June 16, Signal generation and gradient fields in MRI. Maximilian Oehm. Summary of physical fundamentals. Motivation. Complex representation
|
|
- Buck Lee
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 in MRI of Signal in MRI June 16, 2015
2 in MRI Contents of 1 of
3 in MRI of of Magnetic field B e z (few T) Splits up energy levels N+ N N ++N 1ppm M = m V B No measurement in z-direction possible Precession around B ω L = γb z Images from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
4 in MRI of of RF-Pulse (MHz, 100m) with ω = ω L flips magnetization π/2-pulse rotation by π/2 xy-plane π-pulse rotation by π negative z-direction Rotating M T signal in antenna Image from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
5 in MRI of of Nuclei interact with environment (quantum theory) Spin-lattice interaction longitudinal relaxation (T 1 s) Spin-spin interaction transverse relaxation (T 2 10ms) T 1 T 2 interesting material property Environment B inhomogeneous different ω L dephasing
6 in MRI of of Dephasing faster decay (T 2 1ms) (FID) 1 T 2 = 1 T T 2 Want to measure T 2 spin-echo-technique Image from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
7 in MRI of of Images from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
8 Signal in MRI of &content[]=hcim
9 in MRI of
10 in MRI Magnetization as a complex number of Measure M T as imaginary number M T = M x +M y i Rotation phase exponential function M T = M T exp[ (ω 0t +φ)i] Mathematics easier at one instant of time M T phase
11 in MRI Quadrature detector of U R/I = U 1 sin/cos(ω 00 t) U 2 sin((ω 00 + ω)t +φ)) 1 = U 1 U 2 2 [cos/sin( ωt +φ) cos/sin((2ω 00 + ω)t +φ)] S(t) = U R +U I i = 1 2 U 1U 2 exp(( ωt +φ)i) Image from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
12 in MRI Gradient of Add small B(x) = G x x e z ω(x) = γ(b 0 +xg x ) ω D (x) = γxg x Image from S. Webb: Webb s physics of medical
13 in MRI Simple technique of B y y Gz z No relaxation considered x
14 in MRI of Selective excitation Apply G z during π/2 pulse Idea: Excite slice, push rest out of resonance QT: T 2 decay for M T T 2 A(ω) = 1+(ω ω L ) 2 T2 2 Finite pulse additional frequencies ω D Solve Bloch equations for M y = M y0 : M T (t) = i γ M y0exp[iω D t] B T (ω D )
15 in MRI Selective excitation of Images from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
16 in MRI of Images from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
17 in MRI Phase encoding of G y G x y z S(t) = M T (k x,k y ) = M T (x,y)exp(ω(x)t)exp(φ(y))dydx M T (x,y)exp( ik x x)exp( ik y y)dydx x
18 in MRI of After π/2 pulse before measurement Apply G y for time T y Phase difference φ = γ G y y T y S(t) = k y = γg y T y Phase encoding M T0 (x,y) exp( iγg yt y y)dydx Control k y with G y T y. To resolve y: 1 y = γ π G y,maxt y
19 in MRI Frequency encoding of After phase encoding Apply G x while measuring S(t) M T (x,y) ω D = γg x x S(t) = M T0 (x,y) exp( iγg xxt)exp( ik y y)dydx k x = γg x t Measure multiple k x Bwidth of antenna for image size L x : bwidth = γg x L x
20 in MRI Cartesian 2D sequence k y of k x 90 G z G y G x measurement
21 in MRI Cartesian 2D sequence k y of k x 90 G z G y G x measurement
22 in MRI Example for a measurement of Image from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
23 in MRI Surfing through k-space k y of G x T x G y T y k x 90 measurement G z G y G x
24 in MRI of Till now did not consider relaxation Disadvantages: Signal decays Decay damping Signal reduce error, measure k-space Advantages: Additional quantities differentiate tissues
25 in MRI of T 2 of M T = M T0 (x,y) exp( T E /T 2 (x,y)) Image from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
26 in MRI of T 1 of M T = M T0 (x,y) (1 exp( T R /T 1 (x,y)) Image from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
27 in MRI of Proton density T 1 -weighted T 2 -weighted T R long T R short T R long T E short T E short T E long Different parameters different contrast of different tissues Strong proton-density-, T 1 - T 2 -weight all possible images Image from S. Webb: Webb s physics of medical
28 in MRI Turbo-spin-echo sequence of Image from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
29 in MRI EPI sequence of Image from O. Dössel: Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin
30 in MRI of Measure complex signal Imaging through sequence of gradient Selected excitation: push unwanted part out of resonance Phase frequency encoding: generate natural FT Inverse FT of signal image Can measure proton-density-, T 1 T 2 weighted images Fast MRI: Turbo-spin-echo EPI sequence
31 in MRI of Thank You For Your Attention!
