The authors thank Dr Julie Alexander of Camosun College, Canada for notifying us of many of the corrections listed here. π(0.045m)(1.0m) = 0.

Transcription

1 SOME MINOR CORRECTIONS TO Twidell & Weir, Renewable Energy Resources, third edition (as printed Jan 5) The authors thank Dr Julie Alexander of Camosun College, Canada for notifying us of many of the corrections listed here. Page As Printed Should be Remarks xvii (box line 6) mathematically may mathematically adept may omit Word missing omit xx 4.3(a) NREL image 7, photo from This credit was omitted from list Kramer Junction Company xxi 8.4(a) Jonathan Clark 8.4(b) Jonathan Clark Referred to wrong photo xxi 8.4(b) Martin Pettitt 8.4(c) Martin Pettitt Referred to wrong photo 4 (eqn (.8) 365 h 876 h/y 876h/y = 4h/d X 365d/y 44 (caption of Fig..7) See also Fig..5 See also Fig..8 xref is wrong 64 (5th last line of sec..9.) 5-year -year Refer IPCC (7) 98 line 6 Apg π(.45m)(.m) =.4m Delete the factor of ; Area = [i.e. Second equation] ( diameter ) ( length) 98 Line 8 =/ (.9 Wm - K - )(.4m ) = 7.7 K W - Follows from correction above 98 line A g = π (.5 m)(. m) =.5 m Printed was again factor of too big 98 [displayed eqns in middle of page] Follow from corrections above First line Second line Third line 98 [equations near bottom of page].x.8 m ].X.4 m ] = /[4.3WK - ] =.3 KW - ( )KW - =7.9 KW - Remain correct to within the accuracy of the assumptions made

2 line Two typical designs are shown in Fig. 4.(a), with in Fig. 4.(b). 9 point # near end of ' / derivation s s Rs L Two typical designs are shown in Fig. 4.. ' s s Rs / D S Omit second part of sentence. Fig. 4.a shows only one design. Compare eqn (4.) and text at top of p9 3 (line above dot points) Fig. 4.9 Fig. 4.3(b) 55 (para ) even more effective even more cost-effective Changes meaning 55, Fig.5.3(a) line from below electrical load should connect to lower part of cell in a similar manner to the top line 55, caption of Fig.5.3(b) Diagram shows many cells assembled into a module P99 (third last line) P54 (para, line 4) P6 (para 4, line ; + 3 lines from bottom) P6 (point #; + 4 times in last para; lines 5,, (twice)); P64 (four labels in Fig 5.9a); P (para d); P37 (label in Fig.8.a) P45 (above eqn (.5) ) P484 (4 lines from bottom) Diagram indicates many cells assembled into a module Cell dividers are very unclear on the figure. metre [metres] meter [meters] i.e. Several occurrences in the text and Figures. metre is a unit of length; meter is a device for measurement of something. P67 (heading of 5.4) (SI CELLS) (Si CELLS) l.c. i in symbol for chemical element P69 para constructive interference destructive interference As correctly in feature on p7 P7, box para 4, line4...cell voltage V B being......cell open-circuit voltage V B being... More exact term; note: italic V in symbol V B P para, line7 V B ~.66 V to.55 V V B ~.7 V to.6 V Best l b cells.695 V at 5; note: italic V in symbol V B P8 para line 6..(see 5.6.)...(see 5.6. and Fig. 5. ).

3 P89 para line 3 nanometers nanometres spelling P5 eqn (6.4) /( ) / / na j Qstream gha na Q gh Subscript a on H j / ( ) stream a P7 (i) With H a =8m, (6.7) from With H a =8m, from (6.9) P7 Worked Ex 6. (i) line P7 Worked Ex 6. (ii) line P8 label on Fig 6.7(b) Francis (impulse) Francis (reaction) P5 line 7 should not be treated as renewable energy such as; Wrong eqn ref Remove sub ; not needed Remove sub ; not needed should not itself be treated as renewable energy; Insert 'itself', Delete such as P5 (vertical axis of u / (ms ) u / (ms ) Gk cap phi (as in Table 7.) Fig.7.7) P69 para 3 line 6.. produces power....extracts power... P69 eqn (8.) 3 PT ( D / 4) PT CPAu Missing factors P78 label on Fig 8.4 Au... Au Insert with kinetic... with kinetic energy energy... ( Au ) u passing per unit time Insert passing per unit time P8 eqn (8.3) P8 line 6..in z and we apply... ( u u ) ( u u ) Plus sign..in z and, and since the atmospheric pressure p is the same far upstream and far downstream, we apply... P85 second last line In Fig. 8.9(a) : mainsails In Fig. 8.9(b) : mainsails P86 line In Fig. 8.9(b) In Fig. 8.9(a) symmetric symmetric P87 derivation 8.4, last A r. r A r. r line of second para P88 eqn (8.45) ( r m)( a') Clarification of explanation Fig ref to wrong part Fig ref to wrong part r not r ( r m)( a) Dot over letter m

