of Motion 3 Motion and Forces Newton s Laws of Motion The British scientist

More information

CHAPTER 9 FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION

CHAPTER 9 FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION CHAPTER 9 FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION Q 1. What is a force? Ans: Force is a push or pull which tries to bring the change in the state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line. Unit of force: force

More information

AP Physics 1 Momentum and Impulse Practice Test Name

AP Physics 1 Momentum and Impulse Practice Test Name AP Physics 1 Momentum and Impulse Practice Test Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) A rubber ball and a lump of clay have equal

More information

Chapter 1 about science 1. Differentiate between hypothesis and theory.

Chapter 1 about science 1. Differentiate between hypothesis and theory. Physics A Exam Review Name Hr PHYSICS SCIENTIFIC METHOD FACT HYPOTHESIS LAW THEORY PHYSICAL SCIENCE UNITS VECTOR MAGNITUDE FORCE MECHANICAL EQUILIBRIUM NET FORCE SCALAR RESULTANT TENSION SUPPORT FORCE

More information

FORCES. Force. Combining Forces

FORCES. Force. Combining Forces FORCES Force A force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. The unit of force is the newton (N) 1 newton is the force required to accelerate a mass

More information

Momentum. TAKE A LOOK 2. Predict How could the momentum of the car be increased?

Momentum. TAKE A LOOK 2. Predict How could the momentum of the car be increased? Name Class Date CHAPTER 2 Forces and Motion 3 Momentum SECTION BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is momentum? How is momentum calculated? What

More information

Year-9- Vectors and Scalars Velocity and Acceleration

Year-9- Vectors and Scalars Velocity and Acceleration Scalar Quantity Quantities that have only magnitude (size) but no direction are scalar quantities. Examples: mass, distance, time, energy and speed. Vector Quantity Quantities that have both magnitude

More information

4 Newton s Second Law of Motion

4 Newton s Second Law of Motion 4 Newton s Second Law of Motion Answers and Solutions for Chapter 4 Reading Check Questions 1. Acceleration and net force are proportional to each other, not equal to each other. 2. Your push and the force

More information

Chapter 5 Force and Motion

Chapter 5 Force and Motion Chapter 5 Force and Motion Chapter Goal: To establish a connection between force and motion. Slide 5-2 Chapter 5 Preview Slide 5-3 Chapter 5 Preview Slide 5-4 Chapter 5 Preview Slide 5-5 Chapter 5 Preview

More information

4.2. Visualize: Assess: Note that the climber does not touch the sides of the crevasse so there are no forces from the crevasse walls.

4.2. Visualize: Assess: Note that the climber does not touch the sides of the crevasse so there are no forces from the crevasse walls. 4.1. Solve: A force is basically a push or a pull on an object. There are five basic characteristics of forces. (i) A force has an agent that is the direct and immediate source of the push or pull. (ii)

More information

Name Class Date. height. Which ball would land first according to Aristotle? Explain.

Name Class Date. height. Which ball would land first according to Aristotle? Explain. Skills Worksheet Directed Reading A Section: Gravity and Motion 1. Suppose a baseball and a marble are dropped at the same time from the same height. Which ball would land first according to Aristotle?

More information

A force is could described by its magnitude and by the direction in which it acts.

A force is could described by its magnitude and by the direction in which it acts. 8.2.a Forces Students know a force has both direction and magnitude. P13 A force is could described by its magnitude and by the direction in which it acts. 1. Which of the following could describe the

More information

Conceptual Physics Momentum and Impulse Take Home Exam

Conceptual Physics Momentum and Impulse Take Home Exam Conceptual Physics Momentum and Impulse Take Home Exam Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Write notes in the margin explaining your answer 1.

More information

Ch. 2 The Laws of Motion

Ch. 2 The Laws of Motion Ch. 2 The Laws of Motion Lesson 1 Gravity and Friction Force - A push or pull we pull on a locker handle push a soccer ball or on the computer keys Contact force - push or pull on one object by another

More information

4 Study Guide. Forces in One Dimension Vocabulary Review

4 Study Guide. Forces in One Dimension Vocabulary Review Date Period Name CHAPTER 4 Study Guide Forces in One Dimension Vocabulary Review Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once. agent force Newton s second law apparent weight

More information

Version PREVIEW Semester 1 Review Slade (22222) 1

Version PREVIEW Semester 1 Review Slade (22222) 1 Version PREVIEW Semester 1 Review Slade () 1 This print-out should have 48 questions. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page find all choices before answering. Holt SF 0Rev 10A

More information

Forces. A force is a push or a pull on an object

Forces. A force is a push or a pull on an object Forces Forces A force is a push or a pull on an object Arrows are used to represent forces. The direction of the arrow represent the direction the force that exist or being applied. Forces A net force

More information

Ch 8 Momentum Test Review!

