A Test Experiment for a Polarized Positron Source - E-166 at SLAC
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1 A Test Experiment for a Polarized Positron Source - E-166 at SLAC Ralph Dollan Humboldt University, Berlin
2 Outline Why polarized beams at the ILC The goal of E-166 The helical undulator Positron production Photon transmission polarimetry The E-166 setup Data taking First results on photon and positron asymmetries 25/11/05 R. Dollan 2
3 Wy both beams polarized at the ILC? increased signal to background in studies of SM-Physics enhancement of the effective luminosity Precise analysis of many kinds of non-standard couplings (larger reach for non-sm physics searches) higher effective polarization improved accuracy in measuring the polarization 25/11/05 R. Dollan 3
4 Example Effective Polarization P eff = P e 1 P e P e P e + + Error scales with 1-P eff Effecitve polarization for various e - and e + polarizations: P e- = +/- 0.8 P e- = +/- 0.9 P e + 0 -/ / / /+ 0.6 P eff P eff /11/05 R. Dollan 4
5 Eff.. Polarization (e - Pol.. = 90%) 25/11/05 R. Dollan 5
6 Selectron production in e + e - 25/11/05 R. Dollan 6
7 E-166 Demonstration experiment to proof the possibility, to produce polarized positrons using a helical undulator Collaboration of >50 people from 3 continents In the final focus test beam (FFTB) at SLAC with ~50 GeV (unpolarized) electrons 1 m long helical undulator produces circular polarized photons Conversion of photons to positrons in thin W-target Measurement of polarization of photons and positrons by Photon transmission method ~50 GeV e - Undulator D1 1 m Energy spectrum e - Target e - Dump D2 e - D3 e - Dump γ e + Gamma polarimetry Positron polarimetry Si-W Cal. + Aerogel CsI-Cal. 25/11/05 R. Dollan 7
8 Undulator Principle S N S N S N S N N S N S N S N S γ s e - S N S N S N S N N S N S N S N S electrons traverse periodic magnetic structure photons are emitted 25/11/05 R. Dollan 8
9 Helical winding where I 1 and I 2 are in opposite directions. I 1 I 1 = - I 2 The helical Undulator I 2 Undulator photons I 1 z x e- beam y Helical winding: z component of the induced magnetic field cancels remaining magnetic field describes a helical profile 25/11/05 R. Dollan 9
10 Undulator Parameters r u wound left handed λ u Parameter Value Period λ u On axis field E γc Feeding current Heating/pulse 2.54mm 0.76 T 9.4 MeV 2.3 ka ~3 degc E ~ γ c E beam λ u r u Undulator aperture 0.88 mm 25/11/05 R. Dollan 10
11 Photon Energy and Polarization 1 st Harmonic 2 nd Harmonic 1 st Harmonic 2 nd Harmonic Undulator Photon energy spectrum Undulator Photon degree of polarization 25/11/05 R. Dollan 11
12 Undulator Windings 25/11/05 R. Dollan 12
13 The Positron Production Target e+ e- e- e+ e- 0.5 X0 W (Tungsten) -> E166 X0 W (Tungsten) = 3.5 mm e+ Polarized γ beam From the Helical Undulator e+ e- Polarization transfer in e+ e- pair creation Positron Polarization profile created by the undulator photons (creation point) e+ Energy distribution (in and out the 0.5 X0 W target) 25/11/05 R. Dollan 13
14 Production Efficiency Escape length d 10 e+ Absorbed: W e+ Absorbed: Ti N e +/N γ [%] 1 e+ produced: W e+ produced: Ti 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 1,1 Target Thickness [X0] Positron production efficiency (positron yield) N (e+) / N (gamma) e+, z distribution (in the W target) For different target thickness 25/11/05 R. Dollan 14
15 Expected Polarization Expected positron polarization vs. positron energy 25/11/05 R. Dollan 15
16 Transmission Polarimetry 25/11/05 R. Dollan 16
17 Transmission Polarimetry tot = σ phot + σ comp σ pair with σ comp = σ 0 + Pγ P e σ pol σ + 25/11/05 R. Dollan 17
18 Transmission Polarimetry tot = σ phot + σ comp σ pair with σ comp = σ 0 + Pγ P e σ pol σ + T ± ( L) = e nlσ = e nl( σ + σ + σ 0 ) phot pair e ± nlp P σ γ e pol Transmission 25/11/05 R. Dollan 18
19 Transmission Polarimetry tot = σ phot + σ comp σ pair with σ comp = σ 0 + Pγ P e σ pol σ + T ± ( L) = e nlσ = e nl( σ + σ + σ 0 ) phot pair e ± nlp P σ γ e pol Transmission δ ( L) T T + T + T = + nlp P e σ γ pol Asymmetry 25/11/05 R. Dollan 19
20 Transmission Polarimetry tot = σ phot + σ comp σ pair with σ comp = σ 0 + Pγ P e σ pol σ + T ± ( L) = e nlσ = e nl( σ + σ + σ 0 ) phot pair e ± nlp P σ γ e pol Transmission δ ( L) P γ = T T + T + T = + δ nlσ pol P e = nlp P e σ δ A P γ e γ pol Asymmetry Photon Polarisation 25/11/05 R. Dollan 20
