Achievements from building the AuScope National Virtual Core Library (NVCL) in Australia

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AN ORGANISATION FOR A NATIONAL EARTH SCIENCE INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM Achievements from building the AuScope National Virtual Core Library (NVCL) in Australia Jonathan Huntington 1, Meagan

1 CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Sydney, Australia, the Geological Surveys of 2 New South Wales, 3 Queensland, 5 Mineral Resources Tasmania, 6 Western Australia, 7 Victoria, 8

1 AN ORGANISATION FOR A NATIONAL EARTH SCIENCE INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM Achievements from building the AuScope National Virtual Core Library (NVCL) in Australia Jonathan Huntington 1, Meagan Clissold 2, Suraj Gopalakrishnan 3, Andy Green 4, David Green 5, Lena Hancock 6, Helen Lynch 7, Peter Mason 1, Alan Mauger 8, Martin Schodlok 1, Belinda Smith 9, Peter Warren 1, Lew Whitbourn 1 1 CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering, Sydney, Australia, the Geological Surveys of 2 New South Wales, 3 Queensland, 5 Mineral Resources Tasmania, 6 Western Australia, 7 Victoria, 8 South Australia and the 9 Northern Territory, and 4 OTBC Pty Ltd. Presented in Symposium 32.4 at the 34 th International Geological Congress, Brisbane, Australia August 10 th by the authors.

3 What is the National Virtual Core Library? A national earth science research infrastructure system, with nodes in each State/Territory, designed to scan, interpret and publish mineralogical and image scans of archived drill cores of the continent s sub-surface: Visible and infrared spectroscopic scanning High resolution core imaging Preliminary mineralogical interpretation Database archives of raw and processed data Web accessible discovery

4 Why a National Virtual Core Library?

5 Fundamentally about changing the culture & value-adding drilling assets using reflectance spectroscopy

6 and.. & thus better understanding mineral and basin systems

7 How did it come about? Some history st HyLogging demo at Sunrise Dam in industry-funded AMIRA P685 project Initial NVCL idea in Kalgoorlie AuScope planning started April st HyLogger-1 precursor operations VNIR+SWIR Construction in two stages st HyLogger-2 delivered (5/4/09) VNIR+SWIR st HyLogger-3 upgrade delivered (21/2/11) VNIR+SWIR+TIR Formal Stage 1 completion in June Take-home message It takes time

8 NVCL Infrastructure System Database, web discovery and delivery 4 Access Infrastructure 1 Material Infrastructure 60+ years of drill cores and growing Human Technology Infrastructure 2 Infrastructure Fulltime dedicated specialist teams 3 HyLoggers,TSG software & new spectral libraries

NVCL Workflow & Publication GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYLOGGING DOMAIN Survey Hosted

Sent to to Library Other Services Vocabularies, etc HyLogger-2/3 Machine Data

of Truth TSG Adapter Web Feature Service GeoSciML + observations Data Services

download Auscope Grid Portal Query and Delivery Interface CSV, GeoSciML, raw

9 NVCL Workflow & Publication GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYLOGGING DOMAIN Survey Hosted PUBLIC DOMAIN Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Core Library Users Requests to to Log Core Sent to to Library Other Services Vocabularies, etc HyLogger-2/3 Machine Data TSG Core Enterprise Products Borehole DB Header info HyLogging DB Oracle Point of Truth TSG Adapter Web Feature Service GeoSciML + observations Data Services images, visualisations & CSV export TSG Download Service Complete TSG dataset download Auscope Grid Portal Query and Delivery Interface CSV, GeoSciML, raw images, visualisations, PDF, FTP export or or mail. Users Users MD Archive Multiple TSG Viewers

10 NVCL Nodes and Libraries 9 partners 7 State capital city libraries 8 other libraries/stores +

11 HyLogger-3 3 spectrometers 1 * grating, 2 * FTIR VNIR, SWIR, TIR 125 samples / m 10*18 mm pixels sampled every 8 mm VNIR-SWIR TIR 380 to 2500 nm 531 channels nm 341 channels

