Scaling in Movement Trajectory Analysis
|
|
- Nigel Gordon
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Scaling in Movement Trajectory Analysis
2
3 Lévy or not Lévy? Path Characterization Random Walk Models Scaling with Size and Environment Step Identification Area Restricted Search
4 Size-Grain Hypothesis Kaspari & Weiser 1999, Funct. Ecol.
5 Kaspari & Weiser 1999, Funct. Ecol.
6 Kaspari & Weiser 2007, Ecol. Entom.
7 Body Size & Temperature vs. Running Speed Temperature Hurlbert et al. 2008, Ecol. Entom.
8 Hurlbert et al. 2008, Ecol. Entom.
9 P Metabolic Power Mass Coefficient (state, taxon, temp.) Speed Force on the locom. appendages Metabolic Rate Hirt et al. 2017, Ecology
10 Hirt et al. 2017, Ecology
11 Open questions: Temperature a factor? Natural rugosity of the surface a factor? In nature these relationships not all that relevant? Useful to reduce to mean? Differences/mechanisms more interesting?
12 How to characterize paths? Messor wasmanni Frizzi 2018, Ins. Soc.
13 Straightness
14 How squiggly? Tortuosity Frizzi 2018, Ins. Soc.
15 Fractal Dimension Intensity of Habitat Use Frizzi 2018, Ins. Soc.
16 MSD (cm 2 ) How dispersive? Mean Squared Displacement = (x x 0 ) y = x r.m.s. = x 2 x 0 2 (x x 0 ) time (s)
17 Indices Summary Straightness Sinuosity Intensity of Habitat Use Fractal Dimension Mean Squared Displacement Root Mean Squared Displacement Only if goal is present Depends on sample size Biological significance? Reason to assume? Population Dispersivity Individual Depends on type of question, organism, environment. Hard to objectively pick a priori
18 Patterns Behavioral Mechanism Optimality
19 Area Restricted Search
20 How to detect ARS Moving Average Speed or Turning Angle t Robinson et al 2007, Deep-Sea Res
21 How to detect ARS Moving Average Speed or Turning Angle t
22 How to detect ARS Moving Average Speed or Turning Angle t
23 How to detect ARS First Passage Time First Passage Time t Newell 1962, J Math Mech
24 How to detect ARS First Passage Time First Passage Time t
25 How to detect ARS First Passage Time First Passage Time t
26 How to detect ARS First Passage Time First Passage Time r 3 r 2 r 1 t
27 How to detect ARS First Passage Time First Passage Time r 3 r 2 r 1 t Var(FPT) r
28 How to detect ARS Residence Time First Passage Time r 3 r 2 r 1 t Var(FPT) r Barraquand & Benhamou 2008, Ecology
29 How to detect ARS Fractal Landscape Tremblay 2007, J Exp Biol
30 How to detect ARS Partial Sums Sinuosity + Speed Knell & Codling 2012, Theor Ecol
31 How to detect ARS Hidden Markov Models E I Knell & Codling 2012, Theor Ecol
32 Hidden Markov Models Basari et al. 2014, J Exp Biol
33 Methods Identifying ARS Mean Average (of Turning angle/speed) First Passage Time/Residence Time Fractal Landscape Partial Sums Hidden Markov Models
34 Patterns Behavioral Mechanism Models! Optimality
35 Quick history 1920s 1970s 1990s/2000s Edwards et al Nature
36 E (t+1) = E (t)+rule Expectation = location Step length Distribution Turning angle Distribution
37 Ballistic movement Step length Arbitrary/ f Turning angle 0 f Food No boundaries Food sources: Randomly dispersed Scarce Non-replenishing Non-predictable
38 Spiral of Archimedes N Central Place Forager Food sources: Randomly dispersed Scarce Non-replenishing Non-predictable
39 Simple Random Walk Step length Turning angle Constant/normal distr. Uniform distr Central Place Forager (or not) Food sources: Randomly dispersed Abundant Quickly replenishing Non-predictable
40 Correlated Random Walk f Step length Turning angle Some distribution Some distr. about 0 (Cauchy, van Mises, Normal, ) Central Place Forager (or not) Food sources: Randomly dispersed Scarce Non-replenishing Non-predictable
41 Step length Turning angle Power Uniform Lévy flight Food sources: Randomly dispersed Scarce Non-replenishing Non-predictable
