Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for SCIENCE

Transcription

1 CORRELATION TO Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for SCIENCE CPO Texas Grade 8

2 Page 1 of 30 1.A Scientific investigation and reasoning The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations following safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices. The student is 0 Lab safety symbols and instructions are found in the investigation manual on the pages after TOC 0 Lab safety symbols and instructions are found in the investigation manual on the pages after TOC 5 Safety practices and procedures 6 Safety practices and procedures 7 Safety symbols 8 Science safety quiz 9 Safety equipment demonstrate safe practices during laboratory and field investigations as outlined in the Texas Safety s 1.B Scientific investigation and reasoning The student, for at least 40% of instructional time, conducts laboratory and field investigations following safety procedures and environmentally appropriate and ethical practices. The student is 164 Recycle tires 165 Many uses for recycled tires 62 Importance of proper waste disposal methods practice appropriate use and conservation of resources, including disposal, reuse, or recycling of materials 2.A

3 Page 2 of 30 2.A Scientific investigation and reasoning The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and field investigations. The student is expected to: plan and implement comparative and descriptive investigations by making observations, asking well-defined questions, and using appropriate equipment and technology 9 Hypothesis must be testable 12 Descriptive and comparative investigations defined 252 Investigate relative and absolute dating 265 Make regular observations 348 Investigate radiation of heat energy from Sun to Earth 406 Conduct a survey of your backyard 12 Record observations from inquiry 21 Write up a step-by-step strategy 30 Design an experiment to increase acceleration 41 Come up with a way to test your idea 83 Investigate what causes Earth's major mountain ranges to form 88 Investigate how running water shapes rivers and the landscape 110 Investigate the cause of seasons 133 Investigate interactions of living things 134 Field plot observations 136 Hay infusion observations 2.B Scientific investigation and reasoning The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and field investigations. The student is expected to: design and implement comparative and experimental investigations by making observations, asking well-defined questions, formulating testable hypotheses, and using appropriate equipment and technology 6 Inquiry defined 7 Importance of communicating scientific evidence clearly 9 Hypothesis must be testable 12 Descriptive and comparative investigations defined 14 Sample data from a repeatable experiment 21 Three important variables (#1) 39 Manipulated and responding variable distinguished 11 Using inquiry in science 12 Formulate testable hypothesis 13 Create your own mystery activity 14 Investigate relationship between flow rate and water volume 15 Write a hypothesis 19 Investigate how a ramp can be used as a model to study speed 21 Write up a step-by-step strategy 29 Investigate changes in a car's velocity 88 Investigate how frictional force is affected by mass 188 Investigate conservation of mass 30 Design an experiment to increase acceleration 33 Investigate effects of friction on motion 252 Investigate relative and absolute dating 40 Investigate Newton's first law 265 Make regular observations 41 Test your hypothesis

4 Page 3 of Find evidence of weathering 45 Investigate Newton's third law 348 Investigate radiation of heat energy from Sun to Earth 60 Investigate evidence of chemical changes 406 Conduct a survey of your backyard 78 Investigate evidence for plate tectonics 80 Investigate plate tectonics 83 Investigate what causes Earth's major mountain ranges to form 89 Effects of changing slope of stream table 106 Investigate how temperature and salinity cause ocean layering 110 Investigate the cause of seasons 114 Investigate causes of the lunar cycle 127 Investigate how to measure the distance to stars and galaxies 133 Investigate interactions of living things 2.C

5 Page 4 of 30 2.C Scientific investigation and reasoning The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and field investigations. The student is expected to: collect and record data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative means such as labeled drawings, writing, and graphic organizers 24 Record mass data 85 Draw a free-body diagram (#8) 103 Diagram of force and direction of motion 265 Record observations in a journal 286 Record evidence 290 Record measurements in data table 292 Draw a diagram 417 Record observations of freshwater aquarium 12 Record observations from inquiry 15 Collect qualitative data 16 Volume and time data 23 Collect car speed data 25 Car velocity data 27 Collect position versus time data 32 Record weight in newtons 43 Distance and time data 72 Side-view depth diagrams 76 Depth of water and distance traveled data 79 Sketch organisms 89 Draw river channel, delta, and ocean 99 Collect weather data 103 Record weather data 118 Spectral data 127 Brightness and distance data 134 Field plot observations 136 Hay infusion observations 138 Population data 2.D

