ators, ETSO), PJM ATC 1. 1 O rder 2000 [ 2 ], (A ssociation of European Transm ission System Oper2 ( Transm ission System Operator, TSO ),

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1 No. 12 Vol. RELAY Jun. 16, 2005,, (, ) :,,,,,,, : ; ; ; ; : TM714; F : A: (2005) , : ;,,,, PJM [ 1 ],,,,,,,, ( FERC) O rder 2000 [ 2 ], (RTO), 1999 (A ssociation of European Transm ission System Oper2 : ( GG ) ators, ETSO), [ 3 ],,,,,, 1,,,,, ATC, [ 4 22, 25 ] 1. 1,,, ( Transm ission System Operator, TSO ),

2 , 83 :,, ( ), [ 4 7 ],, [ 8 14 ], [ ],, : m in6 C i ( x i ) i s. t. h ( x) = 0 (1) g ( x) 0 : ; i ; C i ( x i ); h ( x) = 0 ; g ( x) 0; x i,, ( ) a b, l, x b ) = 0, ( 1) : m inc a ) = C b ) s. t. h a ) = 0 h b ) = 0 (2) g a ) 0 g b ) 0 l, x b ) = 0 (2) : m inc a ) + C b ) + l, x b ) (3) m inc a ) + C b ) + l, x b ) l, x b ) 2 (4) (3)(4),,,,, ( ),,,, TSO, 1. 2ATC (ATC), ( PTDF) ATC,,( First Come, First Serve) ( Pro Rata) [ ],, ( ) (,),, [ ],,,,,,,, ( )

3 ,,, TSO,,,,TSO [ ], TSO,,, TSO,, TSO TSO,,, TSO, TSO, TSO,,,, TSO, [ 21 ] [ ] TSO, TSO,, TSO,, 1. 4, TSO ( ),, 1 P A A P A, 1 Fig. 1 Exp licit auction,,,,,,,,,,, TSO,,,, ETSO [ 24 ], TSO,,,,, TSO,,,, 1. 5 : PX,

4 , 85,,,, [ 21 ] :,, ; ; PX 1. 6 PX ( System p rice),,, 2,,, 3,,,,,,,,,, ;,,,,, 2 A B Fig. 2 No power exchange between area A and B 3 A B Fig. 3 L im it power exchange between area A and B,,, [ 25 ],,,,PX 4, 600 MW, PX, 15 /MW h,, PX,, ( PTDF),,, ( ) 4 PX Fig. 4 Transmission bidding and PX transmission price curves 2,

5 86,,, : 1),,, 2), 3),, ; TSO 4) 5),,,, OPF, [ 24 ] 6),, PX ( ),,,, : 1),,,,,, ( ),,, 2),,,,,,, 3), [ 26 ],,,,, : [ 1 ]. [ EB /OL ]. jsp http: / /www. serc. gov. cn / index. China National Electric Power Supervison Comm ittee. Suggestions about Regional Power Market Construction [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. serc. gov. cn / index. jsp [ 2 ] FERC O rder 2000 [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. ferc. fed. us/ Electric /RTO. [ 3 ] ETSO Proposal for a Temporary Cross2border Tariff [ EB / OL ]. http: / /www. etso2net. org. [ 4 ] Conejo A J, Aguado J A. Multi2area Coordinated Decen2 tralized DC Op timal Power Flow[ J ]. er System s, 1998, 13 ( 4) : IEEE Trans on Pow2 [ 5 ] Kim B H, Baldick R. Coarse2grained D istributed Op timal Power Flow [ J ]. IEEE Trans on Power System s, 1997, 12 (2) : [ 6 ] Baldick R, Kim B H, Chase C, et al. A Fast D istributed Imp lementation of Op timal Power Flow [ J ]. on Power System s, 1999, 14 ( 3) : IEEE Trans [ 7 ] Kim B H, Baldick R. A Comparison of D istributed Op ti2