42 Real data: what are steps and turns?
43 Usually equal time sampling interval Reynolds et al. 2007, Ecology
44 Corridor de Knegt et al. 2007, Beh Eco
45 Local Method Non-Local Method Reynolds et al. 2007, Ecology
46 Non-Local Method Reynolds et al. 2007, Ecology
47
48 2/3D 1D projection Humphries et al. 2013, Meth Ecol Evo
49 Alternative Approaches υ (T) t = at β Hunt et al. 2016, Roy Soc Open Sci
50 Alternative Approaches Hunt et al. 2016, Roy Soc Open Sci
51 Alternative Approaches
52 Turn ID Corridor Local Non-local 1D Projection Limited Arbitrary Potentially changing character of trajectory Indicators of Meaningful Steps Promising but hard to get
53 Lévy or not Lévy, that is the question! Patchily distributed food Mechanism pattern Hot debate
54 p l ~l μ James et al. 2011, J Royal Soc Interf
55 Shlesinger & Klafter 1986, On Growth and Form Paul Lévy
56 Papers about Lévy flights in animal movement Viswanathan et al. 1996, Nature Pyke 2015, Meth Ecol Evol
57 Ancient worms Human Hunter Gatherers Movement of Money Viruses T-cells Bacteria All sorts of animals: Spider monkeys Marine predators (reading) Bees Polar bears Vultures Sims et al. 2014, PNAS
58
59
60
61
62
63 CRW f Step length Turning angle 2 or more distr. 2 or more distr. Brownian Walk Composite Correlated Random Walk
64 Truncated Lévy Walk CCRW Step length distribution Power law, P~l -µ ; 1.5<µ<2.5 Multiple Exponential (e.g. µ=1 + Turning angle distribution Uniform Peak around 0 (or uniform) Self-similarity Scale-free (until boundaries) Scale-dependent CRW f L W f
65 Plank et al. 2013, Lec Notes in Math
66 Truncation CRWs always diffusive over long term but may be superdiff. in small scale. TLW also diffusivein large scale due to truncation. Step length Turning angle Power (a<l<b) Uniform Truncated Lévy Walk
67 Optimality If food farther away from perception range than just outside, Lévy becomes worse. If memory, sampling, differential search horizon present, Lévy becomes worse.
68 How do Lévy Flights come about?
69 What is scaling? (1) Quantify how characteristics of the system change (or don t change!) with changes in the fundamental dimensions (2) Characterize scaling function (pattern!) (3) Why such a function? -> theory Working hypothesis.... Inmost cases a scaling function will point tothe operation of general laws/principles.
70 Truncated Ballistic Reynolds 2015, Phys Life Rev
71 Self Avoiding Walks Shlesinger 1983, J Chem Phys Sims et al. 2014, PNAS
72 Shlesinger 1983, J Chem Phys
73 Sims et al. 2014, PNAS
74 Simulation Reynolds 2007, EPL
75 SAWs observed in animals but no correlation to LWs. Guy 2008, Anim Beh Atkinson et al. 2002, Oikos
76 Lawler et al. 2000, arxiv Reynolds 2010, Am Nat Following CRW Boundaries CRW Boundary: D = 1.33 Lévy Walk: D = µ - 1
77 Nearest Unoccupied Space Lowest Bid Auction Radicci et al. 2012, PLoS One
78 Physical Streams Cho et al. 2018, biorxiv
79 Neuronal Firing Mazzoni et al. 2007, PLoS One
80 Multiplicative Noise Biró & Jakovác 2007, Phys Rev Let
81 Lévy Walks Lots of issues with identifying: Sampling frequency, step resampling, model fitting Actually, it is mentally taxing & not really adapted to nature naturally arises when following simple rules Not selected for, but against losing.