6 Page 5 of 30 2.D Scientific investigation and reasoning The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and field investigations. The student is expected to: construct tables and graphs, using repeated trials and means, to organize data and identify patterns 39 Steps in making a graph 44 Make a graph of Maria's motion (#5) 57 Construct a graph from the data (#10a) 57 Construct a graph from the data (#10a) 88 Graph washer mass vs. force value 286 Create a data table for observations 290 Record measurements in data table 290 Graph results of the experiment 16 Volume and time data table 17 Use data to make a flow rate vs. interval number graph 20 Construct a data table 27 Speed vs. position graph from data 28 Predict the speed of a car from a graph 30 Table of acceleration calculations 32 Use graph of data to explain the relationship between weight and mass 406 Create a data table 34 Conduct multiple experimental trials 422 Create a data table 444 Create a bar graph 38 Use data to identify the mathematical relationship 46 Energy car action - reaction data table 76 Depth of water data table 79 Explain patterns of fossil distribution 100 Make a line graph of data 123 Create a star data graph from data 124 Examine your graph 138 Create a line graph of population data 2.E Scientific investigation and reasoning The student uses scientific inquiry methods during laboratory and field investigations. The student is expected to: analyze data to formulate reasonable explanations, communicate valid conclusions supported by the data, and predict trends 7 Importance of communicating scientific evidence clearly 14 Significant difference explained 15 Consider measurement error before reaching a conclusion 24 Calculate the error 51 Analyze velocity vs. time graph (#5) 58 Calculate the velocity represented by each graph (#12) 11 Using inquiry in science 15 Make a prediction based on qualitative observations 17 Use data to make a flow rate vs. interval number graph 28 Calculate percent error and percent correct 32 Use graph of data to explain the relationship between weight and mass 82 Predict location of plate boundary

7 Page 6 of Describe graph trends 225 Use chart information to answer questions 96 Causes and effects of rising and sinking air 98 Use weather data to make predictions 252 Analyze graph of radioactive decay 259 Analyze rock cycle diagram 265 Predict what will happen to the pile 281 Use the map scale to answer questions 106 Investigate how temperature and salinity cause ocean layering 110 Investigate the cause of seasons 115 Revise hypothesis if changes are observed 283 Hypothesize why river is flowing slowest (#9) 286 Predict effects of weathering over time 286 How do you think the weathering occurred? 117 Use a spectrometer to analyze composition of stars 128 Analyze graph of brightness versus distance 138 Analyze changes in population 316 Use Saffir-Simpson scale to determine strength of Hurricane Andrew 324 Identify relationships on graph 374 Patterns associated with sunspot activity 376 Predict which category Vega will enter 402 Calculate percentage error 422 Use data to make predictions 448 Use population chart to answer questions 3.A

8 Page 7 of 30 3.A Scientific investigation and reasoning The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions and knows the contributions of relevant scientists. The student is in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student 7 Scientific evidence must be objective and repeatable 8 How theories are tested against evidence 10 Scientific method explained 15 When differences are significant 60 How would you improve your design 94 Draw and label a diagram of your final design 226 A summary of the theory of plate tectonics 229 What scientists knew before Wegener 232 Unanswered questions 12 Do observations support hypothesis? 15 Test hypothesis by doing an experiment 60 Investigate evidence of chemical changes 78 Investigate evidence for plate tectonics 117 Use a spectrometer to analyze composition of stars 233 Sea-floor spreading hypothesis 233 How do you know that the sea floor is spreading? 234 Wegener was on the right track 235 Crucial role of creative thinkers in science process 250 Geological perspective on 2010 Haiti earthquake 358 Theories about sunspots 380 Discussion of Big Bang theory 396 Evidence for Big Bang theory 3.B

9 Page 8 of 30 3.B Scientific investigation and reasoning The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions and knows the contributions of relevant scientists. The student is use models to represent aspects of the natural world such as an atom, a molecule, space, or a geologic feature 19 Different types of scientific models 21 Choose the model (#2) 23 Virtual drilling 60 Egg drop project 75 A model for friction 94 Design and build a car 125 An early model of the atom 131 Which drawing shows the most accurate model? (#2) 138 Bohr model of the atom 149 Lithium atom model 166 Modeling electrons 17 Use data to make a flow rate vs. interval number graph 17 Make a flow rate vs. interval number graph 21 Using the scale of your model 49 Atom model 59 Use sodium and chlorine models to answer questions 86 Investigate how models are used to predict changes in landforms 100 Look for patterns in data 110 Setting up a model of Earth's orbit 114 Model the lunar cycle 195 A globe is a model 198 Maps 199 A model of Earth 212 Bathymetric map 216 Create a model of Earth 256 Create a model of the ocean floor 290 Model weathering 350 Use model to answer questions about relationship between Sun, Earth, and moon system 3.C

