COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) (PART I)

Transcription

1 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) PROCEEDINGS OF THE 43 RD CCOP ANNUAL SESSION (PART I) 29 OCTOBER 3 NOVEMBER 2006 DAEJEON, REPUBLIC OF KOREA CCOP Technical Secretariat 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) Fax: (66) ccopts@ccop.or.th Homepage: June 2007

2 CONTENTS ATTENDANCE AND ORGANIZATION 1 OPENING CEREMONY OF THE 43 RD ANNUAL SESSION 2 ELECTION OF OFFICERS 2 AGENDA ITEM 1. Adoption of the Agenda 2 2. CCOP Progress Report 2 3. Member Countries Reports 3 4. Cooperating Countries and Organizations Reports Cooperating Countries Reports Cooperating Organizations Reports 7 5. Draft CCOP Workplan for Advisory Group Meeting 9 7. General Consultative Meeting 9 8. Date and Venue for the Next Annual Session Other Matters General Remarks from Delegations Roundtable Dialogue on Role of Geoscience in Governance for Sustainable Development and Human Security Thematic Session Adoption of Report 15 CLOSING CEREMONY 15 ANNEXES : ANNEX I : LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 19 ANNEX II : SPEECHES 31 ANNEX III : AGENDA 41 ANNEX IV : CCOP PROGRESS REPORT 43 i

3 ANNEX V : MEMBER COUNTRIES REPORTS 69 Country Report of CAMBODIA 71 Country Report of CHINA 83 Country Report of INDONESIA 105 Country Report of JAPAN 119 Country Report of THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA 191 Country Report of MALAYSIA 207 Country Report of PAPUA NEW GUINEA 221 Country Report of THE PHILIPPINES 227 Country Report of THAILAND 249 Country Report of VIETNAM 265 ANNEX VI : COOPERATING COUNTRIES AND ORGANIZATIONS REPORTS 281 Country Report of AUSTRALIA 283 Country Report of BELGIUM 289 Country Report of CANADA 293 Country Report of GERMANY 297 Country Report of THE NETHERLANDS 305 Country Report of NORWAY 309 Country Report of SWEDEN 315 Country Report of UNITED KINGDOM 321 Country Report of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 325 Organization Report of ASCOPE 331 Organization Report of CPC 351 Organization Report of GETECH 359 Organization Report of IUGS 363 Organization Report of PETRAD 375 ANNEX VII : CCOP WORKPLAN FOR ANNEX VIII : REPORT OF THE ADVISORY GROUP MEETING 389 ANNEX IX : IYPE 401 ANNEX X : ASSISTANCE REQUESTED BY CCOP MEMBER COUNTRIES 411 ii

4 REPORT OF THE 43 rd CCOP ANNUAL SESSION 29 October 3 November, 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea ATTENDANCE AND ORGANIZATION VENUE The 43 rd Annual Session of the Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) was held at the Yousung Hotel, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, from 29 October to 3 November, This event was organized by the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) in cooperation with the Technical Secretariat of CCOP and with the support of the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE), Korea National Oil Corporation (KNOC), Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS), Korea Resources Corporation (KORES) and Gas Hydrate R&D Organization (GHDO). ATTENDANCE The Session was attended by representatives of the following Member Countries: CAMBODIA, CHINA, INDONESIA, JAPAN, REPUBLIC OF KOREA, MALAYSIA, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, THE PHILIPPINES, THAILAND and VIETNAM. From the Cooperating Countries, BELGIUM, CANADA, DENMARK, GERMANY, JAPAN, THE NETHERLANDS, NORWAY, and THE UNITED KINGDOM were in attendance. From the Cooperating and Corresponding Organization, ASCOPE, CIFEG, GETECH, IUGS and PETRAD attended the session. Also present at the Meeting were the Honorary Advisers of CCOP. FINLAND was in attendance as observer. The staff of the CCOP Technical Secretariat (CCOP T/S) and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) provided the necessary conference services. The List of Participants is appended to this report as ANNEX I. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 1 CCOP Technical Secretariat

5 OPENING CEREMONY OF THE 43 rd ANNUAL SESSION The opening ceremony commenced with addresses delivered by: Mr. Won Gul Lee, Vice Minister, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) Dr. Eikichi Tsukuda, Chairperson of the CCOP Steering Committee Dr. David Prior, Chairperson of CCOP Advisory Group Dr. Tai Sup Lee, Permanent Representative of Korea to CCOP and President of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) The speeches are attached in Annex II. ELECTION OF OFFICERS Dr. Tai Sup Lee, Head of the Delegation of Korea was elected Chairperson of the Session and Dr. Sevillo D. David Jr., Head of the Delegation of the Philippines, was elected Vice-Chairperson. The Representatives from, Thailand and The Netherlands were elected as Rapporteurs. 1. ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA (documents CCOP-43AS/1-1, 1-2) AGENDA ITEMS The agenda as adopted by the meeting is given in ANNEX III. 2. CCOP PROGRESS REPORT (document CCOP-43AS/2-3) The CCOP T/S Director, Mr. Chen Shick Pei, presented the CCOP Progress Report (ANNEX IV) covering the period 01 July June 2006, with an update to October The Director also informed the Session of the successful completion of Ms. Coco V. Sta Ana s Master of Science Degree in Petroleum Geology at the Texas A & M University (TAMU) and conveyed her Thank You letter to CCOP and TAMU. The Director reminded the Member Countries of the continued availability of the scholarship grant for 3 geoscientists offered by TAMU and encourage the MCs to avail this rare opportunity. Mr. Ioannis Abatzis, Delegate from Denmark, congratulated the CCOP T/S for their great efforts during the last year, which contributed to the successful results presented during the CCOP Progress Report. Dr. Prior congratulated the CCOP T/S on achieving year by year increases in cash balances. However the question arises as to the optimum cash balance for CCOP and how to ensure best use of available resources. Dr. Prior also asked about the rather modest reported interest for the past year in the financial statements. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 2 CCOP Technical Secretariat

6 The Director replied that it was agreed in previous meetings that the cash balance should be equivalent to at least one year s budget. The cash balance has now surpassed the reserves required. In 2007 budget, the CCOP is planning to allocate more money for training, upgrade of IT infrastructure (purchase of laptop and computer), develop application for Technical Division to facilitate greater efficiency of work and develop the virtual library. Regarding income from the reserves, the interest rate for time deposit in Thailand is currently very low, about 1-2%. Hence, low return from reserve CCOP holds. Concerning the CCOP T/S office, the Delegation from Thailand informed the Session of the status of the rate of space rent in Bangkok, which has been increasing every year, and it may pose a problem to their budget in the future. DMR has discussed with the representatives from the Bureau of the Budget, Ministry of Finance, about building a new office for the CCOP T/S. DMR hopes to get the approval of Thai Cabinet and parliament soon. Once the approval is granted the permanent building of CCOP T/S could be finished within one and a half year. The Director thanked the Royal Thai Government for supporting the rental of CCOP office and was very pleased to learn of a new building for the T/S. This will solve the long term problem for a permanent office of the CCOP T/S. 3. MEMBER COUNTRIES REPORTS (documents CCOP-43AS/3-4 to 3-13) The reports submitted to the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session by Member Countries are shown in ANNEX V and verbal presentations of highlights were made by each Member Country Delegation. Cambodia The following comments were made during the discussion of the country reports: The Delegate from Denmark requested the Cambodian delegate to elaborate a little more on the similarities and/or integration between the Small Scale Mining (SSM) project proposal prepared in cooperation between Cambodia and Germany and the SSM project concept submitted by CCOP T/S to DANIDA for support. The Delegate from Cambodia clarified that the SSM project proposal s objectives will have to be revised to reflect the policy of the Government towards this activity before re-submitting to the German Government for review and consideration. Concerning the possibility of overlapping of the project objectives, Cambodia will review them thoroughly to avoid overlapping. The Director added that the T/S has submitted the Project Concept addressing technical issues on helping small-scale miners and that there are no details yet with regard to the areas of the study. He also elaborated that the T/S will monitor the activities so that the two projects will not overlap but rather complement each other. China - No comment - Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 3 CCOP Technical Secretariat

7 Indonesia Japan - No comment - Dr. Reedman, Honorary Adviser, congratulated Japan on their formation of a broad and comprehensive National Committee for CCOP incorporating members from a large number of geoscience related institutes and organizations. Such a Committee should encourage and facilitate cooperation across all the CCOP sectors and increase the flow of information through CCOP from Japan and to other CCOP Member Countries. The Member Country Report of Japan tabled for the 2006 Annual Session already displayed the advantage of this approach as it contains much valuable information on the current activities of a wide range of organization in Japan in fields relevant to CCOP. Several years ago, Indonesia took a similar initiative and it is hoped that more Member Countries will follow this lead. Korea For paleoclimatic research, the German delegate recommended KIGAM to use data of international long-term programmes by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Programme (IODP), the International Continental Drilling Programme (ICDP) and IMAGES. The first results are available on the Quaternary evolution of the monsoonal intensity and the evolution of the Pacific Warm Water Pool and the Indonesian through flow. Malaysia - No comment - Papua New Guinea The Director asked for clarification on the extent of responsibility of the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) on groundwater. The Delegate from PNG explained that DEC was appointed as the focal point for Integrated Water Resources Management Program (IWRMP). It is an administrative body which will be responsible for communication between SOPAC and stakeholders in PNG. This arrangement was initiated on the request of SOPAC to facilitate effective communication between PNG and SOPAC on Water Resources Management. Groundwater Resources Management is the responsibility of Papua New Guinea Water-board, a semi-private company. The Department of Mining is responsible for providing technical advice on groundwater, and the arrangement above does not affect the current arrangement. The new arrangement will improve service delivery more efficiently rather than operating projects on ad-hoc basis. The Philippines Thailand - No comment - - No comment - Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 4 CCOP Technical Secretariat

8 The delegate from Belgium, referring to the plan by to upgrade the laboratories of the Department of Geology and Minerals of, especially in the field of isotope analysis, inquired about the specific type of isotope(s) that they would like to study. replied that they would like to receive support for a laboratory for Stable Isotope (C/O/H). They are also planning to integrate arsenic investigation into the groundwater monitoring program, and request support from CCOP Cooperating Countries in this field. Dr. Reedman, Honorary Adviser, thanked the delegate from for his presentation. He noted that a lot of groundwater monitoring was being carried out in the Mekong Delta. He recalled that at a recent CCOP Annual Session it had been reported that contamination by natural arsenic was a problem. He wondered if there was now more information on this potential hazard. responded that there have been projects in the past with data on arsenic, but with the economic development and population increase, the present situation necessitates to continue monitoring and investigation. The BGS has helped a lot in the early 90 s, but now a number of problem has arisen which is why is seeking further assistance of CCOP. 4. COOPERATING COUNTRIES AND ORGANIZATIONS REPORTS (documents CCOP-43AS/ to ) The reports submitted to the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session by Cooperating Countries and Cooperating Organizations, are shown in ANNEX VI. The following comments were made during the discussions of the said reports: 4.1 Cooperating Countries Reports Canada The Director thanked the distinguished Delegate from Canada of the offer for a workshop on Ocean and Coastal Mapping. This workshop will include material on the collection of bathymetric data which can, for example be used to support the Tsunami project. He informed the Session that PNG has requested a project on tsunami and this workshop should be beneficial to PNG. He also encouraged the other MCs to take advantage of the offer. Denmark The Delegate of China appreciates Denmark s sponsorship for ICB-CCOP 1 Project and thanked Mr. Liu Liqun s good coordination for this Project. The Project has gone very smoothly from the Chinese side. In the meantime, the input from the host country s Government, research institutions and oil companies are necessary to ensure the success of the Project. Another seminar will take place in Guilin, China, this November and he looks forward to see more activities for this Project. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 5 CCOP Technical Secretariat

9 The Director, on behalf of the MCs, thanked the Royal Danish Government for the support of the ICB-CCOP 1 Project, which involved cross-border case studies, and expressed appreciation to the distinguished representative of Denmark for his advice and guidance. The Delegate from Germany mentioned that the ENRECA-2-Well would be very useful for the IGCP Delta Map Program studying the evolution of the Mekong Delta and inquired whether the logs and cores are accessible for the study of the Quaternary Geology to other interested parties. The Delegate from Denmark replied that the cores are available for further research studies at VPI s HCMC Branch. Germany The Chinese Delegation conveyed their high appreciation to the Government of Germany and BGR for the fruitful cooperation on Coal Fire Project. The Delegation looks forward to their further cooperation for Phase II of the project. Japan On the GEO Grid initiative presented by Japan, the delegate from Germany recommends that the topographic variations in time (4D models) be incorporated to give more useful information in areas with tectonic volcanic and land-slide activity. Norway The Delegation from Indonesia inquired about Norway s Project with on Safety and Environmental Management and the type of safety programs undertaken under in the Project. The Delegate from Norway replied that the Project focused on establishing a legal framework for HSE issues in the Petroleum Sector of and on the establishment of procedures and routines for Petro for handling these issues. The Delegation from Thailand thanked the Government of Norway for the kind support in CCOP-DMR-NGI Project on Tsunami Risk Reduction Measures with Focus on Landuse and Rehabilitation. The Project outputs have been presented to the relevant organizations for further implementation, especially the local provincial offices. Thailand also supports the second phase of this Project. The ese Delegation expressed their sincere thanks to the Royal Norwegian Government and the NPD for supporting to develop effectively the oil and gas industries, not only through the CCOP framework, but also by bilateral cooperation. The projects financed and assisted by the Norwegian counterpart were successfully executed and very effective. They hope to have more cooperation in the years to come. The Director, on behalf of the MCs, conveyed his deep appreciation to the Royal Norwegian Government through the Royal Norwegian Embassy for the continued support to CCOP, particularly the PPM Project and Phase 1 Tsunami Project and financial assistance for the preparation of the documents of the new Projects; Tsunami Phase 2 and EPPM Projects. He especially thanked all the Norwegian agencies; NPD, PETRAD, NGI, PSA Norway and others who provided the expertise in connection with the implementation of the projects. He also informed the Meeting that the Representative of Norway himself is one of the architects of the PPM Project document, based on which the project was very smoothly implemented. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 6 CCOP Technical Secretariat

10 4.2 Cooperating Organizations Reports ASCOPE The Director informed the Session that CCOP and ASCOPE have a long Cooperation and in fact, CCOP and PETRAD are now participating, in addition to the ASCOPE Joint Committee Meeting, in ASCOPE s E&P Business Development Committee Meetings, a sign of strengthening of the cooperation. He also extended the invitation to the MCs to forward seminar topics in areas needed for consideration of funding support to organize CCOP-ASCOPE-PETRAD seminars/workshops for them. CIFEG CPC - No comment - In terms of CPC s scope of work, the Korean Delegation strongly recommended a type of storm induced geohazards study in the onshore or offshore areas in order to reduce the damages in the coastal Eastern and Southeastern Countries. The Korean Delegation needed also to map paleo-storm histories (typhoon and so on), to estimate reinforcement structures in the coastal areas to mitigate the impact of strong storms. Dr. M.J. Terman, Honorary Adviser, conveyed the regret of the CPC President, Dr. David Howell, for not being able to be personally present. He briefly summarized the submitted documents, emphasizing a recent workshop on Aggregates and another on Marine Benthic Habitats. The current focus of CPC is planning for the International Energy Conference (IEC) scheduled for October, 2007 in Beijing. He referred those interested to the attached First Call for participation. Dr. Terman s major emphasis was on reviewing the attached outline of a proposed Coastal Risk Assessment Map focused on the characteristics of onshore, shoreline, and offshore. If interest is expressed by any CCOP Member Country, CPC would seek funds to provide guidance to indigenous scientists that would compile the pertinent assessment of sites or regions of significance for government entities or public education needs. The Director also added that the forthcoming IEC will be jointly organized with China Association of Petroleum Geologists, CGS and Chinese National Oil Companies. He invited all MC, CC, CO to participate in the conference. He also welcomes them to kindly sponsor the conference. GETECH IUGS - No comment - The Korean Delegation asked what should be the ideal composition of national committees for the IYPE. The Representative of IUGS answered that the composition of national committees is dependent on the discretion of the respective countries. However, it is encouraged that multi-stakeholder representation be considered from Government, academia, geological societies and other relevant scientific parties as well as interested parties. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 7 CCOP Technical Secretariat

11 The Japanese Delegation informed the Session that they have established the National Committee for the IYPE at the Science Council of Japan on September 12 th, The Geological Survey of Japan, AIST serves as the Executive Secretariat for the National Committee. The Malaysian Delegation informed the Session that they have also formed its National Committee for IYPE. The Committee comprises of Government agencies, including higher learning institution, Ministry of Education and several non-governmental organizations. The Committee has planned several activities which cover both geoscience programmes and outreach activities. The Delegate from Germany added that the National Year of the Planet Earth (2002) had a very positive effect in Germany. The public awareness in the media improved considerably, the political decision institutions were more willing to support geoscientific projects and the numbers of geoscientific students at the Universities increased. PETRAD The Malaysian Delegation thanked PETRAD and the Government of Norway, for their full support given to Malaysia, especially PETRONAS. Through the cooperation of CCOP, INTSOK and PETRAD, four important seminars have been organized in Malaysia this year. The Chinese Delegation informed the Session that China has a long history of cooperation with PETRAD. This year CNOOC, Tianjin Limited and the Ministry of Land and Resources already held two seminars and one more is coming. The Delegation expressed their deep appreciation to PETRAD through Managing Director, Dr. Oystein Berg and looks forward to the new initiatives in the future. The Philippine Delegation conveyed their sincere appreciation to the Norwegian Government, to NORAD and PETRAD for their support and assistance to The Philippines, particularly the Department of Energy, in regard of the further development and enhancement of the technical capability of the DOE staff through the PPM and the Training Need Assessment Projects. FINLAND The Korean Delegation kindly requested the Geological Survey of Finland to share their experience on arsenic anthropogenic contaminants; database, geochemical atlas, remediation and/or restoration measures, and so on. These data and archives will certainly help to reduce geohazards by human society of East Asian and SE Asian Countries. The ese Delegation expressed their appreciation for the cooperation and support of the Finnish Government for the water supply project of Hanoi City. Now, looks forward to a possible new project on geohazard investigation (pre-feasibility study) and hopes that this project will be soon realized. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 8 CCOP Technical Secretariat

12 5. DRAFT CCOP WORKPLAN FOR 2007 (document CCOP-43AS/5-31) The Director presented the draft CCOP Workplan for 2007 (ANNEX VII). particularly thanked China for the support for the Metadata Project Phase II. He The Philippine Delegation congratulated the CCOP T/S for the Technical Programme for 2007, which they believe will be of great benefit to the Member Countries. They draw particular attention to the planned EPPM in which The Philippines will be expected to actively participate in. The Philippines Delegation took the opportunity to thank the Royal Norwegian Government, through NORAD and PETRAD, for supporting the just-concluded PPM Project and the Training Need Assessment Project (with PETRAD) and look forward to the implementation of the EPPM Project. The Philippines also conveyed their appreciation to the Royal Government of Denmark for the ICB-CCOP 1 Project and their full support to the joint hosting with Malaysia of the Sulu Sea- East Sabah basin Case Study. Thirdly, The Philippines expressed its continued interest and participation in the CBM Project and in CASM-Asia Project. 6. ADVISORY GROUP MEETING The Advisory Group held its meeting in separate Session. 7. GENERAL CONSULTATIVE MEETING The report of the Advisory Group (see ANNEX VIII) was presented by Dr. David Prior, Chairman of the Advisory Group. Dr. Reedman also added that the editorial services offered by the Advisory group may be extended to all other technical publications of CCOP, which he offered to coordinate. The Director expressed his thanks to the Advisory Group for the support to CCOP. The Steering Committee will deliberate on the Report. In his view, the recommendations particularly in the activities and programmes are very useful given with the deep knowledge and wide experience of Members of the Advisory Group. He is confident that the implementation of these recommendations will be reported back to the Advisory Group in next year s annual session. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 9 CCOP Technical Secretariat

13 8. DATE AND VENUE FOR THE NEXT ANNUAL SESSION The Government of The Philippines through the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Mines and Geosciences Bureau and the Department of Energy would like to invite the Member Countries, Cooperating Countries, Cooperating Organizations and the Honorary Advisors of CCOP to the 44 th Annual Session and the 50 th Steering Committee Meeting in The Philippines in year The two meetings are proposed to be held in Cebu City, in the central part of The Philippines on October and respectively. The Session accepted the offer with gratitude and thanked The Philippines for their generosity. 9. OTHER MATTERS 9.1. CCOP Contribution to IYPE Dr. Reedman referred delegates to his tabled paper on possible CCOP activities to participate in the UN International Year of the Planet Earth (IYPE) in He added that it was particularly appropriate that CCOP support this important UN year as CCOP was itself a child of the United Nations and one of the initiators of the year was Dr. Henk Schalke, Honorary Adviser to CCOP. Dr. Reedman suggested, as outlined in his paper, that CCOP should contribute to the IYPE outreach programme in the region by producing a book or directory of Geological Museums and geological heritage sites and geoparks in the region. A detailed project plan and template would have to be developed to solicit contributions from each Member Country describing their most important geological museums and geological heritage sites. The Japanese Delegation also presented a report on this agenda item. The Representative of IUGS stated that the International Year of Planet Earth (IYPE) will benefit the national geoscience organizations in this region. All national geological surveys should take leadership in this IUGS-UNESCO initiative, involving geological societies, academia, industry and other interested parties. Activities could be planned on 10 themes, selecting those that are a priority in the respective nations (ANNEX IX) Announcement of EAGER Award The Advisory Group members who were asked to review the EAGER proposals submitted by Korea were given a very difficult task because of the uniformly high quality of all three that were submitted. Indeed it was the opinion of the reviewers that the high quality was a reflection of the outstanding success of the EAGER program in attracting significant projects proposed by very accomplished and experienced young researchers from preeminent institutions. The three proposals were as follows: Seung-Pil Jung, Seoul National University Integration of DFN Model and Production Data for the Characterization of a Fractured Reservoir Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 10 CCOP Technical Secretariat

14 Hyun-Sung Park, Chonnam National University The Effects of Bacteria on the Fate of Arsenic in Natural Settings. Hyang-Ran Mun, Chonbuk National University Characterization of Intergrowth and Interlayering in Layered Silicates: TEM and EELS Study of Muscovite and Chlorite in the Low-Grade Metamorphic Rock from the Ogcheon Metamorphic Belt, South Korea. The Advisory Group carefully reviewed these proposals and recommended that Mr. Jung be the successful candidate and Dr. Terman presented the award during the Session. 10. GENERAL REMARKS FROM DELEGATIONS Member Countries (represented by The Philippines Delegation) On behalf of all the Member Countries, The Philippines Delegation expressed its deepest appreciation to the Government of the Republic of Korea through the Korean Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources for the warm hospitality and the excellent preparations to make this 43 rd CCOP Annual Session here in the beautiful metropolitan city of Daejeon, a successful and memorable event. We are all impressed with the excellent arrangements made by the host Korea and the Organizing Committee. We would like to congratulate Dr. Dae-Gee Huh for his excellent Chairmanship. Likewise, the Delegation, on behalf of the Member Countries, congratulates the Technical Secretariat for their remarkable contributions for this year s successful and fruitful meetings. Congratulation goes to Mr. Chen Shick Pei, who, with his excellent stewardship, has led to a very impressive and unprecedented number of activities for the benefit of the Member Countries. Last, but not the least, the Delegation expresses its grateful appreciation to the Cooperating Countries and the Cooperating Organizations as well as the Advisory Group for their continued support and invaluable contribution to the CCOP and to the Member Countries. Special recognition goes to the Royal Government of Norway for the completion of the PPM Project, which we hope will continue through the Enhanced PPM Project, again through the generosity of the Royal Norwegian Government. The Philippines Delegation expects to meet everyone present here in this meeting next year at the Annual Session in the Island of Cebu. The following written general remarks were also submitted: China The Chinese Delegation would like to extend deep appreciation for Korean Government through KIGAM for providing us such a good meeting venue, warm hospitalities and the very productive arrangements for the 43 rd Annual Session. Our thanks also go to CCOP T/S for their tremendous efforts for preparing for this Annual Session. See you in The Philippines. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 11 CCOP Technical Secretariat

15 Indonesia The Indonesian Delegation likes to express sincere thanks to Government Republic of Korea, especially Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) for a well-arranged, successful meeting. The 43 rd Annual meeting was well managed with warm hospitality, therefore enabled us to get good and satisfying results. We thank the CCOP T/S for the many new initiatives, and budget management. Indonesia would like to continue supporting the CCOP activities. The Indonesian Delegation also thanked the Member Countries for all cooperation. Appreciation and thanks to the Cooperating Countries and Advisory Group that have introduced and recommended innovations toward making CCOP more dynamic. Finally, the Indonesia thanked The Philippines for graciously offering to host the 44 th CCOP Annual Session. Japan First the Japanese Delegation congratulated CCOP for the big success of the meeting. As you already know, Japan has established the Japan National Committee for CCOP. Japan hopes this committee serves CCOP for better communication, interaction and cooperation in the Region. In addition, on behalf of Japanese Government, the Japanese Delegation informed that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan has sent a resource person, Ms. Hikariko Ono, to the Roundtable Dialogue to give a presentation on the concept human security. The Japanese Delegation stated that it is their immense privilege. The Japanese Delegation thanked KIGAM, IUGS and CCOP T/S for realizing such wonderful occasion and for giving us an opportunity to deepen our thoughts about society. Papua New Guinea The Papua New Guinea Delegation thanked the Government of the Republic of Korea through the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) for hosting this year annual session and the wonderful hospitality provided. The Papua New Guinea Delegation congratulated CCOP on its 40 th Anniversary and the wonderful work done so far in meeting all the endless requests of the Member Countries each year. Papua New Guinea congratulated the Republic of The Philippines for proposing to host the 44 th Annual Session and the 50 th Steering Committee Meeting in October Lastly, Papua New Guinea Delegation appreciated the efforts of all the Member Countries, Cooperating Countries, the Advisory Committee and other organizations in meeting CCOP goals each year. Finally, the Delegation wished everyone all the best and hope to see everyone next year in Cebu City. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 12 CCOP Technical Secretariat

16 Thailand On behalf of Thai Government, the Thai Delegation would like to congratulate the Government of Republic of Korea, particularly Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) for successfully hosting this 43 rd CCOP Annual Session. The Thai Delegation would also like to express their sincere thanks to KIGAM for warm reception and hospitality rendered to all the delegates. Thanks are due to the Annual Session Organizing Committee and all those who contribute to the Session and have made this significant event happen. The Thai Delegation would like to express their sincere thanks and appreciation to Mr. Chen Shick Pei, the Director of CCOP T/S who will complete his term in March 2007, for his tremendous management of the CCOP T/S during his leadership. The Thai Delegation would like to express their appreciation to The Philippines for offering to host the 44 th Annual Session and the 50 th Steering Committee Meeting in Cebu, October The ese Delegation would like to thank the Government of Republic of Korea, especially KIGAM for organizing the successful session, with hospitality and warm welcome. We also thank CCOP T/S for the cooperation with KIGAM in organizing the 43 rd Annual Session. The ese Delegation also takes this opportunity to express our sincere appreciation to the Royal Government of Denmark and other Cooperating Countries for a very close cooperation and sincere assistance to. Cooperating Countries and Organizations, Honorary Advisers (Represented by the Delegate of The Netherlands) Mr. Chairman, distinguished delegates. It is my pleasure, on behalf of the Cooperating Countries, Cooperating Organizations and Advisory Group, to thank you for the excellent CCOP Session we have had in Daejeon, Korea. We experienced a real warm welcome and we thank KIGAM and the Korean Government very much for the excellent organization in beautiful surroundings and the wonderful hospitality. I only have to remind you of the beautiful evening in the National History Museum with dinner and classical music. This year is also a special year, with the departure of Mr. Chen as Director of CCOP T/S. As you all know, we signed a resolution thanking Mr. Chen for his tremendous efforts in forging, over the last six years, a strong Technical Secretariat. He achieved this with great interpersonal skills, insight and a warm friendship given to all of us of the CCOP family. Once again, thank you very much Mr. Chen. Also this year, we have enjoyed friendship from all of you in the social gatherings after our meetings, not in the least by the special cocktails prepared by Master Chef Rok Lee in the National History Museum. With all this in our mind, we look very much forward to the next CCOP Session in beautiful Cebu, The Philippines. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 13 CCOP Technical Secretariat

17 Korea KIGAM, first and foremost, would like to say thank you for giving us such a great opportunity to host this Annual Session. Hosting a momentous event, like this session, has given our institute an opportunity for further improvement and efficient organization. Furthermore, KIGAM is dedicated to cement our role as a strong ally for the CCOP. With that, we would like to make further proud comments about the beautiful Korean weather. We think, it would have been much warmer, if this Annual Session was held in September. However, October, in Korea would offer much fresh air, and more beautiful colored maple trees. The cool breeze in the mornings and evenings might feel a little chilly, especially to those who came from tropical countries. But consider this cool breeze refreshes us each and every morning to preparation for this Annual Session. Finally, we thank CCOP T/S staffs with Director, Mr. Chen Shick Pei, for tireless support and efforts. We also thank CCOP Member and Cooperating Countries/Organizations for their help and for giving us this opportunity to meet together in Daejeon. As the host of this Annual Session, KIGAM hopes, this session brings many positive feedbacks, and strengthens our friendship. Chen Shick Pei As you know, I will be completing my term as Director T/S at the end of March next year and this is the final A/S meeting that I have the privilege to attend with you. Personally speaking, I wish to say that this is a distinct privilege and honor for me to serve CCOP for the past 6.5 years. I consider that this is the most rewarding and enriching part of my career. I express my deep appreciation to all the kind words and praises for me. Honestly I feel that I am trying my best to do the job that I am entrusted to do. I attribute entirely the success of CCOP today to the unwavering support of the Member Countries, the highly committed and dedicated members of the Advisory Group and my colleagues in the Technical Secretariat who shouldered the high volume of work and great responsibilities that comes with the increasingly success of CCOP. Works aside, I will forever value and treasure the tremendous closeness and friendship that each and every one in the CCOP family has fostered since I joined CCOP. Many of you have asked whether I miss these wonderful activities of CCOP; the A/S, S/C and various technical activities. Yes, for sure I will miss them and above all I will miss all of you. Previously, I can look forward to seeing all of you for sure, but now after March I will have to rely on the CCOP website to follow closely CCOP events, what you guys are up to. After Bangkok, we will be moving back to Kuching, Sarawak. It is a small town and in the North Western Coast of Sarawak in the Island of Borneo. Sarawak with large land area has a small population and the attraction is plenty of destinations of Eco Tourism. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 14 CCOP Technical Secretariat