82 Problems for the Future Step identification: Objectively possible? Machine learning for motifs steps, characterization, comparison, underlying behavioral mechanism/algorithm Open questions: ontogeny, indiv/spp. Variation, Group movement, Barriers, Soil organisms Using methods to answer hypotheses (requires solid analysis)
The Lévy Flight Foraging Hypothesis
The Lévy Flight Foraging Hypothesis Viswanathan et al. (1999) proposed that predators may use Lévy flights when searching for prey that is sparsely and unpredictably distributed. Distances traveled when
More informationSearch for Food of Birds, Fish and Insects
Search for Food of Birds, Fish and Insects Rainer Klages Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden Queen Mary University of London, School of Mathematical Sciences Diffusion Fundamentals
More informationA social-science approach. María Pereda Universidad de Burgos
A social-science approach. María Pereda mpereda@ubu.es Universidad de Burgos SimulPast project. Case of study 3: Social cooperation in late huntergatherer societies of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Test
More informationLecture notes for /12.586, Modeling Environmental Complexity. D. H. Rothman, MIT September 24, Anomalous diffusion
Lecture notes for 12.086/12.586, Modeling Environmental Complexity D. H. Rothman, MIT September 24, 2014 Contents 1 Anomalous diffusion 1 1.1 Beyond the central limit theorem................ 2 1.2 Large
More informationFísica Estatística e o Andar dos Animais
Outline Física Estatística e o Andar dos Animais Gandhimohan M. Viswanathan Universidade Federal de Alagoas 15 Encontro Sergipano de Física Julho de 2010 Outline Lévy Walks in a biological context Refs:
More informationThe use of GPS and compass loggers to reconstruct high-resolution trajectories in Cory s shearwaters
The use of GPS and compass loggers to reconstruct high-resolution trajectories in Cory s shearwaters (Calonectris diomedea) to investigate search strategies Stefano Focardi ISPRA - Italy Jacopo G. Cecere
More informationWavelet analysis to detect regime shifts in animal movement
Article Wavelet analysis to detect regime shifts in animal movement C. Gaucherel INRA, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, F-34000 France; CNRS, UMIFRE 21, Pondicherry, 605001 India E-mail: cedric.gaucherel@cirad.fr
More informationCover times of random searches
Cover times of random searches by Chupeau et al. NATURE PHYSICS www.nature.com/naturephysics 1 I. DEFINITIONS AND DERIVATION OF THE COVER TIME DISTRIBUTION We consider a random walker moving on a network
More informationOptimal foraging: Lévy pattern or process?
Optimal foraging: Lévy pattern or process? Plank, M. J. and James, A. Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract Many different species have been
More informationIntroduction to the mathematical modeling of multi-scale phenomena
Introduction to the mathematical modeling of multi-scale phenomena Diffusion Brownian motion Brownian motion (named after botanist Robert Brown) refers to the random motion of particles suspended in a
More informationThe DEPONS project Disturbance Effects on the Harbour Porpoise Population in the North Sea
The DEPONS project Disturbance Effects on the Harbour Porpoise Population in the North Sea Jacob Nabe-Nielsen, Aarhus University ASCOBANS meeting Wilhelmshaven, 20 June 2017 Modelling cumulative effects
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.bio-ph] 11 Feb 2013
1 arxiv:132.25v1 [physics.bio-ph] 11 Feb 213 Constructing a Stochastic Model of Bumblebee Flights from Experimental Data Friedrich Lenz 1,, Aleksei V. Chechkin 2,3, Rainer Klages 1 1 School of Mathematical
More informationA Composite Random Walk for Facing Environmental Uncertainty and Reduced Perceptual Capabilities
A Composite Random Walk for Facing Environmental Uncertainty and Reduced Perceptual Capabilities C.A. Pina-Garcia, Dongbing Gu, and Huosheng Hu School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University
More informationarxiv: v1 [physics.data-an] 17 Dec 2010
Scaling Mobility Patterns and Collective Movements: Deterministic Walks in Lattices Xiao-Pu Han 1, Tao Zhou 1,2, and Bing-Hong Wang 1,3 1 Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology
More informationBig Idea #2. Biological Systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis
Big Idea #2 Biological Systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis Free Energy Energy A very difficult to define quantity The ability
More informationRandom search processes occur in many areas, from chemical
évy strategies in intermittent search processes are advantageous Michael A. omholt, Tal Koren, Ralf Metzler, Joseph Klafter MEMPHYS Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Physics and Chemistry,
More informationWhat determines: 1) Species distributions? 2) Species diversity? Patterns and processes
Species diversity What determines: 1) Species distributions? 2) Species diversity? Patterns and processes At least 120 different (overlapping) hypotheses explaining species richness... We are going to
More informationLévy flights and superdiffusion in the context of biological encounters and random searches
Physics of Life Reviews 5 (2008) 133 150 Review www.elsevier.com/locate/plrev Lévy flights and superdiffusion in the context of biological encounters and random searches G.M. Viswanathan a,,1, E.P. Raposo
More informationA primer on phylogenetic biogeography and DEC models. March 13, 2017 Michael Landis Bodega Bay Workshop Sunny California
A primer on phylogenetic biogeography and DEC models March 13, 2017 Michael Landis Bodega Bay Workshop Sunny California Epidemiology Air travel communities H3N2 Influenza virus samples 2000 2007 CE Flu,
More informationAnomalous diffusion in cells: experimental data and modelling
Anomalous diffusion in cells: experimental data and modelling Hugues BERRY INRIA Lyon, France http://www.inrialpes.fr/berry/ CIMPA School Mathematical models in biology and medicine H. BERRY - Anomalous
More informationGary G. Mittelbach Michigan State University
Community Ecology Gary G. Mittelbach Michigan State University Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A. Brief Table of Contents 1 Community Ecology s Roots 1 PART I The Big
More informationthe scientific study of the relationships that living organisms have with each other and with their natural environment.
