PLANETARY CRATERING MECHANICS

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1 Papers Presented To The SYMPOSIUM ON PLANETARY CRATERING MECHANICS LUNAR SCIENCE INSTITUTE TOPICAL CONFERENCE HOSTED BY THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, GEOLOGIC DIVISION BRANCH OF ASTROGEOLOGIC STUDIES FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA SEPTEMBER 1976 Compiled by The Lunar Science Institute 3303 NASA Road 1 Houston, Texas I LSI CONTRIBUTION 259 UNIVERSITATSBIBUOTHEK HANNOVER TECHNISCHE INFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Equations of State of the Moon T. J. Ahrens, R. Jeanloz, and J. D. O'Keefe 1 Late-Stage Effects in Crater and Electa Formation R. T. Allen 4 The Lunar Grid System G. Andlauer 6 Characteristics of Debris from Small-Scale Cratering Experiments R. J. Andrews 9 A Statistical Analysis of Lunar Crater Depth/'Diameter Ratios J. C. Anselmo, D. E. Rehfuss, N. K. Kincheloe, D. Michael, and S. A. Wolfe 12 Numerical Simulation of Subsurface Explosion Cratering J. B. Bryan, D. E. Burton, C. M. Snell, and J. M. Thomsen 15 Influence of Gravitational Fields and Atmospheric Pressures on Scaling of Explosion Craters A. J. Chabai 16 Physical Parameters,, Electa Overlap Relationship and Transport Characteristics t and the Nature of the Impacting Body as Constraints for the Cratering Model of the Ries E. C. T. Chao 19 Ejection Energy-Diameter Scaling Laws for Giant Impacts S. K. Croft 22 Mechanisms and Models of Cratering in Earth Media D. R. Curran, D. A. Shockey, and L. Seaman 25 Terrestrial Impact Craters: Principal Characteristics and Energy Considerations M. R. Dence, R. A. F. Grieve, and P. B. Robertson 28 Manicouagan and Popigay Structures: Comparative Morphology and Spatial Distribution of Impact Melt Rocks R. J. Floran 30 The First Tektite Deposits in a Meteoritic Crater (Zhamanshin North Aral Region^ USSR) P. V. Florensky 33 v

3 - Scaling of Cratering Experiments An Analytical and Heuristic Approach to the Phenomenology B. K. Germain and L. S. Germain 36 Pvoqectile Impact Cratering in Rocks W. Goldsmith, M. Kabo, and J. L. Sackman 37 The Generation and Distribution of Impact Melts: Implications for Cratering Processes R. A. F. Grieve, M. R. Dence, and P. B. Robertson 40 Was the Lunar Crater3 Giordano Bruno3 Formed on June ? J. B. Hartung 43 Impact Melt on Lunar Crater Rims B. R. Hawke and J. W. Head 44 Origin of Rings in Lunar Multi-Ringed Basins J. W. Head 47 Mars Pedestal Crater Escarpments: Evidence for Ejecta-Related Emplacement J. W. Head and R. Roth 50 Formation of Concentric Basin Rings C. A. Hodges and D. E. Wilhelms 53 On the Mechanics of the Surface Explosion B. A. Ivanov 56 Shock Wave3 a Possible Source of Magnetic Fields? B. A. Ivanov, B. A. Okulessky, and A. T. Basilevsky 59 Meteoritic Material in the Rocheahouart Crater^ and the Prevalence of Irons Among Crater-Forming Meteorites M. J. Janssens, J. Hertogen, H. Takahashi, E. Anders, and P. Lambert 62 Numerical Simulation of a Very Large Explosion at the Earth's Surface with Possible Applications to Tektites E. M. Oones and M. T. Sandford 64 The Morphology of Explosion Craters with Central Uplift Structures G. H. S. Jones 65 Single Particle Hypervelocity Impact Damage Analysis M. E. Kipp 67 vi

4 Implications The Meteoritic Contamination in the Rochechouart Crater: Statistical Geochemical Investigations P. Lambert 69 Simple Z Model of Crateringt Ejection^ and the Overturned Flap D. E. Maxwell 72 Measurements at Finite Target Hypervelocity Impact - Microscale Dimensions for Regolith Impacts J. A. M. McDonnell 73 Crater Modification by Gravity: A Mechanical Analysis of Slumping H. J. Melosh 76 Ejeata Dynamics of High-Speed Impact Craters R. H. Morrison and V. R. Oberbeck 79 Stratal Emplacement J. S. Nagle in Lunar Cores 82 Cratering Phenomena and Energy Dissipation in the CM-Size Range K. Nagel, G. Neukum, and H. Fechtig 84 The Vredefort Structure: A Review of on its Constitution and Origin L. 0. Nicolaysen Recent Studies 87 Simulation of Impact Craters with High Explosives V. R. Oberbeck Deformation at the Decaturville Impact Structure* Missouri T. W. Offield and H. A. Pohn Partitioning of Energy from Impact Cratering on Planetary Surfaces J. D. O'Keefe and T. J. Ahrens 93 Selective Evaporation in Target Rocks After Meteoritic Impact 0. V. Parfenova and 0. I. Yakovlev 96 Dynamical Implications of the Petrology of Impact Produced Rocks W. C. Phinney and C. H. Simonds and Distribution 99 Cratering Mechanisms Observed in Laboratory-Scale High- Explosive Experiments A. J. Piekutowski '02 i VII

5 Electa Thickness* Rim Uplift* Energy Type* and Depth of Energy Release R. J. Pike 105 Cratering from Large Explosive Events R. J. Port 108 Lunar Wind Electa Transport D. E. Rehfuss, D. Michael, J. C. Anselmo, and N. K. Kincheloe 109 The Steinheim Basin A Meteorite Crater - W. Reiff 112 Shock-Wave Attenuation: Apparent Variation with Crater Dimensions P. B. Robertson and R. A. F. Grieve 115 Impact and Explosion Craters: Morphological and Structural Analogs D. 0. Roddy 118 The Flynn Creek Crater: Structural Deformation and Cratering Processes D. 0. Roddy 121 Crater-Related Ground Motions and Implications for Crater Scaling F. M. Sauer and H. F. Cooper 124 A Centrifuge Cratering Experiment»R. M. Schmidt 126 The Response of Rocks to Large Deformation Stresses R. N. Schock 129 Crater Evolutionary Tracks G. Schubert, R. E. Lingenfelter, and R. Terrile 131 A Dynamic Crater Electa Model W. R. Seebaugh 133 Ries Deep Drilling: Fallback Breccia Profile and Structure of the Crater Basement D. Stbffler 136 Chaotic Formation on the Moon 0, M. S. Sun 139 Material Strength Degradation Effect on Cratering Dynamics R. P. Swift 142 viii

6 g. On Fracture Mechanism of Rocks by Explosion V. M. Tsvetkov, I. A. Sisov, and N. M. Syrnikov 145 Numerical Simulation of a 20-Ton TNT Detonation on the Earth 's Surface and Implications Concerning the Mechanics of Central Peak Formation G. W. Ullrich and D. J. Roddy 148 Craters from Surface Explosions and Energy Dependence* a Retrospective View L. J. Vortman 151 Dynamic Egecta Parameters from High Explosive Detonations J. Wisotski 154 A Model for Transport and Deposition from Base Surge of Volcanic Origin K. H. Wohletz and M. F. Sheridan 157 A Stratigraphic Model for Bessel Crater R. A. Young 160 INDICES Subject Index 163 m Topic Index 166 Author Index 168 I %x

Fri. Oct. 13, Reading: For Today. Andrews-Hanna et al (GRAIL Procellarium region)

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