18 I will leave my forwarding contact as the time comes closer to my departure. My wife Ivy and I would like to extend an open invitation to each and every one of you to visit us. I will truly miss you all. Thank you and Goodbye. 11. ROUNDTABLE DIALOGUE on Role of Geoscience in Governance for Sustainable Development and Human Security A roundtable dialogue on the Role of Geoscience in Governance for Sustainable Development and Human Security was held in cooperation with Commission on Geoscience for Environmental Management of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS-GEM). It was chaired by Dr. Satoshi Murao, Japan and co-chaired by Dr. David Ovadia, UK. The outputs of the dialogue will be reported separately. 12. THEMATIC SESSION A thematic session, organized by CCOP, KIGAM, together with Korea Gas Hydrate R&D Organization (GHDO), was held on the topic New Energy Resources in the CCOP Region with two themes Gas Hydrate and Coalbed Methane. The Proceedings of the Thematic Session will be published separately. 13. ADOPTION OF REPORT The report was adopted on Thursday, 2 November, 2006, subject to minor corrections and editorial review. CLOSING CEREMONY The Chairperson then declared the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session closed and looked forward to attending the 44 th CCOP Annual Session in the Philippines, in Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 15 CCOP Technical Secretariat

19 ANNEXES ANNEX I : LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ANNEX II : SPEECHES ANNEX III : AGENDA ANNEX IV : CCOP PROGRESS REPORT ANNEX V : MEMBER COUNTRIES REPORTS Country Report of CAMBODIA Country Report of CHINA Country Report of INDONESIA Country Report of JAPAN Country Report of THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA Country Report of MALAYSIA Country Report of PAPUA NEW GUINEA Country Report of THE PHILIPPINES Country Report of THAILAND Country Report of VIETNAM ANNEX VI : COOPERATING COUNTRIES AND ORGANIZATIONS REPORTS Country Report of AUSTRALIA Country Report of BELGIUM Country Report of CANADA Country Report of GERMANY Country Report of THE NETHERLANDS Country Report of NORWAY Country Report of SWEDEN Country Report of UNITED KINGDOM Country Report of UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Organization Report of ASCOPE Organization Report of CPC Organization Report of GETECH Organization Report of IUGS Organization Report of PETRAD ANNEX VII : CCOP WORKPLAN FOR 2007 ANNEX VIII : REPORT OF THE ADVISORY GROUP MEETING ANNEX IX : IYPE ANNEX X : ASSISTANCE REQUESTED BY CCOP MEMBER COUNTRIES

20 ANNEX I COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea MEMBER COUNTRIES : LIST OF PARTICIPANTS CAMBODIA Mr. Sieng Sotham (Head of Delegation) Deputy Permanent Representative of Cambodia to CCOP Director, Department of Geology General Department of Mineral Resources (GDMR) Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME) #13, Street 307, Sangkat Boeng Kak II Khan Tuol Kork, Phnom Penh Cambodia Tel: (855-12) , (855-16) Fax: (855-23) , (855-23) geodept@online.com.kh CHINA Prof. Dr. Zhang Hongtao (Head of Delegation) Permanent Representative of China to CCOP Deputy Director General China Geological Survey (CGS) No. 24, Huangsi Dajie, Xicheng District Beiijng , People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) , Fax: (86-10) zhongtao@mail.cgs.gov.cn Mr. Ma Yongzheng Deputy Permanent Representative of China to CCOP Deputy Division Director, Department of International Cooperation, Science and Technology Ministry of Land and Resource (MLR) No. 64, Funei Street, Xicheng District Beijing , People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) Fax: (86-10) , yzma@mail.mlr.gov.cn ma_yzh@yahoo.com Prof. Dai Jinye Vice-president Exploration & Production Research Institute China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation 31 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) Fax: (86-10) daijinye@pepris..com Dr. He Qingcheng Deputy Chief Geologist China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring China Geological Survey (CGS) 20 Dahuisi, Haidian District, Beiijng People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) Fax: (86-10) heqc@mail.cigem.gov.cn Prof. Zhou Yongqing Deputy Director Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology 62 Fuzhou Road, Qingdao Shandong Province People s Republic of China Tel: (86-532) Fax: (86-532) yqzhou@ net Dr. Wu Nengyou Deputy Chief Geologist Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey China Geological Survey 477 Huanshidong R., Guangzhou Guangdong Province People s Republic of China Tel: (86-20) Fax: (86-20) wunengyou@gmgs.com.cn Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 19 CCOP Technical Secretariat

21 Dr. Zhang Minghua Director, Department of Database Center Development and Research Center China Geological Survey 40 College Road, Beijing People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) Fax: (86-10) zminghua@mail.cgs.gov.cn Dr. Li Yuxi Development Strategy Division Strategic Research Center for Oil & Gas Resources Ministry of Land and Resources No. 88, Funei Street, West District Beijing , People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) Fax: (86-10) liiyuxi@163.com Mr. Yang Nengyu Deputy Director Exploration and Production Cooperation PetroChina Co., Ltd. Beijing , People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) Fax: (86-10) ywy@petrochina.com.cn Mr. Xing Gong Manager Standardization & Technical Communication Science & Technology Development Division China National Offshore Oil Corporation No. 25, Bei Dajie, Chaoyangmen, Dongcheng District Beijing , People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) Fax: (86-10) xinggong@cnooc.com.cn Mr. Fu Xiaokang Deputy Director Department of International Cooperation China United Coalbed Methane Corp., Ltd. No. A88, Anwai Avenue, Beijing People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) Fax: (86-10) , xkfu@163.com Mr. Li Qingping Chief Engineer of Deepwater Engineering Division Technology Research Department China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) 25 th Floor, Jingxin Building, No. Jia2, Dongsanhuan Bei Road, Chaoyang District Beijing , People s Republic of China Tel: (86-10) Fax: (86-10) liqp@cnooc.com.cn INDONESIA Dr. Ir. Djadjang Sukarna (Head of Delegation) Director, Geological Survey Institute Department of Energy and Mineral Resources Jl. Diponegoro 57, Bandung Indonesia Tel: (62-22) Fax: (62-22) jajangsukarna@hotmail.com grdc@grdc.esdm.qo.id Mr. Bargoer S. Hasan Chief of Geologist Geological Survey Institute Jl. Diponegoro 57, Bandung Indonesia Tel: (62-22) Fax: (62-22) Mr. Bandriyo Subandriyo Chief of Merapi Volcany Section Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Jl. Diponegoro No. 57, Bandung Indonesia Tel: (62-22) Fax: (62-22) subandriyo@lycos.com Dr. Ir. Hadi Purnomo Director Research and Development Center for Oil and Gas Technology LEMIGAS Jl. Ciledug Raya, Kav. 109 Jakarta Selatan 12230, Indonesia Tel: (62-21) Fax: (62-21) kapus@lemigas.esdm.go.id Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 20 CCOP Technical Secretariat

22 Mr. Panca Wahyudi Sukarno Head of Drilling Research Group Research and Development Center for Oil and Gas Technology Jl. Ciledug Raya Kav. 109, Cipulir Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan Indonesia Tel: (62-21) Fax: (62-21) Dr. Ir. Bambang Setiawan Director, Directorate of Program Supervision Directorate General of Mineral, Coal and Geothermal Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Jl. Prof. Dr. Supomo S.H. No. 10 Jakarta Selatan 12870, Indonesia Tel: (62-21) Fax: (62-21) Mr. Rudy Ryacudu Manager of Domestic New Venture Upstream Business Development PERTAMINA, Upstream Directorate Pertamina Kwarnas Building, 12 th Floor Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 6 Jakarta 10110, Indonesia Tel: (62-21) Fax: (62-21) ryacudu@pertamina.com Mr. Suryadi Oemar Partnership Development Manager PERTAMINA Kantor Pusat, Gd. Promuka Kwarnas Lt.10 Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur No. 6 Jakarta 10110, Indonesia Tel: (62-21) Ext Fax: (62-21) suryamar@pertamina.com Mr. Noor Cahyono Sardjono Exploration Manager P.T. Timah Jl. Medan Merdeka No. 15 Jakarta, Indonesia Tel: (62-21) Fax: (62-717) Ext noor@zircon.timah.co.id Mr. Zul Ichwan Education & Training Development Division Education Training Agency for Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Pusdikiat TMB Building 5-1 Floor, Jalan Jend. Sudirman No. 623 Bandung 40211, Indonesia Tel: (62-22) Ext. 138 Fax: (62-22) zulichwan@plaza.com JAPAN Dr. Eikichi Tsukuda (Head of Delegation) Chairman, CCOP Steering Committee Deputy Permanent Representative of Japan to CCOP Director-General and Research Coordinator Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Umezono, AIST Central 2, Tsukuba Ibaraki, , Japan Tel: (81-29) Fax: (81-29) e-tsukuda@aist.go.jp Dr. Chikao Kurimoto Director, Geo-information Center Geological Survey of Japan / AIST Higashi 1-1-1, AIST Central 7, Tsukuba Ibaraki, , Japan Tel: (81-29) Fax: (81-29) kurimoto-chikao@aist.go.jp Mr. Satoshi Sekiguchi Director Grid Technolgoy Research Center (GTRC) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology (AIST) Umezono, AIST Central 2 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, , Japan Tel: (81-3) Fax: (81-29) sekiguchi@m.aist.go.jp Dr. Satoshi Murao Assistant Director Geological Survey Planning and Coordinating Office Geological Survey of Japan / AIST Higashi 1-1-1, AIST Central 7, Tsukuba Ibaraki, , Japan Tel: (81-29) Fax: (81-29) s.murao@aist.go.jp Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 21 CCOP Technical Secretariat

23 Dr. Yoshihisa Okuda Principal Research Scientist Institute of Geo-Resources and Environment Geological Survey of Japan / AIST Higashi 1-1-1, AIST Central 7, Tsukuba Ibaraki, , Japan Tel: (81-29) Fax: (81-29) okuda.gsj@aist.go.jp Dr. Yuichiro Suzuki Senior Coal Geologist Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment Geological Survey of Japan / AIST Higashi 1-1-1, AIST Central 7, Tsukuba Ibaraki, , Japan Tel: (81-29) Fax: (81-29) yu-suzuki@aist.go.jp Ms. Hikariko Ono Senior Coordinator, Global Issues Cooperation Division International Cooperation Bureau Ministry of Foreign Affairs Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo , Japan Tel: (81-03) Fax: (81-03) hikariko.ono@mofa.jp Dr. Seiji Suzuki Professor (Anthropology) Faculty of Art Tezukayama Gakuin University Osaka-Sayama, Japan Tel: (81-72) Fax: (81-72) suzuki@lit.tezuka-gu.ac.jp Dr. Shinji Tsukawaki Associate Professor of Sedimentology c/o General Education Hall, Kanazawa University Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa Japan Tel: (81-76) Fax: (81-76) tukawaki@t.kanazawa-u.ac.jp KOREA Dr. Tai-Sup Lee (Head of Delegation) Permanent Representative of Korea to CCOP President, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) tslee@kigam.re.kr Dr. Won-Gul Lee Vice Minister for Energy Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy 3 Joongang-dong Gwacheon-si Gyeonggi-do, , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-2) Fax: (82-2) Mr. Sung-Hyo Park Mayor of Daejeon City 70 Hyangchongil (1420 Dunsan-dong) Seo-gu , Daejeon Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) secretary@metro.daejeon.kr Dr. Jung-Ho Lee Deputy Director Energy & Mineral Resources Development Policy Div. Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy 3 Joongang-dong Gwacheon-si Gyeonggi-do, , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-2) Fax: (82-2) indy56@mocie.go.kr Dr. Seong-Cheon Shin Vice President Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) scshin@kigam.re.kr Dr. Sung-Rok Lee Director, Planning and Management Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) srlee@kigam.re.kr Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 22 CCOP Technical Secretariat

24 Dr. Hee-Young Shin Director, International Cooperation and Public Relation Office Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Bok-Chul Kim Director, Geology & Geoinformation Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Yoon-Ho Song Director, Groundwater & Geothermal Resources Group Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Ju-Yong Kim Director, Geological & Environmental Hazards Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Ho-Young Lee Director, Petroleum & Marine Resources Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Kwang-Eun Kim Director, Policy Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Ms. Yoon-Hee Ahn Administrator, International Cooperation Office Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Ms. Ha-Young Noh Administrator, International Cooperation Office Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Mr. Min-Je Kim Administrator, International Cooperation Office Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Mr. Hee-Soo Kim Administrator, International Cooperation Office Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Dae-Gee Huh Principal Researcher Petroleum & Marine Resources Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Young-Soo Park Principal Researcher Petroleum & Marine Resources Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 23 CCOP Technical Secretariat

25 Dr. Keun-Pil Park Director, Gas Hydrate R&D Organization Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Jae-Hwa Jin Marine Geology and Global Change Group Leader Petroleum & Marine Resources Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Young-In Kwon Principal Researcher Petroleum & Marine Resources Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Jang-Jun Park Senior Researcher Petroleum & Marine Resources Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Yi-Kyun Kwon Senior Researcher Petroleum & Marine Resources Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Hee-Jae Koh Senior Researcher Geology & Geoinformation Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Jae-Hyung Lee Senior Researcher Petroleum & Marine Resources Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Seok-Whan Park Geology & Geoinformation Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Yongje Kim Senior Researcher Groundwater & Geothermal Resources Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Dr. Sang-Mo Koh Principal Geologist Geology and Geoinformation Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources 30 Gajeong-dong, Yuseong-gu Daejeon , Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) Prof. Gwang-Hoon Lee Professor of Environment Exploration Engineering Pukyung National University 599-1, Daeyeon 3-Dong, Nam-Gu Busan, Republic of Korea Tel: (82-51) Fax: (82-51) Prof. Jung-Moo Byun Professor of College of Engineering Hanyang University 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Tel: (82-2) Fax: (82-2) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 24 CCOP Technical Secretariat

26 Dr. Seung-Cheol Park Director Gas Hydrates R&D Organization 30 Gajung-Dong, Yusong-Gu, Daejeon Republic of Korea Tel: (82-42) Fax: (82-42) MALAYSIA Mr. Yunus Abd Razak (Head of Delegation) Permanent Representative of Malaysia to CCOP Director-General Minerals and Geoscience Department 20 th Floor, Tabung haji Building Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel: (603) Fax: (603) Mr. Nizarulikram Bin Abdul Rahim Senior Geologist Minerals and Geoscience Department 21 st Floor, Tabung haji Building Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel: (603) Fax: (603) Mr. Effendy Cheng Abdullah General Manager Petroleum Resource Assessment and Marketing Petroleum Management Unit, PETRONAS Level 22, Tower 2, Petronas Twin Towers KLCC, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: (603) Fax: (603) Mr. Nordin Ramli Senior Manager, PSC Exploration Management Petroleum Resource Assessment and Marketing Petroleum Management Unit, PETRONAS Level 22, Tower 2, Petronas Twin Towers Kuala Lumpur City Centre, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Tel: (603) , Fax: (603) PAPUA NEW GUINEA Mr. Gabriel Kepe Kuna (Head of Delegation) Acting Director Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea Department of Mining Private Mail Bag, Port Moresby Post Office National Capital District Papua New Guinea Tel: (675) Fax: (675) PHILIPPINES Dr. Sevillo David Jr. (Head of Delegation) Chief, Planning and Policy Division Mine and Geosciences Bureau Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) North Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1104 Republic of the Philippines Tel: (63-2) Fax: (63-2) Mr. Restituto G. Taganas Jr. Assistant Director Energy Resource Development Bureau Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Center, Merritt Road, Fort Bonifacio Taguig 1634, Republic of the Philippines Tel & Fax: (63-2) THAILAND Ms. Somkid Buapeng (Head of Delegation) Acting Permanent Representative of Thailand to CCOP Acting Director-General Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: (66-0) Fax: (66-0) c/o : somkid@dmr.go.th Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 25 CCOP Technical Secretariat

27 Mr. Samai Chiemchindaratana Deputy Permanent Representative of Thailand to CCOP Deputy Director-General Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: (66-0) Fax: (66-0) Mr. Pitaks Ratanajaruraks Director, Geological Resource Conservation and Management Division Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: (66-2) Fax: (66-2) Dr. Sommai Techawan Senior Geologist, Chief of Foreign Affairs Section Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: (66-2) Fax: (66-2) Mr. Surapol Krishnamra Senior Policy and Planning Officer Office of Marine and Coastal Resources Conservation Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 92, Phaholyothin Road, Soi 7, Samsen-nai Phayathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: (66-2) Fax: (66-2) Mr. Chote Trachu Director Bureau of Groundwater Conservation and Rehabilitation Department of Groundwater Resources (DGR) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: (66-0) Fax: (66-0) Mr. Chaiyong Khongkhaudom Senior Geologist Department of Groundwater Resources (DGR) Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: (66-0) Fax: (66-0) Dr. Boonrasri Tongpenyai Director, Bureau of Technical Affairs Department of Mineral Fuels (DMF) Ministry of Energy 1010, 25 th Floor, Shinawatra Tower 3 Viphavadee Rangsit Road, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand Tel: (66-0) , Fax: (66-0) boonrasi@dmf.go.th Mr. Wuttipong Kongphetsak Senior Geologist Department of Mineral Fuels (DMF) Ministry of Energy 1010, 24 th Floor, Shinawatra Tower 3 Viphavadee Rangsit Road, Chatuchak Bangkok 10900, Thailand Tel: (66-0) Fax: (66-0) wuttipong@dmf.go.th Dr. Cherdchinda Chotiyaputta Expert, Marine and Coastal Resources Management Department of Marine and Coastal Resources Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment 92, Phaholyothin Road Soi 7, Phayathai Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: (66-0) Fax: (66-0) cherdch@hotmail.com VIETNAM Mr. Nguyen Dang Lieu (Head of Delegation) Vice Permanent Representative of to CCOP Vice President of Petrovietnam Oil and Gas Corporation PETROVIETNAM 22 Ngo Quyen Street, Hanoi Socialist Republic of Tel: (84-4) Fax: (84-4) pns@hn.vnn.vn Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 26 CCOP Technical Secretariat

28 Dr. Nguyen Thanh Van Deputy Director General Department of Geology and Minerals of 6 Pham Ngu Lao, Hanoi Socialist Republic of Tel: (84-4) Fax: (84-4) nguyenthanhvan@dgmv.gov.vn Dr. Nguyen Huy Quy Deputy General Manager, Science and Technology, Oil and Gas Cooperation PETROVIETNAM 22 Ngo Quyen Street, Hanoi Socialist Republic of Tel: (84-4) Fax: (84-4) nhquy@hn.pv.com.vn Mr. Pham Tuan Viet Senior Officer, International Cooperation Division Oil and Gas Corporation PETROVIETNAM 22 Ngo Quyen Street, Hanoi Socialist Republic of Tel: (84-4) , Ext. 304 Fax: (84-4) ptviet_htgtqhn@pv.com.vn Mr. Nguyen Xuan Nhu Senior Export Oil and Gas Department Office of the Government of No.1 Hoang Hoa Tham, Hanoi Socialist Republic of Tel: (84-4) Fax: (84-4) nhunx@oog.gov.vn Mr. Dang Ngoc Tran Hydro-geologist (DGMV) Department of Geology and Minerals of 6 Pham Ngu Lao, Hanoi Socialist Republic of Tel: (84-4) Fax: (84-4) trandn@dgmv.gov.vn COOPERATING COUNTRIES : BELGIUM Prof. Dr. Ir. Lon Dejonghe (Head of Delegation) Representative of Belgium to CCOP Geologist Director, International Cooperation Geological Survey of Belgium Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences 13 Jenner Street, B-1000 Brussels Belgium Tel: (32-2) (DL), Fax: (32-2) leon.dejonghe@naturalsciences.be CANADA Dr. Ralph G. Currie (Head of Delegation) Representative of Canada to CCOP Head, Pacific Geoscience Centre Geological Survey of Canada 9860 West Saauich Road P.O. Box 6000, Sidney B.C. V8L 4B2, Canada Tel: (1-250) Fax: (1-250) rcurrie@nrcan.gc.ca DENMARK Mr. Ioannis Abatzis (Head of Delegation) Representative of Denmark to CCOP Senior Research Geophysicist Interactive Interpretation, Section Leader Department of Geophysics Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel: (45-38) Fax: (45-38) ia@geus.dk GERMANY Dr. Hermann-Rudolf Kudrass (Head of Delegation) Director and Professor, Head of Division B3 Geophysics, Marine and Polar Research Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) Post Box , Stilleweg 2 D Hannover, Germany Tel: (49-511) Fax: (49-511) kudrass@bgr.de Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 27 CCOP Technical Secretariat

29 JAPAN (see Member Country) THE NETHERLANDS Dr. Joseph L.J. de Sonneville (Head of Delegation) Representative of The Netherlands to CCOP Director, International Cooperation TNO Water Business Centre Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience TNO - Environment and Geosciences Princetonlaan 6, P.O. Box TA Utrecht, The Netherlands Tel: (31-30) Fax: (31-30) jos.desonneville@tno.nl NORWAY Mr. Erling Kvadsheim (Head of Delegation) Representative of Norway to CCOP Project Coordinator Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) Professor Olav Hanssens vei 10 P.O. Box 600, NO-4003 Stavanger Norway Tel: (47-51) Fax: (47-51) erling.kvadsheim@npd.no UNITED KINGDOM Dr. David C. Ovadia (Head of Delegation) Representative of the United Kingdom to CCOP Director of International Division British Geological Survey (BGS) Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG United Kingdom Tel: (44-115) Fax: (44-115) dco@bgs.ac.uk HONORARY ADVISERS : Dr. David B. Prior Chairman, CCOP Advisory Group Honorary Adviser Executive Vice President and Provost Texas A&M University 1248 TAMU, College Station Texas , U.S.A. Tel: (1-979) Fax: (1-979) dprior@tamu.edu Dr. Yoshihiko Shimazaki Honorary Adviser to CCOP Adviser Geological Survey of Japan Nishiazabu, Minato-ku Tokyo , Japan Tel: (81-3) Fax: (81-3) shim-y@giga.oon.ns.jp Dr. Anthony J. Reedman Honorary Adviser to CCOP Secretary of Forum of Directors of European Geological Surveys (FOREGS) 15 Malvern Road, Mapperley Nottingham NG3 5GZ, United Kingdom Tel: (44-115) Fax: (44-115) antony@areedman.wanadoo.co.uk Dr. Maurice J. Terman Honorary Adviser to CCOP President, International Division Geological Society of America 616 Poplar Drive, Falls Church VA 22046, U.S.A. Tel: (1-703) Fax: (1-703) ric@terman.us Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 28 CCOP Technical Secretariat

30 COOPERATING ORGANIZATIONS : ASCOPE Mr. Zainal Abidin Matassan (Head of Delegation) Secretary-in-Charge Asean Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE) Level 45, Tower 1, Petronas Twin Towers Kuala Lumpur City Centre Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: (603) Fax: (603) matassan@petronas.com.my CIFEG Mr. François Pinard (Head of Delegation) Managing Director International Center for Training and Exchanges in the Geosciences (CIFEG) 3, avenue Claude Guillemin B.P , Orléans Cedex 2 France Tel: (33-2) Fax: (33-2) f.pinard@cifeg.org GETECH Dr. J. Derek Fairhead (Head of Delegation) Professor of Applied Geophysics Managing Director Geophysical Exploration Technology (GETECH) School of Earth Sciences University of Leeds, Leeds LS 2 9JT United Kingdom Tel: (44-113) (DL), Fax: (44-113) jdf@getech.com IUGS Ms. Joy Jacqueline Pereira (Head of Delegation) Chairman, IUGS Commission on Geoscience for Environmental Management (GEM) Lestari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Tel: (603) Fax: (603) pereirajoy@yahoo.com PETRAD Dr. Øystein Berg (Head of Delegation) Managing Director International Programme for Petroleum Management and Administration, PETRAD Prof. Olav Hanssens vei 10 P.O. Box 600, 4003 Stavanger Norway Tel: (47-51) Fax: (47-51) oystein.berg@petrad.no OBSERVERS : Dr. Petri Lintinen Section Manager Geological Survey of Finland (GSF) Betonimiehenkuja 4, ESPOO Finland Tel: (35-8) Fax: (35-8) petri.lintinen@gtk.fi Dr. Philipp Schmidt-Thomé Project Manager Geological Survey of Finland (GSF) Betonimiehenkuja 4, ESPOO Finland Tel: (35-8) Fax: (35-8) philipp.schmidt-thome@gtk.fi Dr. Sahng-Yup Kim Senior Consultant Sun Shin Exploration & Mining Co., Ltd. Suite 401, IQ Box Building , Non Hyun-dong, Kangnam-gu Seoul, Republic of Korea Tel: (82-2) Fax: (82-2) sahngyup@hanafos.com Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 CCOP Technical Secretariat

31 CCOP TECHNICAL SECRETARIAT : Mr. Chen Shick Pei Director spchen@ccop.or.th Mr. Niran Chaimanee GeoEnvironment Sector Manager niranch@ccop.or.th Mr. Simplicio P. Caluyong PPM Regional Project Coordinator sim@ccop.or.th Mr. Liu Liqun ICB-CCOP 1 Project Coordinator liu@ccop.or.th Mrs. Marivic P. Uzarraga GeoInformation Sector Manager vic@ccop.or.th Mr. Anan Voratarntrakul Finance and Administration anan@ccop.or.th Ms. Petcharat Sarawisutra Technical Programme fern@ccop.or.th Mrs. Sunit Prokati Publication and Documentation sunit@ccop.or.th CCOP Technical Secretariat 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) Fax: (66) ccopts@ccop.or.th Website: Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 30 CCOP Technical Secretariat

32 ANNEX II OPENING ADDRESS by Mr. Won-Gul Lee Vice Minister for Energy Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) at the Opening Ceremony of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 30 October 2006 Daejeon, Korea Dr. Eikichi Tsukuda, CCOP Steering Committee Chairperson Dr. David Prior, Chairperson of CCOP Advisory Group Mr. Chen Shick Pei, Director of CCOP Technical Secretariat, and distinguished delegations, We warmly welcome your visits to Korea. I thank our host Dr. Tai Sup Lee, President of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), and staff members for their sacrifice and efforts to prepare for this Annual Session meeting. It is momentous 40 th year of CCOP, and it is glorious to hold the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session and the 48 th Steering Committee in Daejeon, Korea. Before I speak any further, I would like to take this opportunity to express my sympathies to some of our member countries which are having difficulties with earthquakes, tsunami, landslides, and volcano explosions. Today, the international community competes and cooperates without boarder under the theme of sustainable energy developments. It is meaningful to have such a conference with many experts in East and Southeast Asian region for the development and protect Georesources, considering that rather it is essential assignments to resolve for the survival of the mankind. I admire the efforts and passions of 11 member countries and 14 cooperating countries, and the result of the CCOP achievements, for this organization which has been maintained and improved for 40 years even when the time we lacked the consensus of the importance of Georesources and environment. Your honorable distinguished guests, Today, we recognize the crisis of natural resources and climate changes such as green house effects, threaten the future of human kinds. Now, it is the time when we expand our expectations on you, Geo-science experts, for incorporation of international vital cooperating structure for resolving difficult assignments that we are facing today. We can take a step toward by securing future energy resources together with collaborating research. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 31 CCOP Technical Secretariat

33 On behalf of the Korean government, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to CCOP's progressive achievements of geoscience researches and developments of those. Since 1966, the Korean government realized the need for the collaborating research programs in the East and Southeast Asian region. Korea co-established CCOP with China, Japan, and Philippines. Up to now, we have dispatched a director of CCOP technical secretariat, and have fulfilled the role of treasury supporter. Korea will plan to be more active supporter to the CCOP, and that establishes intra-structure of industry, corporations, and academia, relating energy, Geo-resource, and environment for CCOP's Korean Steering Committee for more qualified research projects. This "Daedok innopolis" in Daejeon has many highly valued specialized science institutes, and therefore, it is the founding stone for the future of Korean science. As you may know, Daejeon is famous for "science". However, this city also has supreme reputation for very beautiful scenery such as Mountains and Rivers. There is Kum-River flowing not far from here, outstanding maple trees in Kaeryong National Park at this time, and great ancient Buddhist temples offer beautiful Autumn mood. You can also feel the Korean traditional culture by the historical sites in the vicinity. I, certainly, hope this year's conference carves your remembrances with great memories. Finally, I would like to thank once again our host Dr. Tai-Sup Lee, President of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, and staff members for their sacrifice and efforts to prepare for this Annual Session meeting. Thank you very much. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 32 CCOP Technical Secretariat

34 WELCOME ADDRESS by Dr. Eikichi Tsukuda, Chairman, CCOP Steering Committee at the Opening Ceremony of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 30 October 2006 Daejeon, Korea Your Excellency Mr. Won-Gul Lee, Vice Minister for Energy, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) Honorable Guests, Dr. Tai-Sup Lee, Permanent Representative of Korea to CCOP, President of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Dr. David Prior, Chairperson of CCOP Advisory Group, Executive Vice President and Provost of the Texas A&M University, Mr. Chen Shick Pei, Director of the CCOP Technical Secretariat, Distinguished Delegates, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a great honor and pleasure for me to be given this opportunity to say a few words on this auspicious and memorable occasion. I am very grateful to His Excellency Mr. Won-Gul Lee for the kind and encouraging keynote address, we will certainly bear your words in mind during our discussions, thank you very much. This is a particularly auspicious occasion as I note that this year marks the thirtieth anniversary of our host KIGAM. Here I wish to congratulate the past and present directors general and the staff members of KIGAM for the magnificent work carried out and accomplished during the past thirty years and I am sure that all present here this morning would agree with me. Not to mention that we are very grateful to the KIGAM staff for graciously hosting this annual session this year. Another reason for the celebration is, of course, the fortieth anniversary of CCOP this year. The multinational cooperative projects carried out by CCOP during the past forty years have contributed to the development of the geosciences and resources of region to an extent incomparable in both the amount and quality of work carried out. I consider myself very fortunate indeed to be a member of this magnificent community. These activities have been chronicled very aptly in the history of CCOP, a book with the title World of Difference which was authored by Dr. Reedman and Dr. Shimazaki and is ready for distribution. This is a very timely publication which we all look forward to read. I notice that great amounts of effort have been expended on this book by the staff of the CCOP Technical Secretariat particularly the painstaking editorial work by Ms. Marivic Pulvera- Uzarraga of the CCOP Technical Secretariat which was superbly carried out. The book is the manifestation of these efforts by Director Chen, Ms. Marivic and all the staff of the Technical Secretariat as well as the authors. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 33 CCOP Technical Secretariat

35 The tremendous recent progress of information technology has enabled us to access to enormous amount of extremely diverse geoscientific information regarding every part of the world. CCOP has the potential to fully utilize these data and contribute timely in solving various social problems including natural hazards, environment, resources to name a few. And we geoscientists have the responsibility to recommend effective use of the scientific understanding to the decision makers. These matters have been discussed repeatedly in the past, but there are vast amount of work to be done I wish to make every effort to assist strengthening the Technical Secretariat in this field as a high priority issue. Now, I am very pleased to see that the agenda has been expertly prepared by the technical secretariat in collaboration with KIGAM together with all member and cooperating countries and organizations. It calls for, together with learning of the geoscientific efforts made by the member and cooperating countries and international organizations, discussions and deliberations on the Role of geosciences in geovernance for sustainable development and human security at a Roundtable Dialogue and New energy resources in the CCOP Region at the Thematic Session. These are most urgent subject matters for us, I am sure that we would all learn very much through the discussions and will return home enlightened significantly. Thank you very much. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 34 CCOP Technical Secretariat