Ecology What is Ecology? In groups of 3, discuss what you think ecology is and come up with a working definition. Be prepared to share your definitions of ecology with the class. Ecology is... the scientific
More informationRandom walk through Anomalous processes: some applications of Fractional calculus
Random walk through Anomalous processes: some applications of Fractional calculus Nickolay Korabel Fractional Calculus Day @ UCMerced 12 June 2013 Fractional Calculus Mathematics Engineering Physics Levy
More information14.1. KEY CONCEPT Every organism has a habitat and a niche. 38 Reinforcement Unit 5 Resource Book
14.1 HABITAT AND NICHE KEY CONCEPT Every organism has a habitat and a niche. A habitat is all of the living and nonliving factors in the area where an organism lives. For example, the habitat of a frog
More informationUniversity of Groningen
University of Groningen Levy walks evolve through interaction between movement and environmental complexity de Jager, Monique; Weissing, Franz; Herman, Peter M. J.; Nolet, Bart A.; van de Koppel, Johan
More informationsuperdiffusion blocking Lagrangian Coh. Structures ocean currents internal waves and climate Coriolis force leads to barriers to transport (KAM torus)
Oceanic & Atmospheric Dynamics YESTERDAY Coriolis force leads to 2D flow (distances > ~100 km) jets and vortices barriers to transport (KAM torus) TODAY superdiffusion blocking Lagrangian Coh. Structures
More informationECOLOGY MODULE FIELDWORK REPORT FOR LEAVING CERTIFICATE STUDENTS ECOSYSTEM HABITAT. Name. School. Date
ECOLOGY MODULE FIELDWORK REPORT FOR LEAVING CERTIFICATE STUDENTS ECOSYSTEM HABITAT Name School Date Experiments covered 1) To carry out quantitative and qualitative surveys of the habitat 2) To use simple
More informationEvidence for Competition
Evidence for Competition Population growth in laboratory experiments carried out by the Russian scientist Gause on growth rates in two different yeast species Each of the species has the same food e.g.,
More informationBranches of Science. How many branches of science do you know Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy
Branches of Science How many branches of science do you know. - - - - - - - - Types of scientists Biology The study of life. Geology The study of Earth. Chemistry The study of Matter. Physics The study
More informationAnalyzing the House Fly s Exploratory Behavior with Autoregression Methods
Typeset with jpsj2.cls Full Paper Analyzing the House Fly s Exploratory Behavior with Autoregression Methods Hisanao TAKAHASHI 1, Naoto HORIBE 2, Takashi IKEGAMAI 2, Masakazu SHIMADA 2 1 interdisciplinary
More informationRANDOM GRAPHS AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. Part 8: Mobility. September 6, Carl P. Dettmann
RANDOM GRAPHS AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS Part 8: Mobility September 6, 2016 Carl P. Dettmann with Justin Coon, Marco Di Renzo and Orestis Georgiou Summary Most literature focuses on human mobility,
More information"PRINCIPLES OF PHYLOGENETICS: ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION" Integrative Biology 200 Spring 2018 University of California, Berkeley
"PRINCIPLES OF PHYLOGENETICS: ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION" Integrative Biology 200 Spring 2018 University of California, Berkeley D.D. Ackerly Feb. 26, 2018 Maximum Likelihood Principles, and Applications to
More informationMovements of striped bass in response to extreme weather events
Movements of striped bass in response to extreme weather events Helen Bailey and David Secor E-mail: hbailey@umces.edu 1 Background 2 Outline What is movement ecology? Methods for analyzing animal tracks
More informationOptimal foraging: Lévy pattern or process?
Optimal foraging: Lévy pattern or process? M. J. Plank and A. James* Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Many different species
More informationStudents will observe how population size can vary from generation to generation in response to changing environmental conditions.