32 in MRI Literature of DÖSSEL, O., Bildgebende Verfahren in der Medizin. Von der Technik zur medizinischen Anwendung, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2000 WEBB, S., Webb s physics of medical, 2nd edition, Boca Raton, London, New York: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2012 MORNEBURG, H., Bildgebende Systeme für die medizinische Diagnostik, 3rd edition, München: Publicis MCD, 1995
Introduction to Biomedical Imaging
Alejandro Frangi, PhD Computational Imaging Lab Department of Information & Communication Technology Pompeu Fabra University www.cilab.upf.edu MRI advantages Superior soft-tissue contrast Depends on among
More informationChemistry 431. Lecture 23
Chemistry 431 Lecture 23 Introduction The Larmor Frequency The Bloch Equations Measuring T 1 : Inversion Recovery Measuring T 2 : the Spin Echo NC State University NMR spectroscopy The Nuclear Magnetic
More informationIntroduction to MRI. Spin & Magnetic Moments. Relaxation (T1, T2) Spin Echoes. 2DFT Imaging. K-space & Spatial Resolution.
Introduction to MRI Spin & Magnetic Moments Relaxation (T1, T2) Spin Echoes 2DFT Imaging Selective excitation, phase & frequency encoding K-space & Spatial Resolution Contrast (T1, T2) Acknowledgement:
More informationBiomedical Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Biomedical Imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging Charles A. DiMarzio & Eric Kercher EECE 4649 Northeastern University May 2018 Background and History Measurement of Nuclear Spins Widely used in physics/chemistry
More informationMagnetic Resonance Imaging. Pål Erik Goa Associate Professor in Medical Imaging Dept. of Physics
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pål Erik Goa Associate Professor in Medical Imaging Dept. of Physics pal.e.goa@ntnu.no 1 Why MRI? X-ray/CT: Great for bone structures and high spatial resolution Not so great
More informationThe NMR Inverse Imaging Problem
The NMR Inverse Imaging Problem Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Protons and Neutrons have intrinsic angular momentum Atoms with an odd number of proton and/or odd number of neutrons have a net magnetic moment=>
More informationPhysical fundamentals of magnetic resonance imaging
Physical fundamentals of magnetic resonance imaging Stepan Sereda University of Bonn 1 / 26 Why? Figure 1 : Full body MRI scan (Source: [4]) 2 / 26 Overview Spin angular momentum Rotating frame and interaction
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Jeffrey A. Fessler EECS Department The University of Michigan NSS-MIC: Fundamentals of Medical Imaging Oct. 20, 2003 NMR-0 Background Basic physics 4 magnetic fields
More informationSpectral Broadening Mechanisms
Spectral Broadening Mechanisms Lorentzian broadening (Homogeneous) Gaussian broadening (Inhomogeneous, Inertial) Doppler broadening (special case for gas phase) The Fourier Transform NC State University
More informationSpectral Broadening Mechanisms. Broadening mechanisms. Lineshape functions. Spectral lifetime broadening
Spectral Broadening echanisms Lorentzian broadening (Homogeneous) Gaussian broadening (Inhomogeneous, Inertial) Doppler broadening (special case for gas phase) The Fourier Transform NC State University
More informationPrinciples of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Hi Klaus Scheffler, PhD Radiological Physics University of 1 Biomedical Magnetic Resonance: 1 Introduction Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contents: Hi 1 Introduction
More informationBME I5000: Biomedical Imaging
BME I5000: Biomedical Imaging Lecture 9 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (imaging) Lucas C. Parra, parra@ccny.cuny.edu Blackboard: http://cityonline.ccny.cuny.edu/ 1 Schedule 1. Introduction, Spatial Resolution,
More informationFREQUENCY SELECTIVE EXCITATION
PULSE SEQUENCES FREQUENCY SELECTIVE EXCITATION RF Grad 0 Sir Peter Mansfield A 1D IMAGE Field Strength / Frequency Position FOURIER PROJECTIONS MR Image Raw Data FFT of Raw Data BACK PROJECTION Image Domain
More informationIntroduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Pietro Gori
Introduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Pietro Gori Enseignant-chercheur Equipe IMAGES - Télécom ParisTech pietro.gori@telecom-paristech.fr September 20, 2017 P. Gori BIOMED 20/09/2017 1 / 76
More informationPhysics of MR Image Acquisition
Physics of MR Image Acquisition HST-583, Fall 2002 Review: -MRI: Overview - MRI: Spatial Encoding MRI Contrast: Basic sequences - Gradient Echo - Spin Echo - Inversion Recovery : Functional Magnetic Resonance
More informationMRI Physics I: Spins, Excitation, Relaxation
MRI Physics I: Spins, Excitation, Relaxation Douglas C. Noll Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Michigan Functional MRI Laboratory Outline Introduction to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging
More informationExam 8N080 - Introduction to MRI
Exam 8N080 - Introduction to MRI Friday April 10 2015, 18.00-21.00 h For this exam you may use an ordinary calculator (not a graphical one). In total there are 5 assignments and a total of 50 points can
More informationContrast Mechanisms in MRI. Michael Jay Schillaci
Contrast Mechanisms in MRI Michael Jay Schillaci Overview Image Acquisition Basic Pulse Sequences Unwrapping K-Space Image Optimization Contrast Mechanisms Static and Motion Contrasts T1 & T2 Weighting,
More informationTopics. The concept of spin Precession of magnetic spin Relaxation Bloch Equation. Bioengineering 280A Principles of Biomedical Imaging
Bioengineering 280A Principles of Biomedical Imaging Fall Quarter 2006 MRI Lecture 1 Topics The concept of spin Precession of magnetic spin Relaxation Bloch Equation 1 Spin Intrinsic angular momentum of
More informationMR Fundamentals. 26 October Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
MR Fundamentals 26 October 2010 Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Nuclear Spin Nuclear Spin Nuclear magnetic resonance is observed in atoms with odd number of protons
More informationFundamental MRI Principles Module 2 N. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. X-ray. MRI Hydrogen Protons. Page 1. Electrons
Fundamental MRI Principles Module 2 N S 1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance There are three main subatomic particles: protons positively charged neutrons no significant charge electrons negatively charged Protons
More informationLinear and nonlinear spectroscopy
Linear and nonlinear spectroscopy We ve seen that we can determine molecular frequencies and dephasing rates (for electronic, vibrational, or spin degrees of freedom) from frequency-domain or timedomain
More informationNMR course at the FMP: NMR of organic compounds and small biomolecules - II -
NMR course at the FMP: NMR of organic compounds and small biomolecules - II - 16.03.2009 The program 2/76 CW vs. FT NMR What is a pulse? Vectormodel Water-flip-back 3/76 CW vs. FT CW vs. FT 4/76 Two methods
More informationK-space. Spin-Warp Pulse Sequence. At each point in time, the received signal is the Fourier transform of the object s(t) = M( k x
Bioengineering 280A Principles of Biomedical Imaging Fall Quarter 2015 MRI Lecture 4 k (t) = γ 2π k y (t) = γ 2π K-space At each point in time, the received signal is the Fourier transform of the object
More informationSketch of the MRI Device
Outline for Today 1. 2. 3. Introduction to MRI Quantum NMR and MRI in 0D Magnetization, m(x,t), in a Voxel Proton T1 Spin Relaxation in a Voxel Proton Density MRI in 1D MRI Case Study, and Caveat Sketch
More informationNuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging Simon Lacoste-Julien Electromagnetic Theory Project 198-562B Department of Physics McGill University April 21 2003 Abstract This paper gives an elementary introduction
More informationNMR and MRI : an introduction
Intensive Programme 2011 Design, Synthesis and Validation of Imaging Probes NMR and MRI : an introduction Walter Dastrù Università di Torino walter.dastru@unito.it \ Introduction Magnetic Resonance Imaging
More informationPart II: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Part II: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contents Magnetic Field Gradients Selective Excitation Spatially Resolved Reception k-space Gradient Echo Sequence Spin Echo Sequence Magnetic Resonance Imaging
