高性能第二代高温超导带材 - 批量化生产和持续技术更新

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1 superior performance. powerful technology. 高性能第二代高温超导带材 - 批量化生产和持续技术更新 High-performance 2G HTS wire: manufacturing and technology advancement 谢义元 (Yi-Yuan Xie), V. Selvamanickam, Y. Chen, X. Xiong, M. Marchevsky, A. Rar, K. Lenseth, Y. Qiao, D. Hazelton, J. Carlos Llambes, A. Knoll, and J. Dackow 第十届 5-8 日 The 1 th National Conference on Superconductivity, Beijing, July 5-8, 29 SuperPower, Inc. is a subsidiary of Royal Philips Electronics N.V.

2 Outline Introduction Status of 2G HTS wire manufacturing at SuperPower Demonstration for real-world applications R&D on high-performance wires Summary

3 SuperPower Headquarters SuperPower has consistent, long-term support from Philips Manufacturing operation in Schenectady focused on high-performance, long-length 2G HTS wire production and coil technologies Schenectady, NY HTS HTS Post Post HTS HTS --Slitting Substrate polishing Buffer Buffer --IBAD IBAD ~ 7 7 employees

4 Houston research facility in full operation Five SuperPower scientists at Univ. Houston devoted 1% to R&D Four main deposition systems installed and functioning SuperPower staff operate systems, supervise research students Enables clear focus on next generation of technology 4

5 Advantages of 2G HTS Wire REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ coated conductors; HTS film is biaxially textured Critical temperature (T c ) ~ 9 K; application temperatures up to LN 2 High current carrying capability (A/cm 2 ) Copper wire: ~2 2G HTS: >2,, or 2, (including stabilizer and substrate) Better in-field properties than 1G HTS (BSCCO) Wire Better mechanical properties than 1G HTS (especially for SuperPower 2G HTS wire that uses strong substrate) Lower ac loss than 1G HTS (especially for SuperPower 2G HTS wire that uses non-magnetic and highly resistive substrate) Potentially more economical than 1G HTS and copper wire, i.e., lower in /ka-m Some unique electromagnetic properties new functionality, enabling technology, such as resistive-type SFCL

6 SuperPower s 2G wire is based on high throughput processes & superior substrate 2μm Cu Cu 2μm Cu Substrate Cu Substrate /Buffer 2 μm Ag 1 μm HTS (epitaxial) Buffer stack HTS Stabilization SuperPower 2G wire is based on high throughput IBAD MgO and MOCVD processes High throughput is critical for low cost 2G wire and to minimize capital investment IBAD-MgO MOCVD Electroplating <.1 mm IBAD GZO PLD Bonding IBAD YSZ RABiTS ISD MOD Evaporation Hermetic seal Thin profile Round edges

7 Advantages of IBAD technology Virtually any substrate can be used High-strength substrates Non-magnetic substrates Low cost, off-the shelf substrates (Inconel, Hastelloy, Stainless Steel) Very thin substrates (5 μm) Resistive substrates for low ac losses Easy to handle less possibility of defects Small grain size sub micron range No issues with percolation in any length Can pattern wire to very narrow filaments for low ac loss wire IBAD MgO develops excellent texture within 1 nm thickness High Throughput IBSD Source Substrate Block Target Assist Ion Beam

8 Advantages of MOCVD Only process with combination of both high deposition rate & large deposition area (= highest throughput) Precursors are maintained outside vacuum chamber (refill is simple) Solution precursor improved the reliability of vapor source supply, and make it easy to control/tune film composition Low vacuum (a few Torr) 1. Precursor Delivery Delivery Pump Vaporizer Ar 2. Precursor Vaporization Liquid Precursor O2 Showerhead 3. Precursor Injection HTS Layer by MOCVD Reactor Substrate Heater Vacuum Pump

9 In-plane texture (degrees) Routine manufacturing of kilometer lengths of fully buffered tape with excellent performance Tapes longer that 1 m with 5-layer buffer stack show in-plane texture of 6 7 degrees and excellent uniformity of ~ 2% Position (m) 9 1, 1,1 Tape 1 Tape 2 Tape 3 Tape 4 Tape 5 Tape 6 Tape 7 Tape 8 Tape 9 1,2 1,3 1,4 2μm Cu 2μm Cu Ag 5μm Hastelloy substrate HTS LMO Homo-epi MgO IBAD MgO Tape 1 Tape Length In-plane texture ( ) Uniformity (m) Average Min Max 1 1, % 2 1, % 3 1, % 4 1, % 5 1, % 6 1, % 7 1, % 8 1, % 9 1, % 1 1, %