Activity Description of "The Natural Selection of Forks and Beans" This lab was modified from an activity authored by Mike Basham and is available on Access Excellence (www.accessexcellence.com) Abstract:
More informationPath segmentation for beginners: an overview of current methods for detecting changes in animal movement patterns
Edelhoff et al. Movement Ecology (2016) 4:21 DOI 10.1186/s40462-016-0086-5 REVIEW Open Access Path segmentation for beginners: an overview of current methods for detecting changes in animal movement patterns
More informationUnderstanding the spatiotemporal pattern of grazing cattle movement
Understanding the spatiotemporal pattern of grazing cattle movement Kun Zhao and Raja Jurdak arxiv:1603.05319v1 [q-bio.qm] 17 Mar 2016 CSIRO Data61, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Abstract In this study,
More informationIrreversibility. Have you ever seen this happen? (when you weren t asleep or on medication) Which stage never happens?
Lecture 5: Statistical Processes Random Walk and Particle Diffusion Counting and Probability Microstates and Macrostates The meaning of equilibrium 0.10 0.08 Reading: Elements Ch. 5 Probability (N 1, N
More informationStatistical mechanics of animal movement: Animals s decision-making can result in superdiffusive spread
Statistical mechanics of animal movement: Animals s decision-making can result in superdiffusive spread Paulo F. C. Tilles 1, Sergei V. Petrovskii 2 Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester Leicester,
More informationSimple math for a complex world: Random walks in biology and finance. Jake Hofman Physics Department Columbia University
Simple math for a complex world: Random walks in biology and finance Jake Hofman Physics Department Columbia University 2007.10.31 1 Outline Complex systems The atomic hypothesis and Brownian motion Mathematics
More informationThe Lévy flight foraging hypothesis: forgetting about memory may lead to false verification of Brownian motion
Gautestad and Mysterud Movement Ecology 2013, 1:9 RESEARCH Open Access The Lévy flight foraging hypothesis: forgetting about memory may lead to false verification of Brownian motion Arild O Gautestad *
More informationWeak Ergodicity Breaking. Manchester 2016
Weak Ergodicity Breaking Eli Barkai Bar-Ilan University Burov, Froemberg, Garini, Metzler PCCP 16 (44), 24128 (2014) Akimoto, Saito Manchester 2016 Outline Experiments: anomalous diffusion of single molecules
More informationUnit 8: Ecology Guided Reading Questions (60 pts total)
AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 10th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Name: Unit 8: Ecology Guided Reading Questions (60 pts total) Chapter 51 Animal
More informationLattice models of habitat destruction in a prey-predator system
22nd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 3 to 8 December 2017 mssanz.org.au/modsim2017 Lattice models of habitat destruction in a prey-predator system Nariiyuki
More informationApproximate Inference
Approximate Inference Simulation has a name: sampling Sampling is a hot topic in machine learning, and it s really simple Basic idea: Draw N samples from a sampling distribution S Compute an approximate
More informationTo join or not to join: collective foraging strategies
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS To join or not to join: collective foraging strategies To cite this article: Kunal Bhattacharya and Tamás Vicsek 2015 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 638 012015
More informationForaging. This week in Animal Behaviour. How do animals choose? Do animals choose their food?
This week in Animal Behaviour Lecture 22: Cooperation Lecture 23: Foraging Lecture 24: TBA Text chapters 10-11 LAB: Project 2 proposal seminars Midterm 2 on Tuesday Nov. 8 Foraging 1. Models of foraging
More informationParameter Sensitivity In A Lattice Ecosystem With Intraguild Predation
Parameter Sensitivity In A Lattice Ecosystem With Intraguild Predation N. Nakagiri a, K. Tainaka a, T. Togashi b, T. Miyazaki b and J. Yoshimura a a Department of Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University,
More informationAn algorithm for empirically informed random trajectory generation between two endpoints
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2016 An algorithm for empirically informed random trajectory generation between
More informationOrganism Interactions in Ecosystems
Organism Interactions in Ecosystems Have you ever grown a plant or taken care of a pet? If so, you know they have certain needs such as water or warmth. Plants need sunlight to grow. Animals need food
More informationLecture 3: Mixture Models for Microbiome data. Lecture 3: Mixture Models for Microbiome data
Lecture 3: Mixture Models for Microbiome data 1 Lecture 3: Mixture Models for Microbiome data Outline: - Mixture Models (Negative Binomial) - DESeq2 / Don t Rarefy. Ever. 2 Hypothesis Tests - reminder
More informationLecture 4: Importance of Noise and Fluctuations
Lecture 4: Importance of Noise and Fluctuations Jordi Soriano Fradera Dept. Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona UB Institute of Complex Systems September 2016 1. Noise in biological
More informationDerivation of SPDEs for Correlated Random Walk Transport Models in One and Two Dimensions