10 Page 9 of 30 3.C Scientific investigation and reasoning The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions and knows the contributions of relevant scientists. The student is identify advantages and limitations of models such as size, scale, properties, and materials 17 Models have limitations 21 Choose the model (#2) 66 Choose a scale to represent the strength of a force vector 131 Which drawing shows the most accurate model? (#2) 166 Cannot accurately model electrons 202 Limitations of 3-D projections 19 Investigate how a ramp can be used as a model to study speed 21 Using the scale of your model 86 Investigate how models are used to predict changes in landforms 203 Scale of maps 209 Scale on topographic maps (#6, 7) 216 Create a model of Earth 256 Create a scale for your model 290 Graph results of the experiment 350 Scale model project 3.D

11 Page 10 of 30 3.D Scientific investigation and reasoning The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions and knows the contributions of relevant scientists. The student is relate the impact of research on scientific thought and society, including the history of science and contributions of scientists as related to the content 20 Relationship between science and technology 35 Discuss daily life impact of traveling at faster speeds 96 Isaac Newton contribution 125 Contributions of Rutherford, Geiger, and Marsden 138 Contributions of Bohr 178 Contributions of Lavoisier 77 Research impact of Marie Tharp 183 Antoine Lavoisier biography 199 A model of Earth 228 Contributions of Alfred Wegener 229 Contributions of Alexander von Humboldt 233 Contributions of Harry Hess 235 Crucial role of creative thinkers in science process 244 Contributions of James Hutton 337 Newton's contribution to solar system model (#1) 359 Solar cell research 363 Contributions of Hertzsprung and Russell 369 Contributions of Edwin Hubble 372 Contributions of Dr. Katherine Johnson 385 Contributions of Armstrong and Aldrin 4.A Scientific investigation and reasoning 5 Digital scale 5 Car and ramp system 14 Use a stopwatch 19 Use DataCollector and photogates 24 Mass balances

12 Page 11 of 30 The student knows how to use a variety of tools and safety equipment to conduct science inquiry. The student is use appropriate tools to collect, record, and analyze information, including lab journals/notebooks, beakers, meter sticks, graduated cylinders, anemometers, psychrometers, hot plates, test tubes, spring scales, balances, microscopes, thermometers, calculators, computers, spectroscopes, timing devices, and other equipment as needed to teach the curriculum 188 Electronic balance 188 Beakers 277 Topographic maps 289 Use the map to answer questions 310 Warm and cold fronts represented on weather map 348 Use stopwatch or timer 348 Use digital thermometers 374 Use a ruler to make measurements 21 Use meter stick to measure to height of the hill 22 Use DataCollector and two photogates 29 Use DataCollector and one photogate 31 Use a spring scale to measure force 32 Use graph of data to explain the relationship between weight and mass 37 Use a spring scale to measure force exerted 39 Use a balance to measure mass in grams 42 Use DataCollector and photogates to collect time data 43 Use electronic scale to measure mass 60 Use Data Collector with temperature probe 69 Use topographic map 78 Use bathymetric map 85 Find features on a bathymetric map 86 Make topographic maps 98 Use weather tools set 102 Use weather map to make predictions 112 Use a digital meter 117 Use a spectrometer to analyze composition of stars 127 Use a multimeter 133 Use a meter stick to measure 135 Use a microscope to view pond organisms

13 Page 12 of Use a microscope to observe organisms 4.B Scientific investigation and reasoning The student knows how to use a variety of tools and safety equipment to conduct science inquiry. The student is 0 Lab safety symbols and instructions are found in the investigation manual on the pages after TOC 9 Safety equipment 45 Wear safety glasses 60 Wear safety glasses and apron use preventative safety equipment, including chemical splash goggles, aprons, and gloves, and be prepared to use emergency safety equipment, including an eye/face wash, a fire extinguisher 5.A Matter and energy The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is describe the structure of atoms, including the masses, electrical charges, and locations of protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons in the electron cloud 122 Atomic structure 122 Atom is smallest particle of an element 124 Electric charge 124 Subatomic particles 125 The nuclear model of the atom 126 Three particles make up all atoms 129 Complete atoms are electrically neutral 130 Calculate the number of neutrons 48 Investigate atomic structure 49 Atom model 131 Which drawing shows the most accurate model? (#2) 138 Bohr model of the atom 166 Cannot accurately model electrons 166 Modeling electrons 5.B