36 KEYNOTE ADDRESS by Dr. David B. Prior Chairman, CCOP Advisory Group Texas A&M University at the Opening Ceremony of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 30 October 2006 Daejeon, Korea His Excellency Mr. Won-Gul Lee, Vice Minister for Energy, Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy Dr. Eikichi Tsukuda, Chair of the CCOP Steering Committee, Dr. Tai-Sup Lee, Permanent Representative of Korea to CCOP, Distinguished Delegates and Guests, On the occasion of the opening of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session, I am very pleased to offer a few remarks. As Chairman of the Advisory Group, I represent 14 Cooperating Countries, 14 Cooperating Organizations, and Honorary Advisors from several different countries. First it is my pleasure to join in thanking H.E. Mr. Won-Gul Lee for taking the time from his very busy schedule, and gracing us with his presence here today. We all also very much appreciate the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, KIGAM, for all that it has done to ensure the success of our visit to Korea. For many of us this is not our first visit to the beautiful city of Daejeon and indeed some of us remember with great pleasure the CCOP meeting held here in 1997, nine years ago. We sincerely thank the Government of the Republic of Korea, especially KIGAM for their sponsorship of the meeting.. From the reports at past CCOP meetings and discussions with our Korean colleagues we know very well the important contributions that KIGAM makes to the countries economic development especially in exploring for natural resources and natural hazard reduction. Indeed we all join in congratulating KIGAM as it celebrates its 30 th Anniversary of service to the Republic and People of Korea. On a more personal note it is a particular pleasure to meet again so many of Texas A&M Universities graduates and former students who are members of the KIGAM organization. And on behalf of the Advisory Group I wish to express our sincere appreciation for the welcome that has been prepared and all that has been done to make this meeting a success. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 35 CCOP Technical Secretariat

37 We will, as usual, review the substantial achievements that have been made by CCOP during the past year. And I think you will all agree with me that CCOP has had a very good year. The high level of project activity has been continued and even surpassed previous years. The implementation of the business plan is proceeding very well. The new organization scheme involving the key appointment of Sector Managers is being introduced. It is also most encouraging to see the increasing number of new projects that are being discussed and prepared and several have already received favorable consideration for funding support. The financial status of CCOP is very strong - perhaps even the best it has been in CCOP s history. And talking about history - we eagerly look forward to hearing about the work that our dear colleagues Tony Reedman and Yoshihiko Shimazaki have been completing to celebrate CCOP s 40 th Anniversary. This wonderful cooperation between Member Countries and Cooperating Countries and Organizations has been sustained for an incredible four decades - and Reedman and Shimazaki have compiled a special commemorative volume to capture the essence of this unique international organization that has made so many important scientific and economic contributions. When asked to contribute to this volume I found it necessary to reflect upon the strengths of CCOP that have been the basis of its stated objectives of bringing state-of-the-art geoscience concepts and technologies to resource development, environmental stewardship, hazard mitigation and human resource development in the region. Indeed one of CCOP s many strengths is the clarity of these objectives, organized most recently into the three main Geo-resources, Geo-environment, and Geo-information Sectors. Another major strength continues to be the willingness of the Member Countries and Cooperating Countries to work together and be very successful across national and cultural boundaries. Yet another is the demonstrable impact that myriad CCOP projects have had over the years, in technology transfer, personnel training, and influence on public policy. Another is the dedication, and sheer hard work, of the Secretariat Staff upon who fall the innumerable tasks of implementing meetings, workshops, symposia, publications and data dissemination. CCOP has been very fortunate to have such staff, ably led by successive CCOP Directors. And talking about Directors - on behalf of the Advisory Group I would like to thank CCOP s Director Mr. Chen Shick Pei for his remarkable leadership of CCOP in recent years. This will be his last Annual Meeting as he steps down from two successive terms - a period in which CCOP has prospered under his exceptional wisdom, guidance and expertise. No doubt we will take other opportunities during this meeting to formally and informally say a sincere thank you and wish him well in the future. The special thematic session this year will consider two very important geoscience issues: Gas Hydrates and Coal Bed Methane Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 36 CCOP Technical Secretariat

38 There will be a valuable opportunity to share knowledge, experience, insights, and new discoveries, from international experts from the member countries of Korea, China, Japan, and Thailand as well the Cooperating Countries -Canada, Germany and the USA - on these very important subjects - as they increasingly are expected to contribute the world s energy resources. Indeed the Thematic Session is likely to continue to build on some of the discussions held last year in China on The future need for and use of energy resources Because - as we all know from a natural resource perspective the dramatic increases in oil prices - to more than $70 dollar a barrel in recent months - highlights the continuing need for geosciences research and exploration for energy resources, as well as economic modeling and predictions. With growing world populations, and worldwide needs for natural resources including energy, minerals and water - we must as geoscientists take on the challenges of sustainability of georesources and geoenvironments. Indeed it is this sense of relevance to important geoscience issues - both within the CCOP region and worldwide that brings us all together - for the annual session, the steering committee meetings and the various workshops held throughout the year. We have a shared sense of purpose, and know that people s lives and livelihoods depend on the knowledge we discover, and the success with which we make such information available to governments at local and national levels. The unique CCOP cooperation - between many different countries and organizations, is based upon the conviction that geoscience knowledge and education are keys to a safer and better world. In this spirit I know we are all looking forward to a very informative and interesting meeting, and it is gratifying to see so many old friends, who have traveled so far, gathered together in the beautiful country of Korea. Once again, on behalf of the Advisory Group, I would like to sincerely thank the Government of the Republic of Korea for hosting the 43 rd CCOP Annual Meeting. We are most grateful to our Korean colleagues for their warm welcome and hospitality. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 37 CCOP Technical Secretariat

39 WELCOME ADDRESS by Dr. Tai Sup Lee President Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) at the Opening Ceremony of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 30 October 2006 Daejeon, Korea Your Excellency, Mr. Won-Gul Lee, the Vice Minister of Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE), Dr. Eikichi Tsukuda, CCOP Steering Committee Chairperson, Dr. David Prior, Chairperson of CCOP Advisory Group, Mr. Chen Shick Pei, Director of CCOP Technical Secretariat, Honorable distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, As the Permanent Representative of Korea to CCOP, and on behalf of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), it is a great pleasure for me to welcome you to the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session. My special gratitude goes to those who have traveled long distances to be here. Once Again, it is my personal honor to be with you for this special occasion. This is the fourth time that the Republic of Korea has hosted the CCOP Annual Sessions. In my years with CCOP, I have noticed friendships getting stronger and deeper among the members of CCOP. I am sure that this year's reunion will further strengthen these friendships. Moreover, CCOP Technical Secretariat helped us in preparing this annual session with their experience. Let me take this opportunity to thank Mr. Chen Shick Pei and the staff of CCOP T/S for their help. Ladies and Gentlemen, The CCOP Annual Session has provided the arena for presentation and discussion of cooperating programs among Member Mountries, Cooperating Countries and Organizations. All of us have the strong belief that the session is an important opportunity for reviewing the current programs and discussing the future plans of CCOP. So, I am very proud of this session here that will address the most important issues related to geoscience in our region. Especially in the agenda item 12, we will have a thematic session, called "New Energy Resources in the CCOP Region" with two themes Gas Hydrate & Coalbed Methane. I highly appreciative of the Gas Hydrate R&D Organization (GHDO) for organizing this thematic session. Today, development of new energy sources is one of the most important activities in the world. There are still a number of difficulties to be overcome in these Gas Hydrate & Coalbed Methane research, but I hope this special agenda is the chance to increase understanding of these specific fields and exchange new ideas. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 38 CCOP Technical Secretariat

40 Many world leaders recognize the importance of energy to almost every aspect of our daily lives. I remember one phrase about the emphasis on the importance of energy. The former U.S. President Ronald Reagan's in his presidential candidate acceptance speech at the Republican National Convention, he said, "We have the worst energy shortage in our history, Conservation is desirable, of course. But conservation is not the sole answer to our energy needs. As you know, oil and natural gas and coal offer great potential. We must get to work to produce more energy. It could supply electricity for thousands of industries and millions of jobs and homes. The Geo-energy science is this important." Ladies & Gentlemen, The year 2006 is very meaningful year for both CCOP and KIGAM. Although it is the 30 th anniversary of KIGAM as an independent research institute, we have, in fact, a total of 88 years of history since the Korean Geological Survey Institute was formed in This year is also the 40 th anniversary for CCOP. I would like to extend my sincere congratulations for this joyous moment. I am very happy to be the host of this annual session for the 40 th Anniversary. I wish that all participants shall and enriched their pleasant stays in Korea for both professional and private experiances. Daejeon is not a busy city like Seoul, but Daejeon is considered a city offering a very high quality of life. Because we have a clean environment and convenient systems for enriching lives. Furthermore, though Daejeon is not as famous a tour city as Jeju, it stands as a "Mecca of science" in Korea. I sincerely hope that Daejeon provides the most pleasant reminiscence memories. KIGAM, as the host organization, will do its very best for your convenience during the meetings. Finally, once again I thank the honorable guests and delegations from Member Countries, Cooperating nations and organizations and the distinguished participants for their cooperation and attendance at the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session. Thank you very much. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 39 CCOP Technical Secretariat

41 ANNEX III COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea OPENING CEREMONY ELECTION OF OFFICERS AGENDA ITEM AGENDA 1. ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA 2. CCOP PROGRESS REPORT 3. MEMBER COUNTRIES' PRESENTATIONS 4. COOPERATING COUNTRIES AND ORGANIZATIONS PRESENTATIONS 5. DRAFT CCOP WORKPLAN FOR ADVISORY GROUP MEETING (to be held as a separate meeting) 7. GENERAL CONSULTATIVE MEETING 7.1 Report of the CCOP Advisory Group Meeting 7.2 Consideration of CCOP Workplan for 2007 and interests of Member Countries for new activities 7.3 Statements by Cooperating Countries and Cooperating / Corresponding Organizations on possible future assistance to CCOP in 2007 and Onwards 8. PROPOSED DATES AND VENUES OF THE 44 th CCOP ANNUAL SESSION 9. OTHER MATTERS 9.1. CCOP Contributions to IYPE 9.2. Announcement of EAGER Award 9.3. Others 10. GENERAL REMARKS 11. ROUNDTABLE DIALOGUE: Role of Geoscience in Governance for Sustainable Development and Human Security 12. THEMATIC SESSION ON New Energy Resources in the CCOP Region Gas Hydrates and Coalbed Methane 13. ADOPTION OF THE REPORT CLOSING CEREMONY Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 41 CCOP Technical Secretariat

42 ANNEX IV COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea CCOP PROGRESS REPORT This report covers the period 01 July June I. ADMINISTRATION AND PERSONNEL As of 30 June 2006, the CCOP Technical Secretariat has fourteen personnel, comprising five professional and nine supporting staff. The organization chart of the Technical Secretariat is shown in Figure 1. During the reporting period, Mr. Liu Liqun from SINOPEC China joined the Technical Secretariat to coordinate the DANIDA-supported project, Capacity Building within Geoscience in East and Southeast Asia Project Phase 1 (ICB-CCOP 1) on 1 September Mr. Niran Chaimanee from DMR, Thailand also joined in the position of Regional Expert on 1 April 2006, succeeding Dr. Young-Soo Park of KIGAM, Korea. At the 46 th Steering Committee Meeting held in Beijing, China on September 2005, Japan and Korea have been elected as Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the CCOP Steering Committee Meeting respectively. Dr. Eikichi Tsukuda, Deputy-Permanent Representative of Japan to CCOP, Research Coordinator of the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST succeeded Mr. Somsak Potisat, Permanent Representative of Thailand to CCOP, Director General, Department of Mineral Resources as Chairman of the CCOP Steering Committee Meeting from 1 January December Dr. David Prior, Honorary Adviser, and Dr. Jos de Sonneville, Representative of the Netherlands to CCOP continued their services as Chairman and Vice Chairman respectively of the CCOP Advisory Group. Mr. Jun Niimi succeeded Mr. Yoshinobu Hiraishi as Minister of the Embassy of Japan in Bangkok, and as the Permanent Representative of Japan to CCOP. Mr. Bambang Dwiyanto, head of the newly formed Geological Agency in Indonesia (GAI), succeeded Dr. Simon F. Sembiring, Director General of Mineral, Coal and Geothermal, Indonesia, as the Permanent Representative of Indonesia to CCOP. Mr. Suyartono, Secretary of GAI, Dr. Thamrin Sihite, Head of Planning & Cooperation Bureau Secretariat General of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and Dr. Djadjang Sukarna, Head of Center for Geological Survey were appointed as Deputy Permanent Representatives. Mr. Horacio Ramos resumed his position as the Director of the Mines and Geoscience Bureau of the Philippines and as the Permanent Representative to CCOP, and Mr. Ramon Alan Oca, succeeded Mr. Ranilo Abando from the Department of Energy, Philippines as Deputy Permanent Representative. Dr. Seong-Cheon Shin succeeded Dr. Sang Kyu Lee as the Vice-President of Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, and as the Deputy Permanent Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 43 CCOP Technical Secretariat

43 Representative of Korea to CCOP. Mr. Sieng Sotham, Director of the Department of Geology, General Department of Mineral Resources of Cambodia, succeeded Mr. Chrea Vichett as the Deputy Permanent Representative of Cambodia to CCOP. Mr. James Wanjik succeeded Mr. Stevie Nion as Secretary of the Department of Mining, Papua New Guinea (PNG), and as the Permanent Representative of PNG to CCOP. Mr. Yunus Abdul Razak has succeeded Dr. Chu Ling Heng as the Director General of the Minerals and Geoscience Department, Malaysia. H.E. Mr. Sok Leng succeeded H.E. Mr. Sov Chivkun as Director-General of the General Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy, Cambodia. We would like to extend our warmest congratulations to Mr. Yunus and H.E. Mr. Sok Leng for the appointment to the important and prestigious positions. On behalf of CCOP, we would also like to thank Mr. Somsak Potisat for his outstanding service as Chairman of CCOP Steering Committee for , Dr Chu Ling Heng, Dr. Simon Sembiring, Mr. Jeremias Dolino, Mr. Yoshinobu Hiraishi and Mr. Stevie Nion for their distinguished service as Permanent Representative to CCOP and their valuable contributions to CCOP in the past years. Prof. Dr. -Ing. Friedrich-W. Wellmer, Representative of Germany to CCOP and President of the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources has retired. His successor is Prof. Bernhard Stribrny. Dr. Lars Persson succeeded Dr. Naz Ahmed Shaikh as Director of the Geological Survey of Sweden and Representative of Sweden to CCOP. Mr. Erling Kvadsheim succeeded Mr. Øystein Kristiansen as Representative of Norway to CCOP. CCOP conveys its thanks to the Advisory Group for its attendance and participation at the 42 nd Annual Session in Beijing, China, and its strong support and cooperation with CCOP activities during the year. During the 46 th Steering Committee Meeting, which was held right after the 42 nd Annual Session, the recommendations of the Advisory Group Meeting at the session was endorsed. The Technical Secretariat has taken actions in response to the recommendations. Implementation of the CCOP Business Plan ( ) The 47 th CCOP Steering Committee Meeting held in Krabi, Thailand, March 2006 had approved the Business Plan for The Technical Secretariat had followed closely the strategy, activities and targets contained in the Business Plan since its approval. The Business Plan had guided well the operation of the Technical Secretariat, whereby clear strategies, rationale and targets as well as performance improvement are laid down. For the period January to June 2006, the following are significant developments relating to the Business Plan. The Sector Managers scheme was implemented. Two Sector Managers, for Geo- Environment Sector and Geo-Information Sector will be appointed by 1 September The Sector Manager for Geo-Environment will be re-designated from the incumbent Regional Expert position. The Sector Manager for Geo-Information will be appointed with the promotion of the Manager of the GeoInformation and Geodata Management as approved by the Steering Committee. Recruitment of the Sector Manager for GeoResources has been carried out, and the position is expected to be filled by 16 November During the period, the Sector Managers were engaged in strategizing and planning for the scope of work covered by the Positions, particularly in enhancing marketing of CCOP services and products. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 44 CCOP Technical Secretariat

44 In the Technical Area, a very high level of activities has been carried out. This year 2006 is expected to attain record number of activities, with a total of 23 activities accomplished by the end of June 2006, and a grand total of 49 is expected to be achieved by the end of the year. In enhancing performance, work processes are being documented, and they are being reviewed to achieve greater effectiveness. GIS training has been conducted for the Staff of the Technical Secretariat, and additional training in use of Project Management, Microsoft Applications and Development of Websites has scheduled to be organized. Planning the development of the Virtual Library is in progress. A demonstration of the system capabilities will be shown during the Steering Committee Meeting. It is envisaged that all other related databases such as SANGIS, GRIDNET, Metadata of Geological Maps, and Groundwater and Geothermal Databases will either be integrated or linked. Good financial performance has been recorded during the period. With the support and cooperation of the Member Countries, a very substantial part of the arrears of Member Countries contributions has been cleared, notably Korea and Indonesia. Ending June 30, arrears amounting to USD 180,000 has been collected and current year s contribution amounting to USD 195,000 has also been received. Very healthy income has been generated from management of CCOP projects, seminars and activities. During January to June, a total amount of USD 92,900 were earned. TARGETS OF CCOP BUSINESS PLAN Targets Achieved (June 2006) Total Expected Dec HRD & Institutional Capacity Bldg TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES 3 Sectors and 7 Programmes: Greater Flow of Info, Share & Exchange Such Info. a) PUBLICATIONS GeoResources GeoEnvironment GeoInformation b) COMMUNICATIONS Increase internet speed from 128 kbps 1mbps c) DATABASES - metadata base of geological maps Complete - Natural Gas metadata base (Post PPM under planning Project) d) Knowledge Management - Post PPM Project, undiscovered petroleum under planning resources, gas development, health, safety & environment - Capturing and use of existing knowledge, and enhancement of knowledge. - Organization, storage, and retrieval. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 45 CCOP Technical Secretariat

45 TARGETS OF CCOP BUSINESS PLAN Targets e) Access to Information - virtual library (VL) scanning of document, storage, retrieval and update Achieved (June 2006) under development - GRIDNET Integrated / linked with VL 3. Enhanced Coordination a) 2 Steering Committee Meetings March 47SC, 29-31, March 2006 October Expected Dec SC, 3-5, Nov 2006 b) 1 Annual Session October 43AS, 30 Oct - 3 Nov 2006 c) Participation in other meetings 8 13 d) Sectoral Expert Groups > 3 e) Regional Dimension of bilateral projects f) Regional Dialog on geoscience role in governance and human security 4. Financial Targets Cambodia GW PNG Tsunami a) MC contributions encourage MC early remittances 2006 Project proposed 1 43 AS, 2 Nov 2006 Clearing of arrears (i) Income from MC Contributions (2006) $ $ 170,000 * $ 125,000 (ii) Arrears $ 311,099 $ 153,780 ** $ 157,319 b) Project Management $ 125,000 $ 92,900 $ 78,500 c) Budget Increase < 5% annually, except for extraordinary items Extraordinary 3 Sector Managers d) Cash Balance > 1 x current year budget $ 593,007 $ 713,800 e) Forex Monitor forex fluctuations f) Management fees to carry out review and decide % g) Secured investment CAF to investigate 5. Performance improvement a) Document and re-engineer processes - technical activities First draft for major processes in T/S achieved - financial process - publication procedure - management of website b) Greater use of IT for above 6. Organization Review 2007 budget for it prepared * already received after 30 June 2006 from Indonesia: $ 25,000 ** already received after 30 June 2006 from: Indonesia $ 50,000 Philippines $ 8,015 $ 58,015 Processess to be reviewed and improved Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 46 CCOP Technical Secretariat

46 CCOP Technical Secretariat OPERATIONAL ORGANIZATION CHART (Till end August 2006) DIRECTOR Secretary Project Coordinators Regional Expert Finance & Admin. Technical Programmes Geodata & Info. Management Publication & Documentation Chief Assistant Clerk/Driver Office Helper Manager Assistant IT Associate Expert Assistant Manager Professional Staff Mr. Chen Shick Pei, Malaysia Director Mr. Niran Chaimanee, Thailand Regional Expert (GeoEnvironament Sector Manger) Ms. Marivic P. Uzarraga, Philippines IT and Database Manager Mr. Simplicio Caluyong, Philippines PPM Project Coordinator Mr. Liu Liqun, China ICB-CCOP 1 Project Coordinator Supporting Staff Mr. Anan Voratamtrakul Finance and Administration Ms. Petcharat Sarawisutra Technical Programmes Ms. Sunit Prokati Publication and Documentation Mr. Piyawatchara Pramalnrut Assistant in IT Ms. Sansanee Wudthivanich Secretary Ms. Wanwisa Meengoen Assistant in Finance Ms. Peerada Srisomboon Assistant in Technical Programmes Mr. Theerayan Thimasarn Clerk/Driver Ms. Tavee Bootkaew Office Helper (As of June 2006 the composition of the Secretariat's workforce include 5 full-time professional stafff and 9 support personnel, totalling 14) Figure 1. CCOP Technical Secretariat Organization Chart Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 47 CCOP Technical Secretariat

47 II. FINANCE (Ending 31 Dec 2005, and 1 January 30 June 2006) At the end of 31 December 2005, total income for the year 2005 was USD 369, In addition to Member Countries contributions, amounting to USD 190,366.91, the Technical Secretariat also earned USD 160, from the management of projects during the period. The amount of USD 13, was received from other incomes which included interest earned, sale of publications, and miscellaneous incomes. Gain on exchange translation from fund transfer amounted to USD 4, The expenditure of USD 371, was incurred for operation and administrative support. As of December 31, 2005, the CCOP General Fund registered a cash balance of USD 326, From January 1 to June 30, 2006, Member Countries total cash contributions amounted to USD 323,780.47, of which USD 88,000 and USD 65, were for the arrears of 2004 and 2005 respectively, and USD 170,000 were cash contributions for This consisted of contributions for 2004 from Korea (USD 60,000) and partial contribution from China (USD 28,000), contributions for 2005 from Korea (USD 60,000) and partial contribution from The Philippines (USD 5,780.47). The cash contributions for 2006 were also received from Cambodia (USD 5,000), Korea (USD 60,000), Malaysia (USD 50,000), Thailand (USD 40,000) and (USD 15,000). The expected cash contributions from the rest of the Member Countries are USD 125,000 for 2006, USD 110, for 2005 and USD 47,000 for 2004 (Table 1). In addition to Member Countries contributions, the amount of USD 92, was earned from the management of projects during January June 2006 period (Table 2). Other incomes during the period amounted to USD 7, including interest earned, sale of publications, gain(loss) on exchange, and miscellaneous incomes. The total income during the period was USD 423, The expenditure of USD 189, was incurred from operation and administrative support. The cash balance as at end of June 2006 amounted to USD 593, The Financial Reports for the period January December 2005 and January June 2006 audited by Dhamniti Auditing Co., Ltd. are attached. The Technical Secretariat office premise is continuously being provided by the Royal Thai Government, through the kind arrangement of the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, at the 24 th floor of the Thai CC Tower, Sathorn Tai Road, Bangkok, Thailand. This provision amounts to USD 40,662 for the year 2005, and USD 20,331 for January to June The Royal Thai Government through the DMR also accorded the privileges and the cooperation to enable the Technical Secretariat to operate efficiently and effectively. * Additional funds received after June 30 included USD 75,000 from Indonesia comprising USD 50,000 for arrears for 2004 and 2005, and contribution for 2006; and partial contribution from the Philippines USD 8, Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 48 CCOP Technical Secretariat

48 Member Countries Table 1. Cash Contributions of Member Countries for (Ending 30 June 2006) Contribution Received in Contribution Received in Contribution Expected to Receive 2005 Contribution Expected to Receive 2006 Contribution Expected to Receive Cambodia - 5, China 28,000.00* - 22, , , Indonesia ,000.00*** 25,000.00*** 25,000.00*** Japan ** ** Korea 120, , Malaysia - 50, Papua New Guinea , , Philippines 5,780.47* ,902.06*** 40, Singapore Thailand - 40, , Total 153, , , , , * Partial Contribution received ** Contribution made under Contract of Entrustment *** Received after June 2006 Indonesia USD 75, and partial contribution received from The Philippines USD 8, Table 2. Income from Execution and Management of Project and Activity (1 January 30 June 2006) Organized with Activities Country Period Amount (USD) NORAD 8 th Installment NPD to PPM Fund Bangkok, Thailand January, , PETRAD Seminar on Advanced Seismic Analysis Putrajaya Malaysia March 6-8, , DANIDA 2 nd Installment DANIDA Fund, Capacity Building Bangkok Thailand April, , PETRAD Seminar on Deepwater Technology Kota Kinabalu Malaysia May 22-26, , PETRAD Seminar on Drilling Downhole Technology and Well Service Tianjin China June 24-26, , Total 92, Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 49 CCOP Technical Secretariat

49 III. TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND PROJECT SUPPORT Technical support for activities contributing to sustainable geo-resources and environmentally sound development in the CCOP region is being continuously provided by the Cooperating Countries and Organizations as summarized below (Table 3). To optimize the benefits of the programme support by the Cooperating Countries and Organizations, the Member Countries also provided in-kind support. Table 3. Summary of CCOP technical activities with Cooperating Countries and Organizations Cooperating Country/Organization Canada Denmark France Japan Germany The Netherlands Norway Activities Cooperation and support for an Ocean and Coastal Mapping Workshop to Member Countries which is available to MC on bilateral basis. Support of the project Capacity Building in CCOP Countries Project Phase 1 (ICB-CCOP 1) in the petroleum sector. Submitted a project concept on Sustainable Community for Small Scale Mining in East and Southeast Asia. Support to the SANGIS and Asian Multilingual Thesaurus through CIFEG. A new project on European-Asian thesaurus is also being discussed. Five projects are being supported for , 4 with GSJ/AIST and 1 with University of Tokyo. Cooperation and support for the CASM-Asia Project A new project proposal on Human Security and Environmental Protection in Artisanal/Small Scale Mining in East and Southeast Asia submitted to Yamagata U. for support A proposal developed for a groundwater project for Cambodia with regional component involving CCOP. Cooperation / communication through bilateral projects with Member Countries Assisted in seeking funding support for the CCOP Tsunami Project. Support for the Petroleum Policy and Management (PPM) Project Support of the project on TSUNAMI RISK REDUCTION MEASURES WITH FOCUS ON LAND USE AND REHABILITATION Through PETRAD, CCOP organized tailor-made bilateral seminars for the CCOP Member Countries Support for preparation of project document for proposed new project on Enhanced Public Petroleum Management (EPPM) after completion of PPM. Support for preparation of project document for Phase 2, Tsunami Risk Assessment and Mitigation in Southeast Asia. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 50 CCOP Technical Secretariat

50 Cooperating Country/Organization United Kingdom United States of America Asean Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE) Circum Pacific Council Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) United Nations Environment Programme - ISDR International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization (UNESCO) The World Bank Activities Cooperation with GETECH in the production of aeromagnetic and gravity maps Organization of a Workshop with GETECH on integration of data for petroleum exploration being discussed. Assistance in seeking funding support for CCOP S TSUNAMI PROJECT by DFID, and through EUROGEOSURVEYS from the EU Through U.S. Geological Survey, cooperation on the implementation of the Global Mineral Resource Assessment Project (GMRAP) for Southeast Asia Offered seminars on gas-hydrates and coal bed methane for MC on bilateral basis Joint organization of a workshop on Seismic Analysis for Earthquakes under discussion Initiative on Sea Grant model programme for the region with NOAA Texas A & M University made available Fellowships for the Member Countries CCOP s interest in USAID supported Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System Project Maintained close cooperation through jointly organizing seminars, information exchanges for the benefit of the Member Countries. Participation in ASCOPE Joint Committees Meeting to discuss current issues on CCOP and ASCOPE energy programmes. Cooperation on the WGGC Project CPC named CCOP as the international secretariat for the proposed International Energy Conference New initiative on Fueling the Rim and discussion on a project to develop new modules of RIMSIM game for different scenarios Information exchange and discussion, cooperation on technical activities as well as organizing workshops and conferences. CCOP reports to the UN-ESCAP Commission Session and participates in the subcommittee meetings Took part in ISDR regional Workshop on mitigation, preparedness and development for Tsunami early warning system in Indian Ocean Region and Preliminary discussion for the preparation of the first global platform on disaster risk reduction CCOP is an Associate Partner in the International Year of Planet Earth initiative. IUGS support to CCOP activities. Application for Associate Membership in IUGS. Cooperation in various IUGS/IGCP projects and IUGS Commission activities. Jointly holding CCOP Thematic Session for 2005 Annual Session and organization of Roundtable Dialog for 2006 Annual Session with IUGS/GEM Support for SANGIS - Bibliographic Phase, provided Server to host SANGIS in CCOP T/S and publication of Asian Multilingual Thesaurus for Geoscience Information exchange, discussion and cooperation on CCOP technical activities were continued and new initiatives on groundwater discussed Support for CASM-ASIA coordinated by CCOP for the region Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 51 CCOP Technical Secretariat

51 Other Cooperating Countries generally continued their technical support to a number of CCOP work programmes by providing valuable advice and guidance as well as the implementation of bilateral technical assistance for CCOP Member Countries. Thanks are due to all the Cooperating Countries and Organizations for their provision of representatives to CCOP who have contributed in large measure to the review, assessment and formulation of CCOP work programmes and for the contribution of technical information to the GRIDNET Programme of CCOP. CCOP especially thanks the two Honorary Advisers assisting in the preparation of the 40-years history of CCOP. During the Director s missions to Cooperating Countries and Organizations, the Representatives and their staff have made excellent arrangements and prepared purposeful programmes for his visit. They have also accorded the warmest hospitality, cooperation and assistance that have facilitated the successful completion of the missions. IV. TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES A number of workshops, seminars, training courses, working group meetings and expert visits were conducted during the reporting period. The Technical Secretariat has exceeded most of its planned targets under the three sectors on Geo-resources, Geoenvironment and Geo-information. During the reporting period, a total of fourty-eight (48) activities were carried-out and attended by 1,526 participants from the Member Countries (Table 4). Aiming at capacity building and technology transfer, these activities were highly appreciated by the participants. Table 4. Summary of CCOP Member Countries participation in technical activities Sector No. of activities No. of participants 1 July 31 December 2005 Geo-resources 16 (*3) 433 (*194) Geo-environment Geo-information 3 24 Sub-total January 30 June 2006 Geo-resources 18 (*4) 594 (*285) Geo-environment Geo-information - - Sub-total TOTAL 48 1,526 *CCOP-PETRAD Seminars Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 52 CCOP Technical Secretariat

