Quantum Composi-on and Improvisa-on, A Posi-on Paper. MUME 2012 Dale E. Parson Kutztown University of PA October 9, 2012, Stanford University

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1 Quantum Composi-on and Improvisa-on, A Posi-on Paper MUME 2012 Dale E. Parson Kutztown University of PA October 9, 2012, Stanford University

2 World as system self- synthesized by quantum networking John A. Wheeler, IBM J. Res. & Devel. 32(1) January

3 Key Concepts for Quantum Music 3

4 Quantum InteracSon Quantum InteracSon (QI) is an emerging field which is applying quantum theory (QT) to domains such as economics, organizasons and social interacson, psychology, AI, human language, cognison, informason retrieval, games, biology, poliscal science. QI 2012 in Paris, 2011 in Aberdeen, 2010 in Washington DC, 2009 in Saarbruecken, 2008 in Oxford, 2007 in Stanford 4

5 Quantum Probability (from Busemeyer s notes) Quantum probability is a coherent theory that generalizes classic probability, introducing incompa5ble events into probability theory. Complex- valued superposison that projects into a lower dimensional, real- valued classical space. Classic probability (Kolmogorov, 1933) Events form a Boolean algebra. CommutaSve and DistribuSve axioms required. Law of total probability obeyed. Quantum probability (Von Neuman, 1932) Events form a ParSal Boolean Algebra. CommutaSve and DistribuSve axioms not necessary. Law of total probability violated. 5

6 QuesSon Order Effects (Tourangeau, Rips, & Rasinski, 2000) Do you generally think Bill Clinton is honest and trustworthy? (Gallup Poll 1997) 50% How about Al Gore? 60% Do you generally think Al Gore is honest and trustworthy? 68% How about Bill Clinton? 57% Could we model a higher- order classical system whose states are sets of probabilises? David Bohm and others theorized about a system with hidden variables underlying quantum theory. Parsimony suggests skipping it for present purposes. 6

7 The DisjuncSon Effect Quantum Models of Cogni5on & Decision, Busemeyer & Bruza, 2012 Tversky & Shafir presented students with a two- stage gamble. At each stage there is an equal probability of winning $200 or losing $100. Of those who were told that they won the first gamble, 69% chose to play again. Of those who were told that they lost the first gamble, 59% chose to play again. Of those who were not told whether they won the first gamble, only 36% chose to play again. Winners knew they had house money to gamble. Losers wanted to recoup losses. Others were uncertain. 7

8 A Coevolving System 8

9 Research with a 12 credit per semester teaching load I must create a system or be enslaved by another man s; I will not reason and compare: my business is to create. (Blake, Jerusalem) Start her up and see why she don t go! Wheeler quosng John Kris in InformaSon, Physics, Quantum: The Search for Links, contained in Feynman and Computa5on, Perseus, All things physical are informason- theoresc in origin and this is a par-cipatory universe. 9

10 Case study 1: MIDI guitar analysis 10

11 Chord detecson as superposison 46: F D5 (detected as D minor) 49: Bb4 F (detected as Bb minor) 51: F (detected as???) 53: F5 A (detected as F major) 54: F5 A5 D5 (detected as D minor) 55: Bb4 F5 A5 D5 (detected as Bb major 7 th ) 57: Bb4 F D5 (detected as Bb major) 62: A4 F D5 (detected as D minor) 11

12 Case study 2: Scrabble to MIDI 12

13 Language skills impose order on pseudo- random Sle selecson 13

14 HexAtom 14

15 Explicit probabilises, live coding 15

16 A Loose Sooware Architecture 16

17 From Quantum Theory to Music Chiara, GiunSni and Negri, 2008 Summary paper on quantum mechanisms and their potensal applicason to the arts. Brief secson proposing A Quantum- like HolisSc SemanScs for Musical Scores. Builds on their 2006 work on applying matrix arithmesc to score representason. 17

18 Conclusions & DirecSons Musical superposison and entanglement provide a fruipul perspecsve for composison and improvisason. Cyclic, mulsdimensional feedback among performers / instruments, observers / parscipants creates opportunises for mulsdimensional improv. Live coding of an extensible musical system encourages real- Sme extension of the system. More formal applicason of quantum probability coming in new musical / visual games. 18