More informationCHEM / BCMB 4190/6190/8189. Introductory NMR. Lecture 10
CHEM / BCMB 490/690/889 Introductory NMR Lecture 0 - - CHEM 490/690 Spin-Echo The spin-echo pulse sequence: 90 - τ - 80 - τ(echo) Spins echoes are widely used as part of larger pulse sequence to refocus
More informationChem 325 NMR Intro. The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Physical properties, chemical properties, formulas Shedding real light on molecular structure:
Physical properties, chemical properties, formulas Shedding real light on molecular structure: Wavelength Frequency ν Wavelength λ Frequency ν Velocity c = 2.998 10 8 m s -1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum
More informationMeasuring Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time
WJP, PHY381 (2009) Wabash Journal of Physics v4.0, p.1 Measuring Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time L.W. Lupinski, R. Paudel, and M.J. Madsen Department of Physics, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 (Dated:
More informationThe Basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
The Basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nathalie JUST, PhD nathalie.just@epfl.ch CIBM-AIT, EPFL Course 2013-2014-Chemistry 1 Course 2013-2014-Chemistry 2 MRI: Many different contrasts Proton density T1
More information10.4 Continuous Wave NMR Instrumentation
10.4 Continuous Wave NMR Instrumentation coherent detection bulk magnetization the rotating frame, and effective magnetic field generating a rotating frame, and precession in the laboratory frame spin-lattice
More informationApodization. Gibbs Artifact. Bioengineering 280A Principles of Biomedical Imaging. Fall Quarter 2013 MRI Lecture 5. rect(k x )
Bioengineering 280A Principles of Biomedical Imaging Fall Quarter 2013 MRI Lecture 5 GE Medical Systems 2003 Gibbs Artifact Apodization rect(k ) Hanning Window h(k )=1/2(1+cos(2πk ) 256256 image 256128
More informationMRI Physics II: Gradients, Imaging. Douglas C. Noll, Ph.D. Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
MRI Physics II: Gradients, Imaging Douglas C., Ph.D. Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Magnetic Fields in MRI B 0 The main magnetic field. Always on (0.5-7 T) Magnetizes
More informationPart III: Sequences and Contrast
Part III: Sequences and Contrast Contents T1 and T2/T2* Relaxation Contrast of Imaging Sequences T1 weighting T2/T2* weighting Contrast Agents Saturation Inversion Recovery JUST WATER? (i.e., proton density
More informationLecture 21. Nuclear magnetic resonance
Lecture 21 Nuclear magnetic resonance A very brief history Stern and Gerlach atomic beam experiments Isidor Rabi molecular beam exp.; nuclear magnetic moments (angular momentum) Felix Bloch & Edward Purcell
More informationRelaxation. Ravinder Reddy
Relaxation Ravinder Reddy Relaxation What is nuclear spin relaxation? What causes it? Effect on spectral line width Field dependence Mechanisms Thermal equilibrium ~10-6 spins leads to NMR signal! T1 Spin-lattice
More informationPrinciples of Magnetic Resonance
С. Р. Slichter Principles of Magnetic Resonance Third Enlarged and Updated Edition With 185 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Contents 1. Elements of Resonance
More informationChapter 14:Physics of Magnetic Resonance
Chapter 14:Physics of Magnetic Resonance Slide set of 141 slides based on the chapter authored by Hee Kwon Song of the publication (ISBN 978-92-0-131010-1): Diagnostic Radiology Physics: A Handbook for
More informationPrinciples of MRI. Vinyl Record. Last time: Today: Homework Due tonight! EE225E / BIO265. Transforms a temporal signal to a spatial signal
What is this? ` Principles of MRI Lecture 05 EE225E / BIO265 Instructor: Miki Lustig UC Berkeley, EECS The first NMR spectrum of ethanol 1951. 1 2 Today Last time: Linear systems, Fourier Transforms, Sampling
More informationEE225E/BIOE265 Spring 2016 Principles of MRI. Assignment 4. Due Friday Feb 19st, 2016, Self Grading Due Monday Feb 22nd, 2016