This article was downloaded by: [Texas Technology University] On: 23 April 2013, At: 07:52 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered
More informationLAB EXERCISE #4 Modeling Connectivity
LAB EXERCISE #4 Modeling Connectivity Instructor: K. McGarigal Overview: In this exercise, you will learn to appreciate the challenges of modeling connectivity and gain practical hands-on experience doing
More informationFood Chains. energy: what is needed to do work or cause change
Have you ever seen a picture that shows a little fish about to be eaten by a big fish? Sometimes the big fish has an even bigger fish behind it. This is a simple food chain. A food chain is the path of
More informationHow Behavioral Constraints May Determine Optimal Sensory Representations
How Behavioral Constraints May Determine Optimal Sensory Representations by Salinas (2006) CPSC 644 Presented by Yoonsuck Choe Motivation Neural response is typically characterized in terms of a tuning
More informationThe Earth s Ecosystems
CHAPTER 17 DIRECTED READING WORKSHEET The Earth s Ecosystems As you read Chapter 17, which begins on page 414 of your textbook, answer the following questions. Would You Believe...? (p. 414) 1. How does
More informationEvolution Notes Darwin and His Ideas
Evolution Notes Darwin and His Ideas Charles Darwin Charles Darwin was born in 1809 (on the same day as Abraham Lincoln) In Darwin s day, scientists were just starting to come around to the idea the Earth
More informationMachine Learning. Neural Networks
Machine Learning Neural Networks Bryan Pardo, Northwestern University, Machine Learning EECS 349 Fall 2007 Biological Analogy Bryan Pardo, Northwestern University, Machine Learning EECS 349 Fall 2007 THE
More informationFirst Passage Time Calculations
First Passage Time Calculations Friday, April 24, 2015 2:01 PM Homework 4 will be posted over the weekend; due Wednesday, May 13 at 5 PM. We'll now develop some framework for calculating properties of
More informationCommunity Interactions. Community An assemblage of all the populations interacting in an area
Community Interactions Community An assemblage of all the populations interacting in an area Populations are affected by: Available living space habitat Resource Availability niche Species interactions
More informationStochastic Optimal Foraging: Tuning Intensive and Extensive Dynamics in Random Searches
Stochastic Optimal Foraging: Tuning Intensive and Extensive Dynamics in Random Searches Frederic Bartumeus 1,2 *, Ernesto P. Raposo 3, Gandhimohan M. Viswanathan 4, Marcos G. E. da Luz 5 1 ICREA Movement
More informationLecture 13. Drunk Man Walks
Lecture 13 Drunk Man Walks H. Risken, The Fokker-Planck Equation (Springer-Verlag Berlin 1989) C. W. Gardiner, Handbook of Stochastic Methods (Springer Berlin 2004) http://topp.org/ http://topp.org/species/mako_shark
More informationCh.5 Evolution and Community Ecology How do organisms become so well suited to their environment? Evolution and Natural Selection
Ch.5 Evolution and Community Ecology How do organisms become so well suited to their environment? Evolution and Natural Selection Gene: A sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait Gene pool: All
More informationA top-down approach to modelling marine ecosystems in the context of physical-biological. modelling. Alain F. Vezina,, Charles Hannah and Mike St.
A top-down approach to modelling marine ecosystems in the context of physical-biological modelling Alain F. Vezina,, Charles Hannah and Mike St.John The Ecosystem Modeller s s Universe Empiricists Data
More informationCSE 417T: Introduction to Machine Learning. Final Review. Henry Chai 12/4/18
CSE 417T: Introduction to Machine Learning Final Review Henry Chai 12/4/18 Overfitting Overfitting is fitting the training data more than is warranted Fitting noise rather than signal 2 Estimating! "#$
More informationON THE REGULARITY OF SAMPLE PATHS OF SUB-ELLIPTIC DIFFUSIONS ON MANIFOLDS
Bendikov, A. and Saloff-Coste, L. Osaka J. Math. 4 (5), 677 7 ON THE REGULARITY OF SAMPLE PATHS OF SUB-ELLIPTIC DIFFUSIONS ON MANIFOLDS ALEXANDER BENDIKOV and LAURENT SALOFF-COSTE (Received March 4, 4)
More informationSequential Monte Carlo methods for filtering of unobservable components of multidimensional diffusion Markov processes
Sequential Monte Carlo methods for filtering of unobservable components of multidimensional diffusion Markov processes Ellida M. Khazen * 13395 Coppermine Rd. Apartment 410 Herndon VA 20171 USA Abstract
More informationThe Power Law: Hallmark Of A Complex System
The Power Law: Hallmark Of A Complex System Or Playing With Data Can Be Dangerous For Your Mental Health Tom Love, Department of General Practice Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences University
More informationEcology: Part 1 Mrs. Bradbury
Ecology: Part 1 Mrs. Bradbury Biotic and Abiotic Factors All environments include living and non-living things, that affect the organisms that live there. Biotic Factors all the living organisms in an
More informationSituation. The XPS project. PSO publication pattern. Problem. Aims. Areas
Situation The XPS project we are looking at a paradigm in its youth, full of potential and fertile with new ideas and new perspectives Researchers in many countries are experimenting with particle swarms
More informationAPES Chapter 9 Study Guide. 1. Which of the following statements about sea otters is false?