21 Transmission Polarimetry e+ Analyzing magnet Sig(+) counter Magnetization of the analyzer magnets flipped γ B compare two states Reconversion target e+ Analyzing magnet Sig(-) E166 measures : γ B counter Asym = Sig( ) Sig( ) + Sig( + ) Sig( + ) 25/11/05 R. Dollan 21
22 Expected Asymmetries Positron Energy E e + (MeV) Positron Polarisation P e+ (%) Positron Asymmetry δ (%) Expected asymmetries power versus positron energy G3 simulation based on the experimental setup of the proposal Most challenging task for E166 was to measure asymmetries 1% in the CsI - Calorimeter 25/11/05 R. Dollan 22
23 E-166 in the FFTB running parameters: beam energy: 46.6 GeV rep. Rate: 10 Hz N e- /pulse: ~ /11/05 R. Dollan 23
24 TOP VIEW Gamma Analyzing magnet E166 setup in the FFTB e+ Analyzing magnet helical undulator Gamma Table Positron Table collimators photons diag SIDE VIEW Positrons diag photons collimation ~30 m Polarized photons production Gamma Table Positron Table Undulator e- beam Dump magnets 25/11/05 R. Dollan 24
25 E166 setup in the FFTB Undulator table Bending magnets Positron table Gamma table 25/11/05 R. Dollan 25
26 The Spectrometer Polarized Photons Undulator Conversion target Polarized Photons SiW Calorimeter Analyzing magnet Vacuum chamber e+ e+ e+ e+ ReConversion target e+ Analyzing magnet CsI R. Poeschl 25/11/05 R. Dollan 26
27 The Undulator Setup Pulse Generator Cooling system Undulator 25/11/05 R. Dollan 27
28 Setup Bending Magnets Solenoid Analyzing Magnet Helical Undulator 25/11/05 R. Dollan 28
29 Setup 25/11/05 R. Dollan 29
30 The CsI-Calorimeter Calorimeter 3x3 CsI crystals in a brass housing 25/11/05 R. Dollan 30
31 The CsI-Calorimeter Calorimeter Photo diodes every crystal is read out by 2 Si-PD s we are reading analog signals 25/11/05 R. Dollan 31
32 CsI - Calorimeter Readout + + CsI(Tl) Photodiode module Diode-A Diode-B Charge sensitive amp Preamp x1 X32 x1 X U-Mass /11/05 R. Dollan 32
33 Readout 2 FFTB Counting room + x1 connection x x32 connection x32 U-Mass 70 m Summing amplifier 25/11/05 R. Dollan 33
34 Calibration Procedure Good for the correlation HG 60Co source 228Th source cosmic muons ~ 1.2 MeV ~2.8 MeV ~38.8 MeV/Crystal Monte Carlo Good for the calibration LG Beams >~ 1 GeV 1 GeV DESY Hamburg SALC E166 6 GeV 7 GeV 25/11/05 R. Dollan 34
35 Data Taking Original plan: two running periods in October 2004 and January 2005 June 2005: first run of E-166 September 2005: second run 25/11/05 R. Dollan 35
36 Data Taking Original plan: two running periods in October 2004 and January 2005 June 2005: first run of E-166 September 2005: second run Data taking scheme: Beam energy 46.6 GeV 10 Hz beam Undulator at 10 Hz Every 2 nd pulse undulator off time -> undulator on -event followed by undulator off -event 25/11/05 R. Dollan 36
37 Collected Positron Data Spectrometer set for No. of beam pulses collected 5.6 MeV 2.0 * MeV 3.1 * MeV 1.2 * MeV 1.2 * MeV 1.2 * MeV 1.0 *10 6 Combined June- and September run 25/11/05 R. Dollan 37
38 Collected Positron- and Electron Data Spectrometer set for No. of beam pulses collected 5.6 MeV 2.0 * MeV 3.1 * MeV 1.2 * MeV 1.2 * MeV 1.2 * MeV 1.0 * MeV 6.9 *10 5 Combined June- and September run 25/11/05 R. Dollan 38
39 How we obtain the Asymmetries substract backgroundfrom signalevents Bg Bg + signal average over certain bg-range test statistical methods with toy-monte carlo calculate the asymmetry between the two magnetization states 25/11/05 R. Dollan 39
40 Photon Asymmetries preliminary Photon asymmetries from June data measured with 2 Detectors: Photon Calorimeter : 3.52 % ± 0.15 % Aerogel Counter : 3.50 % ± 0.40 % (stat. errors only) 25/11/05 R. Dollan 40
41 Photon Asymmetries preliminary Photon asymmetries from June data measured with 2 Detectors: Expected from G3 Sim. (46.6 GeV beam energy): Photon Calorimeter : 3.52 % ± 0.15 % 3.22 % Aerogel Counter : 3.50 % ± 0.40 % 3.54 % (stat. errors only) 25/11/05 R. Dollan 41
42 Positron Asymmetries preliminary (stat. errors only) Central crystal only 25/11/05 R. Dollan 42
43 Positron Asymmetries + Electron Asymmetry preliminary electrons (stat. errors only) Central crystal only 25/11/05 R. Dollan 43
44 Summary E-166 produced data with good quality The helical undulator was working We did a first analysis of the data and the asymmetries are in the expected range It still takes some time to come up with a number for the photon and positron polarization More simulation work has to be done The data analysis is ongoing 25/11/05 R. Dollan 44
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