52 1. GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR 1-A. ENERGY PROGRAMME 1) Petroleum Policy and Management (PPM) Project The Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) in cooperation with the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate with support from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) will be completing the implementation of the 4-year Petroleum Policy and Management (PPM) Project by August With the reorganization of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2004, responsibility for the Project was taken over by the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Bangkok. The PPM Project has been based on a series of case studies utilizing the lessons learned from the previous NORAD-funded projects in a hands-own setting using country data from diverse settings. The overall goal is to develop human resources and to promote public sector institutional capacitybuilding in the petroleum management of the CCOP Member Countries. This was done through the implementation of four case studies supported by workshops, seminars and expert visits, addressing issues on resource assessment, economic modeling, legal and fiscal systems, and exploration and licensing strategies. The case studies were carried out in Cambodia and Philippines (frontier basin), China (semi-mature basin), and Indonesia (mature basin). For the reporting period, a total of 2 workshops, 1 seminar, 2 expert visits were conducted in July to December 2005 and 4 workshops, 3 seminars (dissemination seminars), 3 expert visits in January to June Figure 2- Actual Actual Expenses Expenses Distribution distribution Hardware and Software 5% Others 8% CCOP management fee 9% Workshops 26% NPD support 7% Seminars 7% Project Coordination 27% Expert Visits 10% Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 53 CCOP Technical Secretariat

53 With a budget of NOK Million (~USD2.798 Million), the PPM Project has implemented a total of 19 workshops, 19 expert visits, 5 seminars, and 4 dissemination seminars. The total number of participation is 1,127 from the 10 CCOP Member Countries; about 25% of the participants are women. Majority are geoscientists, engineers, and economists, and about 20% with management level position (ranging from Division Chiefs to Vice President). The Project has capitalized on the expertise available in the CCOP region that resulted in significant savings for the project and, at the same time further enhanced the friendship and cooperation among Member Countries. The Project has also availed the expertise of Norway particularly in the areas of petroleum resource management, development, and new and advance technologies, and was made possible through the strong support provided by the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, the technical adviser to the Project. PETRAD, another Norwegian cooperating organization, has also helped in identifying experts that were invited as resource persons through its international network. The recommendations of the PPM Mid Term review were implemented that also benefited the Project. PROJECT IMPACT As reported by the National Coordinators, listed below are some of the impacts of the PPM Project: Improved understanding of the petroleum potential and policies of the CCOP Member Countries, especially the case study countries Information and Knowledge learned are disseminated through reporting and conduct of seminars in the participant s respective organization Adoption of some concepts learned in basin assessment and exploration investment promotions. The Project provided a good forum of building closer relationship and cooperation. PPM is easily implemented based on the already established network. This network also functions outside the project. Easier facilitation of new projects in the CCOP T/S. The final report of the PPM Project is under preparation. The report is divided into 2 volumes; with Volume 1 as the report on the activities conducted to support the case studies and other administrative accomplishments and Volume 2 to be written by the case study participants providing details on the results and recommendations of the case studies as well as the report from the other Member Countries not hosting the case studies. This volume also highlights how information and knowledge learned from Project activities were given value and used to enhance their capacities. The PPM Project homepage provides complete information of the Project and all its activities. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 54 CCOP Technical Secretariat

54 A new project concept as follow up to the PPM Project was already prepared by the Technical Secretariat and submitted to the Norwegian Embassy in Bangkok for review. The Embassy has recommended for the preparation of the full Project Proposal on Enhancing Public Petroleum Management (EPPM) in CCOP Member Countries. The Embassy has also approved the extension of the PPM Project Coordinator s service up to the end of December to prepare the EPPM Project documents to be submitted to the Norwegian Embassy. A Coordinators Forum is being planned in mid-october 2006 to discuss in details the objectives, outputs, and activities of the EPPM Project. The result of the discussions will define the Project Matrix containing the activities that will address the specific scientific and technical issues of the Project components and work plan. The matrix is an important input to the Project document that the Technical Secretariat will submit to the Royal Norwegian Embassy for application of funding support to the Project. 2) Institutional Capacity Building in CCOP Countries Project Phase I (ICB-CCOP 1) The 3-year Danish government-supported ICB-CCOP 1 Project started in January The long-term objective of the project is to strengthen the capacity of the public authorities within the CCOP Member Countries to assess their countries' hydrocarbon potentials. It involves cross-border case studies in -China and Indonesia-Malaysia- Philippines. Geoscientists from all CCOP Member Countries are invited to participate in regional project workshops, training courses, seminars, meetings and fieldtrips. The project will also involve a pool of Danish and regional experts, as well as management and coordination support from the Technical Secretariat. Implementation of the project activities so far have contributed much to attaining the core development objective of the project: to promote regional cooperation through the sharing of information and knowledge in the joint conduct of geoscientific study of crossborder geological basins that contribute to the better understanding of the petroleum systems for the assessment of their hydrocarbon potentials. Attracting the interest and involvement of neighboring countries in joint study of cross border basin with petroleum resources or potential, using strategic and at times sensitive data is challenging at all times and inherently complex. Due to the common efforts, there has been significant success in this respect. Neighboring countries are now fully committed to conduct the cross-border case studies of the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin between China and, and the Sulu Sea-East Sabah basin between the Philippines and Malaysia with contributions from Indonesia. We have seen the enthusiasm, the spirit of cooperation, trust and the willingness to exchange and share knowledge and information during the conduct of the activities. It is also significant to point out that subsequent to the selection of the Yinggehai- Song Hong Basin case study for the Project, the Yinggehai-Song Hong Basin in the Beibuwan area was identified for bilateral cooperation in an agreement signed between the Governments of China and during the visit of the Chinese President HE Mr Hu Jintao to in November Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 55 CCOP Technical Secretariat

55 From July to December 2005, 1 meeting and 2 workshops have been organized. The meeting held in China, introduced new partner agency, China National Offshore Oil Corperation (CNOOC) to attend the ICB-CCOP1 Project. Two workshops have been conducted for the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin joint case study in China and respectively. During the first half year of 2006, 1 workshop, 2 training courses and 3 fieldtrips have been conducted. Five (5) sets of the petroleum modeling software PetroMod have been issued to the five case study host countries. Training in the applicability of these powerful softwares was also provided to a number of users from Member Countries in Hanoi,. The software will be applied as a useful tool in the geo-scientific work carried out for each case study. Five (5) postgraduate grants (5000 USD each) have also been awarded to 5 PhD students selected among candidates nominated by the 5 case study host countries. The postgraduate grants will aid and encourage the young geoscientists to be actively involved in more scientific research, in areas relevant to the ICB project case studies. The grants will also contribute in broadening their geoscientific view and enhance their research capabilities. The support and valuable cooperation from CCOP Member Countries and the Royal Danish Embassy in Bangkok are the concrete foundation for the successful implementation of the project. All of the current achievements are due to their generous contributions and the common efforts. We are very confident that the close cooperation between the CCOP Member Countries will contribute to fulfilling the objectives set for the ICB CCOP 1 Project. ICB Events and Activities Inception Phase Report was submited and approved by DANIDA in July The ICB-CCOP1 Project Coordinator (Mr. Liu Liqun, China) took up the assignment on 1 September The ICB-CCOP1 Project National Coordinator and Experts of CCOP Member Countries were indentified. ICB-CCOP1 Project 1 st China workshop was held in Guangzhou, China, on 7-9 September There were 12 participants from China and that attended the workshop on the Yinggehai-Song Hong Basin case study. Mr. Ioannis Abatzis, Representative of Denmark to CCOP, acted as a resource person, and facilitated the workshop. ICB-CCOP1 Project 1 st China meeting was organized in Beijing, China, on October This meeting was to brief the national oil companies of China (CNOOC) which was invited to join the project case study after the ICB-CCOP1 Project 1 st China workshop. There were 10 participants from China that attended the meeting. ICB-CCOP1 Project 1 st workshop was held in Hanoi,, on December, This workshop was organized in Hanoi for the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin case study with the involvement of national oil companies of China (CNOOC) and (Petro) besides the petroleum research institutes to discuss about the joint implementation of the case study and the use of the oil companies petroleum data, taking advantage of the extensive knowledge and vast Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 56 CCOP Technical Secretariat

56 experience of both oil companies in the area. H.E. Mr. Peter Lysholt Hansen, Danish Ambassador to attended the workshop opening ceremony and gave an opening address. There were 23 participants from China and, and 5 from Denmark, Japan, including Deputy Permanent Representative of Japan, and Director of the Technical Secretariat. ICB-CCOP1 Project Annual Report 2005 was submited and approved by DANIDA in January ICB-CCOP1 Project 1 st Malaysia workshop and Field Trip were conducted successfully from 26 th February to 5 th March, 2006 in Sandakan, Lahad Datu & Sahabat, Malaysia. Unfortunately, the originally planned Fractured Basement Reservoir Training Course could not be carried out because the invited regional experts from were not available at the time. The outlines of work plans for each case study were set up, finalized and agreed between the partners during the workshop. These work plans established the concrete foundation for the implementation of project. H.E. Mr. Borge Petersen, Ambassador, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Denmark to Malaysia and the Philippines attended this workshop and delivered the welcome address, which gave guidance to the implementation of the project in the future. Twenty-five participants from the CCOP Member Countries attended the activity. ICB-CCOP1 Project Hainan Field Trip was conducted from 9 th to 12 th April, 2006, on Hainan Island, China, for studying the eastern on-shore area to the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin. Ten participants from China and attended this activity. The Chinese partner agencies kindly supported the associated local costs. ICB-CCOP1 Project Hanoi Trainings are two back-to-back training courses titled: Petroleum System Modeling Software User Training & Application Training held in Hanoi, on 8 th -13 th May, Experts from the software company IES, GEUS and VPI were invited as the resource persons to facilitate the training courses. Five sets of petroleum system modeling software, purchased by the ICB-CCOP1 Project, were issued to the 5 case study host countries during the training, and they will be applied for the implementation of the case study in the near future. ICB-CCOP1 Project Hanoi Field Trip was held from 14 th to 17 th May, 2006 in Hanoi Trough, northeast, for studying the western onshore area to the Yinggehai-Song Hong basin. Eleven geoscientists from China and participated the fieldtrip. The associated local costs are kindly sponsored by ese partner agencies. ICB-CCOP1 Project Semi-Annual Progress Report 2006 was submitted to DANIDA. Details of the ICB Project can be accessed at the website: 3) CCOP/ASCOPE/PETRAD Programmes With the technical and financial support of Norway, CCOP/ PETRAD cooperation to undertake activities at the request of CCOP Member Countries remained active and successful. Continued efforts are being exerted and PETRAD had been particularly resourceful in soliciting support for the seminars requested by the Member Countries. The Technical Secretariat and PETRAD have been compiling a list of topics provided by the Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 57 CCOP Technical Secretariat

57 Member Countries, which will serve as the basis to request for funding support from the Government of Norway. During the reporting period, seven seminars were hold with 479 participants. 1-2 August 2005, Seminar on EOR Application and High CO 2 Gas Field Development in Kuantan, Malaysia, completed with 110 participants, 19 papers were presented by 12 guest speakers from Norway and from the Region. 3 August 2005, 1-Day Workshop on Integrating high CO 2 Gas Field Development and EOR Implementation in Kuantan, Malaysia, completed with 41 participants. Case Study and discussions were conducted. 5-9 December 2005, Seminar on Petroleum Policy, Regulations, Administration and Tools in Upstream and Downstream Petroleum Management in Jakarta, Indonesia, completed with 43 participants, 26 papers were presented by 6 guest speakers from Norway and from the Region. 6-8 March 2006, Seminar on Advanced Seismic Analysis in Putrajaya, Malaysia, completed with 53 participants, 21 papers were presented by 15 guest speakers from Norway, USA and from the Region April 2006, Seminar on Drilling and Downhole Management and Technology in Tianjin, China, completed with 108 participants, 19 Papers were presented by 14 guest speakers from Norway and from the Region May 2006, Seminar on Deepwater Technology in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, completed with 73 participants, 36 papers were presented by 34 guest speakers from Norway, and from the Region June 2006, Seminar on Crisis Communications Planning in Bangkok, Thailand, completed with 51 participants, 8 papers were presented by 3 guest speakers from Norwegian Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA), Norway. CCOP-PETRAD TNA Training Needs Assessment (A diagnostic tool to identify petroleum sector training and institutional requirement) continued to be available. This activity is in co-operation with The Bridge Group and Stavanger University College. CCOP-PETRAD-AGWA (Active Management of Groundwater Aquifers). A meeting on assessing the interest of Member Countries on AGWA was held during the 42 nd Annual Session. A Working Group Meeting planned for 2006 has been postponed to B. MINERALS PROGRAMME 1) CCOP-USGS Global Mineral Resource Assessment Project The CCOP-USGS Global Mineral Resource Assessment Project (GMRAP) is part of a 5-year initiative to assess the identified and undiscovered non-fuel mineral resource of the world. Since 2003, three workshops had been conducted for the CCOP Member Countries, in 2003, 2004 and 2005, and the final workshop is planned to be held in To date assessment for porphyry and sediment hosted copper have been completed and the draft final report prepared. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 58 CCOP Technical Secretariat

58 2) Community and Small-Scale Mining in Asia (CASM-Asia) Project The CASM-Asia Project has been endorsed by the 44 th Steering Committee Meeting held on November 2005 in Tsukuba, Japan. This three-year project, from 1 May 2005 to 31 April 2008, is supported by the World Bank in close cooperation with the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. The objective of the project is to function as a hub for CASM activities through which cooperation network of those engaged or have interest in artisanal/small scale mining can be built and to bridge the artisanal/small miners with the stakeholders, communities, technology and science in the Asia-Pacific region. The Project was launched at the Inaugural Meeting held in Bangkok, Thailand on July 2005 with 18 participants from the CCOP Member Countries and four from non- CCOP Member Countries. A Goal-Oriented Project Planning (GOPP) workshop on 30 November 2 December 2005 with 10 participants from the CCOP Member Countries and 3 from non-ccop Member Countries was also organized. The workshop produced a projectplanning matrix that outlines the activities to be carried out. Two workshops, one in Hanoi and another in Bandung are scheduled to be organized in the second half of C. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 1) CCOP-GSJ/AIST Project on Groundwater Assessment and Control in the CCOP Region The CCOP-GSJ/AIST Project on Groundwater Assessment and Control in the CCOP Region originally named Groundwater Assessment along Great River Basins in East and Southeast Asia, is a 5-year project which commenced in April 2004 with the support of the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. The project aims to evaluate groundwater resources and environments through its monitoring. It is subdivided into 3 sub-projects: (1) Groundwater Environment and Management in the Urban Coastal Area, (2) Groundwater and Land Subsidence Monitoring and (3) Groundwater Evaluation Using Monitoring System. These sub-projects are led by Japan, China and Korea respectively. During the reporting period, a training course and Project Meeting were held on 31 October 4 November The training course was attended by 26 participants from Member Countries. The subjects of the training course included the following: contamination, land subsidence, groundwater management and monitoring, and salt water intrusion. At the meeting, a workplan for each of the 3 sub-projects was developed. 2. GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR 2-A. GEOHAZARDS PROGRAMME 1) Field Workshop for Volcanic Hazards Mitigation The CCOP-GSJ/AIST Project on Field Workshop for Volcanic Hazards Mitigation is a 4-year project which commenced in April 2004 with the support of the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. This Project aims to conduct a comparative study of the volcanic hazards faced by CCOP Member Countries, the predictive methods for future eruption in middle term based on the eruptive history, hazards mapping from a volcanic eruption case study and scenario analysis on the eruptive sequence (activity duration, the climax of activity, eruption rate, eruption sites, and eruption style). This could be achieved by conducting case studies Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 59 CCOP Technical Secretariat

59 field visits, workshops and research. Special field excursions and training will be arranged for young volcanologists from the concerned Member Countries. Scientific papers from the study will be published. The project s second field workshop was organized in Yogyakarta, Indonesia from 5-11 September 2005 and attended by 22 researchers from Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Japan. The workshop discussed case studies of Merapi and Kelute volcanoes in comparison with other countries volcanoes on how the study of eruptive history can contribute to the prediction of future eruption in middle term, and how the case study of an eruption can contribute to hazard map preparation. The next workshop is planned for the second half of 2006 to be held in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 2) Project on Tsunami Risk Reduction Measures with Focus on Landuse and Rehabilitation Upon the approval of the project by the 45 th Steering Committee Meeting, 31 March to 2 April 2005 in Phuket, Thailand, implementation of the Royal Norwegian government supported project on Tsunami Risk Reduction Measures with Focus on Landuse and Rehabilitation commenced in June This project is an 8-month fast track study in consideration of the urgent needs for reconstruction works to commence. The main purpose of this project is to establish practical guidelines for land use and rehabilitation of the devastated areas, considering the risk of future earthquake and tsunami events. The results of the study can also be used in other parts of the tsunami affected regions around the Indian Ocean. The project is conducted by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), the project s technical executing organization (TEO) in close cooperation with the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), Thailand and the Technical Secretariat. The following activities were carried out during the reporting period: CCOP-DMR-NGI Meeting on 30 June 2005 in Bangkok. At the meeting the TEO presented the overview of the Project and its workplan. Field Trip at the three case study areas on 1-3 July The TEO with DMR staff inspected the three case study areas of the Project: (1) Patong City, (2) Ban Niang beach resort area and (3) Ban Nam Kem fishing village. First Local Advisory Panel Meeting on 4 July 2005 in Phuket. The project s tasks and workplan were presented at the meeting for the information and comments of the local advisory panel. Attendance at the meeting includes 4 experts from TEO, 5 from DMR, and 11 from the local authorities and organizations which comprise the Advisory Panel of the project. Training on 23 September 2005 in Bangkok. Topics include earthquake-initiated tsunami hazard, mitigation and re-construction, tsunami risk assessment and rehabilitation plans for Thailand, risk assessment and criteria, preliminary tsunami modelling results, the tsunami phenomena its characteristics and behaviour. It was attended by 33 participants from DMR. CCOP-DMR-NGI Progress Meeting on 23 September 2005 in Bangkok. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 60 CCOP Technical Secretariat

60 2 nd Local Advisory Panel Meeting on 6 December 2005 in Phuket. The TEO presented the results of the study to the local advisory panel for comments and recommendations for consideration in the finalization of the project. Fifteen representatives from the local authorities were present at the meeting, as well as 5 from the DMR. Workshop on 7-9 December 2005 in Phuket. Topics include earthquake hazard assessment, tsunami modeling, mitigation measures, and experiences from tsunami mitigation in the region around the Indian Ocean. It was attended by 24 participants from the CCOP Member Countries, 5 from India and Sri Lanka, and 5 experts from the TEO. International Dissemination seminar on 9 March 2006 in Bangkok, Thailand, coorganized with DMR, with 263 participants. The purpose of the seminar is to share the results of the project to the stakeholders, planners, decision-makers as well as the international community. Subsequent to the success of the project, CCOP is in discussion with NGI and the Royal Norwegian Embassy to conduct a phase II project on tsunami risk assessment and mitigation in Southeast Asia. 2-B. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME 1) CCOP-GSJ/AIST Project on Integrated Geological Assessment of Deltas in Southeast Asia (DelSEA Project) The CCOP-GSJ/AIST Project on Integrated Geological Assessment of Deltas in Southeast Asia (DelSEA Project) is a 4-year project which commenced in April 2004 with the support of the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. The purpose of the project is to conduct cooperative geoscientific study/research of the major deltaic areas of East and Southeast Asia by Member Countries of CCOP as part of the IGCP 475 DeltaMAP project, and to promote the sharing and dissemination of the study/research results in annual meetings of IGCP 475, the proceedings of which will be published in an international journal. During the reporting period, the 2 nd CCOP DelSEA Scientific Meeting was held in conjunction with the 3rd Annual Meeting of ICGP-475 DeltaMAP in Brunei Darusallam on January 2006, attended by 80 participants, 8 of them were from the CCOP Member Countries. A seismic survey in Lake Tonle Sap, Cambodia was jointly carried out by the General Department of Mineral Resources, Cambodia (DGMR), DMR and GSJ/AIST under this project on April The purpose of this survey is to undertake a collaborative seismic study to understand the geology and stratigraphy of coastal lowlands of the Mekong River delta in Cambodia. Future annual meetings of CCOP DelSEA project will also be held jointly with IGCP- 475 annual meetings. The date and venues of future meetings have been decided as follows: January 2007 in Bangladesh and January 2008 in China. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 61 CCOP Technical Secretariat

61 2-C. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 1) Research on the Coastal Environment Management Strategy of the Asian Delta Region (Phase I) The Research Project on Coastal Environment Management Strategy of the Asian Delta Region (Phase I) is a 3-year project which was started in April 2004, and is being supported by Tokyo University. This project aims to describe quantitatively the problems on seashore erosion and eco-system loss and to make the proper management strategy of coastal environment. During Phase I, the coastal erosion of the Chao Phraya delta was selected for the study. The final meeting for the Phase I project is planned for end of ) CCOP-KIGAM Workshop and Training on Current Issues in Geoscience CCOP and the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) organized a tri-thematic workshop and training on current issues in geoscience on October 2005 in Bangkok. The three parallel thematic sessions are as follows: Theme I: Seawater Intrusion Problems in the CCOP Region. It was attended by 11 participants from CCOP Member Countries. The workshop includes discussion and country report on seawater intrusion problems in each Member Country and recent research activities addressing seawater intrusion problems. Theme II: Mineral Potential Mapping using GIS and Remote Sensing. It was attended by 12 participants from CCOP Member Countries, and 4 from non CCOP Member Countries. The objective of the workshop is to share and transfer technology for the mineral potential mapping using GIS and RS. Theme III: A New Strategy for Marine Aggregates Development and Information Management. It was attended by 8 participants from CCOP Member Countries. In this workshop the participants reviewed the current issues on marine aggregate exploration and excavation activities in their own countries and discuss practical solutions in order to promote sustainable utilization of marine environments. 3. GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 1) SANGIS Programme CCOP-CIFEG- UNESCO Asian Multilingual Thesaurus for Geoscience (AMTG) The Asian Multilingual Thesaurus is a tool for information retrieval across language barriers. This facilitates multilingual research and information exchange. CCOP Member Countries participating in this initiative include Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and. Lao PDR was also invited to participate. The Thesaurus shall be integrated in the SANGIS Bibliographic Database, enabling each country to work on its own language. The printed AMTG has been published in February Copies of were distributed to the CCOP Member Countries by the Technical Secretariat. UNESCO-Jakarta, the funding source of the publication has also distributed free copies to its network. Its electronic copy in PDF format has been made available for download at and printed copies are available from the CCOP Technical Secretariat for free upon request. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 62 CCOP Technical Secretariat

62 The web interactive version of the AMTG is now under development. Beta version is now up at Comments for the improvement of the web interactive version are welcome. SANGIS Bibliographic Database Under SANGIS, the Chinese National Coordinator of the SANGIS programme visited CIFEG on 20 to 25 June 2005 to customize the SANGIS Access application for Chinese language. The Chinese version of SANGIS database is now ready for use. A training course on the use of this database for six regional libraries of China Geological Survey was conducted by CIFEG on 5-9 September UNESCO through CIFEG provided the Technical Secretariat a server to host the SANGIS web database, which was successfully transferred on November The SANGIS web database can now be accessed at Data from the Member Countries are most welcome for the population and update of the database. With the compilation of the AMTG, the SANGIS bibliographic database on Microsoft Access application has been enriched, with the AMTG integrated into the system. 2) GRIDNET Programme The GRIDNET programme (Geoscience Report and Information Dissemination Network) aims to ensure that information, reports and other products from Cooperating Country and Organisation s bilateral and other aid-funded research projects relevant to the CCOP region are made available to organizations in CCOP Member Countries. The titles available in GRIDNET as well as the web links to the reports/publications of some Cooperating Countries can be seen in the CCOP Homepage. 3) CCOP-GSJ/AIST Project on Geoscience Asian Information Network (GAIN) The CCOP-GSJ/AIST Project on Geoscience Asian Information Network (GAIN) is a 3-year project which was started in April 2004, and is being supported by the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. This project aims to establish a clearinghouse of geoscience information of East and Southeast Asia where customers worldwide can get the necessary information on the availability of geoscientific information particularly of CCOP Member Countries. Data and information will reside in the respective Member Countries. This will also make use of what has been accomplished in the CCOP Metadata Project, as a starting point to further contribute to the promotion, dissemination and use of geoscientific information. The website for the CCOP Metadata / Clearinghouse is at Under this project, the 3 rd Working Group Meeting of CCOP Metadata Project was held on November 2005 in Bangkok, Thailand. The meeting was attended by 12 participants from the Member Countries. The fourth Working Group Meeting is planned to be held in conjunction with the CCOP/CGS Seminar on Geoinformation Technology on September Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 63 CCOP Technical Secretariat

63 4. FELLOWSHIPS AND GRANTS 1) CCOP Texas A & M University Fellowship Programme The CCOP Texas A & M University (TAMU) Fellowship is a cooperative programme between CCOP and the Texas A&M University in the USA. Under this programme TAMU will provide graduate education fellowships to outstanding government and industry personnel from the CCOP Member Countries. In addition to the educational aspects, the project hopes to develop joint research projects between TAMU faculty and scientists and agencies in the CCOP Member Countries. The first recipient of the award is Ms. Corazon Sta. Ana from the Department of Energy of the Philippines. She is expected to complete her studies under the fellowship in the second half of With Ms. Sta. Ana completing her studies, there will be three places available for the CCOP Member Countries under this program. 2) East Asia Geoscience and Environmental Research (EAGER) Project The EAGER Project is a trust fund set up in the Geological Society of America with personal contribution of Dr Maurice Ric Terman, CCOP Honorary Advisor, to be used for funding research in geoscience in the region. Under the programme, a grant will be made available for researches in Geoscience and Environment in East and Southeast Asia to candidates from the Member Country hosting the CCOP Annual Session. For 2005, the recipient of the award was Ms. Pan Xiao Fie for her research work entitled The pressure depth temperature regime (P-T-X) for fluid infiltration and auriferous fluid source of two typical Indonesian gold deposits, the Nanjinshan and the Jinwozi, in the Beishan mountains. She is a PhD student at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China. Dr. Ric Terman awarded the grant to Ms. Pan during the CCOP 42 nd Annual Session held in Beijing, China on September The Korean recipient of the award for 2006 will be announced at the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session in November Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 64 CCOP Technical Secretariat

64 V. PUBLICATION AND DOCUMENTATION Twelve newsletters, proceedings and reports were published during the reporting period. The workshop and seminar reports and proceedings of the projects, Petroleum Policy and Management (PPM) and the Institutional Capacity Building in CCOP Member Countries (ICB-CCOP 1) are published at the CCOP website. CCOP Annual Session Proceedings Proceedings of the 41 st CCOP Annual Session Part II (Thematic Session) Includes papers presented at the thematic session on "Geo-environment of Delta and Groundwater Management in East and Southeast Asia, 17 November 2004, Tsukuba, Japan (Hard-copy and CD-ROM). CCOP Steering Committee Meeting Reports Report of the 46 th CCOP Steering Committee Meeting A report on the minutes of the Steering Committee Meeting held in Beijing, China on September 2005 (Hard-copy). Report of the 47 th CCOP Steering Committee Meeting A report on the minutes of the Steering Committee Meeting held in Ao Nang Villa, Krabi, Thailand on March 2006 (Hard-copy). Technical Activities Reports/Proceedings PPM Project Report of the PPM Mid-term Review A report on the PPM Mid-Term Review conducted in 2005 to assess the implementation of the Petroleum Policy and Management (PPM) Project. PETRAD Seminars Report of the CCOP-PETRAD-PETRONAS Seminar on EOR Application and High CO 2 Gas Field Development A documentation of the CCOP-PETRAD-PETRONAS Seminar on EOR Application and High CO 2 Gas Field Development in Kuantan, Malaysia on 1-2 August 2005 (Hard-copy and CD-ROM). Report of the CCOP-PETRAD-PETRONAS Seminar on Integrating High CO 2 Gas Field Development and EOR Implementation A documentation of the CCOP-PETRAD-PETRONAS Seminar on Integrating High CO2 Gas Filed Development and EOR Implementation in Kuantan, Malaysia on 3 August 2005 (Hard-copy and CD-ROM). Report of the CCOP-PETRAD-BPMIGAS Seminar on Petroleum Policy, Regulations, Administration and Tools in Upstream and Downstream Petroleum Management A documentation of the CCOP-PETRAD-BPMIGAS Seminar on Petroleum Policy, Regulations, Administration and Tools in Upstream and Downstream Petroleum Management in the BPMIGAS Head Office, Jakarta, Indonesia on 5-9 December 2005 (Hard-copy and CD- ROM). Report of the CCOP-PETRAD-BPH MIGAS-BPMIGAS Seminar on Petroleum Policy, Regulations, Administration and Tools in Upstream and Downstream Petroleum Management A documentation of the CCOP-PETRAD-BPH MIGAS-BPMIGAS Seminar on Petroleum Policy, Regulations, Administration and Tools in Upstream and Downstream Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 65 CCOP Technical Secretariat

65 Petroleum Management in Jakarta, Indonesia on 5-9 December, 2005 (Hard-copy and CD- ROM). Report of the CCOP-PETRAD-PETRONAS Seminar on Advanced Seismic Analysis A documentation of the CCOP-PETRAD-PETRONAS Seminar on Advanced Seismic Analysis in Putrajaya, Malaysia on 6-8 March 2006 (Hard-copy and CD-ROM). Report of the CCOP-PETRAD-INTSOK- NOOC-MLR-CGS Seminar on Drilling, Downhole Technology and Well Services A documentation of the CCOP-PETRAD-INTSOK- NOOC-MLR-CGS Seminar on Drilling, Downhole Technology and Well Services in Teda, China on April 2006 (Hard-copy and CD-ROM). Report of the CCOP-PETRAD-PETRONAS-INTSOK Seminar on Deepwater Technology - Creating Local Value from Deepwater Development A documentation of the CCOP-PETRAD-PETRONAS-INTSOK Seminar on Deepwater Technology - Creating Local Value from Deepwater Development in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, May 2006 (Hard-copy and CD-ROM). Report of the CCOP-PETRAD-ASCOPE-PTT Seminar on Crisis Communication Planning and Preparedness A documentation of the CCOP-PETRAD-ASCOPE-PTT Seminar on Crisis Communication Planning and Preparedness in Bangkok, Thailand on June 2006 (Hard-copy and CD-ROM) Final Report of the Project on Tsunami Risk Reduction Measures with Focus on Landuse and Rehabilitation This is the final report of the CCOP-DMR Project on Tsunami Risk Reduction Measures with Focus on Landuse and Rehabilitation funded by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Royal Norwegian Embassy of Bangkok, Thailand and conducted by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI). (Hard-copy and CD-ROM) Summary Report of the Project on Tsunami Risk Reduction Measures with Focus on Landuse and Rehabilitation (in English & Thai language) This is the summary of the final report of the CCOP-DMR Project on Tsunami Risk Reduction Measures with Focus on Landuse and Rehabilitation which is in both English and Thai languages. (Hard-copy and CD-ROM) Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geoscience A Multilingual Thesaurus of Geoscience with 5,867 terms in 11 languages: English (the base reference), Khmer, Chinese, French, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Lao, Malaysian, Thai and ese. CCOP Homepage The CCOP Homepage is continuously being updated. New webpages are added for new projects and activities. Sales of Publications Proceeds from the publication sales during the reporting period amounted to USD in January - December 2005 and USD in January - June Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 66 CCOP Technical Secretariat