EE225E/BIOE265 Spring 2016 Principles of MRI Miki Lustig Assignment 4 Due Friday Feb 19st, 2016, Self Grading Due Monday Feb 22nd, 2016 1. Finish reading Nishimura Ch.4 and Ch. 5. 2. The following pulse
More informationNMR Imaging in porous media
NMR Imaging in porous media What does NMR give us. Chemical structure. Molecular structure. Interactions between atoms and molecules. Incoherent dynamics (fluctuation, rotation, diffusion). Coherent flow
More informationM R I Physics Course. Jerry Allison Ph.D., Chris Wright B.S., Tom Lavin B.S., Nathan Yanasak Ph.D. Department of Radiology Medical College of Georgia
M R I Physics Course Jerry Allison Ph.D., Chris Wright B.S., Tom Lavin B.S., Nathan Yanasak Ph.D. Department of Radiology Medical College of Georgia M R I Physics Course Spin Echo Imaging Hahn Spin Echo
More informationTissue Characteristics Module Three
Tissue Characteristics Module Three 1 Equilibrium State Equilibrium State At equilibrium, the hydrogen vector is oriented in a direction parallel to the main magnetic field. Hydrogen atoms within the vector
More informationRochester Institute of Technology Rochester, New York. COLLEGE of Science Department of Chemistry. NEW (or REVISED) COURSE:
Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, New York COLLEGE of Science Department of Chemistry NEW (or REVISED) COURSE: 1014-730 1.0 Title: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Date: July 2006 Credit Hours:
More informationClassical behavior of magnetic dipole vector. P. J. Grandinetti
Classical behavior of magnetic dipole vector Z μ Y X Z μ Y X Quantum behavior of magnetic dipole vector Random sample of spin 1/2 nuclei measure μ z μ z = + γ h/2 group μ z = γ h/2 group Quantum behavior
More informationClassical Description of NMR Parameters: The Bloch Equations
Classical Description of NMR Parameters: The Bloch Equations Pascale Legault Département de Biochimie Université de Montréal 1 Outline 1) Classical Behavior of Magnetic Nuclei: The Bloch Equation 2) Precession
More informationMRI in Review: Simple Steps to Cutting Edge Part I
MRI in Review: Simple Steps to Cutting Edge Part I DWI is now 2 years old... Mike Moseley Radiology Stanford DWI, b = 1413 T2wt, 28/16 ASN 21 San Francisco + Disclosures: Funding NINDS, NCRR, NCI 45 minutes
More informationBioengineering 278" Magnetic Resonance Imaging" Winter 2010" Lecture 1! Topics:! Review of NMR basics! Hardware Overview! Quadrature Detection!
Bioengineering 278" Magnetic Resonance Imaging" Winter 2010" Lecture 1 Topics: Review of NMR basics Hardware Overview Quadrature Detection Boltzmann Distribution B 0 " = µ z $ 0 % " = #h$ 0 % " = µ z $
More informationRelaxation times in nuclear magnetic resonance
Relaxation times in TEP Related topics Nuclear spins, atomic nuclei with a magnetic moment, precession movement of the nuclear spins, Landau-Lifshitz equation, Bloch equation, magnetisation, resonance
More informationClassical Description of NMR Parameters: The Bloch Equations
Classical Description of NMR Parameters: The Bloch Equations Pascale Legault Département de Biochimie Université de Montréal 1 Outline 1) Classical Behavior of Magnetic Nuclei: The Bloch Equation 2) Precession
More informationEL-GY 6813/BE-GY 6203 Medical Imaging, Fall 2016 Final Exam
EL-GY 6813/BE-GY 6203 Medical Imaging, Fall 2016 Final Exam (closed book, 1 sheets of notes double sided allowed, no calculator or other electronic devices allowed) 1. Ultrasound Physics (15 pt) A) (9
More informationBiophysical Chemistry: NMR Spectroscopy
Relaxation & Multidimensional Spectrocopy Vrije Universiteit Brussel 9th December 2011 Outline 1 Relaxation 2 Principles 3 Outline 1 Relaxation 2 Principles 3 Establishment of Thermal Equilibrium As previously
More informationNMR Spectroscopy: A Quantum Phenomena
NMR Spectroscopy: A Quantum Phenomena Pascale Legault Département de Biochimie Université de Montréal Outline 1) Energy Diagrams and Vector Diagrams 2) Simple 1D Spectra 3) Beyond Simple 1D Spectra 4)
More informationNMR/MRI examination (8N080 / 3F240)
NMR/MRI examination (8N080 / 3F240) Remarks: 1. This test consists of 3 problems with at total of 26 sub-questions. 2. Questions are in English. You are allowed to answer them in English or Dutch. 3. Please