14 Page 13 of 30 5.B Matter and energy The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is identify that protons determine an element's identity and valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity 129 Atomic number, chemical symbol, and element name on the periodic table 130 Mass number defined 133 Atomic mass and isotopes 137 Examples of periodicity 138 Bohr model of the atom 139 How electrons fill energy levels 52 Investigate the relationship between valence electrons and periodic table structure 54 Ions form when atoms gain or lose electrons 58 Investigate why atoms form chemical bonds 139 Atomic number and energy levels 140 Energy levels are indicated by periods 148 Chemical bonds form when electrons are shared or transferred 149 Atomic number of lithium 151 Electrons form chemical bonds 155 Some elements are more reactive than others 157 Valence electrons participate in chemical bonds 158 Valence electrons and the periodic table 159 Lewis dot diagrams 5.C Matter and energy The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table, including groups and periods, to explain how properties are used to classify elements 133 Mendeleev and atomic mass 134 Organization of the periodic table 135 Periodic table of the elements 136 Groups and periodicity 137 Examples of periodicity 140 Energy levels are indicated by periods 144 Name that element 52 Investigate the relationship between valence electrons and periodic table structure 63 Use periodic table tiles to model chemical reaction

15 Page 14 of 30 5.D Matter and energy The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is recognize that chemical formulas are used to identify substances and determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas containing subscripts 152 Reading a chemical formula 157 Formation of sodium chloride 161 Predicting chemical formulas 162 Predict product when elements combine 173 Elements in fruit sugar 175 Burning of methane 182 Some chemical formulas 55 Writing chemical formulas 5.E Matter and energy The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is investigate how evidence of chemical reactions indicate that new substances with different properties are formed 152 Reading a chemical formula 162 Predict product when elements combine 174 Physical vs. chemical changes 175 Burning of methane 177 Identify the reactants and products (#6) 178 Relationship between reactants and products 60 Investigate evidence of chemical changes 62 Classify endothermic and exothermic reactions 63 Investigate conservation of atoms in a chemical reaction 179 How are chemical reactions written? 182 Chemical reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid 183 Count the number of each type of atom 5.F

16 Page 15 of 30 5.F Matter and energy The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is recognize whether a chemical equation containing coefficients is balanced or not and how that relates to the law of conservation of mass 178 Law of conservation of mass 179 Numbers and types of atoms must balance 180 Balancing a chemical equation 181 When balancing a chemical equation 182 Balancing a common reaction 183 Count the number of each type of atom 63 Investigate conservation of atoms in a chemical reaction 64 Write balanced equations 65 Balance difficult equations 184 Balancing equations 185 Balance equations (#5, 6) 188 Investigate conservation of mass 6.A

17 Page 16 of 30 6.A Matter and energy The student knows that there is a relationship between force, motion, and energy. The student is demonstrate and calculate how unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of an object's motion 62 Effects of friction 64 Force definition 67 Contact force example - friction 68 Forces in ropes and springs 70 Gravity affects weight on different planets 31 Investigate forces and how they are measured 33 Investigate effects of friction on motion 38 Why rotational equilibrium is used to describe the lever in balance 73 Friction defined 73 Types of friction 74 Friction resists motion between surfaces 74 Examples of sliding and static friction 80 Balanced forces result in zero net force 81 Relationship between equilibrium and net force 83 Forces on free-body diagrams 85 Draw a free-body diagram (#8) 92 Find the net force (#12) 98 Force changes motion 261 Role of gravity in weathering process 6.B

18 Page 17 of 30 6.B Matter and energy The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is differentiate between speed, velocity, and acceleration 30 Acceleration is how quickly or slowly motion changes 30 of speed 31 Units used to measure speed 33 An example of speed 34 Contrast speed and velocity 19 Speed equation 22 Calculate speed of the car 22 Investigate the difference between speed and velocity 23 Collect car speed data 24 Velocity is speed with direction 37 The speed formula can be arranged three ways 26 Investigate how a graph can be used to predict the speed of a car 38 Difference between speed and velocity (#2) 45 Acceleration defined 50 Acceleration occurs when velocity changes 29 Investigate changes in a car's velocity 30 Acceleration equation 33 Calculate average speed 35 Calculate the average speed 51 Calculate and compare acceleration of five different cars 54 Calculate speed 57 Use the speed formula (#4) 59 What's the person's acceleration (#4) 6.C