12 NVCL Workflow Protocols - The 9 `tions Nine Processes & Four Outcomes 1. Collection 2. Calibration 3. Characterisation 4. Interpretation 5. Validation 6. Integration 7. Explanation 8. Valuation 9. Publication Measurement Mineralogy Meaning Data Information Knowledge Benefit

13 What does value adding drilling assets really mean? Recycling (re-examining) past core to find deposits Learning from past mistakes Recovering past investments Billions of $ spent in past drilling New knowledge, not warehouses of rock Future deposit signatures may be in core the libraries today Facilitating research and training Students, Academics, Industry ( exploration( is research ) Facilitating resource discovery Supporting our resource-based economy Understanding the sub-surface composition of our continent The sub-surface surface is not just about resources. It s s what we live on, derive our food and water from. We need to understand it.

A Suite of Alternative Interpretation Tools Most now operating in the VNIR, SWIR and TIR Automated unmixing and classification (TSA, QPLS) Batch and custom scalars (indices) PCA and Clustering

14 A Suite of Alternative Interpretation Tools Most now operating in the VNIR, SWIR and TIR Automated unmixing and classification (TSA, QPLS) Batch and custom scalars (indices) PCA and Clustering AuxMatch (SAM-like) matching Spectral Reference Libraries (global, district and domain) Epidote - Quartz Mixture Stack 100% Feldspar 100% Quartz Quartz 100% Epidote 100:0 75:25 50:50 25:75 0:100 Epidote

The TIR - Resolving more mineral groups Anhydrous Silicates & Others Boddington Gold Mine Examples Courtesy Newmont Mining and AMIRA Feldspar Group and chemical variants Quartz and variants Pyroxene

15 The TIR - Resolving more mineral groups Anhydrous Silicates & Others Boddington Gold Mine Examples Courtesy Newmont Mining and AMIRA Feldspar Group and chemical variants Quartz and variants Pyroxene Group Olivine Group and broad Fo / Fa (Mg / Fe) variants Garnets and Fe, Al, Ca, Mg and Mn variants Apatite, Barite, etc., etc. Plus many SWIR active minerals A B A = Quartz B = albite + carbonate C = epidote + carbonate + quartz HyLogger-3 TIR spectrometer telescope & illumination assembly C

Not Just TIR but 3 Integrated Wavelength Regions Spatially

complete suite of minerals, but not without some head

provides increasingly integrated multi-wavelength analysis

16 Not Just TIR but 3 Integrated Wavelength Regions Spatially registered VNIR/SWIR/TIR capabilities provide a more complete suite of minerals, but not without some head scratching Andy Green will explain TSG-HotCore software provides increasingly integrated multi-wavelength analysis functions, a new spectral library and improved interpretation tools.

17 SNDD001 Co-registered VNIR SWIR TIR Spectral Stack VNIR/SWIR TIR

18 Systematic shift of the ref maximum in silicates Application of a Felsic-Mafic Index Based on pioneering work by Logan et al., Salisbury et al., 1989, Salisbury et al., 1991 Minerals Rocks Felsic granite Granodiorite Monzonite Gabbro Norite Picrite Dunite

19 New Tools TIR Opportunities SNDD001 Domaining with unmixing

20 New Tools TIR Opportunities SNDD001 Domaining with appropriate scalars

21 Gradients, Trends and Facies Changes Tennant Creek Basalts and sediments TDD01

22 Facies Changes

23 Gradients in Disseminated Sulphides. Dense sampling enhances subtle gradients difficult to see with point measurements DET Brukunga-1 drill hole A A B B Threshold

24 Oil, Oil shale and Gas Applications CH CH CH 1200 nm Rockhampton-2 oil shale, Qld OH H 2 O D 1730 nm CH CH Hovea-3 3 oil reservoir WA Dickite D D 2308 nm Courtesy of Lena Hancock and Suraj Gopalakrishnan

25 GSWA example Abra Barite Mapping Still undeveloped 1976 blind discovery of 200 Mt of 1.8% Pb, 6g/t Ag, 0.18% Cu, 6% Ba, 150Mt of 0.13 g/t Au at 260m depth (Boddington, 1990). Barite + carbonate breccia Barite + quartz vein