Ch 8 Momentum Test Review! Ch 8 Test Review! Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The momentum of an object is defined as the object's a. mass times its velocity. b. force

More information

1. Which one of the following situations is an example of an object with a non-zero kinetic energy?

1. Which one of the following situations is an example of an object with a non-zero kinetic energy? Name: Date: 1. Which one of the following situations is an example of an object with a non-zero kinetic energy? A) a drum of diesel fuel on a parked truck B) a stationary pendulum C) a satellite in geosynchronous

More information

UNIT 2G. Momentum & It s Conservation

UNIT 2G. Momentum & It s Conservation Name: Date:_ UNIT 2G Momentum & It s Conservation Momentum & Newton s 2 nd Law of Motion Newton s 2 nd Law states When an unbalanced force acts upon a body, it accelerates that body in the direction of

More information

8.1 Momentum. Momentum is conserved for all. forces don t interfere.

8.1 Momentum. Momentum is conserved for all. forces don t interfere. Momentum is conserved for all collisions as long as external forces don t interfere. The concept of inertia was introduced and developed both in terms of objects at rest and objects in motion. In this

More information

Force Test Review. 1. Give two ways to increase acceleration. You can increase acceleration by decreasing mass or increasing force.

Force Test Review. 1. Give two ways to increase acceleration. You can increase acceleration by decreasing mass or increasing force. Force Test Review 1. Give two ways to increase acceleration. You can increase acceleration by decreasing mass or increasing force. 2. Define weight. The force of gravity on an object at the surface of

More information

Physics 101. Chap 4 - Newton s Second Law. Will establish a relationship between force (chap 2) and acceleration (chap. 3).

Physics 101. Chap 4 - Newton s Second Law. Will establish a relationship between force (chap 2) and acceleration (chap. 3). Physics 101 Chap 4 - Newton s Second Law Will establish a relationship between force (chap 2) and acceleration (chap. 3). Rember one of the condition we defined: SF=0 Equilibrium Condition This time, we

More information

Force a push or a pull exerted on some object the cause of an acceleration, or the change in an objects velocity

Force a push or a pull exerted on some object the cause of an acceleration, or the change in an objects velocity Chapter 4 Physics Notes Changes in Motion Force a push or a pull exerted on some object the cause of an acceleration, or the change in an objects velocity Forces cause changes in velocity Causes a stationary

More information

1. (P2.1A) The picture below shows a ball rolling along a table at 1 second time intervals. What is the object s average velocity after 6 seconds?

1. (P2.1A) The picture below shows a ball rolling along a table at 1 second time intervals. What is the object s average velocity after 6 seconds? PHYSICS FINAL EXAM REVIEW FIRST SEMESTER (01/2017) UNIT 1 Motion P2.1 A Calculate the average speed of an object using the change of position and elapsed time. P2.1B Represent the velocities for linear

More information

Chapter 12 Forces and Motion

Chapter 12 Forces and Motion Chapter 12 Forces and Motion GOAL: Students will be able to interpret and apply Newton s three laws of motion and analyze the motion of an object in terms of its position, velocity, and acceleration. Standard:

More information

A N D. c h a p t e r 1 2 M O T I O N F O R C E S

A N D. c h a p t e r 1 2 M O T I O N F O R C E S F O R C E S A N D c h a p t e r 1 2 M O T I O N What is a FORCE? A FORCE is a push or pull that acts on an object. A force can cause a resting object to move OR Accelerate a moving object by: changing

More information

Force, Friction, Gravity and Newton s Laws. Chapter 3 Lessons 4-6

Force, Friction, Gravity and Newton s Laws. Chapter 3 Lessons 4-6 Force, Friction, Gravity and Newton s Laws Chapter 3 Lessons 4-6 I can... identify when forces add or subtract. calculate the Net Force. explain the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces. force:

More information

Chapter 4: Dynamics. Newton s Laws

Chapter 4: Dynamics. Newton s Laws Chapter 4: Dynamics Newton s Laws What if we all jumped at once? Newton s 1st Law Objects with mass have Inertia: the tendency to stay at rest (or moving!) The more mass an object has, the more difficult

More information

2.1 Force. Net Force. Net Force. Net Force

2.1 Force. Net Force. Net Force. Net Force An object in mechanical equilibrium is stable, without changes in motion. Things that are in balance with one another illustrate equilibrium. Things in mechanical equilibrium are stable, without changes

More information

So Who was Sir Issac Newton??