19 Page 18 of 30 6.C Matter and energy The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is investigate and describe applications of Newton's law of inertia, law of force and acceleration, and law of action-reaction such as in vehicle restraints, sports activities, amusement park rides, Earth's tectonic activities, and rocket launches 99 Newton's first law 101 Application of Newton's first law 102 Newton's second law 104 Newton's second law formula 105 Applying the second law 107 Forces always come in matched pairs 109 Newton's third law application - skateboard example 110 Newton's third law - car collisions and safety features 40 Investigate Newton's first law 42 Investigate relationship among acceleration, force, and mass 45 Investigate Newton's third law 46 Energy car action - reaction data table 111 Action-reaction forces - squid propulsion 112 Space shuttle 113 Shuttle physics 114 Make a spool car 117 Identify action-reaction pairs (#12) 119 Sports and Newton's laws project 7.A Earth and space The student knows the effects resulting from cyclical movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The student is model and illustrate how the tilted Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night, and revolves around the Sun causing changes in seasons 330 Tilt of Earth's axis causes changes in seasons 332 Rising and setting positions of the Sun 334 Rotation and revolution 335 Earth's axis and the seasons 336 Position of the Sun in summer and winter 336 Sunlight and the seasons 110 Investigate the cause of seasons 113 Effects of distance on intensity 7.B

20 Page 19 of 30 7.B Earth and space The student knows the effects resulting from cyclical movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The student is demonstrate and predict the sequence of events in the lunar cycle 330 Moon revolves around Earth 339 What is the lunar cycle? 339 Moon phases 340 Eight phases of the moon 341 Lunar eclipses 342 Solar eclipses 114 Investigate causes of the lunar cycle 116 Moon rotation 7.C Earth and space The student knows the effects resulting from cyclical movements of the Sun, Earth, and Moon. The student is 343 Tides are caused by Moon's gravity 344 Spring and neap tides 346 Extracting tidal power relate the position of the Moon and Sun to their effect on ocean tides 8.A

21 Page 20 of 30 8.A Earth and space The student knows characteristics of the universe. The student is expected to: describe components of the universe, including stars, nebulae, and galaxies, and use models such as the Herztsprung-Russell diagram for classification 351 Useful information from Hubble Space Telescope 352 Components of the universe 358 The energy produced by the Sun 360 Dwarf and neutron stars are smaller than the Sun 361 Relationship between color of light and temperature of stars 362 Brightness of stars 363 Reading H-R diagrams 364 Nebulae, birth, and life span of stars 117 Use a spectrometer to analyze composition of stars 118 Spectral data 120 Star life cycles and spectroscopy 122 Investigate star life cycle and H-R diagram 123 Create a star data graph from data 124 Examine your graph 125 Investigate objects in space 127 Investigate how to measure the distance to stars and galaxies 365 Sun-like stars 368 Milky Way galaxy; Whirlpool galaxy 368 What is a galaxy? 369 Types of galaxies 370 Andromeda galaxy 382 Universe definition 8.B Earth and space The student knows characteristics of the universe. The student is expected to: recognize that the Sun is a mediumsized star near the edge of a discshaped galaxy of stars and that the Sun is many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star 354 The Sun is a medium-sized star 355 Anatomy of the Sun 356 Features of the Sun 357 Solar energy 358 Theories about sunspots 360 Dwarf and neutron stars are smaller than the Sun 125 Investigate objects in space 365 Sun-like stars 366 Comparison of the Sun to more massive stars 368 Milky Way galaxy

22 Page 21 of 30 8.C Earth and space The student knows characteristics of the universe. The student is expected to: explore how different wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum such as light and radio waves are used to gain information about distances and properties of components in the universe 351 Useful information from Hubble Space Telescope 357 Solar energy and electromagnetic waves 361 Region of visible light 369 Hubble Space Telescope 380 Wavelength of X-rays (#3) 380 Comparison of light to other types of electromagnetic waves 129 Investigate images in the electromagnetic spectrum 130 Images in the electromagnetic spectrum data table 387 Electromagnetic wave definition 388 Frequency of waves 389 What kind of wave is light? 390 Waves in the electromagnetic spectrum 391 Telescopes and electromagnetic waves 392 Compare visible light to other waves (#3, 4) 393 Doppler shift explained 402 Making an astrolabe 8.D