More informationPulse Sequences: EPG and Simulations
Pulse Sequences: EPG and Simulations PBM229 Advanced Topics in MRI Holden H. Wu, Ph.D. 2017.04.13 Department of Radiological Sciences David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Class Business Advanced topic
More informationFundamental MRI Principles Module Two
Fundamental MRI Principles Module Two 1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance There are three main subatomic particles: protons neutrons electrons positively charged no significant charge negatively charged Protons
More informationPulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Tim Welsh, Sam Allsop, Chris Yip University of San Diego, Dept. of Physics (Dated: April 7, 013) In this experiment we use pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (PNMR) to
More informationMRI in Practice. Catherine Westbrook MSc, DCRR, CTC Senior Lecturer Anglia Polytechnic University Cambridge UK. John Talbot MSc, DCRR
MRI in Practice Third edition Catherine Westbrook MSc, DCRR, CTC Senior Lecturer Anglia Polytechnic University Cambridge UK and Carolyn Kaut RothRT(R) (MR) (CT) (M) (CV) Fellow SMRT (Section for Magnetic
More informationV27: RF Spectroscopy
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg FB Physik Advanced Lab Course V27: RF Spectroscopy ) Electron spin resonance (ESR) Investigate the resonance behaviour of two coupled LC circuits (an active rf
More informationField trip: Tuesday, Feb 5th
Pulse Sequences Field trip: Tuesday, Feb 5th Hardware tour of VUIIIS Philips 3T Meet here at regular class time (11.15) Complete MRI screening form! Chuck Nockowski Philips Service Engineer Reminder: Project/Presentation
More informationBloch Equations & Relaxation UCLA. Radiology
Bloch Equations & Relaxation MRI Systems II B1 I 1 I ~B 1 (t) I 6 ~M I I 5 I 4 Lecture # Learning Objectives Distinguish spin, precession, and nutation. Appreciate that any B-field acts on the the spin
More informationThe Application of FROID in MR Image Reconstruction
The Application of FROID in MR Image Reconstruction by Linda Vu A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in
More informationQUALITY ASSURANCE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR ADAPTIVE RADIOTHERAPY: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS TREVOR THANG 1 Supervisors: Dr.
QUALITY ASSURANCE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR ADAPTIVE RADIOTHERAPY: PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS TREVOR THANG 1 Supervisors: Dr. Eugene Wong 2, Dr. Rob Bartha 1 Department of Medical Biophysics 1,
More informationSpatial encoding in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Jean-Marie BONNY
Spatial encoding in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Jean-Marie BONNY What s Qu est an image ce qu une? image? «a reproduction of a material object by a camera or a related technique» Multi-dimensional signal
More informationFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) is an imaging technique for
Chapter 2 Principles of FMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FMRI) is an imaging technique for examining brain function. Since its first appearance in 1991 (Belliveau et al.[8]) the use of FMRI
More informationThe Physical Basis of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Part I ESMRMB. Jürgen R. Reichenbach
The Physical Basis of Nuclear agnetic Resonance Part I Jürgen R. Reichenbach odule 1 October 17, 216 Outline of odule Introduction Spin and magnetic moment Spin precession, Larmor frequency agnetic properties
More informationSpin Relaxation and NOEs BCMB/CHEM 8190
Spin Relaxation and NOEs BCMB/CHEM 8190 T 1, T 2 (reminder), NOE T 1 is the time constant for longitudinal relaxation - the process of re-establishing the Boltzmann distribution of the energy level populations
More informationSuperoperators for NMR Quantum Information Processing. Osama Usman June 15, 2012
Superoperators for NMR Quantum Information Processing Osama Usman June 15, 2012 Outline 1 Prerequisites 2 Relaxation and spin Echo 3 Spherical Tensor Operators 4 Superoperators 5 My research work 6 References.