66 VI. CCOP DIRECTOR S MISSIONS AND PARTICIPATION TO MEETINGS RELATED TO CCOP ACTIVITIES Circum Pacific Council Director s Meeting (CPC) The Director attended the CPC annual meeting which was held in Wellington, New Zealand 3-5 April CPC is a cooperating organization of CCOP. During the meeting, The Director presented the CPC Asia Report to the Meeting. On the major CPC activity of organizing the International Energy Conference in China in 2007, the CCOP Technical Secretariat has been confirmed to serve as the international secretariat for the Conference. The meeting also discussed the new proposed program and other organization matters. While the Chinese National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) delegation from China accepted the decision of the Meeting, they will have to hold further discussions with their stakeholders and other organizers in China regarding details and arrangements for the Conference. The Meeting also discussed various other cooperation activities including geothermics, workshop on marine benthic habitats, agreegates, etc. The meeting also approved the holding of a marine benthic habitats workshop in New Caledonia, a workshop on water issues to be hosted by the Russian Academy in 2008 and a workshop on water and energy from renewable resources to be held in Mexico. A suggestion was also made by Dr Ric Terman, Honorary Advisor of CCOP for a project to develop coastal risk assessment map focusing risk assessment in the aftermath of tsunamis. The Director also extended to the CPC Directors at the Meeting an invitation to attend the 2007 Annual Session in Korea. Tsunami-related Meetings/Conferences The Director and the Regional Expert attended the following meetings related to tsunami to promote CCOP s collaborative project on tsunami. Workshop on Sustainable Management of Risks due to Natural Hazards in the Region of South and South-East Asia, at Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Bangkok, Thailand on August US Indian Ocean Tsunami Early Warning System (IOTWS) Coordination Session in Bangkok, Thailand on 12 September Natural Resources CANADA-GISTDA Thailand Disaster Mitigation and Management Workshop, Bangkok, Thailand on 29 September Concluding Regional Workshop on Methodologies to Assess Socio-economic Impacts of Natural Disasters in UNCC, Bangkok, Thailand on October UNEP-ISDR Regional Workshop on Mitigation, Preparedness and Development for Tsunami Early Warning Systems in the Indian Ocean Region, Bangkok June Preliminary Regional Discussion of the UN/ISDR Reference Group for the Preparation of the first Global Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction, Bangkok, June On behalf of CCOP, the Director would like to thank the Permanent Representatives of the Member Countries, and Representatives of Cooperating Countries and Organizations and their staff for the excellent arrangement and the fine programme made for the visits. They have accorded the warmest of hospitality, close cooperation and assistance that had facilitated greatly the successful completion of the mission. The CPC meeting was supported by CPC. Their generosity and assistance to CCOP is deeply appreciated. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 67 CCOP Technical Secretariat

67 ANNEX V COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea MEMBER COUNTRIES REPORTS Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 69 CCOP Technical Secretariat

68 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of Cambodia Submitted by Sieng Sotham Department of Geology, Cambodia (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 71 CCOP Technical Secretariat

69 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: CAMBODIA Period: 1 July June MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR The main activities within the mineral programme for the year were to update the 1:200,000 and to compile 1:100,000 scale geological maps. The geological maps of each administrative province are being updated to make them more user-friendly and applicable for regional land use management. A new programme on the compilation of mineral protected areas is being undertaken by the Department of Geology for the purpose of efficient management of the mineral development of the country Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Updating 1:200,000 scale geological maps: The existing geological data at a scale of 1:200,000 are being updated by inputting new geological and mineral data obtained from various exploration projects and field surveys. Compilation of 1:100,000 scale geological maps: Photo-geological mapping is being undertaken for the west of Phnom Penh. However, field checking is delayed due to the lack of funding. Compilation of a map on mineral protected areas: The compilation of this map aims at the preservation of mineral potential areas for the future development of the mineral industry of the country. The delineation of the mineral areas is based on existing and newly available geological and mineral data. Training on geological trip for geological mapping: In September, two geologists from the Department of Geology were invited to a two-week training course on geological mapping in KIGAM. Theory and practices on field observation and data collection as well as digital mapping were provided to the trainees. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 73 CCOP Technical Secretariat

70 1.3. Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Geological mapping at a scale of 1:100,000 and updating of 1: 200,000 scale maps are parts of the long-term work plan adopted by the General Department of Mineral Resources. There are still many difficulties in the geological mapping including the lack of qualified map makers and supporting facilities. Cambodia would like to express its sincere thanks to Korea for their assistance through providing training on geological mapping to Cambodian geologists. Cambodia would highly appreciate further assistance from Korea in capacity building in the field of geological mapping. 2. ENERGY PROGRAMMME 2.1. Summary Cambodia's economy is at present based on tourism and agriculture. But in the future, it will be based on the petroleum, minerals and other industries. The Government of Cambodia plans in future to develop agriculture irrigation, industrial areas, increasing activities of other business such as tourism, agriculture and industry. In this arising economy, Cambodia has promoted some major sectors in order to encourage foreign investment and to contribute the business opportunities. The petroleum sector is one of the large sectors with opportunities of continued economic development in a stable political climate of the Kingdom of Cambodia and the Southeast Asia region. International Oil companies need to be attracted to invest in the petroleum sector, both offshore and onshore, in the Kingdom of Cambodia Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Technical programmes and activities in the energy sector are include petroleum exploration activities; geophysical surveys, exploration drilling, resource assessment, natural gas field development, production sharing contracts and integrated feasibility studies through projects. Legal Framework The legal framework of petroleum development is still not completely developed. The proposal for a petroleum law to be enacted by the Parliament has not yet been approved by the Council of Ministers due to lack of the legal and technical experts. The draft law has been revised several times by the petroleum legal working groups of the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority (CNPA) in cooperation with international legal experts in order to improve the law to international standards. Under this law, regulations and provisions have also been developed to ease the implementation of the law as well as to control activity in the petroleum sector. However, as a petroleum act has not been in place to date, Cambodia still uses the petroleum agreement, a Production Sharing Contract model, for processing the licensing of petroleum companies to conduct petroleum exploration, development and production. This agreement is used with reference to the Foreign Investment Law and the Petroleum Regulation, which is still in effect. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 74 CCOP Technical Secretariat

71 Organizational Set-Up The organizational set-up for the management of petroleum resources in Cambodia is arranged with the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority. The Petroleum Exploration and Production Division (Upstream), Downstream Division, Legal and Negotiation Division, and Administration Division of the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority are responsible for the petroleum resources management and petroleum production. The activities of CNPA related to the sector are include presentation and implementation of licensing rounds, data management and data interpretation. The official staffs of CNPA currently comprise less than 100 staff members. With a recent plan for development of oil and gas, sanctioned by the Royal Government, the petroleum area is to be prioritized. Current Exploration Activities Up to now, Cambodia has found seven sedimentary basins which show potential for Oil and Gas fields. One of them is marginal sedimentary (Khmer basin) and two are frontier exploration opportunities (Tonle Sap and Kampong Som basins), and these are divided in A,B,C,D,E,F (Undisputed Area) offshore blocks and 22 blocks onshore. In addition, Cambodia shares 9 blocks with Thailand (Areas I, II, III, and IV) in the Gulf of Thailand. For the undisputed area, the Chevron Texaco-Moeco companies have just got the Production Sharing Contact to carry out works in block A. Whilst Chevron Texaco is the operator for block A, for block B some companies are still negotiating directly with CNPA. 3 D-seismic survey and 19 exploration wells ( ) have been completed and 5 wells are planned as exploration and appraisal wells. In the disputed area between the Kingdoms of Cambodia and Thailand, three international Oil and Gas companies have been awarded four areas, which cover 9 blocks equal to 4 areas, and both governments are still in negotiation for a joint venture agreement that is base on 50/50 of sharing. In 1999, Cambodia received the airborne gravity and magnetic data from JNOC (Mekong and Tonle Sap basin). Onshore Activities Petroleum exploration activities onshore began in About 15,600 km of airborne gravity and magnetic surveys have been acquired over two basins (Mekong and Tonle Sap). The works were successfully completed in May 1998, and data display (processing and interpretation) has been received early in 2006 for Oil and Gas firms who are interested in onshore exploration in Cambodia. Mostly, the source rocks in this basin are shale, peat and coal deposits. Offshore activities As far as offshore Oil and Gas exploration is concerned, more than 17,000 km of 2D seismic lines, about 1,285 sq. km of 3D seismic and the new 3D seismic survey of about 2,500 sq. km for studying a new area in the Khmer basin were acquired. During the exploration period of the production sharing contracts (PSC) between CNPA and international companies, 19 exploration wells were drilled. Six of them indicated oil and natural gas discoveries and were tested. Early next year, more wells will be drilled for confirmation of reserves in the Khmer basin of offshore Cambodia. The total recoverable natural gas reserves in this basin are approximately 3 Tcf, and in the undisputed area/ overlapping claim area Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 75 CCOP Technical Secretariat

72 between the Kingdoms of Cambodia and Thailand, the total natural gas resources are estimated as at least 16 Tcf Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities For energy sector, CCOP has played an important role in developing Cambodian human resources in order to engage with the petroleum industry. Every year, Cambodia has taken part in many CCOP-NPD-NORAD-PETRAD sponsored projects. The government officials of the Petroleum Exploration and Production Division of the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority were invited by CCOP to participate in the Petroleum Policy and Management Project in China, Philippines and Indonesia. The 4 th and 5 th workshops of the Petroleum Policy and Management Project were held in Cambodia (in Sihanoukville: 37 participants, 16 local and 21 foreign; in Siam Reap: 31 participants, 16 local 15 foreign). One officier participated in Petroleum Development and Operation training in Stavanger, Norway. It is hoped that Cambodia will get a project concerning Natural Gas Development in Khmer basin when the PPM project will be completed at the end of Through this case study project, with seminars, workshops and teamwork, the participants have greatly improved both their theoretical and practical knowledge. With CCOP's technical assistance, the PPM Project was successfully installed and run. It is the 4 th years that our personal works were carried on resources assessment and economy analysis such as play and prospects assessment, gas field development, Cambodian fiscal regime, and economic evaluation, and agreement of the natural gas supply and purchases. We will do the model agreement of natural gas soon possibly in the next workshop in Cambodia. In connecting with PPM project, a working group on the petroleum policy and management was established within the petroleum sector and other relevant organizations. They are responsible for collecting data to be analyzed by computer, setting up a resource assessment scheme, guidelines on risk assessment of play and prospects, and economic analysis starting from petroleum resources assessment. The petroleum exploration, development and production are one case for analysis, but also the transportation of natural gas by pipeline, terminal processing and combine cycle gas turbine, and marketing issues are very important to consider in the petroleum business. With its strategy for management and promotion of petroleum industry in Cambodia, the Petroleum Exploration and Production Division of the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority has identified several important activities, especially policy and strategic planning of the petroleum resources, petroleum recoverable reserves such as natural gas and crude oil development, production, transportation, terminal processing and gas power plant development. All these are needed so that Cambodian National Petroleum Authority can fulfil its obligations as soon as possible. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 76 CCOP Technical Secretariat

73 The Petroleum Exploration and Production Division of CNPA need the new projects, workshops or seminars that consist of the following elements: Enhancing Public Petroleum Management (EPPM), Scholarship: Petroleum resources and Mineral resources (Oversea Education), Education: geology and mineral resources exploration and production such as petroleum and other mineral (Open University in Phnom Penh), Training: class training and job training of petroleum sector from A to Z, and Extra workshop and seminars on the petroleum resource and petroleum products. At present, we have been studying and preparing our strategy to join the regional development of the petroleum industry. We need human resources development and technical assistance from national and international communities, especially from CCOP and other organizations such as NPD, PETRAD, DANIDA etc., to provide more scholarships, workshops, seminars, training and education to our personnel in order for them to be capable of administering and managing petroleum resources industry affairs in the future. All kinds of training and technical expert assistance through bilateral arrangements and from CCOP are needed. 3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 3.1. Summary Within the year , the groundwater related activities were the study of a contamination of groundwater which is a part of the cooperative research programme between the Department of Geology and Gwangju Institute of Sciences and Technology (Republic of Korea). The compilation of a groundwater map of the West of Phnom Penh, supported by Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, is delayed pending the resolution of funding problems Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The Compilation of a groundwater map of the West of Phnom Penh: The programme aiming at the study of groundwater resources, which is technically and financially supported by KIGAM and was planned to be finished in November last year, is delayed due to funding problems. Most of available groundwater related data was compiled, but field checking and supplementary ground based resistivity survey has not yet been accomplished. Cambodia would like to thank Korea for their support for this programme and highly appreciate Korea s concern for the success of the project. The study of a contamination in groundwater in Kandal and Prey Veng provinces: These activities were carried out under a joint research programme between Gwangju Institute of Sciences and Technology (GIST), Korea, and the Department of Geology of Cambodia. Two water sampling surveys were completed in February and August this year in two districts of Prey Veng and Kandal provinces to establish differences in the degree of contamination in the dry and rainy seasons respectively. Groundwater samples were collected to determine the contamination by As and its speciation (particulate As, As (III) and As (IV)). A total of 70 samples were collected and sent to GIST for analysis. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 77 CCOP Technical Secretariat

74 3.3. Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities The assessment of groundwater resources in Cambodia needs to be undertaken urgently as the overuse of groundwater becomes critical and will cause problems such as subsidence of the terrain, contamination of aquifers and salt water intrusion. The study of As contamination in groundwater and treatment techniques suitable for local people is also a priority to ensure the supply of a safe source of potable water. Cambodia would like to thank CCOP for their strong concern and support for the groundwater programme in Cambodia and also to thank groundwater programme leading countries China, Japan and Korea for the training provided to Cambodian geologists. Cambodia would highly appreciate if other CCOP Member Countries, CCOP s Cooperating Countries and Organizations could also provide their assistance to the different groundwater programmes in Cambodia. 4. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME 4.1. Summary GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR A new programme to study the Areas Vulnerable to Bank Erosion along the Mekong River has just been started to determine the factors effecting the bank erosion and to establish a Bank Erosion Map and guidelines to minimize such erosion Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities In the last few years river-bank erosion is getting more and more serious, especially in the Lower Mekong River area, and is being seen by the general populace as resulting from the exploitation of river sand. A programme to study the areas vulnerable to bank erosion has been carried out by the Department of Geology along the Lower Mekong River and Bassac River banks. The aim is to delineate and map the relevant areas and determine the controlling factors in order to set up guidelines to minimize hazards due to the erosion. Remote sensing is being used to interpret the current areas of bank erosion and aerial photos, taken in 1958 and 1993 respectively, are being used to compare the past with the present situation Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Observations on bank erosion sites are planned to be undertaken early next year with a shallow drilling survey using hand augers to study the sediment layer composition and other factors that may cause the erosion. The site survey is planned to use a fund provided by the government, which is very small and not enough to cover a complete survey and thus limits the quality of the survey results. Technical and financial assistance from other Member Countries and Cooperating Countries for the implementation of the programme would be highly appreciated. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 78 CCOP Technical Secretariat

75 5. GEOHAZARDS PROGRAMME 5.1. Summary The study of Landslide prone Areas in West Cambodia is ongoing but the field check, which was planned to be conducted to November, was again postponed due to lack of funding Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The project for the Study of Landslide Prone Areas along the National Road 48 Sre Ambel- Koh Kong in West Cambodia was established to assist the government s planning for development of an Industrial Zone in the West Cambodia. The compilation based on remote sensing is being done by the Department of Geology. Some information necessary for the landslide mapping, including fault and geological data, atmospheric data and landslide site data have been compiled and digitized. The data were checked by Dr. Saro Lee during his visit to Cambodia in September However, the field check, which was planned to be undertaken after the rainy season, in November 2005, was again postponed due to the lack of funding. Based on the MoU on Bilateral Cooperation between KIGAM (Korea) and GDMR, KIGAM will support GDMR in their study on landslides by providing training relating to the use of GIS and RS in the landslide study Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Cambodia would like to express its sincere thanks to CCOP and Korea for their present support for the landslide mapping programme and look forward to their further assistance in terms of training and technical support for the successful completion of the programme. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMMEME 6.1. Summary Beside the programme on The Evaluation of Mechanisms sustaining the Biodiversity in lake Tonle Sap which ended in December 2005, two other programmes, namely "Geological and Sedimentological study of lowlands in Cambodia and Study of Natural Environmental Changes and the Holocene formation in Lowlands of Cambodia are still going on Annual Review of Technical Programmemes/Activities Geological and Sedimentological study of lowlands in Cambodia Under the above three-year joint-cooperation research project between the Marine Resources and Environment Institute (MRE), the Geological Survey of Japan/AIST, and the General Department of Mineral Resources of Cambodia, core drilling was undertaken in South Cambodia, near the border with, in February The sediment samples were dispatched to Japan for the analyses. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 79 CCOP Technical Secretariat

76 The Evaluation of Mechanisms sustaining the Biodiversity in the lake Tonle Sap This three-year joint study project between Kanazawa University of Japan and the Department of Geology was completed. An International Symposium to report the project activities and results was organized in December 2005 in Phnom Penh. The Study of Natural Environmenal Change and the Holocene formation of Lowlands in Cambodia Under this joint cooperation research programme between GDMR and Tokyo University of Japan, two core borings were carried out early this year in North and South Phnom Penh respectively, along the Tonle Sap and Bassac rivers. A core boring was carried out in North of Phnom Penh, while a supplementary electric survey was conducted in lowlands around the drilling site in December A geomorphological survey, with shallow hand drilling, was also done in the Central flood plains surrounding the Great Lake Tonle Sap in late August Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities - None reported 6.4. Others Study of the environmental impacts caused by gold mining activities Summary Activities in the gold mining impact study are being reduced due to the unclear management policy of GDMR regarding small-scale mining activities in Cambodia. Only a very few unofficial activities, such as training miners in the safe handling of cyanide and mercury, were carried out at some mining sites Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The training programme to small scale miners on the proper use of toxic chemicals in gold processing, aiming at reducing the health risk and the impact on the environment, is the goal of the programme entitled the Mitigation of Health Risks and Environmental Impacts from Gold Mining which was planned for implementation in December 2005 is now postponed due to lack of funding and unresolved policy issues within GDMR and the Government.. Some limited guidelines have been given to small scale miners during the visits to concessions where small scale gold mining is being undertaken. No official groups or community training has been organized with these artisanal gold miners. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 80 CCOP Technical Secretariat

77 6.5. Geo-park programme: Under the effort to set up a geological site as a geo-park in Cambodia, a survey was carried out early this year at a fossil site in NE Cambodia. Fossils were collected and are now kept in the Department of Geology for curation and species determination. Unfortunately, there is no paleontologist in the Department of Geology to undertake this work. Cambodia would like to seek for assistance in both technical matters and funding from Member Countries as well as Cooperating Countries and Organizations Proposed future activities and assistance required from CCOP in Support of Future activities Although small scale mining activity is much less than it was in the past, the contamination from gold processing is much more serious due to the increased use of cyanide leaching. Through unofficial training, small scale gold miners are gaining a better knowledge of cyanide solution control, but this is still not enough for assured health and safety. Improper tailing storage continues to contaminate soil and water sources in and around mining sites. The mitigation of health risks caused by environmental pollution as well as rehabilitation of the abandoned mining sites are still of critical importance. Cambodia appreciates the concerns of Germany in these matters and looks forwards to their support in the implementation of appropriate programmes. GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEO-DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 7.1. Summary This is an important area of activity for GDMR and a number of projects are being undertaken or planned as detailed below Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Bibliographic Database There are 28 records entered into the SANGIS bibliographic database. The application will be used to manage books in the library of GDMR. GDMR participated in the compilation of the Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (AMTG) and completed the translation of AMTG into the Khmer language as scheduled by CCOP Development of Mineral Databases The new database structure format for metals, non-metals and coal, integrated as one mineral database, was adopted by the Sixth ASEAN Senior officials Meeting on Minerals held in July 2004 in Vientiane, Laos PDR. Now we are waiting for the software application for this mineral database that will be developed by Indonesia. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 81 CCOP Technical Secretariat

78 Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future activities a. Proposed Futures Activities GDMR will continue to carry out the following action plan: Record all books available in the GDMR office by using the bibliographic database application; Update its web pages by including procedures for registration and mineral licenses; and Be ready to make mineral data entries into the mineral database when receiving the mineral database software from Indonesia. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 82 CCOP Technical Secretariat

79 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of China Submitted by Delegation of China (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 83 CCOP Technical Secretariat

80 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: CHINA Period: 1 July June MINERALS PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR Activities funded by the Chinese government in 2005 included mineral resources investigation and assessment, a special program for potential strategic mineral prospecting, and the special program for new replacement to old mines. Strategic work mainly included the investigation and assessment of important mineralization zones with regard to mineral resources in short supply in order to clarify the position for these mineral resources and to facilitate a breakthrough in prospecting for such resources. The work had available with RMB million (about US$30 million). About 21,200 square kilometers of stream sediments survey at 1:50,000 scales and drilling of 114,800 meters were planned. The work of mineral resources investigation and assessment was carried out by 27 provincial geological surveys, 10 subordinates of the China Geological Survey, 19 related industry departments and 5 universities Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The progress of mineral resources investigation and assessment in 2005 was as follows: Puliang Copper Deposit in Yunnan Province The copper deposit is located in the northwest part of Yunnan province. The main ore body is 1600 meters long, and meters wide, extending to a vertical depth greater than 700 meters. The reserves are estimated as 5 million tons with 0.6% average grade of copper. More than 10 porphyry ore bodies have been found and with a great potential for copper Qulong Copper and Molydenum Deposit in Tibet The deposit is located in Muzu, Tibet, about 84 kilometers away from Lasha. Five ore bodies have been delineated with the grade of 0.30% -0.61% of copper, and 0.027% % of molybdenum in the No.1 to No.2 ore bodies. Depth of the ore body is greater than 500 meters, and estimation of copper reserve is several million tons, still with a great potential for prospecting outside of the current deposit. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 85 CCOP Technical Secretariat

81 Zhunu Copper and Gold Deposit in Tibet The deposit is located in Angren County, 300 kilometers away from Rekazhe. 3 ore bodies have been delineated, with meters long and meters wide and copper grade over 1%. At present, 150 meters of ore body have been drilled at 0.7% grade. Two new porphyry ore bodies have been found at the outside of the deposit and wait further prospecting Duobuzha Copper Deposit in Tibet The deposit is located in the west segment of the Bangong Lake Nuijiang River minerogenetic belt. The ore body is 1400 meters long and meters wide, with average grade of 1% and 400 meters vertical depth. It was estimated that the reserves exceed 2 million tons Strata-bound Lead and Zinc Deposit in West Part of Hubei Province The deposit was found in carbonates of Sinian age at the eastern margin of the Yangzi platform. The single ore body extends for several kilometers with 5 10% grade of zinc. According to the regional prospecting information, the ore-bearing layer extends to the Mayuan area of Shaanxi Province, and Longshan and Baoqing areas of Hunan Province. Important evidence of the same type of mineralization has been found elsewhere along the Yangzi platform Xitian Tin Deposit in Hunan Province The deposit is located in the Nanling tin polymetallic minerogenetic belt. More than 30 veins have been delineated, mainly located in Longshang, Tongmushan and Saiheliang mines. More work has been done at No. 20, 21, 22 ore bodies in Longshang mine and No. 41 and 42 in Tongmushan mine. The resource volume of tin is about 500,000 tones with 30,000 tons of WO Baiganhu Tungsten and tin Deposit in Xinjiang The deposit is located in the middle part of Qimantage metallogenic belt. Three tungsten and tin sectors have been delineated to date and 29 veins confirmed by drilling. One single vein is meters long and meters thick, and average grade are WO %, and Sn %. The tungsten content is estimated as 300,000 tones Special program for strategic mineral potential exploration The strategic mineral potential exploration program was approved in 2004 and carried out by China Geological Survey. The program is planned to run from 2004 to 2010 and the aim is to provide new exploration targets and minerals, provide information to the government for decision-making and for sustainable development. The geology, geochemistry, geophysics, remote sensing, field checks and comprehensive research are all used in this programme. A total of 311 sheets were assessed for strategic mineral potential exploration with budgets of 200 million Yuan in 2005, including 16 important minerogenetic belts, such as the Yaluzhengbujiang area, San Jiang area, and central and south part of Daxinanling. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 86 CCOP Technical Secretariat

82 1.3. Progress for new minerals prospecting The programme for new minerals prospecting was carried out in accordance with the decision made by the State Council in The main potential mineral prospecting for big and medium-size mines were conducted by 40 prospecting projects with million Yuan in 2005 on the basis of 9 prospecting projects in The work of prospecting projects included 225,800 meters of drilling and 28,790 meters of trenching for copper, lead and zinc, manganese, gold, coal and uranium amongst others. 2. ENERGY PROGRAMME 2.1. Summary Totals of 94,863 km of 2D and 26,853 km 2 of 3D seismic data were recorded, and 2,217 explorationwildcat and appraisalwells were drilled by CNPC, Sinopec, CNOOC and Yanchang oil field in By the end of 2005, the accumulative oil reserves in place were billion tons, and the natural gas 4.92 trillion cubic meters in China. The remaining oil reserves were billion tons and 3.09 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. In 2005, the newly proved oil reserves in place totaled 954 million tons (171million tons recoverable), which mainly come from Ordos, Tarim, Bohai Bay and Songliao basins. The newly proved natural gas reserves in place were billion cubic meters (329.1 billion cubic meters recoverable), which mainly come from Sichuan, Songliao, Tarim and Ordos basins. China s crude oil production (including condensate) in 2004 was million tons and gas production (including dissolved gas) 49.9 billion cubic meters, of which 15.4% of crude oil (million tons) and 11.5% of nature gas (billion cubic meters) were produced from offshore areas. The crude oil consumption in China was about 317 million tons, including 119 million tons imported crude oil, in Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Onshore petroleum exploration and production A total of 12 important oil and gas discoveries were made in the Tarim, Junggar, Ordos, Songliao, and Bohai Bay areas in 2005 (Table 1). The newly proved oil and gas reserves in place from the 12 discoveries totaled million tons and billion cubic meters respectively. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 87 CCOP Technical Secretariat

83 Oil Gas Table 1. Important Oil and Gas Discoveries Onshore China in 2005 No. Basin oil/gas field Newly proved reserves in place(million tons/billion cubic meters) 1 Tarim Tahe Ordos Xifeng Junggar Kelamayi Tarim Lungu Ordos Jiyuan Songliao Fuyu Bohai Bay Gaoshangbu Songliao Saertu Sichuan Puguang Songliao Xusheng Tarim Tazhong Ordos Daniudi The onshore oil production in 2005 was million tons, 93% of which came from the Songliao, Bohai Bay, Ordos, Junggar and Tarim Basins (Table 2). Table 2. Onshore oil reserves and production in China in 2005 Basin Accumulative reserves in place (million tons) Annual production (million tons) Songliao Bohai Bay Subei Erlian Jianghan Nanxiang Ordos Sichuan Junggar Tarim Qaidam Tu-Ta Other basins Total onshore The onshore natural gas production in 2005 was 43.9 billion cubic meters, mainly from the Tarim, Sichuan, Ordos, Qaidam and Songliao Basins (Table 3). Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 88 CCOP Technical Secretariat

84 Table 3. Onshore natural gas reserves and production in China in 2005 Basin Accumulative reserves in place (billion cubic meters) Annual production (billion cubic meters) Songliao Bohai Bay Ordos Sichuan Junggar Tarim Qaidam Tu-Ta Other basins Total onshore Offshore petroleum exploration and production Two important oil discoveries were made in the Bohai bay basin in 2005 (Table 4). Newly proved oil reserves in place from the 2 discoveries totaled million tons. Oil Table 4. Important oil discoveries offshore China in 2005 No. Basin Oil field Newly proved reserves in place (million tons) 1 Bohai Bay luda Bohai Bay luda The offshore oil production in 2005 was million tons, mainly from the Bohai Bay and Pearl River Mouth Basins (Table 5). Table 5. Offshore oil reserves and production in China in 2005 Basin Accumulative reserves in place (million tons) Annual production (million tons) Bohai Bay East China Sea Pearl River Mouth Beibu Bay Total Offshore The offshore natural gas productions in 2005, was 6.1 billion cubic meters, mainly came from Qiongdongnan and Yinggehai basins (Table 6). Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 89 CCOP Technical Secretariat

85 Table 6. Offshore natural gas reserves and production in China in 2005 Basins Accumulative reserves in place (billion cubic meters) Annual production (billion cubic meters) Bohai Bay East China Sea Pearl River Mouth Beibu Bay Qongdongnan Yinggehai Total offshore Gas pipeline and total hydrocarbon reserves. The West-East Gas Pipeline has been enlarging its delivery capacity to a new level. By the end of 2003, the total hydrocarbon reserves in China were billion tons of crude oil (including condensate) and 5.03 trillion cubic meters of natural gas. Oil reserve additions totaled million tons ( million tons recoverable) in 2003, which mainly came from the Bohai Bay basin, Erdos basin, Tarim basin, Songliao basin, Junggar basin and Zhujiangkou basin. Natural gas reserve additions were billion cubic meters ( billion cubic meters recoverable), mainly coming from the Erdos basin, Tarim basin, Sichuan basin and Qaidam basin in central and west China. Crude oil and gas productions wer million tons and billion cubic meters respectively, of which 14.3% (24.32 million tons) of crude oil and 12.3% (4.36 billion cubic meters) of natural gas were produced from offshore areas. 3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 3.1. Summary Hydrological survey in 2005 was mainly focused on the survey and evaluation of national groundwater resources and related environmental problems including survey and evaluation of groundwater in the Huabei plain, Shanxi basin, Songnen plain and Hexi corridor. It also included groundwater exploration for the energy and chemical industry bases. The evaluation of groundwater was further enhanced in the Ordos Basin and water resource support for the construction of the above bases was provided. The demonstration project of groundwater exploration in the western region of water-shortage has been undertaken continuously and covers typical areas in 12 provinces, such as Xinjiang, Qinghai, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Neimenggu, Shanxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Xizang provinces. A report named Survey results on national groundwater resources and their environment has been accomplished. Survey and evaluation of groundwater resources in 8 northern basins (plains), including Chaidamu basin, Zhungeer basin, Shanxi basin, Huabei plain, Songnen plain, Yinchuan plain, western Liaohe plain and the Hexi corridor, has been completed. This provided an important foundation for the dynamic evaluation of groundwater systems in basins (plains) as a unit. Based on the characteristics of aquifer media and circulating groundwater, the continent of China was divided into 9 large groundwater systems which are further subdivide into 25 first-level groundwater systems. A dynamic platform for Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 90 CCOP Technical Secretariat