10 July - Aug. 28: Crossed the km threshold! Ic (A/cm) m Ic > 35 A/cm 4 mm: 14 A 77 K, Ic measured every 5 m using continuous dc currents over entire tape width of 12 mm (not slit) Voltage criterion =.2 microvolt/cm 32 m Ic > 35 A/cm 4 mm: 14 A Position (m) 31 m Ic > 35 A/cm 4 mm: 14 A Except for three spots, Ic of rest of 1,3 m > 3 A/cm 4mm: 12 A Length (m) Minimum Ic μv/cm I c Length (A-m) , , ,98

11 SuperPower consistently delivers rapid progress in 2G HTS wire scale-up 24, 1,, 1, 1, 1, 1 1 May-2 Oct-2 Mar-3 Aug-3 Jan-4 Jun-4 Nov-4 Apr-5 Sep-5 Feb-6 Jul-6 Nov-6 Apr-7 Sep-7 Feb-8 Jul-8 Critical Current * Length (A-m) 2, 16, 12, 8, 4, 1 m Growth in last year 1 m to 1,3 m in 6 years 26 m 18 m 62 m 97 m 158 m 1,311 m 935 m 427 m 322 m 79 m 595 m World Records Nov-1 Jul-2 Mar-3 Nov-3 Aug-4 Apr-5 Dec-5 Aug-6 Apr-7 Jan-8 Sep-8 Critical Current * Length (A-m)

12 Excellent in-field performance make a wide range of real-world applications possible J e (KA/cm 2 ) Low Field Ic(B//ab)/Ic(77K,T) - 4.2K Ic(B//c)/Ic(77K,T) K Ic(B//c)/Ic(77K,T) - 14 K Ic(B//c)/Ic(77K,T) - 22 K Ic(B//c)/Ic(77K,T) - 33K.1 Ic(B//c)/Ic(77K,T) - 5K Ic(B//c)/Ic(77K,T) - 65 K Ic(B//c)/Ic(77K,T) - 72K Ic(B//c)/Ic(77K,T) - 77K 1E BSCCO 77K, B//C Medium Field High Field Magnetic Field B (Tesla) Ultra-High Field I c (B)/I c (77K,T) High temp, low fields: Cable, SFCL, Transformer, Motor/generator Plasma Propulsion Xal Growth Magnet Magnetic separation Medium temp, medium fields: Plasma Propulsion Xal Growth Magnet Maglev SMES Low temp, high fields; SMES High-Field MRI High-Field Insert NMR * J e is calculated based on I c (77 K, T) = 1 A and scaling factors measured by D. Larbalestier, et al at FSU and E. Barzi, et al. of Fermi Lab.

13 In 27, 3 m cable was manufactured by Sumitomo Electric with ~1, m of SuperPower 2G HTS wire 2G wire cable winding 3 core stranding Cu Stranded Wire Former Electric Insulation (PPLP + Liquid Nitrogen) Stainless Steel Double Corrugated Cryostat 135 mm 2G HTS wire (3 conductor Layers) 2G HTS wire (2 shield Layers) Cu Shield

14 YBCO cable DC critical current and AC loss 3 meter 3-Core Ic (Conductor) = ~ A (DC, 77K, 1uV/cm) Ic (Shield) = ~ 24 25A (DC, 77K, 1uV/cm) meter single core Current loading: Go through conductor Return thru shield Measuring: Lock-in amplifier with electrical 4 terminals 1 Electrical Field(uV/cm) Core-1 Core-2 Core-3 Conductor Ic Criterion (1uV/cm) AC loss (W/m/phase).1.1 Measured value Current (A, DC) Very good match between test results and design values Loading Current (Arms, 6Hz).34 8 Arms Slightly better result than the 1 meter test sample core

15 Demonstration of the world s first 2G HTS device in a live power grid Jan 8 28 Phase I: BSCCO 32+3m Phase II: 3m YBCO Temperature Deference [K] Temperature Deference between Outlet and Inlet of Cable Transmitted Electricity [MVA] Transmitted Electricity 1/7 1/21 2/4 2/18 3/3 3/17 3/31 Date (28) Phase I - 3 m 2G cable spliced to Phased 32 m 1G cable The entire 35 m cable re-energized in grid January 28; performed without any issues

16 27 - world record high-field magnet demonstrated with standard 2G HTS wire Peak hoop stress ~ 215MPa, well below tape limit 19T background self field Coil ID Winding ID Winding OD No. of Pancakes 9.5 mm (clear) 19.1 mm ~ 87 mm 12 (6 x double) Central Field (T) A A Current (A) 2G wire used Average Ic of wires in coil ~ 462 m 78 A in 4 mm width (77 K, self field) SuperPower coil tested in NHMFL s unique, 19 T, 2 cm wide-bore, 2MW Bitter magnet by H. Weijers, D. Markewicz, & D. Larbalestier, NHMFL, FSU