6 , 87 mal Power Flow A lgorithm s [ J ]. System s, 2000, 15 (2) : IEEE Trans on Power [ 8 ] Aguado J A, Quintana V H, Conejo A J. Op timal Power Flows of Interconnected Power System s[ A ]. of IEEE PES SummerMeeting Proceedings [ 9 ] Aguado J A, Quintana V H. Inter2utilities Power2exchange Coordination: a Market2oriented App roach[ J ]. on Power System s, 2001, 16 (3) : IEEE Trans [ 10 ] Nogales F J, Prieto F J, Conejo A J. M ulti2area AC Op ti2 mal Power Flow: a New Decomposition App roach [ A ]. Proceedings of Power System Computation Conference. Trondheim (Norway) : [ 11 ] Bakirtzis A G, B iskas P N. A Decentralized Solution to the DC2OPF of Interconnected Power System s[ J ]. Trans on Power System s, 2003, 18 ( 30) : IEEE [ 12 ] B iskas P N, Bakirtzis A G. Decentralised Congestion Man2 agement of Interconnected Power System s [ J ]. IEE Pro2 ceedings Gener, Transm, and D istrib, 2002, 149 (4) : [ 13 ] Aguado J A, Quintana V H, RosehartW D, et al. Coor2 dinated Congestion M anagement of Cross2border Electrici2 ty Markets[ A ]. Proceedings of Power System Computa2 tion Conference. Sebilla ( Spain) : [ 14 ] Aguado J A, Quintana V H, Madrigal M, et al. Coordi2 nated SpotM arket for Congestion Management of Inter2re2 gional Electricity M arkets[ J ]. tem s, 2004, 19 ( 1) : IEEE Trans on Power Sys2 [ 15 ] W ang X, Song Y H. App ly Lagrangian Relaxation to Multi2 zone Congestion Management [ A ]. Proceedings of IEEE PES SummerMeeting [ 16 ] W ang X, Song Y H, Lu Q. Lagrangian Decomposition Ap2 p roach to Active Power Congestion M anagement Across Interconnected Regions[ J ]. IEE Proceedings Gener, Transm and D istrib, 2001, 148 ( 5) : [ 17 ] Evaluation of Congestion M anagement Methods for Cross2 border Transm ission [ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. etso2net. org. [ 18 ] Congestion Management in the EU Electricity Transm ission Network[ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. europa. eu. int/ comm / en2 ergy [ 19 ] D iscussion Paper on Congestion Management[ EB /OL ]. http: / /www. europa. eu. int/ comm / energy. [ 20 ] Counter M easures for Congestion Management Definitions and Basic Concep ts[ EB /OL ]. int/ comm / energy. http: / /www. europa. eu. [ 21 ] de V ries L J. Capacity A llocation in a Restructured Elec2 tricity Market: Technical and Econom ic Evaluation of Congestion Management Methods on Interconnectors[ J ]. IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings, 2001, 1: 6. [ 22 ],,. [M ]. :, ZHANG L i2zi, ZHENG Hua, et al. Electricity Pricing Princip le in Regional Power M arkets[m ]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, [ 23 ],Mohammad S. [ J ]., 2004, 28 (2) : WANG J ian2hui, Mohammad S. Electricity Transaction TaggingM anagement in American Electricity Market[ J ]. Automation of Electric Power System s, 2004, 28 ( 2) : [ 24 ] Coordinated Auctioning[ EB /OL ]. org. http: / /www. etso2net. [ 25 ] Reconciliation of Market Sp litting with Coordinated Auc2 tion Concep ts: Technical Issues[ EB /OL ]. etso2net. org. http: / /www. [ 26 ],,,. [ J ]., 2001, 25 (17) : L IN J i2keng, W EN Fu2shuan, Q I Da2cai, et al. Studies on SeveralMarket Trading and System Operation Issues in the Three Gorges ElectricityM arket[ J ]. Automation of E2 lectric Power System s, 2001, 25 ( 17) : : ; : : ( ),,, ; biyuan_guo@ yahoo. com. cn ( ),,,, ; ( ),,,,, Rev iew of congestion managem en t m ethods in reg iona l power markets GUO B i2yuan, ZHOU M ing, L I Geng2yin ( School of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding , China) Abstract: W ith rap id growth of the power market reform, the borders opening, inter2regional trade develop ing, and competition p ro2 moting are required in order to increase market efficiencies and decrease electricity p rices. However, some unavoidable p roblem s are

7 88 also brought forward, such as inter2regional transm ission congestion. In the paper, the existing methods of managing inter2regional con2 gestion abroad are reviewed, their characteristics compared and some meaningful conclusions reached, which can be used to study in2 ter2regional transm ission services and make sound inter2regional transm ission p ricing. Some suggestions for the inter2regional congestion management in domestic are given in the end. Key words: inter2regional transm ission congestion; distributed op timal power flow; redispatch; auction; electricity market , ,,,, ;,,, : , , , , 266, 480: ; ; ; ;,W TO,,,,, 34,27, ( 10 ),, ,, 40,,, ;,,,

, kw, kw 3176%,, JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES Aug., , : F42612 : A : (2009)

, kw, kw 3176%,, JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES Aug., , : F42612 : A : (2009) 24 8 Vol124 No18 2009 8 JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES Aug., 2009 1, 2, 13 (11, 100101; 21, 100049) : 1997 2006 10,,,, 2006 GDP 527111 1 195120 5 745182, 3,,,,, 4 : : ; ; ; : F42612 : A: 1000-3037 (2009)