So Who was Sir Issac Newton?? So Who was Sir Issac Newton?? Sir Isaac Newton (1642 1727), an English physicist and mathematician, was one of the most brilliant scientists in history. Before age 30, he had made several important discoveries

More information

Lecture Notes (Momentum & Impulse)

Lecture Notes (Momentum & Impulse) Lecture Notes (Momentum & Impulse) Intro: - earlier in the year, we introduced Galileo's Principle of Inertia and we talked how Newton used this idea to formulate his first law of motion - Newton discussed

More information

Friction and Pressure

Friction and Pressure Friction and Pressure Pre-Test - Post-Test 1. Pressure is defined as. A) force through distance. B) change in height per time. C) force per area. D) force per time. E) energy per area. 2. Which of the

More information

Forces. Video Demos. Graphing HW: October 03, 2016

Forces. Video Demos. Graphing HW: October 03, 2016 Distance (m or km) : Create a story using the graph. Describe what will be happening at each point during the day (A-D). Example: Trump has a busy day. He is currently at Trump Tower in NY. A- Trump jumps

More information

A-PDF Split DEMO : Purchase from to remove the watermark

A-PDF Split DEMO : Purchase from  to remove the watermark A-PDF Split DEMO : Purchase from www.a-pdf.com to remove the watermark 1 Forces and Motion Introduction to Things in the universe are always moving, but what gets them going? In this chapter you will follow

More information

Newton s Laws of Motion. I. Law of Inertia II. F=ma III. Action-Reaction

Newton s Laws of Motion. I. Law of Inertia II. F=ma III. Action-Reaction Newton s Laws of Motion I. Law of Inertia II. F=ma III. Action-Reaction While most people know what Newton's laws say, many people do not know what they mean (or simply do not believe what they mean).

More information

P11 Dynamics 1 Forces and Laws of Motion Bundle.notebook October 14, 2013

P11 Dynamics 1 Forces and Laws of Motion Bundle.notebook October 14, 2013 Dynamics 1 Definition of Dynamics Dynamics is the study of why an object moves. In order to understand why objects move, we must first study forces. Forces A force is defined as a push or a pull. Forces

More information

Who was Isaac Newton?

Who was Isaac Newton? Forces & Motion Who was Isaac Newton? Born: December 25, 1643 in England (the same year Galileo died) knighted by Queen Anne in 1705 to become Sir Isaac Newton at age 64 The first person to describe universal

More information

2 Mechanical Equilibrium. An object in mechanical equilibrium is stable, without changes in motion.

2 Mechanical Equilibrium. An object in mechanical equilibrium is stable, without changes in motion. An object in mechanical equilibrium is stable, without changes in motion. Things that are in balance with one another illustrate equilibrium. Things in mechanical equilibrium are stable, without changes

More information

Directed Reading B. Section: Newton s Laws of Motion NEWTON S FIRST LAW OF MOTION

Directed Reading B. Section: Newton s Laws of Motion NEWTON S FIRST LAW OF MOTION Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Newton s Laws of Motion NEWTON S FIRST LAW OF MOTION Part 1: Objects at Rest 1. Which is NOT an example of an object at rest? a. a golf ball on a tee b. a jet

More information

Overview The Laws of Motion

Overview The Laws of Motion Directed Reading for Content Mastery Overview The Laws of Motion Directions: Fill in the blanks using the terms listed below. force inertia momentum sliding conservation of momentum gravitational ma mv

More information

ConcepTest 3.7a Punts I

ConcepTest 3.7a Punts I ConcepTest 3.7a Punts I Which of the 3 punts has the longest hang time? 1 2 3 4) all have the same hang time h ConcepTest 3.7a Punts I Which of the 3 punts has the longest hang time? 1 2 3 4) all have

More information

Chapter 6. Preview. Section 1 Gravity and Motion. Section 2 Newton s Laws of Motion. Section 3 Momentum. Forces and Motion.

Chapter 6. Preview. Section 1 Gravity and Motion. Section 2 Newton s Laws of Motion. Section 3 Momentum. Forces and Motion. Forces and Motion Preview Section 1 Gravity and Motion Section 2 Newton s Laws of Motion Section 3 Momentum Concept Mapping Section 1 Gravity and Motion Bellringer Answer the following question in your

More information

Newton's 1 st Law. Newton s Laws. Newton's 2 nd Law of Motion. Newton's Second Law (cont.) Newton's Second Law (cont.)

Newton's 1 st Law. Newton s Laws. Newton's 2 nd Law of Motion. Newton's Second Law (cont.) Newton's Second Law (cont.) Newton s Laws 1) Inertia - objects in motion stay in motion 2) F=ma 3) Equal and opposite reactions Newton's 1 st Law What is the natural state of motion of an object? An object at rest remains at rest,

More information