86 groundwater evaluation is being established, which includes an integrated information system, a visualized 3D software system, a data sharing dynamic evaluation software system, a website of groundwater resources information and database of comprehensive hydrogeological achievements Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Groundwater exploitation in Ordos basin Geological and hydrogeological structures and regional distribution of groundwater resources of the basin have been understood in principle. More than 80 groundwater sources for a long-term water supply were located. A numerical model of the geological structure and a model of Cretaceous strata in the basin were built up. The karst groundwater system located at the periphery of the basin was divided into 9 subsystems and 22 branch systems, which can be classified to three patterns of karst groundwater systems. The Cretaceous groundwater flow field consists of local, intermediate and regional groundwater flow systems. The Cretaceous groundwater system was divided into 2 subsystems and 5 branch systems Groundwater exploration in severe water-shortage areas Storage types of groundwater and groundwater exploration techniques in the severe water-shortage areas were systematically summarized and 340 demonstration deep wells were established. Groundwater, as a clean, safe drinking water source, was supplied for 3,000,000 water-shortage residents in almost one hundred counties in Sichuan, Yunnan and Chongqing. A regional plan for the exploitation and utilization of groundwater was established. This provides a guide for the local governments and related departments to further solve human and livestock drinking-water supply problems. In Sichuan province, the work of groundwater survey and evaluation, well-drilling demonstration and regional planning in 71 counties has been completed, leading to the number of wells reaching 371,671 which serve 1,370,000 residents Groundwater survey and evaluation for sustainable utilization in Huabei plain The contour maps of confining beds and thickness of Quaternary serial aquifers (I, and ) have been drawn. The groundwater system has been divided and the areas of subsystems are accounted. The groundwater system of Huabei plain was classified into four levels, the first level being made up of the Luan River, Hai River and the Yellow River alluvial-proluvial fans with a total area of 139, km 2. Based on boreholes and the diagrams of flow field during the year between 1984 and 2003, the litho-components of aquifers at fluctuation zones were analyzed, and specific yields of aquifers and their distribution in Huabei plain were also determined. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 91 CCOP Technical Secretariat

87 4. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME 4.1. Summary GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR China commenced the special project Comprehensive Investigations and Assessments of China Coastal Areas organized and carried out by the State Oceanic Administration in This integrated work, including marine surveys and evaluations of marine hydrology, organic ecology, marine chemistry and atmospheric chemistry, geology and geophysics and remote sensing, is the largest-scale and most comprehensive campaign since the 1980s in the sea areas within China s boundary line of territorial waters, and in the coastal and island regions of China. The work completed in 2005 included: (1) surface sampling at more than 1300 sites, suspension sampling at over 700 stations and columnar coring at 90 stations; (2) topographic and geomorphologic surveys in 12 blocks including 230,000 km of multi-beam and 22,900 km of single-beam investigations; (3) geophysical work in two blocks including 23,500 km of gravitational and magnetic exploration and 8,000 km of single-channel seismic surveys; and (4) shallow seismic profiling and side-scanning sonar operation (16,000 km) in seven blocks. The basic State research project, Land-Sea Mutual Actions and Environmental Effects on China Representative Estuarine and Coastal Areas ( ), has been progressing smoothly. The multidisciplinary surveys in the Yangtze and Yellow River estuaries were continued in 2005, including the sediment-dynamic and biogeochemical processes in the estuarine and adjacent sea areas against the background flux variations of discharge into the sea, so as to better understand the environmental effects on the coastal zone Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities China Geologic Survey has stimulated in succession littoral environmental geologic surveys and assessments in the important coastal zone of China ( ) since 2000, and the first-round ( ) and the second-round ( ) researches on modern geologic environmental changes in the circum-bohai Sea coastal areas. The work was mainly done in the circum-bohai Sea region, in the coastal and shallow sea area in the north of the Shandong Peninsula, in Qingdao City and its offshore area, off the Yangtze River mouth, and in the near-shore area of the Pearl River mouth Circum-Bohai Sea region The work in 2005 in the Laizhou, Bohai and Liaodong Bays was mainly on dynamically monitoring sea bank sections (including bank surface leveling and monitoring sediment compositions and width of every subzone), conducting multidisciplinary research on surficial and shallow stratigraphy (sedimentary dynamics, chronostratigraphy, and event stratigraphy etc.), making a reconnaissance of the whole region mainly composed of dating of such short half-period tracer isotopes as 210 Pb and 137 Cs to make the work content more robust, and also developing special subject studies such as the hidden threat of dammed water, origin of the coastal plains, formation of barrier islands off the muddy and sandy coastal zone and 3-D expressions of geologic results. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 92 CCOP Technical Secretariat

88 In 2005, research on changes in modern geologic environments of the coast zone and on Quaternary shallow sediments and structures, on the dynamic monitoring of changes in modern geologic environments of the coast zone, investigations in bottom materials and shallow stratigraphic structures in the intertidal zone and neritic areas, research on sedimentation rates in the modern intertidal zone and neritic areas; and the analysis of the evolutional tendency of coastal geologic environments were all completed on the west coast of Bohai Bay in Seven cores were recovered in marine settings, with a total footage of m, and one on land of 80.0 m; 94 bottom samples were collected from the intertidal zone and neritic areas; 11 km of leveling survey were completed in the coast zone; 800 samples for 210 Pb/ 137 Cs were collected from 14 columns; 15 samples were analysed using 14 C dating method; a total 64 kms of investigations in nine profiles using profile lines at sea; and surveys at 100 geologic sites were also completed Coastal and shallow sea area in the north of the Shandong Peninsula This study area ranges from 3700 to 3800N and from to 123E in the northeast of the Shandong Peninsula and is the range of a whole marine survey map sheet at 1:250,000 scales. The coast and shallow sea here cover an area of about 19,000 km 2. The aims are clarify the influences of geologic hazards and human activities on the environments and work out proper countermeasures, to compile the 1:250,000-scale map of environmental geology and map of geologic hazards and of bottom material types for the study area, to investigate late Quaternary shallow sediments (within 50 m depth), and to build up a relevant data base of environmental geology. In 2005, 65 offshore seafloor surface samples were collected; 306 seafloor surface samples were geochemical analyzed; a remote sensing interpretation of geology in the coast zone of the study area was undertaken; interpretation of 1,800 km of shallow seismic profile in the study area was completed and a map of Holocene sediment thickness compiled; the distribution of geologic hazards in the study area was mapped; and a data base for geologic surveys established Qingdao City and its offshore area The aim of this project is to meet the needs of economic construction in Qingdao City, clarify the bottom compositions and pollution situation in the sea farms and the influences on the quality of the aquatic products, and to provide basic data for the coastal plan and establish a network of data bases. In 2005, 50 bottom water samples, 20 biosamples, 50 pore water samples, 600 km 2 of soil area survey, 600 surface soil samples, 150 deep soil samples, 3500 sites of soil survey for natural radioactivity, 50 seafloor surface samples; and two shallow bore holes for engineering geology were completed. The survey, revealed the geochemical characteristics of bottom seawater, pore water, sediments and organisms in the Qingdao offshore aquatic ecosystem and factors controlling the distribution of trace metals in sediments and bottom water. 108 maps for geochemical elements in surface and deep soil on land and a map of seafloor sediment types in the Qingdao offshore area were compiled on the basis of quantitative data. The sedimentary structure and engineering geologic characteristics of different layers in the study area were evaluated and a natural radioactive survey in field was completed. These studies will help researchers to evaluate living environments in Qingdao City. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 93 CCOP Technical Secretariat

89 Off the Yangtze River Mouth The aim of this project is to study sedimentary dynamics and carry out a sediment background survey in the offshore Yangtze River mouth, monitoring changes in the sedimentary environment so as to serve the sustainable development in the Yangtze River delta area. At present, understanding of the characteristics of sediment background and sediment-dynamics off the Yangtze River mouth is based on studies made prior to the flow cut-off by the Three Gorges Dam. The data acquired for evolutional tendency, geochemical characteristics and changes in silty clay depocenters of offshore sediments in the Yangtze River undersea delta during the past two decades are very important to monitor changes in the Yangtze River delta after the flow cut off by the Dam. Work completed in 2005 has included 1,205 hours of four-ship synchronous sedimentdynamic survey to measure seawater salinity, current velocity, water depth and turbidity, and collection of 731 suspended load samples. Investigations of three remote-sensing sections of 142 kms total length in the study area were also completed Nearshore area of the Pearl River Mouth Using different geologic and geophysical methods are being used to study submarine topography, geomorphic features, seafloor sediment types, shallow stratigraphic structure, and physical-mechanical properties of different soil layers, analyze seawater chemistry and contamination, investigate seawater kinetic conditions and dynamic sedimentation in the key areas, clarify the types and distribution of potential geologic hazards, predict changes in geologic environment and make hazard reduction and prevention suggestions, and to provide systematic elementary data and a scientific basis for environmental protection and hazard reduction and prevention. The work completed in 2005 included collection of 60 seafloor surface samples, seawater sampling at 41 station, a single-channel seismic survey, side-scanning sonar and shallow seismic profiling each of km, drilling of a total of 71.4 m at two sites; km of multiple parameter marine survey; in-situ water sample analysis (to measure water temperature, ph and Eh values, suspensions, and dissolved oxygen) at 41 stations; and 3810 km 2 of satellite remote sensing interpretation International Symposiums on Coastal Geology On November, 2005, the 2 nd Sino-American Relations Symposium was held in Beijing. This Symposium consisted of two parts: one part was focused on the policies of diplomacy, economy and trade, science and technology between China and the United States, and other part was for the sciences and research in the form of round table meetings. These mainly explored the opportunities for cooperation in the fields of agriculture, environmental protection, public health, energy resources, education, and coastal geology etc. This Sino- American Relations Symposium had 13 round-table meetings but ALERT-2 (see below) was the only one with earth sciences as the theme. ALERT-2 was a joint action of the China Geological Survey (CGS), the US Geological Survey (USGS) and Texas A&M University. The theme of ALERT-2 was Monitoring and Restoration of Coastal Geologic Hazards. The Sino-American scientists had academic exchanges on their latest progress in the development of coastal geologic investigations and research, and all agreed with further cooperation of the three sides (CGS, USGS and TAMU) in coastal geologic surveys and in information technology. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 94 CCOP Technical Secretariat

90 The 6 th International Forum on Marine Science and Technology and Economic Development in 2005 The 6 th International Forum on Marine Science and Technology and Economic Development was held on July, 2005 in Qingdao. This Forum was under the auspices of the Development Research Center of the State Council, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, the State General Bureau of Environmental Protection, the State Oceanic Administration, China Society of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, the National Science Foundation, China Society of Oceanology, and Qingdao People s Government, and was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology. Taking Development and Sustainable Development in Coastal Zones as the theme, the Forum involved in many specific subjects covering development and usage of coastal resources, ecologic environmental protection in the coastal zone, marine industrial and economic development, prevention and control of marine natural calamities, and comprehensive coastal improvement. Nearly 300 academicians, experts and scholars from home and abroad took part in the Forum. 5. GEOHAZARDS PROGRAMME 5.1. Summary In 2005, county and city-level geologic hazards surveys were conducted and survey results were comprehensively analyzed and integrated. In accordance with the request of the National Geologic Hazard Precaution and Control Program, work in severe geologic hazard regions such as Qin-Ba and the loess plateau, southwest mountainous areas and Xiang-Er mountainous areas were carried out and a monitoring and pre-warning system was set up. A nation-wide survey on land subsidence and geofracturing was almost completed, and a 3D numerical anti disaster platform has been set up. Primary national-level GPS and IN-SAR monitoring networks covering land subsidence and geofractures of the country were constructed, linked to local networks and applied to monitor land subsidence and geofractures in the severely affected regions like the Yangtze River delta, North China, and Fen-Wei rift. The regional crustal stability was evaluated in the areas of important engineering construction and land development of the country such as the Qinghai-Tibet railway and Yunnan-Tibet railway Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities County/city-level geologic hazards survey The survey and regional division of geologic hazards and in 700 counties /cities has been completed. The survey area covered 2 million km 2. Not only geologic hazards have been ascertained, but also a county-town-village three level monitoring system has been established. Using touch screen, the achievement of the survey and the regional division of geologic hazards has been displayed to the public. The results provide technical support for geologic hazard forecast and form an important basis for compiling geologic hazard prevention and treatment plans across the country Land subsidence survey and monitoring in the Yangtze River delta The monitoring networks of land subsidence, GPS and groundwater regime which cover all regions of the delta have been set up. A 3D automatic monitoring system was connected in some important cities and some specific land subsidence influenced areas. This Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 95 CCOP Technical Secretariat

91 consists of previous benchmarks and standard marks buried at different depths and in bedrocks. A map showing annual land subsidence was drawn up for the first time in this area so that people can now see the regional distribution of land subsidence Land subsidence survey and monitoring in North China plain In-SAR data were collected over 10,000 km 2 of Cangzhou city and some preliminary results were obtained. A draft report assessing economic loss caused by land subsidence in the North China plain has been worked compiled with the following results. (1) Direct loss reaches 27.9 billion Yuan and indirect loss amounts to 217 billion Yuan; (2) Great loss happened during the period of fast land subsidence that variously took place from area to area. For example, in Tianjing city and Handan city it occurred in the 1960s, Beijing city was affected in the early 1970s and other areas in Hebei province from 1970s to early 1980s; (3) It has been showed that the total land subsidence affected area increased with the passage of time. The ratio of direct loss to indirect loss in Beijing, Tianjing and Hebei is 1:0.89, 1:11.31 and 1:7.49 respectively Survey and monitoring for geofractures and land subsidence in western China A survey on geofractures and land subsidence in Xi An, Tai Yuan and Da Tong over a total area of 1,630 km 2 has been completed and the accumulation amount of land subsidence calculated. Thirty GPS monitoring stacks and 110 standard level marks were established along 13 geofracture zones in Xi an city. The primary results were obtained from GPS measurements and each GPS point s coordinate was determined with horizontal and vertical precision of 0.6mm and 2.7mm respectively. A comprehensive geophysical survey for concealed geofractures and deep structure was conducted along a 25 kilometer long profile and an initial interpretation made. A major land subsidence area of 400 km 2 in Xi an city was monitored using the In-SAR technique and the rate of land subsidence was calculated Research and demonstration of crucial pre-warning techniques for the geological hazards Such functions as real-time monitoring, remote transmission and networking of information for geological hazards have been achieved. Monitoring and pre-warning demonstration stations installed with advanced equipment were set up. Chinese manufactured Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) and Pore Pressure Gauge systems were successfully applied at the demonstration stations. Four monitoring and pre-warning demonstration stations were established in the county of Wushan, Sichuan province. The BOTDR technique was demonstrated and was applied to geological hazards monitoring (e.g. landslides). The circuit of the optical fiber sensor monitoring system was designed and tested. Research on optimization and integration of monitoring techniques for geological hazards has been ititiated. A 3D geological numerical model had been established in Wushan. Equipments for monitoring groundwater temperature and radon gas have been developed Monitoring and pre-warning demonstrations for the typical geological hazards Monitoring and pre-warning demonstrations for typical geological hazards were conducted in the counties of Ya an and Wushan, Sichuan province, and in the relevant areas of Jiangxi province. An evaluation of danger posed by regional geological hazards was made and serial maps compiled. A rainfall-based landslide forecast model has been developed. A Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 96 CCOP Technical Secretariat

92 database management system and 3D visualization system for the Xiakou landslide is already in operation. Two sets of a satellite-based real time monitoring and transmission system were installed in Xiakou.. The system automatically collects such data as rainfall precipitation, water level, water temperature and displacement and instantly transmits the information to the monitoring center in Beijing. Following data treatment in the center, a pre-warning for a landslide is released to the public Survey and evaluation of regional crustal stability in the areas of important engineering construction (1) Survey on active fault zones along Qinghai-Tibet Railway. Fifteen GPS points for use in monitoring crustal deformation and active faults were set up between the Tang Gula-Lasa section of the railway and the middle of the Lasa tectonic block. InSAR remote sensing data of Kunlun mountain area have been processed and highaccuracy crustal deformation data prior to an 8.1(Richter Scate) earthquake. Crustal stresses are measured at two boreholes, with depths of 180 m and 120 m respectively, in Xi Datian and Anduo using the hydraulic fracturing technique. In Xi Dantan, meters for measuring crustal stress and deformation, earth temperature, groundwater level and atmospheric temperature were installed. The data thus obtained can be automatically transmitted over a long distance. This is the first modern, unmanned and automatic monitoring station of crustal stress in China. (2) Survey and evaluation of crustal stability along the Yunnan-Tibet Railway. Construction of a Yunnan-Tibet Railway going through the Lijiang-Xianggelila section has been planned. Based on the geological survey, the previously recommended west line (i.e. the section between Yufeng temple tunnel in northwest of Lijiang and Jinsha River Bridge) is considered to pose many geological problems. The railway line from Lijiang to Lijiang-Xianggelila, going through so called Ancient Tea and Horse Road between Lijiang and Hutiao Gorge, may be the best option. This line, would run from Lijiang to the west through Lashihai and the watershed areas, across the Jinsha River at or north of the spring tufa adjacent to the village of Shangyuan, then along the west bank of the Jinsha River to Lazangu, subsequently following the Zhongdian valley to the north, and finally matching the former recommended line nearby Yusige. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 6.1. Summary In 2005, the China Geological Survey initiated the first round of investigations and evaluation of groundwater contamination from inorganic and organic contaminants in cities, populated areas and important economic zones. It also carried out the investigation of environmental geologic problems in 330 cities, continuously ascertained the status, hazard extent, causes and trends of critical environmental geologic problems in large rivers, streams and important economic zones. It continued to strengthen environmental investigation and evaluation of hydrogeology and desertification at a scale of 1;50,000 in the main karst river basins within eight southwestern provinces. The demonstration of ground water development and land renovation in typical karst river basins of Qian, Gui, Dian provinces was continued. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 97 CCOP Technical Secretariat

93 6.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Investigation and evaluation of environmental geology in the main urban areas of the country Environmental geological surveys in the cities of Haikou, Sanya, Dongfang and Zhanzhou of Hannan Province, in the cites of Lanzhou, Tianshui, Dingxi, Banyin of Gansu Province, and in the cites of Daqing, Hegang, Mudanjiang, Jixi, Jiamusi of Heilongjiang Province were undertaken. Research was started into methods of risk assessment of geological environments for land utilization and research on relationships between city distribution and urban environmental geology and regional geology background together with the regional distribution patterns of geological environmental problems. The primary evaluation of environmental geology problems in some main urban areas such as the provinces of Hainan, Gansu, Heilongjiang and around Bohai Sea was made. Analysis and evaluation methods for the types of geological problems, their distribution and development mechanisms in the cities of China, were made for the city engineering geology environment Geological environment investigation and evaluation of national mines Interim reports of synthetic study made on the mine geological environment have been compiled for 12 provinces, such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan. "A Technical Guidance for National Mine Geology Environment Investigation" has been revised. An evaluation index system for mine geology environments has been tentatively established. Database integration and an updated information system of geology environment investigation have been completed in these provinces, where plans for environment restoration and improvement of the mines have been made. Mine geological environment investigations have come to end in 19 provinces including Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Anhui, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Hainan Groundwater and environmental geological investigations in the southwest karst areas. Combined hydrogeological investigations covering 20,000 km 2 of key river basins in eight southwestern provinces has been finished. It is proved that an area of 113,000 km 2 is experiencing desertification. Development and utilization of karst groundwater in areas like the XiaoJiang river basin of Yunnan, the Jumu underground river of Guizhou and Xintian of Hunan have proved successful. Engineering demonstration of a non-dam karst water reservoir in Fuliulang of Guangxi province will make an important contribution Environmental geological investigation and vulnerability evaluation around the Bohai Sea area The changes in geological environment and coastal shore line around the Bohai Sea area since the Holocene Epoch are clear. Considering factors such as surface subsidence, sea level fluctuation and storm tides, a warning prediction on the trend of environmental variation around Bohai Sea area was made. It is known where it is suitable to build a subsurface reservoir and how much groundwater can be adjusted in the area. There are 26 subsurface sites for emergency water supply to the main cities around the Bohai Sea area. The installation of the ground distortion monitoring network around the Bohai coastal zone has been completed. Sixteen and twenty underground GPS observation points, respectively, have Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 98 CCOP Technical Secretariat

94 been installed along the coastal zone from Yunqing County in Shandong province to Yantai city, and from Qinhangdao of Hebei province to Dalian Environmental geological investigation in the Huaihe River basin The status of groundwater quality and contamination in approximately 80,000 km 2 of the Huaihe River basin has been investigated. The water aquifer, at less than 20 m depth, is the main water source for countryside living in the basin and it has generally suffered various degrees of pollution. It is shown that only 4.37% of investigated areas belong to I ~ III type water which is potable, 49.81% of the area contributes IV type water which is potable after processing, and V type water, which is not potable, occupies 45.82% of the area. Water quality components exceeding the national permitted standard are mainly three forms of nitrogen, chloride, total hardness, fluoride, iron, manganese and total dissolved solids. Groundwater between 20-50m deep is slightly polluted. It is showed that I ~ III type of water occupies 11.5% of the investigated area, IV type of water occupies 70.0% of the area, and V type of water is up to 18.5% of the area. The excessive components of the groundwater are mainly chloride, sulfate, fluoride, total hardness, nitrate, iron, manganese and dissolved solids. The quality of groundwater at more than 50 m depth is generally better. Statistics show that water quality in most areas is good with the characteristics of I ~ III type water accounting for 52.5% of the investigated area, IV type water 36.2%, and V type water 1.3%. Excessive components are mainly fluoride, chloride, sulfate, total hardness, total dissolved solids, and nitrate. GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEO-DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 7.1. Summary Extensive progress has been made during the past several years in geo-data and geoinformation management in China. The Digital Land program has been continued and several fundamental geo-databases have been developed. New information technology had also been developed and applied to land use monitoring, geological survey, mineral exploration and government administration. Stricter regulations are being adopted in China for land use and mineral resource exploitation and are being overseen by means of "supervising in the sky, investigating on the land, and managing on the web". The China Geological Survey (CGS) carried out 34 projects concerning geoinformation in 2005, including 11 projects for geo-database development and 11 projects for geological survey information provision. Databases of the following: regional geological and hydro-geological maps, marine geology, geological work index, aero-geophysics, remote sensing, geochemistry and geological archives have been updated or newly developed and data coordination and integration have also been done in the process. New progress has also been made in the field of geological data collection, geo-data integration and processing, software development, administration networking, systematic projects management and issuing of geo-standards. A big step has also been taken in recent years for geo-information dissemination to the public. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 99 CCOP Technical Secretariat

95 7.2. Annual Review of Technical Programs/Activities Database for land and resource management Under the Digital Land programme, land use and mineral exploration and exploitation databases at national, provincial, city and county levels have been improved in application. One hundred and forty nine solid mineral deposits were logged in the database system and updated each year. Databases of mineral resource planning, exploration and mining licenses, national land use planning, 1:500,000 scale land use and remote sensed monitoring of Beijing area are being utilized and updated Land and resource management network, projects and standards Thirty-one nation-wide network stations at provincial level had been developed, and web security improved. Dynamic information is available to the public and a "one stop" service is now available in many provinces. There are about 7400 nation-wide organizations for land and resource management utilizing the e-government system in their daily work. A new program Golden Land, focusing on e-government and land and mineral resource management was launched early this year. A project on scientific data sharing via the Internet, which is being implemented by the Ministry of Land and Resources, has achieved much, both in network linking and in data release on the web. More than 50 national standards for geo-information work have been issued so far for data collection, storage, processing, application and service. A "Geo-information guide to land and resources", a report on "Core metadata standards for land and resources information" and several other important standards have been released and put into practice Geo-database development in CGS in 2005 (1) Regional Geological maps: About 900 sheets of 1:50,000 scale geological maps have been digitized and put into a database. Some 40 sheets of 1:250,000 scale geological mapping data have also been put into a database based on a new spatial geo-database standard. (2) Regional hydro-geological and geo-environmental databases: 965 sheets of 1:200,000 scale maps have been put into a database, and smaller scale regional hydrogeological maps had been digitized, coordinated and put into database in A national database frame of regional geo-environment has been established, and 1:500,000 scale geoenvironmental investigation data for Hubei, Hunan, Gusu, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou province and Tianjin and Chongqing city have been collected, classified and coordinated. (3) Regional geochemical database had been developed in This nation-wide database consists of 1299 Sheets of 1:200,000 scale and 18 Sheets of 1:500,000 scale stream sediment measurements, each consisting of 39 chemical elements. (4) Thematic geological database: 1:200,000 scale natural heavy mineral database and isotopic dating database had been developed, completed, and put into use since 2005, including 1053 sheets of 1:200,000 scale for natural heavy minerals in 27 provinces, and the metadata. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 100 CCOP Technical Secretariat

96 A trial database of China s lithologies has been developed using drill hole data of 4 provinces, test data from different scale mapping sheets of 1:250,000, 1:200,000 and 1:50,000 scales, and 4 geo-scientific research projects. The data management system, software and metadata base has been completed. (5) National geological work index: A Geological work index ( ) of field geological mapping, mineral assessment, hydro-geological, geophysical and geochemical investigation, airborne remote sensing, and the 11 th five-year plan has been developed. It will be updated each year by CGS. (6) Airborne geophysical and remote sensing database: Structure for an airborne geophysical database was formed and more than 500 datasets from different projects in the past have been collected and coordinated. Remote sensing image classification was done in 2005, and a nation-wide TM and ETM database has been developed and put into use at the scale of 1:250,000 during this year. New function modules for Spot1- Spot4 images and Aster images data structure analysis, data input and output have also been added to the database system, including a standard spatial sheet index from 1:10,000 to 1:1,000,000 scale. Three hundred different image datasets have been put into the database. (7) Regional marine geology database: The database structure was established in A data management software system for the Yellow Sea and East Sea was completed this year. Datasets are being coordinated and put into the database. A metadata database is also being developed. (8) Digital archive and information database: Twelve thousand geological reports have been digitized, and some 800GB of digital archives have been stored in a database named Digital Library. One thousand two hundred and eleven new-round geological survey reports have been edited and transformed into a database. An index of geo-scientific papers published in 2005 and thousands of geological periodical abstracts of 2005 have been keyed into the database which is updated annually. (9) National mineral deposit database: A national mineral deposits database had been developed for non-ferrous, metallic, gold, coal, building materials, chemical industry and radioactive resources. Information on some 33,000 different scale mines and mineralized sites have been collected. (10) A database of geological specimens has also been developed since 2005 by CGS. Data structure and data managing procedure are established on a simulation of actual daily work for rock samples transfer, storage, lending out and return. Also in CGS, the 1:2,500,000 scale geological map database of China, in both Chinese and English, was completed and wall maps were published and put onto the web in 2005 for free download. A technique for data transfer form ArcGIS to MapGIS for database development was also innovated in This allows CGS to collect, store and express geodata in both of the two most popular GIS formats in China Field geological data acquisition and data processing (1) A digital field-data acquisition system for regional geological survey, named RGMAP, was improved in This provides a tool for both field and home data collection. Nation-wide training courses were organized for more than 1,200 provincial geologists. Some 80 sheets of field mapping work started in 2005 under the guidance of digital mapping. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 101 CCOP Technical Secretariat

97 Geological mapping at the scale of 1:250,000 will collect field data digitally from this year and most of the geological mapping teams in China are equipped with the system for data collection. (2) A field data acquisition system for solid mineral exploration, especially for larger scale mapping of mining areas, has also been improved according to national standard DZ/T Additional functions for three-dimensional visualization, deposit reserves estimation, automatic single ore-body and multiple ore bodies enveloping, profile maps charts and various statistics have been completed together with a guidebook and the trial version put into use. More than 400 mineral exploration experts have taken the training courses, and 26 mineral resource investigation projects are now using this system for field data acquisition. (3) An underground water investigation data acquisition system and geological hazard data acquisition system have also been improved after one year of testing. Functions of data coordination have been added, and standards for data collection procedure have been improved. Upgraded versions are now being further tested in the field. A technical support website for digital field geological data collection was planned in 2005 and put into use this year Geological data processing and synthesis system (1) The self-developed GIS package, GeoExpl, for geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing and mineral deposit data handling, synthetic processing and spatial analysis was developed in 2004 and is now in use by more than 320 earth scientists and exploration experts after three training courses held in (2) A national standard regional gravity information system, RGIS2.0, for gravity data management, coordination and processing had been improved. The second training course and software updating for 6 regional centers and all the provinces of China will be held this year. (3) Software for mineral exploration data integration has been coded. The main functions are generalized data description, storage and handling for field mapping data and reserve evaluation, profile maps, charts and other maps for statistics and 3D display of ore bodies, and ore body tracing and delimiting from drill holes. (4) A software package named MORAS for mineral resource assessments based on MapGIS, a Chinese GIS package, has been put into use in Functions for mineral resource assessment were improved in (5) CGS has invested in 3D geo-data model development since Related software, like Micromine, Sourpac, GW3D and MapGIS were studied in D data coordination has been done for typical mining areas in 5 provinces, including 1600 drill holes and 32 geo-hydrological profiles. (6) The main platform and frame of an underground water data processing and analysis system was developed in An underground water modeling method was summarized and a primary regional rainfall data model for the Heihe River and North China were established. A 3D geo-data managing platform software for Shanghai city had been developed early this year. A primary data model for underground water quality evaluation was also developed. Simple integration of underground water modeling with this system has Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 102 CCOP Technical Secretariat

98 been completed and put into testing application for geo-environment monitoring in several provinces Network development and geo-standards in CGS Computer network An office automation system was developed at the headquarters of CGS for administration, information sharing, user identification and service in the past few years. The headquarters now connects with its 6 regional branch centers with a backbone network and provincial geological organizations with a broadband Internet. Network operation and maintenance have become a routine daily task, and CGS website information is regularly updated in both Chinese and English. With the development of a systematic information system based on the web this year, the management of geological project information, such as proposal, task paper, time period, design and examination, project progress, quality control, result confirmation and acceptance can now connect directly to an information system of geological survey results, including the archive index. A geo-data dissemination system was developed in 2005 and has been put into use this year. Information of all digital and traditional geological maps and geo-archives are available on the web. Upgrading of the geo-data dissemination system, to be an integrated data and information dissemination platform based on WebGIS and Geo-Grid technology, is being carried out this year with a link to the National Scientific Data Net Standards and metadata of CGS A systematic geological information standard system has been built in CGS since More than 30 standards for field data acquisition, geo-database development, quality control and metadata have been adopted in CGS. Several standards for field data collection, geo-information metadata and digital product quality will be released this year. Recent main activities on geo-standards are listed as follows: (1) Metadata standard CGS adopted CCOP 28-item metadata standard as a core metadata standard in 2003, and completed a broad coverage metadata standard named China geo-information metadata standard in 2004 based on national standards and ISO This new standard has become a whole coverage metadata standard for geo-science, including spatial and non-spatial data. Metadata collector, a software kit on the web, was also coded and put into use in Thousands of new metadata had been collected in An English version of this standard has also been issued for international geo-information exchange and cooperation. (2) Geological model study A basic geological data description model was built primarily based on object and feature and the third generation of geographic database modeling technology. The first stage on coding of all the disciplines of geo-science is being issued and classified this year nationwide by some 100 experts. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 103 CCOP Technical Secretariat