26 Zones of carbonates, apatite & phlogopite. Cummins Range Carbonatite, WA Phlogopite Carbonates Apatite

27 Reading carbonate TIR wavelengths and compositions 6500 nm nm

28 Maturing NVCL Strategies From single holes to regional and basin studies e.g. 51 holes in the Ngalia Basin (NT) and the Cariewerloo Basin (SA) ' ' ' ' ' 410 km

29 Extrapolating CSIRO Bigrlyi Findings across the whole basin After Susanne Miller, Mel Quigley and Belinda Smith 1137 / 1500 / 1550 / 2245nm features associated with U / V ore zone at Bigrlyi (minimum 300ppm U; 1000ppm V) Mainly qtz, K-feldspar & roscoelite with SEM showing U-bearing phases (coffinite, uraninite, carnotite & U phosphate-sulphate minerals) within roscoelite. Mainly qtz, K-feldspar & roscoelite. Roscoelite & coffinite is coating quartz grains. Detrital (matrix) clays vary from illite / smectite to V-illitic / smectitic roscoelite in mineralised samples. K Feldspar shows radiation damage around rims

30 Pandurra Formation S.A S. van der Wielen (DET CRC) 1 km x 1 km x 10 m cell size HyLogger data from DMITRE (Mauger and Gordon, 2011) 2.4 km 420 km N 320 km Based on the position of the Al OH absorption feature Mica Wavelength (nm) 25x vertical exaggeration 2,195 2,200 2,205 2,210 2,215 Muscovitic Phengitic

31 Dickite Story ( diagenetic in many basin sst sequences, not only a hydrothermal alteration product) Dobby-2 Millungera Sub-basin, Qld Emmie Bluff, Olympic Dam Province, S.A. Mineralised

32 Dickite Story ( diagenetic in many basin sst sequences, not only a hydrothermal alteration product) ν (OH) stretch Dobby-2 Millungera Sub-basin, Qld Emmie Bluff, Olympic Dam Province, S.A. Mineralised

33 Other uses of the infrastructure Thin section petrography, spectral modelling and validation Supporting field mapping Qtz(62%) + alb(22%) + mica(14%) + chl(2%) also informed by the SWIR

34 Which wavelength region is best? Some current thoughts Ideally all of them together

35 The Virtual part of the NVCL Web discovery, content exploration and download service

36 Conclusions, Achievements and the Future A nationally-distributed, publically-accessible network of novel instrumentation unique VNIR-SWIR-TIR spectroscopic mineral and image data 7 nodes and 8 instruments A growing collaborative fraternity of trained operators and users >400,000 metres acquired, 1500 drill holes, databased and being interpreted Web access, delivery + free TSG-Viewer A greater diversity of new applications and findings than expected Great research opportunities (& not just in geology) Future opportunities New earth science findings Improved teaching and training opportunities More validation, improved standardisation Expanded libraries, new integrated interpretation tools Upgrades (more sensitivity, petrophysical & geochemical integration)

37 Acknowledgements The Federal Government through DISTRE AuScope Pty Ltd The Managements of all State and Territory Geological Surveys CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering and Minerals Down Under National Research Flagship The many exploration and mining companies who over the past 60 years have contributed to the libraries and core stores. Please continue! The contents of this presentation are copyright HyLogging, HyLogger, TSG and TSA are trademarks of CSIRO HyLogging Systems are available commercially through FLSmidth Pty Ltd

38 We will be posting today s presentations on the AuScope web site in a couple of weeks at:

HyLogging TM. HYPERSPECTRAL mineralogical logging and imaging of drill core and chips. a new set of eyes to rapidly and objectively quantify minerals

HyLogging TM. HYPERSPECTRAL mineralogical logging and imaging of drill core and chips. a new set of eyes to rapidly and objectively quantify minerals HyLogging TM HYPERSPECTRAL mineralogical logging and imaging of drill core and chips a new set of eyes to rapidly and objectively quantify minerals 2 3 Key Benefits Rapid collection of high density spectral