APES Chapter 9 Study Guide 1. Which of the following statements about sea otters is false? They use tools, They have the thickest fur of any mammal. They can eat 25% of their weight per day in sea urchins
More informationNeural Networks for Machine Learning. Lecture 11a Hopfield Nets
Neural Networks for Machine Learning Lecture 11a Hopfield Nets Geoffrey Hinton Nitish Srivastava, Kevin Swersky Tijmen Tieleman Abdel-rahman Mohamed Hopfield Nets A Hopfield net is composed of binary threshold
More informationcycle water cycle evaporation condensation the process where water vapor a series of events that happen over and over
cycle a series of events that happen over and over water cycle evaporation the cycle in which Earth's water moves through the environment process when the heat of the sun changes water on Earth s surface
More informationLife Finds a Way Life Finds a Way
Life Finds a Way Life Finds a Way Deep, deep under the ocean, there is a place unlike anywhere else on earth. In a place so deep that it s impossible for sunlight to reach it, great rocky tubes shoot up
More informationEvolution of migration in a changing world. Cervus elaphus (known as red deer, elk, or wapiti)
Evolution of migration in a changing world Cervus elaphus (known as red deer, elk, or wapiti) 1 Rates of energy gain by red deer or elk are highest when feeding on young vegetation (2-4 weeks of growth)
More informationRandom walks. Marc R. Roussel Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge. March 18, 2009
Random walks Marc R. Roussel Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Lethbridge March 18, 009 1 Why study random walks? Random walks have a huge number of applications in statistical mechanics.
More informationBagging During Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Smoother Predictions
Bagging During Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Smoother Predictions Herbert K. H. Lee University of California, Santa Cruz Abstract: Making good predictions from noisy data is a challenging problem. Methods
More informationFlow Complexity, Multiscale Flows, and Turbulence
Invited Paper for 2006 WSEAS/IASME International Conference on Fluid Mechanics Miami, FL, January 18-20, 2006 Flow Complexity, Multiscale Flows, and Turbulence Haris J. Catrakis Iracletos Flow Dynamics
More informationA stochastic micro-machine inspired by bacterial chemotaxis
(6pp) A stochastic micro-machine inspired by bacterial chemotaxis Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter doi:10.1088/0953-8984/29/1/015102 ossein Mohammadi 1, Banafsheh Esckandariun 1 and Ali Najafi 1,2
More informationTezula funebralis Shell height variance in the Intertidal zones
Laci Uyesono Structural Comparison Adaptations of Marine Animals Tezula funebralis Shell height variance in the Intertidal zones Introduction The Pacific Coast of the United States is home to a great diversity
More informationTheoretical Advances on Generalized Fractals with Applications to Turbulence
Proceedings of the 5th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Athens, Greece, August 25-27, 2007 288 2007 IASME/WSEAS 5 th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics
More informationStability Analysis of a Population Dynamics Model with Allee Effect
Stability Analysis of a Population Dynamics Model with Allee Effect Canan Celik Abstract In this study, we focus on the stability analysis of equilibrium points of population dynamics with delay when the
More informationLecture: Mixture Models for Microbiome data
Lecture: Mixture Models for Microbiome data Lecture 3: Mixture Models for Microbiome data Outline: - - Sequencing thought experiment Mixture Models (tangent) - (esp. Negative Binomial) - Differential abundance
More informationEffects of Interactive Function Forms and Refractoryperiod in a Self-Organized Critical Model Based on Neural Networks
Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 42 (2004) pp. 121 125 c International Academic Publishers Vol. 42, No. 1, July 15, 2004 Effects of Interactive Function Forms and Refractoryperiod in a Self-Organized
More information14.1. Every organism has a habitat and a niche. A habitat differs from a niche. Interactions in Ecosystems CHAPTER 14.