17 New conductor for high-field coils 33.8 T reported at ISS28 by W.H. Weijers (NHMFL)

18 2G wire for SFCL shows consistent, excellent performance As new sources of generation are added, utilities are faced with the threat of higher levels of fault current. HTS FCLs will reduce available fault current to lower, safer level (2%-5% reduction), so existing switchgear can still protect the grid High N-value facilitates fast response and first peak limiting. Uniform quench enables high e-field 1.6 V peak /cm Current [ka] Voltage across HTS elements [kv] Time [ms] Iprospective I_total_KEMA I_HTS Ish V_total_KEMA High-power SFCL test Prospective current Limited current Peak current through element Response time Element quality range 2G 9 ka* 32 ka 3 ka < 1 ms Narrow Current [ka] Quench speed around.5 ms Time [ms] I_total_KEMA I_HTS Ish V_total_KEMA Voltage across HTS elements [kv]

19 Manufacturing and R&D at SuperPower Schenectady Production Line Process Standardization to ensure commercial wire supply to the market Standardization and consistency in process = repeatable results Manufacturing supervisors and process engineers ensuring repeated results based on standardized work instructions Stabilize process and drive costs down based on consistency Look for constant improvements (productivity & reduced variation) Houston R&D Center High-performance wire, high-efficiency process and advanced architecture per application requirement Develop new processes to demonstrate potential. Scientists directing experiments based on in-depth understanding of the principles. Tuning process conditions to achieve ultimate results Look for constant improvements (performance) 19

20 Higher I c : Advancing 1 A conductor from R&D to manufacturing Critical current (A/cm-width) GdYBCO 27 GdYBCO 25 Sm YBCO 26 Sm YBCO Thickness (μm) Jc (MA/cm 2 ) Over 1 m length, I c = 976 A = 813 A/cm = 32 A/4 mm Using production buffer tapes I c Increase progressively Technology advancement Research MOCVD Pilot MOCVD 1 I c : 8-1 A for today s standard product HTS film thickness

21 In-field performance enhancement by Zr doping in MOCVD-REBCO films up to 3.3 micron thick Ic (A/cm) micron SmYBCO micron GdYBCO micron Zr:GdYBCO K, 1 T Angle between field and tape (degrees) 2 to 2.5 x improvement in Ic by Zr doping Ic (77 K, 1 T) 28 Zr-doped (Gd,Y)BCO 27 (Gd,Y)BCO Improvement B perp. to tape Minimum Ic 229 A/cm 186 A/cm 116 A/cm 97% 11 A/cm 85% Data from Y. Zhang, M. Paranthaman, A. Goyal, ORNL

22 Wires with different film chemistry from Pilot MOCVD Crtical current (A) (Y,Sm)BCO (Y,Gd)BCO (Y,Sm)BCO with Zr (Y,Gd)BCO with Zr Angle between magnetic field & tape (degrees) Data from Y. Zhang, M. Paranthaman, A. Goyal, ORNL This improved performance being realized in routine long length production

23 Low-ac loss wire configurations demonstrated 4 mm ac loss (W/m) Good Ic and reasonable ac loss reduction achieved Length extended up to ~ 15 m Developing new process to scale up Hz B ac rms (T) unstriated 5.1 x multifilamentary 12 mm I in 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm ROEBEL conductor strips (left) and cable (upper) (Courtesy of Dr. Goldacker, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). 5 mm Only 3% loss in current (A/cm-w) from 2G wire to ROEBEL cable Cable engineering current density = 11,3 A/cm 2 Both configurations require I c uniformity across tapes width over long length ROEBEL conductor further needs supercurrent flowing at transverse direction Demonstrated suitability for such low-ac loss wire configurations 5 mm 5 mm I out

24 Summary SuperPower 2G HTS wire product line based on high throughput IBAD MgO and MOCVD processes. Transitioning to series production through process standardization to ensure commercial wire supply to the market. Production of long-length 2G HTS Wire has crossed 1 km threshold with minimum Ic of 227A/cm-w. Splice-free lengths of several hundred meters are now commercially available SuperPower s 2G HTS technology development focused on metrics that will help broadening market penetration: High Ic: 813 A/cm-width at 77K and self-field over 1 meter length Enhanced in-field performance: x improvement achieved at 77 K in perpendicular fields Low ac loss: Tapes with continuous filamentization up to15 m long made in an industrial process Excellent mechanical properties and in-field performance makes SuperPower 2G wire suitable for a wide range of applications as demonstrated in cable, high-field coils and SFCL. Transferring advanced technologies from R&D to manufacturing will further enhance performance of 2G wire and devices.

25 Thank you for your interest Please visit our Exhibition Booth at this Conference! 谢谢大家! 请参观我们公司的展台! For further information about SuperPower, Inc.: