Scaling of UV Dose Distributions. Implications for UV Validation

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Michael Shields
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Jeff Adams. Carollo Engineers, Inc.,. The CADMUS Group,. US EPA hwright@carollo.

1 IUVA Americas Conference, February -8, 8, Redondo Beach, CA Scaling of UV Dose Distributions Implications for UV Validation Harold Wright, Mark Heath, Traci Brooks, Linda Hills, and Jeff Adams. Carollo Engineers, Inc.,. The CADMUS Group,. US EPA Combined Variable Approach for UV Dose Monitoring c + d UVA + e UVA mmwdi.pptx/ S S a b log I = UVA Q DL

2 Combined Variable Implies that UV Dose Distributions Scale with Flow and Relative Lamp Output Number 9 % UVT UV Dose (mj/cm ) mmwdi.pptx/ = Dimensionless parameter Lets Look at Relative Lamp Output UV intensity at a point in space scales proportional to relative lamp output (Jacob and Dranoff, Bolton, etc) Dose delivered to a microbe ( x, y z) D i = I, dt Therefore, UV dose distribution scales with relative lamp output is an outcome of light physics mmwdi.pptx/

3 Scaling by S/S has Same Relative Impact on log Inactivation as DL = S/S=. S/S=. Fixed DL, Varying S/S Varying DL, Fixed S/S Number of Tracks > UV Dose Dose Distributions 8 UV Dose (mj/cm ) logi S/S/DL mmwdi.pptx/ Proofs in Protocol Document Showing Scaling by S/S Low S/S predicts high S/S and vice versa with validation datasets. S/So<.8 S/So>.8 9% PI. y =.7x R² =.97 Log i Measured... y =.99x R² = mmwdi.pptx/ Log i Predicted

Should We Expect UV Dose Distributions Scale with Flow Flow Regime After Cylinder Reynolds Number Unseparated Flow <. mgd Equivalent Flow in mgd Reactor (ºC) Foppl Vortices.. mgd Laminar vortex sheet.

4 Should We Expect UV Dose Distributions Scale with Flow Flow Regime After Cylinder Reynolds Number Unseparated Flow <. mgd Equivalent Flow in mgd Reactor (ºC) Foppl Vortices.. mgd Laminar vortex sheet..7 mgd Transition to turbulence -.7. mgd Fully turbulent vortex sheet Wake isnarrow and disorganized Re-establishmentof vortex sheet,. mgd,,,, mgd >,,,,9 mgd mmwdi.pptx/7 Vortex Shedding Scales with Flow f D St = U =.98 ( 9.7 ) Re St Strudel Number F Frequency of Vortex shedding D Cylinder diameter ( cm) U Upstream flow velocity RE Reynold s number Reynold's Number C Reynold's Number C mmwdi.pptx/8 Reynold's Number 8 7 Vortex Shedding Length C Vortex Shedding Length C Flowrate (mgd) 8" Reactor Vortex Shedding Length Scale (m)

5 Proofs for Scaling Using CFD-based UV Dose Models Reactor Equipped with MP Lamps Lamps horizontal and perpendicular to flow Validated range from to 8 mgd CFDparticle tracks developed for.,,,,, and 7 mgd UV dose calculated for: 7, 7, 8, 88, 9 and 98 % UVT Five combinations of operating lamps mmwdi.pptx/9 Ordered UV Dose vs. Ordered UV Dose Shows Linear Relation at and mgd UV Dose mgd (mj/cm).. R² =.998 mmwdi.pptx/... UV Dose mgd (mj/cm)

6 And at Other Flow Rates Ordered UV Dose (mj/cm) R² =.998 R² =.9799 R² =.99 R² =.99 R² =.99 7 mgd mgd mgd mgd mgd mmwdi.pptx/ Ordered UV Dose (mj/cm) at mgd CFD Proofs in the Protocol Document for Scaling Section A.. Particle tracks at one flow rate predicts full validation dataset MS TUV T7 Measured logi y =.999x R² =.98 mmwdi.pptx/ Predicted logi CFD Predicted logi

7 CFD Proofs in Protocol Document Particle tracks at one flow rate predicts full validation dataset over a fold range of flows and fold range of lamp output (see WRFprojects) Reactor Range of Flow Rates Range of S/S Reactor Configuration R-squared Measured vs. CFD-Predicted Log Inactivation R-squared Measured vs. Validation Predicted Log Inactivation 8 fold.7 fold fold.7 fold fold. fold mmwdi.pptx/ Proofs from Validation Showing Scaling by Flow Validation data can be analyzed to show low flows predict high flows and vice versa mmwdi.pptx/ Equation fit to TUVPredicted MS shows scaling works 7

8 Proofs in Protocol Document LPHOReactor validated using MS, TUV, T7and A. Basiliensis MS T T7 A. brasiliensis Predicted Logi y =.98x R² =.98 Measured Logi Combined variable equation fit to all data: R =.98 mmwdi.pptx/ Proofs in Protocol Document MS T T7 A. brasiliensis y =.99x R² =.9799 Measured Logi Combined variable equation fit to all data: R =.98 Fit to MS, TUVand T7: R =.9799 mmwdi.pptx/ Predicted Logi 8

9 Proofs in Protocol Document MS T T7 A. brasiliensis Predicted Logi y =.98x R² =.977 Measured Logi Combined variable equation fit to all data: R =.98 Fit to MS, TUVand T7: R =.9799 mmwdi.pptx/7 Fit to TUVonly: R =.977 Proofs in Protocol Document Validation conducted using MS, TUV, T7and B. Pumilus log i measured 7 y =.999x R² =.987 MS TUV T7 y =.97x R² =.9 B. pumilus 9th% PI 7 log i predicted log i measured 7 y =.997x R² =.98 MS TUV y =.9x R² =.9 T7 B. pumilus 9th% PI log i predicted mmwdi.pptx/8 Combined variable equation fitted to MS, TUV, and T7 predicts B. Pumilus 9

10 Summary USEPA Protocol document specifies UV dose algorithms that use a combined variable, S/S /Q/D L Combined variable approach assumes UV dose distributions scale with flow and relative lamp output Scaling support by optical physics, CFD-based UV dose analysis and validation mmwdi.pptx/9 USEPA Protocol document uses proofs to demonstrate scaling MSpredicts TUVand vice versa Low S/S predicts high S/S and vice versa IUVA Americas Conference, February -8, 8, Redondo Beach, CA Scaling of UV Dose Distributions - Implications for UV Validation Harold Wright, Mark Heath, Traci Brooks, Linda Hills, and Jeff Adams. Carollo Engineers, Inc.,. The CADMUS Group,. US EPA hwright@carollo.com

Development of UV Reactor Design Code using Potential Flow Theory and MSSS

IUVA America Conference 2018 Development of UV Reactor Design Code using Potential Flow Theory and MSSS Jeong-Gyu Bak, Hyosun Kim 28 Feb. 2018 Acknowledgements 2 Neotec UV Inc. Woochul Hwang, Chief engineer