23 Page 22 of 30 8.D Earth and space The student knows characteristics of the universe. The student is expected to: model and describe how light years are used to measure distances and sizes in the universe 368 Light year definition 370 Distance from Earth to Proxima Centauri 380 Distances are measured in light years 381 What does a light year measure? 382 Astronomical numbers 127 Investigate how to measure the distance to stars and galaxies 128 Analyze graph of brightness versus distance 131 Speed of light 132 Calculate speed of light distances 383 Astronomical distances 383 Converting astronomical distances 385 Calculate time required for radio waves to travel from Moon to Earth 8.E Earth and space The student knows characteristics of the universe. The student is expected to: research how scientific data are used as evidence to develop scientific theories to describe the origin of the universe 380 Doppler shift as evidence in support of Big Bang theory 393 Doppler shift explained 394 The expanding universe 394 Big Bang theory 395 Big Bang theory explained 396 Evidence for Big Bang theory 9.A

24 Page 23 of 30 9.A Earth and space The student knows that natural events can impact Earth systems. The student is describe the historical development of evidence that supports plate tectonic theory 226 A summary of the theory of plate tectonics 227 Illustrated summary of plate boundaries 228 Pangaea and continental drift 229 What scientists knew before Wegener 231 Discovering deep ocean trenches 78 Investigate evidence for plate tectonics 79 Explain patterns of fossil distribution 80 Investigate plate tectonics 82 Predict location of plate boundary 232 Unanswered questions 232 Echo sounding 238 Pangaea and Earth today 248 Igneous rocks and plate tectonics 248 Metamorphic rock and plate tectonics 9.B

25 Page 24 of 30 9.B Earth and space The student knows that natural events can impact Earth systems. The student is relate plate tectonics to the formation of crustal features 226 A summary of the theory of plate tectonics 227 Illustrated summary of plate boundaries 228 Pangaea and continental drift 230 Ridges and trenches 231 Discovering deep ocean trenches 232 Mid ocean ridges and mountain folds 233 Sea-floor spreading 78 Investigate evidence for plate tectonics 80 Investigate plate tectonics 81 Convergent boundaries produce mountains, trenches, and islands 82 Predict location of plate boundary 83 Investigate what causes Earth's major mountain ranges to form 85 Find features on a bathymetric map 234 The energy source for plate movement 236 Earth's features and plate tectonics 237 Mid-ocean ridges 238 Ocean basins 239 Subduction zones, trenches, and volcanoes 240 Ring of Fire 241 Mountains 242 Earthquakes and plate boundaries 245 Describe how plate tectonics is related to rock cycle 248 Metamorphic rock and plate tectonics 9.C Earth and space The student knows that natural events can impact Earth systems. The student is interpret topographic maps and satellite views to identify land and erosional features and predict how these features may be reshaped by weathering 198 Maps and coordinates 200 Latitude 201 Longitude 203 Features of maps 204 Latitude and longitude (#4, 8) 205 Relief and elevation 69 Explore how to make a topographic map 70 Scale on a topographic map 74 SONAR and features of the ocean bottom 78 Use bathymetric map 85 Find features on a bathymetric map 206 What is a topographic map? 86 Make topographic maps

26 Page 25 of Making a topographic map 208 Technology and making a topographic map 88 Investigate how running water shapes rivers and the landscape 89 Draw river channel, delta, and ocean 209 Scale on topographic maps (#6, 7) 210 Depth on a bathymetric map 93 Information provided by topographic maps and satellite images 211 Technology and making bathymetric maps 212 Bathymetric map 221 Relate landforms to topographic map features (#1, 2) 260 Mountains and weathering 261 Ways that weathering occurs 262 Mechanical weathering and water 263 Wind is a mechanical weathering agent 264 Chemical weathering 265 Sediments are products of weathering 267 Erosion defined 268 Running water moves sediment 269 Sediment is sorted by water 277 Topographic maps and mountains 278 Satellite views and remote sensing 279 Rivers shape land features 280 Meanders 281 Use the map scale to answer questions 282 Gulf Coast land features 286 Find evidence of weathering 290 Model weathering