More informationSpin. Nuclear Spin Rules
Spin Bioengineering 280A Principles of Biomedical Imaging Fall Quarter 203 MRI Lecture Intrinsic angular momentum of elementary particles -- electrons, protons, neutrons. Spin is quantized. Key concept
More informationWe have seen that the total magnetic moment or magnetization, M, of a sample of nuclear spins is the sum of the nuclear moments and is given by:
Bloch Equations We have seen that the total magnetic moment or magnetization, M, of a sample of nuclear spins is the sum of the nuclear moments and is given by: M = [] µ i i In terms of the total spin
More informationSpin. Nuclear Spin Rules
Spin Bioengineering 280A Principles of Biomedical Imaging Fall Quarter 2012 MRI Lecture 1 Intrinsic angular momentum of elementary particles -- electrons, protons, neutrons. Spin is quantized. Key concept
More information1 Magnetism, Curie s Law and the Bloch Equations
1 Magnetism, Curie s Law and the Bloch Equations In NMR, the observable which is measured is magnetization and its evolution over time. In order to understand what this means, let us first begin with some
More informationMe myself and MRI: adventures in not understanding nuclear physics.
Me myself and MRI: adventures in not understanding nuclear physics. Thomas E. Gladwin August 28, 2007 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Nuclei 2 2.1 Precession............................... 2 2.2 Spin-up and
More informationChapter 7. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Chapter 7 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy I. Introduction 1924, W. Pauli proposed that certain atomic nuclei have spin and magnetic moment and exposure to magnetic field would lead to energy level
More informationNMR, the vector model and the relaxation
NMR, the vector model and the relaxation Reading/Books: One and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy, VCH, Friebolin Spin Dynamics, Basics of NMR, Wiley, Levitt Molecular Quantum Mechanics, Oxford Univ. Press,
More informationAdvanced Topics and Diffusion MRI
Advanced Topics and Diffusion MRI Slides originally by Karla Miller, FMRIB Centre Modified by Mark Chiew (mark.chiew@ndcn.ox.ac.uk) Slides available at: http://users.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/~mchiew/teaching/ MRI
More informationUtrecht University. Radiofrequency pulse design through optimal control and model order reduction of the Bloch equation
Utrecht University Master s thesis Radiofrequency pulse design through optimal control and model order reduction of the Bloch equation Author: Willem van Valenberg Supervisors: Gerard L.G. Sleijpen Alessandro
More informationPhysical Background Of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Physical Background Of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Michael McClellan Spring 2009 Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography University of North Carolina Wilmington What is Spectroscopy?
More information} B 1 } Coil } Gradients } FFT
Introduction to MRI Daniel B. Ennis, Ph.D. Requirements for MRI UCLA DCVI Requirements for MRI Dipoles to Images MR Active uclei e.g. 1 H in H20 Cryogen Liquid He and 2 Magnetic Field (B0) Polarizer ystem
More informationMagnetization Gradients, k-space and Molecular Diffusion. Magnetic field gradients, magnetization gratings and k-space
2256 Magnetization Gradients k-space and Molecular Diffusion Magnetic field gradients magnetization gratings and k-space In order to record an image of a sample (or obtain other spatial information) there
More informationBasic p rinciples COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Introduction. Atomic s tructure
1 Basic p rinciples Introduction 1 Atomic structure 1 Motion in the atom 2 MR active nuclei 2 The hydrogen nucleus 4 Alignment 4 Precession 8 The Larmor equation 9 Introduction The basic principles of
More informationUnilateral NMR of Activated Carbon
Unilateral NMR of Activated Carbon Stuart Brewer 2, Hans Adriaensen 1, Martin Bencsik 1, Glen McHale 1 and Martin W Smith 2 [1]: Nottingham Trent University (NTU), UK [2]: Defence Science and Technology
More informationRelaxation, Multi pulse Experiments and 2D NMR
Relaxation, Multi pulse Experiments and 2D NMR To Do s Read Chapter 6 Complete the end of chapter problems; 6 1, 6 2, 6 3, 6 5, 6 9 and 6 10. Read Chapter 15 and do as many problems as you can. Relaxation
