Thermal conductivity of compacted MX80 bentonite Anh-Minh TANG, Yu-Jun CUI
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1 Thermal conductivity of compacted MX80 bentonite Anh-Minh TANG, Yu-Jun CUI 2 nd International Workshop of Young Doctors in Geomechanics Paris, November 23-25, 2005 École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées
2 Outline Introduction Material and experimental technique Experimental results Modelling Conclusion 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 2
3 Outline Introduction Material and experimental technique Experimental results Modelling Conclusion 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 3
4 High-level radioactives waste repository Bentonite Waste pack Waste pack Water immigration Heat of waste pack Confining stresses Bentonite (SKB) 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 4
5 Outline Introduction Material and experimental technique Experimental results Modelling Conclusion 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 5
6 Material:MX80 bentonite Compaction - Mineral composition Mineral Madsen (1998) Montes-H. (2002) Montmorillonite ±3.0 Phlogopite (Mica) <1 3.0±3.0 Pyrite Calcite ±0.6 Brown spar 1.1±0.4 Anatase 0.1 Plagioclases 9.2±3.0 Feldspar K ±2.0 Phosphate 0.6 Quartz ±2.8 Fe 2 O 3 0.5±0.4 C organic Total Identification parameters Parameter MX80 Montmorillonite (%) 82 w L (%) 520 w P (%) 46 Ip 474 ρ s (Mg/m 3 ) 2,65* Activity 5.4 * Helium pycnometer Soil specimen 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 6
7 Experimental technique Thermal probe Wire of thermocouple Theory Temperature (K) Steady state Linear m Thermal probe specifications : - Measurement speed : 2 minutes - Accuracy : 5% - Operating environment : 5 to 40 C - Range of measurement: K: W/mK D: mm 2.s -1. R: mk/w Thermocouple Heat wire Metallic probe t Non-linear 1 2 T = D + r 2 r T 1 q K = 4πm T r ln(t) 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 7
8 Experimental program Series Quantity Clay Water content (%) Preparing method 1 4 MX80a 17.4±0.1 As-sieved 2 2 MX80a 30.0±0.5 Wetted by spraying 3 4 MX80a 8.4±0.1 Vapour circulation 4 6 MX80b 9.0±0.1 Vapour circulation 5 2 MX80b 11.9±0.1 As-sieved 6 5 MX80b 11.7±0.1 Vapour circulation 7 4 MX80b 17.9±0.1 Vapour circulation 6bis 5 MX80b 9.1 Vapour circulation 7bis 5 MX80b 10.2 Vapour circulation 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 8
9 Outline Introduction Material and experimental technique Experimental results Modelling Conclusion 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 9
10 Effect of dry density and water content 1.1 w = 17.4% % Thermal conductivity (W/mK) w = 30.0% w = 11.7% % w = 8.4% - 9.0% Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4 Series 5 Series 6 Series Dry density (Mg/m 3 ) 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 10
11 Effect of mineralogy (1/2) 1.1 Thermal conductivity (W/mK) MX80a, w = 17.4% MX80b, w = 17.9% MX80a, w = 8.4% MX80b, w = 9.0% Series 1 Series 3 Series 4 Series Dry density (Mg/m 3 ) 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 11
12 Effect of mineralogy (2/2) 1.5 Thermal conductivity (W/mK) w = 14%, Kahr and Müller Vonmoos (1982) w = 17.4%, Present work w = 8.4%, Present work w = 7%, Kahr and Müller Vonmoos (1982) w=17.4%-series 1-Present work 0.5 w=8.4%-series 3-Present work w=14% (Kahr & Müller-Vonmoos 1982) w=7% (Kahr & Müller-Vonmoos 1982) Thermal conductivity of minerals: - K = 8.8 W/mK for quartz - K = 2.5 W/mK for other soil minerals Dry density (Mg/m 3 ) Mineralogy of MX80 bentonite: - 3% of quartz (Madsen 1998) - 15% of quartz (Montes-Hernandez 2002) 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 12
13 Thermal conductivity as a function of saturation degree Thermal conductivity (W/mK) Dry density = (Mg/m 3 ) Dry density = (Mg/m 3 ) Dry density = (Mg/m 3 ) Dry density = (Mg/m 3 ) (Mg/m 3 ) (Mg/m 3 ) (Mg/m 3 ) (Mg/m 3 ) Saturation degree (%) 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 13
14 Effects of volume fractions K (W/mK) Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4 Series 5 Series 6 Series 7 K (W/mK) Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4 Series 5 Series 6 Series Solid volume fraction, V s /V Air volume fraction, V a /V K (W/mK) Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4 Series 5 Series 6 Series 7 Thermal conductivity of components: - K = 2.5 W/mK for soil minerals - K = 0.6 W/mK for water - K = W/mK for air Water volume fraction, V w /V 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 14
15 Effect of microstructure 1.1 Thermal conductivity (W/mK) Series 4,w=9.0% Series 6,w=11.7% Series 7,w=17.9% Series 6 bis,w = 11.7%->9.1% Series 7bis, w=17.9%->10.2% Series 6: 11.7% Series 7: 17.9% Series 6bis: 9.1% Series 7bis: 10.2% Series 4: 9.0% Dry density (Mg/m 3 ) 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 15
16 Outline Introduction Material and experimental technique Experimental results Modelling Conclusion 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 16
17 Proposed method V = α V a K + K sat Thermal conductivity (W/mK) Series 4 y = -2.22x R 2 = Air volume fraction, V a /V Work Bentonite N 0 N total α K sat Present work MX Villar (2000) Cabo de Gata Ould-Lahoucine et al. (2002) Kunigel-V Kahr & Müller-Vonmoos (1982) MX N 0 : number of results used for calibration; N total : number of results measured 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 17
18 Evaluation of the proposed method (1/2) % Calculated K (W/mK) Present work Villar 2000 Ould-Lahoucine et al Kahr & Müller-Vonmoos Measured K (W/mK) -20% 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 18
19 Evaluation of the proposed method (2/2) R = R R calcul measure R = 1 N total N total i= 1 R i rms( R) = 1 N N total ( R i 1) i= 1 2 MX80 and Kunigel (method of Kiyohashi and Banno 1995) MX80 and Kunigel (method of Knutsson 1983) R rms(r) MX80 and Kunigel (method of Kahr and Muller-Vonmoos 1982) MX80 and Kunigel (method of Sakashita and Kumada 1998) MX80 in Kahr & Müller-Vonmoos (1982) (proposed method) Kunigel in Ould-Lahoucine et al. (2002) (proposed method) Cabo de Gata in Villar (2000) (proposed method) MX80 in present work (proposed method) /11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 19
20 Outline Introduction Material and experimental technique Experimental results Modelling Conclusion 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 20
21 Conclusion Experimental procedure Parameters influencing the thermal conductivity Dry density Water content Saturation degree Volumetric fractions of solid, water, air Mineralogy Microstructure Proposed method 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 21
22 Thank you for your attention! 30/11/2005 Anh-Minh TANG (ENPC) 22
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