27 Page 26 of B.1 0.A Earth and space The student knows that climatic interactions exist among Earth, ocean, and weather systems. The student is recognize that the Sun provides the energy that drives convection within the atmosphere and oceans, producing winds and ocean currents 301 Convection and thermals 302 Global convection and the Coriolis effect 303 Global surface wind patterns 307 Latitude and solar radiation 309 Moving air and fronts 311 High and low pressure centers 95 Investigate convection in Earth's atmosphere 96 Convection and sea breezes 97 Convection and land breezes 106 Investigate how temperature and salinity cause ocean layering 109 Thermohaline ocean currents and the ocean food chain 318 Earth's oceans are warmed by the Sun 319 Relationship between Coriolis effect and gyres 321 Role of the Sun in driving ocean currents (#5) B.1 0.B Earth and space The student knows that climatic interactions exist among Earth, ocean, and weather systems. The student is identify how global patterns of atmospheric movement influence local weather using weather maps that show high and low pressures and fronts 302 Global convection 303 Global surface wind patterns 309 Air mass definition 309 Moving air and fronts 310 Warm and cold fronts represented on weather map 311 High and low pressure centers 312 Clouds 98 Use weather tools set 99 Collect weather data 100 Meteorologist 102 Cold and warm front symbols on a weather map 103 High pressure and low pressure centers 104 Relate atmospheric pressure to weather 313 Storm cells, thunder, and lightning 314 Cyclones and hurricanes 105 Relationship between precipitation and dew point 315 Tornadoes 316 Relationship between air convection and thunderstorm development (#5) B.1 0.C

28 Page 27 of B.1 0.C Earth and space The student knows that climatic interactions exist among Earth, ocean, and weather systems. The student is identify the role of the oceans in the formation of weather systems such as hurricanes 314 Cyclones and hurricanes 315 Tornadoes 316 Use Saffir-Simpson scale to determine strength of Hurricane Andrew 318 Two reasons why oceans store energy 322 Hurricane hunters 323 Forecasting hurricanes B.1 1.A

29 Page 28 of B.1 1.A Organisms and environments The student knows that interdependence occurs among living systems and the environment and that human activities can affect these systems. The student is 408 Diagram a terrestrial ecosystem 409 How energy moves through a forest ecosystem 410 Terrestrial ecosystems 411 Prairie ecosystem 133 Investigate interactions of living things 134 Field plot observations 135 Investigate microscopic organisms in pond water 136 Identify producers and consumers describe producer/consumer, predator/prey, and parasite/host relationships as they occur in food webs within marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems 412 Producers in prairie ecosystem 413 A food web 414 Pine forest ecosystem 415 Freshwater and marine ecosystems 416 Primary consumers 417 Freshwater food web 418 Marine producers and consumers 419 Marine predators and prey 419 Marine parasites and hosts 422 Terrestrial food webs 426 Use food web to answer question (#3) 429 Forest ecosystem food web 431 Niche and predatory-prey relationships B.1 1.B

30 Page 29 of B.1 1.B Organisms and environments The student knows that interdependence occurs among living systems and the environment and that human activities can affect these systems. The student is investigate how organisms and populations in an ecosystem depend on and may compete for biotic and abiotic factors such as quantity of light, water, range of temperatures, or soil composition 412 Predator-prey relationships 419 Marine predators and prey 430 Levels of organization 431 Niche and predatory-prey relationships 432 Populations and competition 433 Communities and ecosystems 434 Relationships among organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems 436 Abiotic factors in terrestrial environments 134 Field plot observations 135 Hay infusion 137 Investigate how abiotic factors affect population growth 437 Abiotic factors in freshwater environments 438 Abiotic factors in marine environments 443 Venn diagram - abiotic and biotic factors B.1 1.C Organisms and environments The student knows that interdependence occurs among living systems and the environment and that human activities can affect these systems. The student is 439 Organisms change over time 440 Natural selection explained 441 Favorable adaptations are selected and accumulate 442 Environmental changes and extinction 138 Create a line graph of population data 139 Investigate natural selection 140 Percent of population explore how short- and long-term environmental changes affect organisms and traits in subsequent populations 443 Which is more likely to cause extinction? (#6) 444 Simulate natural selection B.1 1.D

31 Page 30 of B.1 1.D Organisms and environments The student knows that interdependence occurs among living systems and the environment and that human activities can affect these systems. The student is 420 How humans affect ocean systems 421 Explain how human activities modify ocean systems (#6) recognize human dependence on ocean systems and explain how human activities such as runoff, artificial reefs, or use of resources have modified these systems