More informationIntroduction to the Physics of NMR, MRI, BOLD fmri
Pittsburgh, June 13-17, 2011 Introduction to the Physics of NMR, MRI, BOLD fmri (with an orientation toward the practical aspects of data acquisition) Pittsburgh, June 13-17, 2001 Functional MRI in Clinical
More informationBasis of MRI Contrast
Basis of MRI Contrast MARK A. HORSFIELD Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Leicester Leicester LE1 5WW UK Tel: +44-116-2585080 Fax: +44-870-7053111 e-mail: mah5@le.ac.uk 1 1.1 The Magnetic
More informationLab 1: Intro to NMR. March 10, 2014
Lab 1: Intro to NMR March 10, 2014 Christine Leon-Swisher (GSI), Miki Lustig (Prof) 1 Preliminaries Never bring anything metal into the room with an MRI (i.e. keys, metallic jewelry, chairs) Do not enter
More informationSpatial encoding in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Jean-Marie BONNY
Spatial encoding in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Jean-Marie BONNY What s Qu est an image ce qu une? image? «a reproduction of a material object by a camera or a related technique» Multi-dimensional signal
More informationLecture 12 February 11, 2016
MATH 262/CME 372: Applied Fourier Analysis and Winter 2016 Elements of Modern Signal Processing Lecture 12 February 11, 2016 Prof. Emmanuel Candes Scribe: Carlos A. Sing-Long, Edited by E. Bates 1 Outline
More informationLow Field MRI of Laser Polarized Noble Gases. Yuan Zheng, 4 th year seminar, Feb, 2013
Low Field MRI of Laser Polarized Noble Gases Yuan Zheng, 4 th year seminar, Feb, 2013 Outline Introduction to conventional MRI Low field MRI of Laser Polarized (LP) noble gases Spin Exchange Optical Pumping
More informationChapter 2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Chapter 2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2.1 Bloch Equation The concept of MRI physics is described by the bloch equations. Consider the weak magnetic field M(t) kept at an angle α (in the anticlockwise direction)
More informationBasic MRI physics and Functional MRI
Basic MRI physics and Functional MRI Gregory R. Lee, Ph.D Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology June 24, 2013 Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium Objectives Neuroimaging Overview MR Physics
More informationThe Physical Basis of the NMR Experiment
The Physical Basis of the NMR Experiment 1 Interaction of Materials with Magnetic Fields F F S N S N Paramagnetism Diamagnetism 2 Microscopic View: Single Spins an electron has mass and charge in addition
More informationSpectroscopy of Polymers
Spectroscopy of Polymers Jack L. Koenig Case Western Reserve University WOMACS Professional Reference Book American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1992 Contents Preface m xiii Theory of Polymer Characterization
More informationIntroductory MRI Physics
C HAPR 18 Introductory MRI Physics Aaron Sodickson EXRNAL MAGNETIC FIELD, PROTONS AND EQUILIBRIUM MAGNETIZATION Much of the bulk of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner apparatus is dedicated to
More informationMagnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine
Institute for Biomedical Engineering University and ETH Zurich Gloriastrasse 35 CH- 8092 Zurich Switzerland Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Medicine D. Meier, P. Boesiger, S. Kozerke 2012 All rights reserved.
More informationFerdowsi University of Mashhad
Spectroscopy in Inorganic Chemistry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy spin deuterium 2 helium 3 The neutron has 2 quarks with a -e/3 charge and one quark with a +2e/3 charge resulting in a total
More informationPrinciples of MRI EE225E / BIO265. Lecture 14. Instructor: Miki Lustig UC Berkeley, EECS. M. Lustig, EECS UC Berkeley
Principles of MRI Lecture 14 EE225E / BIO265 Instructor: Miki Lustig UC Berkeley, EECS Overview Last-Time: Non-Selective Excitation Excitation, inversion, spin-echo ~G ~r =0 Today: Selective Excitation
More informationTopics. Spin. The concept of spin Precession of magnetic spin Relaxation Bloch Equation
Bioengineering 280A Principles of Biomedical Imaging Fall Quarter 2005 MRI Lecture 1 Topics The concept of spin Precession of magnetic spin Relaation Bloch Equation Spin Intrinsic angular momentum of elementary
More information