99 (3) Other geo-information standards A standard of quality evaluation on the digital geological and mineral products was issued in 2005 and a revised version was improved this year. Standards on systematic geological survey data and geo-environment and geo-hazard data integration models are being drafted this year. Standards for geo-hazard data collection and databases are improved and the standard of digital geological archive format is being issued this year. Some other standards have also been issued since 2005, such as hydro-geological information standard systematic frame, groundwater investigation information and digital field data collection of geological hazards. (4) Metadata and SANGIS work in CCOP As a member country of CCOP, China has completed geological map metadata collection, and submitted more than 1400 metadata to CCOP T/S and metadata working group. Translation of Asian Multilingual Thesaurus on Geoscience was finished ahead of time and has been submitted to CCOP T/S for publishing. The Chinese version of SANGIS was completed in 2005 and training course was also successfully held in Beijing in CGS is now planning to submit/upload geological bibliographic data to CCOP SANGIS server/website this year for sharing geo-information within CCOP Member Countries and the rest of the world Geological data and information dissemination CGS released on time at its website ( new metadata of national databases and titles of geological archives. Brief introductions to 15 national geological databases and titles of some 90,000 geological reports have been released in both a booklet and on the Internet in As an example, the 1:2,500,000 scale geological map of China was released on the web in both Chinese and English for free download. Systematic database maintenance, data updating, management and processing are carried out continuously for geological survey projects in the country and for data dissemination to the public. CGS has provided more than 14,000 archives and over 200 series of disc of different scale of geological maps and geological index databases amounting to some 280 GB to local governments, scientific organizations, rail way constructors, universities, project geologists, and mining companies since July This included a variety of geological maps, regional geophysical data, regional geochemical data, historical geological data, and vector and image data and newly completed geological reports. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 104 CCOP Technical Secretariat

100 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of Indonesia Submitted by Delegation of Indonesia (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 105 CCOP Technical Secretariat

101 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: INDONESIA Period: 1 July June MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR During the period July 2005 to June 2006, several activities took place under the minerals programme. The most important of these activities were work on the inventory and evaluation of metallic minerals in several prospective areas, exploration for iron, the inventory and evaluation of non metallic minerals and inventory of industrial minerals. Under this programme research was also conducted on the delineaton of metallogenic belts. Research and exploration of placer deposits was carried out in Kalimantan. In support of the autonomous regions, the activities related to the mineral programme were concerned with inventories of the potential of both metallic and industrial minerals and also energy resources. Another current activity is the updating of the mineral deposits database system with a relational database management system Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Under the project of the Center for Geological Resources (until end of 2005, the Directorate of Mineral Resources Inventory) work on the inventory and evaluation of metallic minerals has been carried out in several prospective areas in the provinces of Lampung, West Sumatera, South east Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, East Nusatenggara and Central Java. The project involved fieldwork that consisted of rock and ore sampling, mapping of alteration zones, geochemical mapping and geological mapping. These activities have resulted in prospect identification for base metals (Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Mo), and precious metals (Au and Ag). Iron exploration has been carried out in the Provinces of Lampung and West Sumatera. This project involved fieldwork to identify type of deposits, grade and hypothetical estimated potential reserves. Inventory and evaluation of non metallic minerals has been carried out in 12 selected regencies in the provinces of Lampung, Riau, North Sumatera, South Sulawesi, East Nusatenggara and West Nusatenggara. Prospective deposits of industrial minerals reported in this project include limestone, andesite, granite, granodiorite, basalt, ultrabasics, clay/ball clay, pebble, sands, marble, feldspar, bentonite, kaolinite, quartz sands and zeolite. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 107 CCOP Technical Secretariat

102 The Geological Survey Institute has been working in the metallogenic belts of Java, Sumatera and Kalimantan. This project involved fieldwork consisting of detailed mapping and rock and ore sampling. The activities have resulted in the delineation of potential ore deposits and a better understanding of the distribution of ore deposits within the metallogenic belts. Research and exploration on placer deposits has been conducted in East and Central Kalimantan. This project involved facies and paleochannel study and mapping, drilling and core sampling. The aim of these activities is to delineate potential gold and diamond deposits. The project related to supporting the autonomous regions that has been implemented by working on an inventory of the potential for metallic and industrial mineral resources, oil, gas and coal, involved mapping and sampling of rocks and ores within each district of the autonomous region. The result of these activities is useful information on the potential for minerals and energy resources in the autonomous region and this information is presented 1: scale maps. 2. ENERGY PROGRAMME 2.1. Hydrocarbons Summary The hydrocarbons sector activities of CCOP during July 2005 to June 2006 included activities of the Petroleum Policy and Management (PPM) and Institutional capacity Building (ICB) phase-1 Projects. Indonesia was the host country of a case study and participated in other countries case studies for PPM and a participating member in other countries case studies for ICB. The petroleum exploration activities in Indonesia, as recorded during , showed a fluctuation in terms of the number of wells drilled. Since 2001, up to 2005, the drilling of onshore wells tended to be more intensive compared to drilling offshore. Increased discoveries were made since 2003 to The 2D and 3D seismic survey activities took place both in offshore and onshore areas with totals of 13,485 and 500,145 km 2, respectively in The Bidding Round for the acreage offered during consisted of regular tenders and direct proposals. The 15 blocks that were offered in the bidding round through the year of 2005 were signed and 41 opened acreages, consisting of 12 new acreages and 8 available blocks offered for tender and the remainder offered for direct proposal, are available for the bidding round of Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities a. Petroleum Policy and Management Project An Expert Visit, part of the PPM Project activity, was conducted during December 13-14, 2005, in Carita Beach, West Java. This visit was to give a short course on Deepwater Technology. The lecturer was Dr. Arnfinn from Norway. A total number of 18 participants, coming from LEMIGAS, Directorate EP MIGAS, and from other CCOP Member Countries, attended the course. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 108 CCOP Technical Secretariat

103 The 4 th Workshop of the Indonesia PPM Case Study was held from July 13-17, 2006, in Jakarta. A total number of 45 participants attended the workshop, consisting of 14 participants from abroad and 27 local participants from the government agencies and from oil companies in Indonesia, 2 resource persons from Norway and 2 from the CCOP Technical Secretariat. The main topic of the workshop was EOR/IOR Technologies and the Role of Government to Attracting New Investment in a Mature Basin. The Dissemination Seminar of the Indonesia PPM Case Study was held on August 3, 2006 in Jakarta. A total number of 75 participants attended the seminar, mostly from LEMIGAS. This seminar was opened by the Head of the Research and Development Agency for Energy and Mineral Resources and officially closed by the Permanent Representative of Indonesia to CCOP. Participation by Indonesia in the ICB Project activities consisted of an Inception Phase Meeting held from May 2005 in Bangkok, a Case Study Workshop & Field Study in Eastern Sabah held from 26 February 5 March 2006, Petroleum System Modelling Software User Training and Application held from 8 13 May 2006 in Hanoi, and a Course in Organic Geochemistry and Petrology in Petroleum Exploration held from September 2006 in Beijing. b. Drilling activities Exploration drilling activities both in offshore and onshore areas, recorded from 2000 to 2005, indicate that the highest drilling activities were in 2001 with a total of 106 wells. In the following years, up to 2005, there was a general decrease. The lowest drilling activity was in 2003 when only 64 wells were drilled, followed by a slight increase to 71 and 68 wells in 2004 and 2005, respectively. c. New Oil and Gas Discoveries As recorded in the period of , the oil discovery trend increased from 1,329 MMBOE to 1,517 MMBOE, and then significantly decreased to 359,402 and 13,244 MMBOE in the years of 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively. The peak of gas discovery was attained in 2000, reaching 1,427 MMBOE, and then decreased to 774,855, 691,647 and 49, 22 MMBOE in the years 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 respectively. The new oil and gas discoveries, especially during 2003 to 2005, were located in the offshore area West Natuna, onshore South Sumatera, onshore West Java, offshore East Java, offshore East Kalimantan and offshore Central Arm of Sulawesi. d. The 2D and 3D seismic survey activities Surveys both in offshore and onshore areas figured in The records of seismic activities show that the total for 2D seismic survey was 13,485 km 2 which consisted of 8,019 km 2 offshore and 5,446 km 2 onshore. However, 3D seismic surveying activity was less intensive, attaining only 5, km 2 divided into 429 km 2 offshore and km 2 onshore. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 109 CCOP Technical Secretariat

104 e. Contracts Signed Although the statistics show that the signing of the contracts between oil companies and the government was relatively increased from 1999 to 2004, there was a drop in 2002 to only 2 contracts. In the last two years, during 2005 and 2006, 15 and 6 contracts respectively were signed between oil companies and the government. The type of contracts signed during 2005 and 2006 were mostly of PSC standard with subordinates PSC extension terms. f. Petroleum Bidding Round Year 2006 In the 2006, Indonesia Petroleum Bidding Round a total of 41 blocks located in both offshore and onshore areas were offered. The procedure to acquire the blocks included both tender and direct proposals to the Government of Indonesia. Twelve new acreages and 8 available blocks are offered by tender and the remainders (21 blocks) are offered by direct proposal. For some of these areas, especially in Eastern Indonesia, new fiscal regimes were also introduced by terms and conditions, based on incentive packages and the geological risk potential Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities The PPM Project was completed in June 2006, but is expected to be continued by the Practice Knowledge Management (PKM)/Enhancing Public Practice Management (EPPM) Project. This proposed new project is being prepared by CCOP Member Countries, and will be presented to the selected Donor Country to seek approval. Indonesia as one of the CCOP Member Countries fully supports and intends to participate in the PKM/EPPM Project. The Programme of Postgraduate Grants for CCOP Member Countries is still required to support Human Resources Development in the field of Petroleum Geosciences in Indonesia. An ICB Project activity of a Workshop, Training and Field Study is also proposed to be held in Indonesia in The topic of Northeast Java Basin as a Field Laboratory for Oil and Gas Training seems to be most relevant for geoscientists to learn about a prolific hydrocarbon basin in Indonesia. This activity, if approved, will be conducted by The Training Center for Oil and Gas, Cepu Others The status of the resources of several basins in the Eastern Indonesia region has been calculated and reported by LEMIGAS in 2005 and the status of resources in the Western Indonesia region will be updated by LEMIGAS in The status of Oil and Gas Reserves in Indonesia is also reported annually by LEMIGAS and the current status of Oil and Gas Reserves (year 2006) is being evaluated. The Coal Bed Methane (CBM) Pilot Project, led by LEMIGAS, has been implemented in the Rambutan Oil field, South Sumatera. During 2005 two wells were drilled in the oil field and an additional three wells were drilled in 2006 in order to prove the CBM potential of the field. Research on Hydrocarbon potential of Halmahera, Bintuni, Pati and East Java Basins was being conducted by LEMIGAS in Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 110 CCOP Technical Secretariat

105 2.2. Geothermal Summary Indonesia has a large potential for geothermal resources amounting to at least 27 GWe. During the period July 2005 to June 2006, the activities for geothermal were included establishment of five location inventories, and three location explorations. These activities involving work by the government as well as private companies have further identified a total of 253 geothermal fields with total energy potential of about 27,794 Mwe. These include 9,415 Mwe of speculative resources, 4,201 Mwe of hypothetical resources, 10,723 Mwe of possible reserves, 1,450 probable reserves and 2,002 Mwe of proven reserves. A seminar on geothermal energy was also held during activities in the 2006 fiscal year. A master plan for the study of geothermal resources development was designed with joint cooperation with the Japanese (JICA) Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities a. Geothermal inventory In Indonesia, geothermal resources are distributed along the main Indonesian volcanic belts. At least 253 additional geothermal fields were further identified during inventory compilation. The majority of those fields (65%) are in status of preliminary survey. Activities during July 2005 to June 2006 involved five inventory projects in Sumatera, Java and West Nusatenggara and East Nusatenggara. b. Exploration The Geological Agency, Department of Energy and Mineral Resources, carried out well monitoring and drilling of two exploration wells in Mataloko Geothermal Field, Flores. These activities are a continuation of previous works on a programme for preparing a small scale (2.5 Mwe) geothermal development as a contribution to national electricity capacity in remote islands. Geothermal exploration and development were carried out in Bali and North Sulawesi. This was done by a private company. c. Other geothermal activities To accelerate geothermal development in Indonesia, as guided by the Indonesia geothermal development roadmap , the Geological Agency conducted a national seminar on geothermal resources on April 3 4, The Indonesia Government in joint cooperation with the Japanese Government (JICA) has carried out a study of a master plan of geothermal development in Indonesia. This has been further continued by research activities in selected areas. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 111 CCOP Technical Secretariat

106 3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 3.1. Summary In the period July 2005 to June 2006, the groundwater activities include groundwater mapping, monitoring and research. An inventory of groundwater basin potential was also undertaken during this fiscal year. Groundwater drilling in areas of limited water potential and monitoring of wells were carried out during this year s activities. Groundwater mapping was carried out for six sheets of 1: scales. Groundwater research involved groundwater modeling and conservation, while groundwater monitoring drilling both deep and shallow wells for monitoring purposes.. The inventory of groundwater basin potential resulted in maps at 1: scales. The groundwater drilling in the limited water potential area resulted in a total of 58 wells in Central Java, West Nusatenggara, East Nusatenggara, Sumatera, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. Groundwater drilling related to groundwater monitoring involved a total of 3 wells in Central Java, East Java and West Nusatenggara. Other activities related to the groundwater programme during this fiscal year were community education and regulations for implementation of the Water Law No. 22, 1999 and Government Regulation No. 25, Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Groundwater mapping of 1: scales was carried out in sheets of Sorong (West Papua), Wetar (Maluku), Tapaktuan (North Sumatera), Ketaun (Bengkulu), Sampanahan (South Kalimantan) and Ketapang (West Kalimantan. These activities were done by the Center for Environmental Geology, Geological Agency. Groundwater research including detail mapping and geophysical methodology was focused on groundwater modeling and defining well-drilling sites in the area of limited water potential. This activity is also undertaken by the Center for Environmental Geology, Geological Agency. Groundwater monitoring activities covers drilling both deep and shallow monitoring wells. Drilling of monitoring wells was carried out in Bandung, West Java, Semarang, Central Java and Malang, East Java. These wells, with average depth 200 meters, are located in the areas where exploitation of groundwater is increasing intensively. Fifty-eight wells in areas of limited potential were constructed in West Java, Central Java, East Java, West Nusatenggara, East Nusatenggara, Sumatera, Kalimantan and Sulawesi. The Center for Environment Geology has conducted a socialization seminar on groundwater with emphasis on Water Law No. 22, 1999 and Government Regulation No. 25, 2000 concerning regulation implementation. This activity has been encouraged and followed by local government. Preparation of a draft of a Government Regulation (a technical guide for groundwater management) was carried out by the Directorate of Geothermal and Groundwater Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Groundwater modeling. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 112 CCOP Technical Secretariat

107 4. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME 4.1. Summary GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR During the period July 2005 to June 2006, activities related to the coastal zone covered research in coastal zone and marine geological and geophysical surveys and mapping. These activities have been conducted in several areas in Kalimantan, Sulawesi and West Java. The aims of the activities were to collect coastal geological information, carry out sampling of sea floor surface sediments and bathymetric and single channel seismic reflection surveys. Starting in 2006, The Marine Geological Research and Development Centre has also conducted a project entitled Submarine Features and Toponim of Indonesian Waters Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities A project concerning thematic coastal zone survey and coastal resources management in Indonesia is being carried out by the Marine Geological Research and Development Center. This project is appropriate for planning and development of Local Government, especially along the coastal zone and its surroundings. The main results of the project activities are as follows: Results from a biogenic gas survey in the Kakap area, West Kalimantan, found that the potential was distributed in the delta and the surrounding area. Processing of high resolution seismic data utilizing uniboom as the sound source at the delta area discovered indications of gas accumulations in Holocene and Quaternary sediments. The indications were shown by reflector patterns such as acoustic turbidity, enhanced reflectors, acoustic blanking, multiple reflectors and diffraction hyperbolas. Results of coastal characteristics mapping showed that in the survey area the morphology of the Kapuas river delta that consisted of delta plain, delta front and prodelta. The delta area is composed of mangrove vegetated islands and channels. The Mahakam Delta is one of the unique examples of a deltaic depositional environment that was the subject for much research. Geologically, this delta belongs to the Kutai Basin that has been known for resources of petroleum and natural gas. The surveys in the Mahakam Delta on the basis of its geological and geophysical aspects shows a progradation of sediment interpreted as ancient Mahakam Delta of post Holocene. The Pb 210 dating analysis shows that the sedimentation rate of the Mahakam Delta is between cm/year, current velocity is 0,819-1,162 m/s in Mariam River with maximum velocity of m/s. Seismic reflection interpretation of the Gorontalo Basin shows a half-graben structure with depth up to 5000 ms TWT. The eastern part of the Gorontalo Basin has an uplifted structure due to the volcanic activity of Colo volcano. Integrated seismic and magnetic data indicate a basement high and a block faulting structure. Seismic sections also show structural and stratigraphic traps. It also indicated a built up reef, 28.8 km length and 7.5 km wide Survey of the Bayah coast shows that the coast can be divided firstly into sandy beach and sand dunes covering the area around Cipurut and Darmasari, Ujung Karangbokor and Manuk Island, where there are a areas of front of river mouth and coast with very gentle Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 113 CCOP Technical Secretariat

108 slope, secondly boulder and sandy beach covering the coast close to the river mouth of Cihara, Cibobos village, Panggarangan Tourism coast, Timar Panyawungan, Ujung Karangkaraje, Ujung Barat Karangbokor, and Timar Tanjung Layar, and thirdly sea floor morphology with fine grain sediments. The latter is characterized by rough undulation with the deepest 82 meters in depth and the shallowest about 1 20 meters depth. Bathymetric surveys in Sabatik Island show that the water depth of Sebatik waters is 0 to 45 meters. The land structural geology of Sebatik s island continues to the sea floor. Generally the surficial sediments consist of coral reef, silt, sandy silt, clay, sand, silty sand, and slightly gravely sand. The heavy mineral contents consist of magnetite, hematite, hornblende, limonite, zircon, dolomite, pyrite. Rare earth element (REE) contents are lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), lutetium (Lu), niodimium (Nd), ytterbium (Yb). A Survey on submarine Features and Toponim of Indonesian Waters involved data collection of Indonesia s submarine features, which includes basins, trenches, troughs, seamounts, highs, etc; and submarine basins consisting of 66 basins in the Indonesia seafloor. A Study on Banda Ridge System, Eastern Indonesia showed that a feature of two basins that are connected by the Tukang Besi Trough between the western end of the Banda Ridges and east of the Tukang Besi Plateau. This basin has an asymmetric and relatively rugged sea floor with the deepest portion (5,300 m) located southeast of the Tukang Besi Trough Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities The Marine Geological Research and Development Center needs assistance from CCOP in support of coastal survey in the Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, for the planning, development and management strategy of the area, in parallel with the project Coastal Environment Management Strategy of the Delta Region, supported by Japan Tokyo University and GSJ/AIST. 5. GEO-HAZARDS PROGRAMME 5.1. Summary During the period of July 2005 to June 2006, the geohazard sector activities covered monitoring and evaluating potential volcanic, earthquake, landslide, tsunami and other geological hazards. Digital maps concerning earthquake mitigation and a database of destructive earthquakes in the period 1629 to 2006 were also published in this fiscal year. Cooperation with local government on information on geological hazards was also carried out during this fiscal year. Other activities were quick responses to the earthquake disaster region, monitoring active faults and continuing to establish a database of destructive landslides Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The volcanic hazard mitigations actions included monitoring of seismic activity, temperature measurement, visual observation and deformation on active volcanoes to Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 114 CCOP Technical Secretariat

109 recognize the stage of volcanic activities in order to provide an early warning system. These monitoring activities were done on the volcanoes of Talang, Sorik Merapi, Tandikat, Kerinci, Kaba, Dempo, Galunggung, Krakatau, Guntur, Papandayan, Dieng, Slamet, Sundoro, Sumbing, Lamongan, Arjuno, Welirang, Ijen, Lewitobi, Laki-Laki, Agung, Tambora, Inelika, Egon, Sangeangapi, Ebulobo, Colo, Lokon, Awu, Ruang, Iya, Rokatenda, Sirung, Karangetan, Dukono, Saputan, Raung, Semeru, Ciremai, Tangkubanperahu, Ibu, Gamkonora, Gamalama, Banda Api, Lewotolo, and Ilewerung. Quick response to volcano eruption was conducted in Saputan Volcano, Sulawesi, Merapi Volcano, Central Java, Karangetan Volcano, North Sulawesi and Talang Volcano, Sumatera. Earthquake disaster mitigation included compilation of digital maps such as map of earthquake hazards, map of tsunami hazards, and database of destructive earthquakes for the period of 1629 to A quick response due to the due to earthquake hazards was conducted in Yogyakarta. Landslide hazard mitigation included compilation of maps of landslide disaster regions, maps of landslide susceptibility, landslide monitoring reports of the vital area, erosion and sedimentation reports, and continuing to establish a database of destructive landslides. The landslide susceptibility mapping at 1: scale was conducted in Ponorogo and Blitar (East Java), Yogyakarta, Lebak (Banten), South Lampung (Lampung), Toba and Nias (North Sumatera). Routine landslide monitoring by using geodetic methods was carried out in Ciloto-Megamendung, Sumedang and Cadas Pangeran (West Java), Majenang-Wangon, Banjarmangu and Banjarnegara (Central Java) Cooperation with local government on information about geological hazards is carried out in several autonomous regions. These activities provide guidance in identification and mapping of potentially hazardous areas, to give technical recommendations and social education to the local governments concerning protection of the local population from geological hazards. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 6.1. Summary During the period of July 2005 to June 2006, the environmental geology activities covered environmental geological studies of geological hazard prone area, environmental geological study for land-use planning and regional development, and environmental geological study for domestic waste disposal. The environmental geological study for geological hazard prone areas, carried out in the areas where geological disaster occurred, included Nangroe Aceh Darussalam Province and Nias, Yogyakarta and Semarang. The geological study for land-use planning and regional development was undertaken in the autonomous regions or provinces where they have high priority in development programmes or the area that is indicated at a high risk of a change of geological environment. They were carried out in West Java, East Java, South Kalimantan, Maluku and Papua. An intensively geological study for domestic waste disposal was carried out in Bandung City. Another activity related to environmental geology is dissemination of environmental geological information to the staff of local government. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 115 CCOP Technical Secretariat

110 6.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Environmental geological studies been carried out in the areas where geological disasters such as earthquake, tsunamis, volcano eruptions and landslides have occurred. In this fiscal year, these activities have taken place in the following areas: - Nangroe Aceh Darussalam and Nias Island, related to rehabilitation and reconstruction of the region after the tsunamis of December 2004 and March This activity resulted in environmental geological maps, engineering geological maps and land-use geological maps - Yogyakarta, activities related to the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the area damaged due to an earthquake. These activities included a study of seismotectonics, of morphology, active faults, engineering geology and land-use geology. - Semarang, related to study of landslides and active faults. The environmental geological studies for land-use planning and regional development activities were done in the autonomous regions or provinces that they have high priority for their development programme or the regions in which high risk of environmental damage is indicated. They include areas subject to illegal mining and some areas where land-use development take place without consideration of geological conditions. The activities resulted in the compilation of environmental geological maps, quaternary geological maps, neotectonic maps and reports of geology. In 2006, this activity has been carried out in West Java, East Java, South Kalimantan, Maluku and Papua. The environmental geological study for domestic waste disposal sites was undertaken in cities where waste disposal plans caused a local government problem due to rejection by the local population. This activity resulted in the recommendation of alternative waste disposal sites based on geological considerations. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 116 CCOP Technical Secretariat

111 GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEO-DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 7.1. Summary During the period July 2005 to June 2006, the activities related to geo-data and geoinformation management in Indonesia have been continuing in regards to the development of geoscience databases and digital geology, and publication of geological data products. Preparation of basic geological data, including thematic geological and geophysical mapping at various scales, mineral distribution of the autonomous regions, hydrogeological maps, and the geothermal database were also carried out during this fiscal year. Geo-information dissemination activities included production of scientific journal and bulletin. In addition, reinterpretation of geological maps was carried out in Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities a. Geoscience Database The mineral database has been developed by the Center for Geological Resources, Geological Agency. This work is being carried out in conjunction with the Mineral Data Bank management programme and development of the mineral database of Southeast Asian Countries, where Indonesia has been appointed as the coordinator. DGGMR has also carried out a GIS of mineral distribution of autonomous regions. The oil and gas database, including exploration, production, geological and geophysical data of oil and gas fields included in the bidding process has been done by the Directorate General of Oil and Gas. The exploration and production activities have been published in a special journal of Oil and Gas. The geological and geophysical data collection activities related to the preparation of regular bidding for oil and gas fields have been carried out in 18 blocks. Data for the hydrogeology and geothermal databases are currently being collected and entered in the databases. The Directorate of Geological and Mining Environment is responsible for developing the database of hydrogeology in MS-Access. Meanwhile the Directorate of Mineral Resources Inventory is responsible for the geothermal database that is developed in SQL. b. Geological and Geophysical Maps Geological, geophysical, geochemical, and thematic geological mapping has been carried out by the Geological Survey Institute (previously Geological Research and Development Centre, GRDC). This work has resulted in 27 gravity maps at 1: scales in Sulawesi and Maluku. The geophysical mapping of the Aceh Province is being done in this year; therefore, except for the Aceh and Papua Provinces, the gravity mapping has been completed for the whole land of Indonesia. A few thematic maps of quaternary geology, geomorphology, and seismotectonics are being done this year covering two sheets of quaternary geology in Kalimantan, two sheets of geomorphology in Sumatera, and one sheet of seismotectonics in Sulawesi. Preparations for new remapping of systematic geology of Sumatera and Java have been made, while Kalimantan and Sulawesi Islands are in progress. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 117 CCOP Technical Secretariat

112 c. Digital Geology The digital geological map has been developed since 1998 and resulted in a digital systematic geological map for the whole land area of the Indonesian Region, while at present the new version of the digital geological map has been produced by Geological Survey Institute. This version has been corrected by standard map projection WGS84, while lithological boundaries have been controlled by using remotely sensed imagery. The activities to digitize thematic maps of Quaternary Geology and regional hydrogeological maps were also continued in this fiscal year. Arc-Info format is a standard for spatial geodata, while Arc- View and Map-Info are used as GIS in visualizing, analyzing and data integration. These GIS-geological maps are presented in the form of each sheet (total 233 sheets), island/islands packages (seven island and islands: Sumatera, Java, Nusatenggara, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku and Papua) and all Indonesia package. These packages are further distributed as GIS- Digital Geological Maps On Line Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Next year, the planned activities related to data and information management include carrying out geological mapping of 1:50,000 scales, completing gravity mapping at 1:25,000 scale of Papua, geochemical and hydrogeological mapping, and development of databases. The Geological Research and Development Centre collects old data, mostly in Dutch language, related to geological investigations and these data needs to be conserved and translated. The work of geological mapping by using remotely sensed data, development of databases and translation of old data need extensive funding and CCOP might give assistance in this area. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 118 CCOP Technical Secretariat

113 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of JAPAN Submitted by Japan National Committee for CCOP (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 119 CCOP Technical Secretariat

114 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: JAPAN Period: 1 July June MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR The Japanese Government has approved a new mineral strategy. Mining companies, JICA and JOGMEC are expected to conduct their projects and business to reflect content of the new strategy. JOGMEC revised the conventional G-G based Bilateral Technical Cooperation Scheme in 2003, and started the Joint Basic Exploration Scheme in which JOGMEC themselves conduct mineral exploration in collaboration with foreign exploration organisations who hold exploration rights in the relevant areas. JICA completed a project for Mauritania in March 2006 and started geological mapping and a mineral information service in Lao PDR from March The Geological Survey of Japan, AIST continues to facilitate CASM-Asia, an initiative for artisanal mining. The Mineral Resources Research Group of the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, started the following second-term five-year projects; 1) Study of concentration mechanism and resource evaluation of heavy rare earth elements, 2) Study of metallic mineralization and exploration strategy, 3) Evaluation of domestic aggregate resources, and 4) mineral resources database construction. The Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center studies satellite data application for exploration and environmental management and also ASTER data processing. Japanese mining companies are involved in exploration and exploitation of bauxite, uranium, nickel, copper and gold outside of Japan Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities New resource strategy for Japan The Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan, was concerned by the continuous rise of metal prices worldwide, and set up a committee; Committee on the Study of Resource Strategy, to review the present Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 121 CCOP Technical Secretariat

115 situation of demand and supply of non-ferrous metals and discuss measures for the stable supply of non-ferrous metallic resources to Japan in the near future. The committee, which was chaired by Dr. Tetsuro Urabe, Professor of University of Tokyo, consists of executive directors of electric, metal, automobile, and chemical industry in Japan. The committee discussed the topics listed in Table 1 and published a proposal for the stable supply of nonferrous metallic resources to Japan on July 14 th, 2006 from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan. Table 1. Topics discussed by the Committee on the Study of Resource Strategy Number of meeting Date Topic First Recent situation of non-ferrous metals Second Characteristics of major non-ferrous metal resources and material flow Present situation and problems of mineral resources development abroad Third Measures and problems to maintain the stable supply of rare metals by Japanese industry Fourth National stockpile of rare metals Development of substitution materials Fifth Proposal for the stable supply of non-ferrous metallic resources The proposal includes the following measures: 1) Promote mineral exploration abroad by Japanese mining companies with the assistance of government loans, 2) Promote exploration for the metals critical to Japanese industry by JOGMEC, 3) Develop exploration strategies and exploitation techniques of the metals critical to Japanese industry, such as tungsten, indium, rare earth elements, and platinum-group elements, by JOGMEC and AIST, 4) Assist developing countries in collecting, compiling and publishing geoscientific data related to mineral resources as a part of the Official Development Assistance (ODA) projects for the establishment of new mineral exploration projects, 5) Promote cooperation between JOGMEC and governmental mining organisations in Africa and other developing countries, 6) Promote discussions between the Japanese government and metal-producing countries to eliminate difficulties and gain confidence, 7) Promote metal recycling and reusing in Japan, 8) Investigate substitution materials for rare metals and decrease the metal amounts used in industrial products, 9) Research material flow, demand and supply of rare metals with the cooperation of private companies, and 10) Promote education for junior employees of private mining companies and metal-trading companies through seminars and training courses organized by JOGMEC, MINTEC, AIST and academic societies. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 122 CCOP Technical Secretariat