SECTION 14.1 HABITAT AND NICHE Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Every organism has a habitat and a niche. VOCABULARY habitat ecological niche competitive exclusion ecological equivalent A habitat differs from a
More informationLABORATORY #12 -- BIOL 111 Predator-Prey cycles
LABORATORY #12 -- BIOL 111 Predator-Prey cycles One of the most influential kinds of relationships that species of animals can have with one another is that of predator (the hunter and eater) and prey
More informationDecomposers recycle nutrients (matter) but ENERGY IS ALWAYS LOST
Decomposers recycle nutrients (matter) but ENERGY IS ALWAYS LOST What does this mean to us Stable ecosystems have a continual input of energy And more producers than consumers It takes less energy to produce
More informationLévy Flights in Dobe Ju/ hoansi Foraging Patterns
Hum Ecol (2007) 35:129 138 DOI 10.1007/s10745-006-9083-4 Lévy Flights in Dobe Ju/ hoansi Foraging Patterns Clifford T. Brown & Larry S. Liebovitch & Rachel Glendon Published online: 6 December 2006 # Springer
More informationProbabilistic Models in Theoretical Neuroscience
Probabilistic Models in Theoretical Neuroscience visible unit Boltzmann machine semi-restricted Boltzmann machine restricted Boltzmann machine hidden unit Neural models of probabilistic sampling: introduction
More informationWhat Shapes an Ecosystem? Section 4-2 pgs 90-97
What Shapes an Ecosystem? Section 4-2 pgs 90-97 What Shapes an Ecosystem? If you ask an ecologist where a particular organism lives, that person might say the organism lives on a Caribbean coral reef,
More informationSimulation of Floral Specialization in Bees
Simulation of Floral Specialization in Bees Dan Ashlock Mathematics Department Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 511 danwell@iastate.edu Jessica Oftelie Mathematics Department Iowa State University Ames,
More information1. competitive exclusion => local elimination of one => competitive exclusion principle (Gause and Paramecia)
Chapter 54: Community Ecology A community is defined as an assemblage of species living close enough together for potential interaction. Each member of same community has a particular habitat and niche.
More informationMachine Learning for Data Science (CS4786) Lecture 24
Machine Learning for Data Science (CS4786) Lecture 24 HMM Particle Filter Course Webpage : http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs4786/2017fa/ Rejection Sampling Rejection Sampling Sample variables from joint
More informationSystems Biology: A Personal View IX. Landscapes. Sitabhra Sinha IMSc Chennai
Systems Biology: A Personal View IX. Landscapes Sitabhra Sinha IMSc Chennai Fitness Landscapes Sewall Wright pioneered the description of how genotype or phenotypic fitness are related in terms of a fitness
More informationAnomalous wave transport in one-dimensional systems with. Lévy disorder
Anomalous wave transport in one-dimensional systems with Lévy disorder Xujun Ma,2 and Azriel Z. Genack,2 Department of Physics, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 367 USA
More information4. Ecology and Population Biology
4. Ecology and Population Biology 4.1 Ecology and The Energy Cycle 4.2 Ecological Cycles 4.3 Population Growth and Models 4.4 Population Growth and Limiting Factors 4.5 Community Structure and Biogeography
More informationQuestion Answer Marks Guidance 1 (a) 1. 1 CREDIT herbivore / primary consumer,energy. trophic level 2 energy x 100 ; x 100 ; producer energy
1 (a) 1 1 CREDIT herbivore / primary consumer,energy trophic level 2 energy x 100 ; x 100 ; producer energy trophic level 1 energy Plus any 3 of the following: CREDIT sample figures. e.g. if producer energy
More informationUNIT 5: ECOLOGY Chapter 15: The Biosphere
CORNELL NOTES Directions: You must create a minimum of 5 questions in this column per page (average). Use these to study your notes and prepare for tests and quizzes. Notes will be stamped after each assigned
More informationDiffusion and cellular-level simulation. CS/CME/BioE/Biophys/BMI 279 Nov. 7 and 9, 2017 Ron Dror
Diffusion and cellular-level simulation CS/CME/BioE/Biophys/BMI 279 Nov. 7 and 9, 2017 Ron Dror 1 Outline How do molecules move around in a cell? Diffusion as a random walk (particle-based perspective)
More information