4 P9 (label in Fig 8.) f Gk phi as in eqn (8.5) P9 para 4 (line ) 3 o 3 o Shd be Gk gamma P96 (Fig 8.6d) u=rω v=rω Compare last para of p95 P3 Fig 8.8 (rightmost label on horizontal axis) P3 Fig 8.8 (middle label on horizontal axis) u R u co Wrong subscript u R Label and tick mark should align with arrow indicating rated wind speed P35, line..and other.....and the total of other... Clarification of meaning P3, sect 8.8.4, line..power in the grid.....power into the grid... 'into' not 'in' P3, sect 8.8.4, para 3, line P387 (box.4) line - P44 Box para4, line3..electricity at fairly constant frequency seriously handicap..by the centrifugal..electricity matched to the grid frequency.....by the centripetal force... force... P44 Box Fig.3, caption line..and centrifugal force......and centripetal force acting... P46 eqn (.7) x h asin t g x h asin t g More precise meaning Delete these words here (compare line3) Closing bracket misplaced P47 eqn (.7) dm not plain m P4 in first eqn / / Brackets were omitted π.m π.m m.s 9.8m.s P43 line above eqn a max = a/ a rms = a/ Wrong subscript (.48) P436 (caption of Fig.9) line and from above. Delete these words. (no such diagram shown)

5 P443 Enferad, E. and Nazarpour, D. (3) [weblink] Enferad, E and Nazarpour, D (3). Ocean's Renewable Power and Review of Technologies: Case Study Waves, chapter, in New Developments in Renewable Energy, Prof. Hasan Arman (Ed.), ISBN: , InTech, DOI:.577/5386. Available from: Weblink and other details cited are incomplete P456, bottom line sea bed seabed One word P457, lines 6-8 of text This speed tidal-wave motion. P457 line 4 of Box. change in height change in level terminology Delete whole sentence. (it has a numerical error and otherwise essentially repeats bottom para of the page). P46 eqn.3) second line P466 (data for Worked Example.) P466 Para 'Capacity factor' line 3 P53 (4.6) ( 3 umax ) / 4 ( u ) / 4 approximately equals (not exact) 3 max r =. 3 x 3 kg/m3 =.3 x 3 kg/m 3 Gk rho and wrong superscripts..at maximum capacity over... CtG( z z) E C r..at maximum generating capacity over... E CrG( z z) C r Insert 'generating' C sub r in both parts, not sub t P54 (4.5) E exp( t / ) E exp( t / ) Negative sign after = P54 (line 4 of Worked Example 4.) C r = c r = Lower case c

6 P54 bottom line P55 (4.8) P55 (4.9) lhs (subscript) P55 (4.9)...is the useful heat extraction rate initially... t=o =...is the useful heat extraction rate per km initially... t=o / A = Insert per km Insert /A t=y t=y Answer still correct æ ö ø t= y = æ ö ø t= y / A = Insert /A P55 (4.) E E =... Delete /A A =... P56 (4.6) =...]h =...]ha Insert A...c w...c w P56 (4.8) C a = [(.5... C a / A = [(.5... Insert /A P56 (4.9) E = (.8... E / A = (.8... Insert /A P56 (4.3) upper P56 (4.3) lower t= t = V c T T ( w w ) / A = t= ( V / A) wcw( T T) A t Insert /A Insert (..) and /A (on both LHS and RHS) P543 line after (5.) V V ( p p ) V V ( p p) Reverse subscripts on p P556, line before (5.)... time constant half-loss time time constant usually refers to the /e decay time; t loss as defined higher on the page [para, line 6] is the half-life. Following eqns

7 are all consistent with this defn of t loss. P579 (caption of Fig. 6.4, first sentence) note the orientation the insolation. Omit these words as they effectively repeat the next sentence P649 line I R w and I R w I R w and I R w As correctly in (R.) P689 (just above (R3.3) E( A) / t E /[( A) t] Division sign in wrong place; P697 (R3.46) x ax e x e x P78 (Table R5. line ) k k italic P73 WORKING EXAMPLE WORKED EXAMPLE R5. R5. P76 index 3 rd column Capacity factor (by technology) 6, 4-5 Capacity factor (by technology) 6, 4-5, 75 P765 Energy conservation Equation (R3.3) is correct Remove sub a; not needed In index, Add ref to Table D4 (on p75) Energy conservation 595-6, Add ref to whole of ch 6 Tw733