DEFINITION OF A DERIVATIVE

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1 DEFINITION OF A DERIVATIVE Section 2.1 Calculus AP/Dual, Revised 2017 viet.dang@umbleisd.net 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 1

2 DEFINITION A. Te derivative of a function allows you to find te SLOPE OF THE TANGENT LINE at a point. 1. Te slope of a curve is DIFFERENT at every point wereas te slope of a line is te same. B. Different ways of writing te derivative, it is known as te derivative of y wit respects to x 1. f (x): 1 st Derivative of f 2. dy dx : Derivative of y wit respect to x 3. y : 1 st Derivative of y 4. d dx f x : 1st Derivative of f(x) wit respect to x 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 2

3 EQUATION Q x +, f x + P x, f x As Q approaces P, te secant line approaces to te tangent line f ' x lim f x f x 0 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 3

4 EQUATION f ' x lim f x f x 0 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 4

5 STEPS A. Purpose of a Tangent Line 1. Te line sares a point wit te curve in question. 2. At te sared point, te derivative of te curve is equal to te slope of te line. B. Finding te Derivative by te Limit Process 1. Apply te Difference Quotient te equation 2. Add te limit to eac step as te goal is to determine te limit wen 0; te difference is. It approaces at zero because te slope of te grap of f at x = c. 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 5

6 REVIEW 1) Solve for f 3 of f x = x 2 3 f 3 6 2) Solve for f of f x = x f 3 3) Solve for f x + x of f x = x f x x x 2xx x 3 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 6

7 EXAMPLE 1 Use te limit process to find te derivative of f x = 2x 3 f x f x f x lim 0 ' 2 x 3 2x 3 lim lim 0 x x lim 0 f ' x 2 Wat is te slope of tis function? 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 7

8 EXAMPLE 1 Use te limit process to find te derivative of f x = 2x 3 y x 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 8

9 EXAMPLE 2 Use te limit process to find te derivative of f x = 2x 2 16x + 35 f ' x 4x : Definition of a Derivative 9

10 YOUR TURN Use te limit process to find te derivative of f x = x 2 3 f ' x 2x 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 10

11 EXAMPLE 3 Use te limit process to find te derivative of f x = 5x 8 lim f x f x x x lim x x lim 0 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 11

12 EXAMPLE 3 Use te limit process to find te derivative of f x = 5x x x lim x 5 8 5x 8 x x x x lim lim 5x 5 8 5x x x 8 x x lim 0 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 12

13 EXAMPLE 3 Use te limit process to find te derivative of f x = 5x 8 lim x x lim 0 x x x8 5x8 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 13

14 EXAMPLE 3 Use te limit process to find te derivative of f x = 5x 8 5 5x8 5x x x 8 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 14

15 YOUR TURN Use te limit process to find te derivative of f x = x x 1 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 15

16 USING THE LIMIT PROCESS TO FIND TANGENT LINE A. Use te limit process to find te derivative B. Plug in x of te derivative to determine te slope C. Plug into Point-Slope form, y y 1 = m(x x 1 ) wit te given x and y coordinates, and slope D. AP Hint: For free-response AP Questions, do not need to simplify point-slope form 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 16

17 EXAMPLE 4 Find te slope of te grap of f x = x 2 8x + 9 at te point 3, 6 using te limit process. Ten, find te equation of te tangent line. f ' x f x f x lim x x x x lim x x x x x lim : Definition of a Derivative 17

18 EXAMPLE 4 Find te slope of te grap of f x = x 2 8x + 9 at te point 3, 6 using te limit process. Ten, find te equation of te tangent line x 2x 8x 8 9 x 8x 9 lim 0 2 2x 8 lim 0 lim x : Definition of a Derivative 18

19 EXAMPLE 4 Find te slope of te grap of f x = x 2 8x + 9 at te point 3, 6 using te limit process. Ten, find te equation of te tangent line. 2x 8 lim 0 lim 2 x 8 0 lim x 8 y x 2.1: Definition of a Derivative

20 EXAMPLE 5 Find te slope of te grap of f x = 3 at te point (3, 1) using te x limit process. Ten, find te equation of te tangent line. lim f x f x lim x x x x x x lim 0 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 20

21 EXAMPLE 5 Find te slope of te grap of f x = 3 at te point (3, 1) using te x limit process. Ten, find te equation of te tangent line. lim x x 3 lim 0 x x f ' x 3 x 2 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 21

22 EXAMPLE 5 Find te slope of te grap of f x = 3 at te point (3, 1) using te x limit process. Ten, find te equation of te tangent line. f f f ' x 2 '3 ' y y m x x x 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 22

23 EXAMPLE 5 Find te slope of te grap of f x = 3 at te point (3, 1) using te x limit process. Ten, find te equation of te tangent line. y y m x x y y 1 x x1 3 1 y 1 x 3 3 y 1 1 x : Definition of a Derivative 23

24 EXAMPLE 5 Find te slope of te grap of f x = 3 at te point (3, 1) using te x limit process. Ten, find te equation of te tangent line. 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 24

25 YOUR TURN Find te slope of te grap of f x = x 2 + 2x + 1 at te point ( 3, 4) using te limit process. Ten, find te equation of te tangent line. y 4 4 x 3 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 25

26 EXAMPLE 6 Given te function y = 1 ancored at te point 2, 1, find te slope x 2 of te secant line drawn troug te point wit x-coordinate 2 +. Use te expression to find te slope of te tangent to te grap of y = 1 x at te point 2, Questions: Wat is a secant line? Wat is a tangent line? 2 points tat make a line 1 point tat make a line 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 26

27 EXAMPLE 6 Given te function y = 1 ancored at te point 2, 1, find te slope x 2 of te secant line drawn troug te point wit x-coordinate 2 +. Use te expression to find te slope of te tangent to te grap of y = 1 x at te point 2, 1 2. lim f x f x 0 f 2 f 2 lim lim : Definition of a Derivative 27

28 EXAMPLE 6 Given te function y = 1 ancored at te point 2, 1, find te slope x 2 of te secant line drawn troug te point wit x-coordinate 2 +. Use te expression to find te slope of te tangent to te grap of y = 1 x at te point 2, lim lim 0 lim Slope of Tangent Line: 2.1: Definition of a Derivative

29 AP MULTIPLE CHOICE PRACTICE QUESTION 1 (NON-CALCULATOR) If f 2 = 3 and f 2 = 1, find an equation of te tangent line wen x = 2 (A) y + 1 = 2(x 2) (B) y 3 = 2(x + 1) (C) y 2 = 3(x + 1) (D) y 3 = 1(x 2) 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 29

30 AP MULTIPLE CHOICE PRACTICE QUESTION 1 (NON-CALCULATOR) If f 2 = 3 and f 2 = 1, find an equation of te tangent line wen x = 2 Vocabulary Connections and Process Answer and Justifications Definition of a Derivative Function Notation lim 0 f x f x y y m x x 1 1 m f ' x 1 ' 1 3 ' x 2 y y f x x y f x y f ' x D At 2,3, te slope at te point is -1. Terefore, te equation of te tangent line is y 3 1 x 2 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 30

31 ASSIGNMENT Page odd, 17, odd 2.1: Definition of a Derivative 31

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