116 The Agency for Natural Resources and Energy will discuss this proposal and put into practice as the measures of the agency Metal Exploration Group of Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) The Metal Exploration Group of Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation (JOGMEC) conducted a domestic mineral exploration program in the Hishikari Mine area but the drilling results indicated no significant mineralisation in JOGMEC revised the conventional G-G based Bilateral Technical Cooperation Scheme in 2003, and started a Joint Basic Exploration Scheme in which JOGMEC themselves conduct mineral exploration in collaboration with foreign exploration organisations who hold exploration rights in the relevant areas, so that JOGMEC could transfer the results obtained in developing countries more directly to Japanese private companies thus simultaneously satisfying exploration interests and support to the economic growth of such countries (see Figure 1). JV Agreement (Farm-in Agreement) METI ODA budget, Consignment Transfer of Equity JOGMEC Partner Exploration expenditure Exploration license holder Acquiring Option of Equity Unincorporated JV Budget : US$ 0.1 to 1 million/y Period : 1 to 5 years Exploration Japanese Company Additional and Detailed Exploration If exploration results are positive and a Japanese company wishes a further exploration Figure 1: JV Framework (Joint Basic Exploration Scheme) Upon the formation of projects, JOGMEC prioritizes in the order of copper, zinc and nickel projects mainly, also position as important rare metals targeting exploration projects containing platinum group metals or tungsten if any opportunity offers. JOGMEC is mainly focused on Pacific-rim countries in view of future ore shipment to Japan, but will expand to other areas as appropriate. Terms and conditions of contracts with partner(s) depend on the projects, but minimum amounts of work, exploration expenditure and procedure of farm-in are generally included. The work period usually ranges from 1 to 5 years. JOGMEC has undertaken several JV projects in Southeast Asia in (see Table 2). In November 2005, JOGMEC successfully transferred two JV projects in Chile and Argentina to a Japanese company (Pan Pacific copper company) by competitive tender. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 123 CCOP Technical Secretariat

117 Table 2. JV projects in Southeast Asia in Country Number of Projects Situation Laos Myanmar Solomon Is PNG Indonesia In progress (1 st phase) In progress (1 st phase) In progress (1 st phase) In progress (1 st phase) In progress (1 st phase) In progress (2 nd phase) Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) JICA conducts a few projects related to mineral resources in developing countries for the promotion of exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in these countries, based on the requests from the governments of the countries. A study on a strategic plan of mineral resources development in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania: This project started in 2003 and was completed in March, The purpose of the project is to support strategic planning of mineral resource development for the Mauritania government by construction of a GIS-based mineral resources database of Mauritania. JICA submitted the final report to the Ministry of Mines and Industry of Mauritania that proposes the necessity of 1) enhancement of mining policy drafting ability, 2) establishment of public and private loans, 3) compilation of geological information, 4) infrastructure development, 5) introduction of modern mining techniques and equipment, and 6) education of people related to mining sectors. The project hosted investment promotion seminars at Nouakchott (Figure 2a), London and Toronto in 2005 and The project also set up a website ( including information on the mining sector in Mauritania, as well as information on the geology and mineral resources of Mauritania. A geological mapping and mineral information service project started in March 2006 in Lao People s Democratic Republic. The project aims to develop the capability to conduct geological and mineral resources mapping and to compile data and information related to mineral resources in order to promote the mining industry in the Lao PDR. The major objectives of the project include; 1) Revision of 1:1,000,000 geological map and the mineral resources map, 2) 1:200,000 geological sheet mapping in the Attapeu and Attapeu East district in southern Laos and mineral resource assessments for the areas of high mineral potential, 3) construction of GIS-based mineral information system, and 4) development of the capacity of personnel necessary for the activities above. The project is being conducted by the Department of Geology and Mines, Ministry of Energy and Mines of Laos, and JICA (Figure 2b). JICA sent a survey team which plans a project in the field of mineral resources to Zambia in June The team discussed the contents of the project at the Geological Survey Department of Zambia Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, AIST The Mineral Resources Research Group of the Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, AIST, started the following second-term five-year projects; 1) Study of concentration mechanism and resource evaluation of heavy rare earth elements, 2) Study of Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 124 CCOP Technical Secretariat

118 metallic mineralization and exploration strategy, 3) Evaluation of domestic aggregate resources, and 4) mineral resources database construction. The group conducted the field survey to evaluate ion-absorption type REE potential in Korea and Japan, and carbonatite-bearing REE potential in Mongolia. The group also started a project for evaluation of indium potential in Japan and South America, inviting a researcher from CONICET, Argentina. The group evaluated aggregate resources in the Kinki and Chubu provinces in 2005 and Kanto and Kohshinetsu Provinces in The Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, AIST agreed on collaboration on mineral resources with the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources in July 2006, to conduct various projects; 1) investigation of tectonic setting and metallogeny of ore deposits in Korea and Japan, and 2) genesis of rare earth mineral deposits in Korea and Japan and evaluation of their mineral potential Geoinformation Center, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST In order to serve as an interface between geoscience and society, the Geoinformation Center of the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, is conducting projects and taking various actions from a multi-disciplinary point of view. One of the representative s is for artisanal/small-scale mining in the region, CASM-Asia, of which funding is provided by the World Bank. The objective of CASM-Asia is to function as a hub for CASM activities through which we can build a cooperation network of those who are engaged or have interest in artisanal/small scale mining, and to bridge the divide between small scale miners and the stake holders, communities, technology and science in the region. A database exclusively for artisanal/small-scale mining was designed by the Geoinformation Center, AIST with the University of Delhi. In addition, a GOPP workshop was held in Bangkok to elucidate key topics in the region. The result can be seen at the website < Major activities by the Japanese private mining sector The Toyoha Mine in Hokkaido, which mined polymetallic Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-In veins, was closed in March 2006 after a hundred years of mining activity. This was due to the lack of reserves in the deposit. The deposit was marked by high-grade indium ores, with about 5,000 t of indium production (Ishihara, 2006). Mitsubishi Corporation obtained the exploration rights for bauxite at Guinea, West Africa in January Overseas Uranium Resources Development Co. Ltd. continued exploration for uranium in the Afasto area in Niger. Sumitomo Corporation announced the development of uranium deposits at West Mynkuduk with the National Atomic Company Kazatomprom in Kazakhstan. Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd., Mitsui & Co. Ltd., Nissho Iwai Corporation and Rio Tuba Nickel Mining Corporation started nickel production from the Coral Bay project in Palawan Island in the Philippines in April Nittetsu Mining Co. Ltd. and Mitsubishi Materials Corporation conducted a drilling project at the Namoshi area in Fiji in 2005, resulting in the discovery of remarkable copper mineralization at two localities in the Waivaka Corriddor area (Tanaka et al., 2006). Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 125 CCOP Technical Secretariat

119 Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. and Sumitomo Corporation updated the production of Pogo Gold Mine located in Alaska, U.S.A. and managed under the joint venture formed with Teck Cominco Ltd. in Canada. The Pogo Gold Mine started production on February 12, 2006 and it was expected to proceed with ramp up of the production toward the full operation in several months after the first production. Pogo is a world-class gold deposit with a currently defined probable resource of 7 million tons grading g/t. The mine is presently expected to produce an average of 400,000 ounces of gold per annum over a 10 year mine life. Figure 2 a: The final seminar of the JICA project in Nouakchott, Mauritania. b: Meeting between JICA team and the directors of the Department of Geology and Mines, Ministry of Energy and Mines of Laos, c: SEG International Exchange Lecture Seminar in Tokyo, and d: Audience of the Session 15 in the 19 th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. References Ishihara, S. (2006) Indium content of the Ashio mine, Japan. Shigenchishitsu, v. 56, p (in Japanese). Tanaka, T., Takahashi, T., Makuuchi, A., Yasunaga, K. and Maeda, K. (2006) Discovery of new copper mineralized zone in Namosi area, Republic of Fiji Islands. Shigenchishitsu, v. 56, p (in Japanese with English abstract) Activities by domestic and international scientific societies The Society of Economic Geologists held a seminar by Douglas Kirwin, SEG International Exchange Lecturer for 2006, at the Akihabara Convention Hall in Tokyo on 20 th July, 2006 (Figure 2c). The seminar was attended by 40 people mainly from universities, mining companies and trading companies. The Society of Resource Geology (SRG) organised the 19 th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association with the Science Council of Japan, the Mineralogical Society of Japan, and the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists. The meeting was held at the International Conference Center, Kobe, from 23 rd to 28 th July, The SRG hosted the following four sessions related to mineral deposits; Session 14: Sea-floor hydrothermal systems: Present and past examples, Session 15: Precious and base-metal deposits in magmatic arcs (Figure 2d), Session 16: Mineralogy of ore deposits, and Session 17: Fluid and melt inclusions. A total of 84 papers were presented in these four sessions. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 126 CCOP Technical Secretariat

120 ERSDAC General ERSDAC, the Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center, was established under the guidance of METI, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, in ERSDAC has two important objectives, one is the research and development of satellite data application technology for natural resources exploration and environmental issues, the other one is to process, archive and distribute ASTER and PALSAR data. Research and development for satellite data application Natural resource exploration Some of the data application studies were carried out in cooperation with certain organizations of foreign countries. The following studies are typical of main works for natural resource exploration that have been carried out in this term (Table 3). Table. 3 Main subject and area for natural resources study [Oil and gas] Subject Area Satellite Data Site assessment for further oil exploration Illizi, Algeria ASTER Site assessment for further metal exploration Cyrenaica, Libya ASTER & SAR Structure analysis and oil slick for lead E. Sakhalin, Russia ASTER selection GIS application for exploration site evaluation Java, Indonesia ASTER Effect on trees/forest from oil spill E. Siberia, Russia ASTER [Mineral] Data fusion for site evaluation on mineral mining Spa, Fiji Application of satellite data for tungsten ore deposit Kazakhstan, others ASTER & SAR ASTER & SAR The contribution of remote sensing is to assess and select the potential areas from a wide range of regions. In the case of oil and gas study, rock type such as lithologic character and mineral contents, and geologic structures constitute important key information for the area evaluation. Figure 3 is the result of a case study in Sakhalin, Russia, where some leads (selected high potential areas) are selected for further exploration. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 127 CCOP Technical Secretariat

121 [ASTER false color image of VNIR ] [The leads selected by ASTER data] Figure 3. Leads evaluated by ASTER data analysis in N. Sakhalin Environmental application Remote sensing technology is one of the most powerful and useful tools for environmental issues, as it can observe wide areas repeatedly in a short time. The following studies are typical of the main work on environmental issues that have been carried out in this term (Table 4). Table 4. Main subjects for environmental issues Subject Area Satellite Data Water resource estimation with DEM & multi temp. data Tarim, China ASTER&MODIS Application of satellite data for vegetation sink on CDM Madagascar ASTER Assessment of CO 2 sink by boreal forest Tomakomai, Japan ASTER & SAR Possible area estimation for landslides & slope failure Marmara,Turkey ASTER&MODIS ASTER data processing, archiving and distribution The ASTER, which is onboard NASA s Terra platform, observes approximately scenes daily. Total number of observed ASTER scenes since November 2000 to March 2006 is about 1,150,000. Approximately 30% of the total acquired scene is low cloud cover that could be useful for data analysis. The world map of Figure 4 shows that most part of the land has at least more than one low cloud cover scenes. The processed and archived data can be searched at the following home page. ASTER data is available for any user on a non discriminatory basis. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 128 CCOP Technical Secretariat

122 Total:1,150,000 scenes Figure 4. ASTER data coverage map [as of March 2006] ASTER has capability of urgent observation, which is useful for natural disaster monitoring. Figure 5 shows a huge landslide that occurred in Leyte, Philippines, on February 17 th From a comparison of before and after images, the extent of the landside can easily be seen. Figure 5. ASTER urgent observation detects the landslide in Leyte, Philippines Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 129 CCOP Technical Secretariat

123 PALSAR data calibration and validation PALSAR (Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) onboard the ALOS platform was launched successfully on January 24 th. PALSAR has specific characteristics of its function that are higher resolution (approximately 10m), full polarimetry and variable offnadir angle. Those functions could realize acquisition of sharp and clear images even under cloudy conditions, and especially, full polarimetry capability provides higher ability to classify the surface features such as rock and vegetation type in detail. Figure 6 shows initial data of PALSAR in Kyoto, Japan. At present the initial check is going on. After the data calibration and validation are completed, PALSAR data will start to be provided to the users. Please contact our home page; Figure 6. PALSAR image from Kyoto, Japan [ Observation:21 Mar. 06 ] 2. ENERGY PROGRAMME Summary In Programme 2, Energy, of the Geo-Resources Sector, three sub-programmes Oil and Gas, Gas Hydrate, and Geothermal Energy are included in this report. There is no Coal programme because of the decrease of domestic activities. In Oil and Gas, domestic exploration activities and overseas exploration activities were mainly conducted by Japanese private companies and are described in detail. Overseas exploration is described for North Sea, Africa, Middle East and Caspian Sea, Southeast Asia, Oceania, and USA, respectively. In Gas Hydrate, scientific research activities, mainly conducted in the MH21 project which started in 2001, along with other projects are described. These are conducted by JOGMEC, GSJ/AIST, ENAA, the University of Tokyo, JAMSTEC, and other organizations. In Geothermal Energy, a summary of geothermal energy production and activities in Japan for , current policy on geothermal energy in Japan, geothermal exploration and development in Japan, research activities in Japan, research activity in GREEN/AIST, and international geothermal cooperation in Japan are described. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 130 CCOP Technical Secretariat

124 2.1. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Oil and Gas Domestic exploration The main domestic oil and gas fields exist in the basins of Niigata, Yamagata, Akita and Hokkaido regions in Japan, and gas fields are expected in the basins along the Pacific coast. In FY2005, several investigations and developments in the oil gas fields from the Tohoku district to the western part of Hokkaido around Japanese Islands were carried out. Off Akita prefecture, a shallow seismic reflection survey was carried out in the Ideto area by the Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. Ltd. (JAPEX) and a subsidiary of JAPEX Offshore Co. Ltd. (JPO), and a conventional seismic reflection survey was carried out around Noisihi by JAPEX, JPO and the Japan Energy Development Co. Ltd. (JOMO). Off Niigata prefecture, a 3D seismic reflection survey was carried out over 444 km 2 off Kitakanbara by e JAPEX, JPO, Idemitsu Oil & Gas Co. Ltd. (IDEMITSU) and the Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co. Ltd. (MGC). Drilling was carried out in three areas: off Iburi of southern Hokkaido, Yurihara in Akita Prefecture, and off Iwafune of Niigata Prefecture. In the Iburi and Yurihara regions, no commercial oil and gas was discovered. Off Iwafune, JAPEX, JPO and MGC confirmed new gas reservoirs at the Iafuneoki-nishi MS-1 well, where production tests yielded 60.7 thousands m 3 /D of natural gas and 35.4 KL/D of condensate from Shiiya Formation of Pliocene age. The University of Tokyo, JAMSTEC and AIST took submarine photographs in an area of the discoloration of the sea bottom off Joetsu city, Niigata prefecture, an area of methane hydrate distribution Overseas Exploration Japanese companies are conducting exploration and also exploiting oil and natural gas mainly in Norway, England, Africa, Caspian Sea, Southeastern Asia and Australia in addition to the Middle East. North Sea In 1989, Idemitsu Oil & Gas Co. Ltd. (IDEMITSU) acquired a 9.6% share of the Snorre oil field, which has proven reserves of 1.0 billion barrels. Production started in With the discovery of oil fields in surrounding areas and improved efficiency in recovery methods, reserves increased to 2.6 billion barrels. This has been one of the most successful projects of its type in Norway. In 2002, IDEMITSU acquired a 15% share in the Fram field, which has reserves of 0.2 billion barrels, through its subsidiary Idemitsu Petroleum Norge AS (IPN). Joint companies including IPN started oil production at two new petroleum fields at Fram and Vigdis fields in the North Sea in October, In 2004, IPN's share of crude oil production from five Snorre oil fields and the Fram block was 40,000 BPD. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 131 CCOP Technical Secretariat

125 In 2005/2006, exploration activities will involve drilling in three structures: Astero, M-5 and Peon, which is located near the Vigdis oil field in the Snorre block about 150km to the southwest of the Scandinavian Peninsula. Exploratory drilling performed by operator Statoi on the Astero structure in May, and production testing yielded 4,000 BD of oil and gas. Production is now expected to commence from around IPN participated in these operations with other oil companies. The drilling discovered oil zones in a Jurassic Brent reservoir. A production well was then completed to use subsea production facilities of the adjacent Vigdis oil field to produce around 5,000 BD (IPN's share is around 500 BD) from October Idemitsu Snorre Oil Development Co., Ltd. has been awarded three new licenses (out of a total of 192) in the APA 2005 licensing round launched by the Norwegian government in January The licenses were awarded on December 15 in blocks PL373S, PL377S and PL090D through Idemitsu Snorre Oil Development's Norwegian subsidiary IPN, which is a joint venture between Idemitsu Oil & Gas Co., Ltd. (50.5%) and Osaka Gas Summit Resources Co., Ltd. (49.5%). The three blocks awarded are located in the same northern sector of the North Sea as the Snorre and Fram fields, where IPN is currently involved in oil production. Because of their close proximity to these fields, which have proven reserves under production, the company expects to discover oil and gas in the new blocks. The IPN plans to begin exploration activities from fiscal 2006 based on combined investment in the three blocks of approximately 1.6 billion in the first stage of exploration. IPN will use the operator status it acquired in October 2005 for the first time in block PL377S. Nippon Oil Exploration Co. Ltd. (NOEX) has a 50% equity share in Nippon North Sea Oil Co., Ltd. (MOEX), which in 1994 acquired working interests from Petrofina in blocks with undeveloped discoveries as well as exploration blocks. Production was subsequently initiated in these acquired blocks, namely the Andrew Oil Field (1996), the Mungo/Monan Oil Fields (1998), the Pierce Oil Field (1999), and the Mirren/Madoes Oil Fields (2002). Production at these fields is currently proceeding smoothly. In July 2005, MOEX decided to develop the Blane oil field with Paladin (Operator) and other UK/ Norwegian partners. Production will start in late 2006 and is expected to peak at a rate of over 14,000 barrels per day. Nippon Oil Exploration and Production U.K. Ltd. (NOEP UK), a wholly owned subsidiary of NOEX, purchased a 5% interest in the Magnus Oil Field from Repsol (currently Repsol YPF) in NOEP UK increased its share in Magnus to 7.5% through an asset swap with Talisman in In 2002, NOEP UK purchased from Burlington equity stakes ranging from 4.0% to 7.9% in multiple oil and gas fields within the Brae Fields as well as acquiring from Intrepid and Marubeni a total of 28.2% interest in the 22/19a Block, where the Fiddich Oil Field has been discovered (yet to be developed). In 2004, in the 22nd Seaward Licensing Round in the North Sea, NOEP UK jointly bid with U.K.-based Stratec and was awarded rights in two blocks adjacent to the Magnus Oil Field (211/12b and 211/13b) and in one block adjacent to the Brae Fields (16/2b). NOEP UK thereby acquired a 50% interest in each of these blocks. The NOEX (50%) and Stratic Energy Corporation (50%, Operator) have jointly been awarded interests in four exploration blocks (16/3d, 210/18, 210/19a, 210/20a) in the recent United Kingdom Continental Shelf 23 rd Seaward Licensing Round. Block 16/3d is located in the Central North Sea, adjacent to the Brae area development complex in which Nippon Oil Group is an equity owner and tri-blocks 210/18, 210/19a, 210/20a is located in the North Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 132 CCOP Technical Secretariat

126 Sea, neighboring to Magnus Field in which Nippon Oil Group is also an equity owner. Discovery of new Oil and Gas fields are expected in above mentioned blocks by pursuing exploration activities. Sojitz Corporation has acquired a 15 percent working interest in the Tors fields in the Southern Gas Basin of the UK North Sea, which working interest was held by medium sized, US-based oil and gas producer ATP Oil & Gas Corporation through its subsidiary in the UK. The Tors fields in the Southern North Sea consist of the Kilmar and Garrow Fields. The Tors fields have proved reserves of 20 million barrels, with total development costs of approximately 24 billion yen. Development work is mostly complete in the Kilmar fields, where production will start from the latter part of December Initial production at the Garrow fields, where development projects have already been undertaken, is expected in July The Kilmar fields will start producing 8,300 barrels per day (Sojitz s share of the output: equivalent to 1,250 barrels/day), and the Garrow fields will start producing 4,200 barrels per day (Sojitz s share of the output: equivalent to 650 barrels/day). Thus, the total output from the two gas fields will be 125,000 barrels per day (Sojitz s share of the output: equivalent to 1,900 barrels/day). Africa In Libya, promising oil and gas prospects remain unexplored or undeveloped, and the Bid Round 2 for an Exploration Production Sharing Agreement (EPSA) was hosted by the National Oil Corporation of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in Tripoli in October Nippon Oil Exploration Co. Ltd. (NOEX), Japan Petroleum Exploration Co. Ltd (JAPEX) and Mitsubishi Co. Ltd. have jointly been awarded interests in two exploration blocks (Block 2-1/2 and Block 40-3/4). Partners in the blocks 2-1/2 are NOEX (90%: Operator) and Mitsubishi Corporation (10%), and partners in the blocks 40-3/4 are: NOEX (38%), JAPEX Libya Ltd. (42%: Operator) and Mitsubishi Corporation (20%). INPEX CORPORATION (INPEX) made a consortium of INPEX and TOTAL, winning bidder for Area 042 Block 2 & 4 on 2 in the Bid Round 2 for the EPSA in October. The block is located in the Cyrenaica basin, in the northeastern part of the country and covers 3,419km 2. INPEX has a 40% participating interest in the block and TOTAL is the operator (60%). INPEX and TOTAL executed the EPSA of the block with the National Oil Corporation in November Furthermore, Teikoku Oil Co., Ltd. (TOC) made successful bids for two oil exploration blocks in the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya at the Bid - Round II held by the National Oil Company of Libya. This was the occasion for the Japanese upstream company to make its first foray into E&P activities in Libya as Operator. The Licenses were officially awarded in November, The outline of the blocks are as follows: 1. Area 81-2 (Ghadames, approx.400km south of Tripoli. Onshore 2,708km 2 ) Partner its Participating Interest (%) are TOC (Operator) 73% and Mitsubishi Corporation 27%, and obligation works are 2D seismic acquisition (500km), 3D seismic acquisition (500km 2 ) and one exploratory well in the 5-year exploration period. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 133 CCOP Technical Secretariat

127 2. Area 82-3 (Ghadames, approx.400km south of Tripoli. Onshore 2,687km 2 ) Partners its Participating Interest (%) are TOC (Operator) 73% and Mitsubishi Corporation 27%, and obligation works are 2D seismic acquisition (1,200 km) and one exploratory well in the 5-year exploration period. Libya. In addition, JAPEX Libya Ltd was a warded a license for block 176/4 in Muzuq, In Egypt, the Arabian Oil Co. Ltd. (AOC) signed the production sharing contract with the government of Egypt and Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation on July, 2005 for oil & gas exploration and development in the Northwest October Block located in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. AOC will soon engage in exploration activities including 3D seismic surveys and aims to start the production of oil and/or gas in the latter half of Middle East and Caspian Sea The Azerbaijan International Operating Company, of which its subsidiary, INPEX Southwest Caspian Sea, Ltd. is a shareholder, started oil production from the West Azeri development, part of the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli (ACG) field, in the Azerbaijan sector of the Caspian Sea on 30 December last year and the West Azeri oil reached Sangachal Terminal in 3 January this year. The West Azeri oil has been delivered four months ahead of schedule. Average production from West Azeri in 2006 is forecast to be 70,000 BOPD. Oil from West Azeri, together with oil produced from Chirag and Central Azeri, will be transported to market via new export routes of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline from this spring. Total production from the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli (ACG) in 2006 is forecast to be about 440,000 BOPD. The ACG Production Sharing Agreement (PSA), signed in September 1994, covers the 30-year development of the ACG contract area (432.4km 2 ). It is estimated that 5.4 billions barrels of oil will be recovered during the PSA period. West Azeri is located in approximately 118 meters of water, 100 km east of Baku. The field is being developed in several phases. Chirag has been producing since 1997 as part of the Early Oil Project. This was followed by Azeri Project Phase 1 Central Azeri production in early Successive phases include West Azeri, which started production in 2006, and East Azeri, scheduled to come on stream in 2007 as Azeri Project Phase 2, with ACG Phase 3 Deepwater Gunashli, already sanctioned and expected to commence production in The integrated development is expected to produce more than 1 million BOPD by The parties to the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli (ACG) Production Sharing Agreement are: BP (operator 34.1%), Chevron (10.3%), SOCAR (10%), INPEX (10%), Statoil (8.6%), ExxonMobil (8%), TPAO (6.8%), Devon (5.6%), Itochu (3.9%) and Amerada Hess (2.7%). JAPEX has concluded a Memorandum of Understanding with the Ministry of Oil of Iraq (the Ministry) concerning technical cooperation, including joint studies on specific oil fields to be agreed upon between the two parties. Within a framework of the Memorandum, JAPEX and the Ministry have established a Joint Steering Committee which holds periodical meetings for implementing and coordinating joint studies and technical assistance. Both Japan and Iraq parties had the first meeting of the Joint Steering Committee in Tokyo, Japan for a period of three days from April 25, In the meeting, JAPEX and the Ministry have agreed to conduct joint studies on development of an oil field near Baghdad, evaluation of an oil field and adjacent unexplored prospects in the north east of Iraq, and evaluation of exploration potential for a block in the Western Desert of Iraq and the deeper formation in the southern part of the country. Both parties have also agreed that JAPEX will provide the Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 134 CCOP Technical Secretariat

128 Ministry with technical assistance, including provision of hard and software necessary for conducting 3D seismic surveys, as well as a training programme for employees of the Ministry on exploration and development technology and contractual and financial aspects of oil industry. The aim of the studies is to complete the previous work done by JAPEX on a fully explored field and to carry out evaluation of the petroleum system in explored but not delineated field and nearby discovered structures as well as evaluation on deeper unexplored reservoirs of giant and super-giant oil fields in the south of Iraq. In addition, a study will be carried out on evaluation of the petroleum potential of Paleozoic reservoirs in a block in the Western Desert of Iraq. Concerning the technical support of 3D seismic survey, JAPEX will prepare and conduct a technical training programme for personnel of the Ministry and provide necessary software, hardware and other assistance in restoring the capability of the Ministry to conduct 3D seismic surveys. JAPEX will also provide the Iraqi side with longterm and short-term training programmes on various subjects, including exploration and development technology, regime of petroleum contract and finance structure for the oil business. On June 15, 2005, AOC signed a memorandum of understanding with Iraq's Ministry of Oil, whereby AOC will provide technical assistance to Iraq for planning to boost the capacity of the loading facilities of crude oil in southern Iraq, and for making a development plan of an oil field in the vicinity of Basra. Qatar Petroleum Development Co., Ltd, (QPD), a subsidiary of Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd., has commenced production of crude oil. The QPD was established in September of 1997 and assigned rights to Area Block1, South-East of Qatar based on a Development and Production Sharing Agreement with the Qatar government. After exploration of the area, the company confirmed the presence of crude oil reserves on a commercially viable scale. After trial production, it was decided in June of 2003 to move forward with the full field development, at which time the company began drilling wells and constructing production facilities. The construction works were recently completed and oil began flowing to the export pipeline on March 13 of this year. This oil will be shipped from Halul Island as Qatar marine crude oil, and all of the oil to which QPD has rights will be brought into Cosmo refinery. At the moment, production is planned at 6,000 barrels per day, but after additional development a peak daily output of 10,000 barrels is expected to be achieved as soon as FY2007. A special characteristic of this project is that for the first time in Qatar s territory, the associated gas produced during crude oil exploitation will not be flared in the air, but will instead be injected underground by "sour gas injection." Developing the field with this method was not a simple matter, but it will now be the most environmentally friendly operation in Qatar. This project will be operated solely by a Japanese company, so it will be an important opportunity for Cosmo Oil Group to utilize the experience, technology, and personnel it has cultivated over the years, and also to strengthen relationships with the countries of the Middle East. Marubeni Corporation reached an agreement with Austria s OMV Aktiengesellschaft, the largest oil group in Central Europe, concerning the acquisition of OMV concessions of 7.5% in each of the Block 12 (Al Rayyan Field) and Block 13 offshore Qatar, and a concession sales agreement was signed between Marubeni s wholly-owned subsidiary Marubeni Oil & Gas (Qatar) Ltd. and OMV s wholly-owned subsidiary Preussag Energie International GmbH on August 22. Completion of the procedures for the concession acquisition is subject to such conditions as approval from the Government of Qatar (the deal will be effective from January 1, 2005). The Block 12 began production in 1996 and currently produces 15,000 barrels a day. Excavation work on additional production wells has Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 135 CCOP Technical Secretariat

129 been continued in pursuit of maintaining and increasing production volume. Daily production volume at the end of 2006 is expected to increase to about 25,000 barrels. The Block 13 has an area of 686km2 and is on the territorial limits between Qatar and Bahrain. Exploration work on this block was prohibited in the long period leading up to the 2001 resolution of the issue over the territorial limits between Qatar and Bahrain and thus is a block that has been untouched, which is rare in the central region of the Middle East where nearby are the world s largest gas field, the North Field and oil field, the Ghawar Oil Field. Anadarko, the operator of the two blocks and owner of the remaining 92.5% of concessions, is an independent oil company ranked fifth in the U.S. with an extensive track record as operator and has a reputation for its experience as well as technical and financial capabilities. In this project, Marubeni will reinforce the relationship of trust and collaboration with Anadarko and dedicate efforts to expanding the profitability of this project. INPEX CORPORATION announces that Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) has decided to transfer to ExxonMobil Abu Dhabi Offshore Petroleum Company Limited (EM) a portion of its interest in the Upper Zakum Field (Field) in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, U.A.E. The Field has been developed between ADNOC and Japan Oil Development Co., Ltd (JODCO), which is a fully owned subsidiary of INPEX CORPORATION. According to the decision, 28% out of ADNOC s 88% interest in the Field is transferred to EM with effect from 1 January This will leave ADNOC with an interest of 60% in the Field. In April 2005, EM was selected, by the Government of Abu Dhabi, as the sole company to enter final negotiations regarding participation in the Field. The Field is located offshore Abu Dhabi and already is capable of producing a huge quantity of oil. However, the development of the Field is still ongoing to enhance its production potential to the level of a super giant oil field. It is expected that the entry of EM into the Field with its cutting-edge technology will greatly contribute to the future development of the Field to pursue a target of 750 thousand barrels per day, once all the technical studies are completed. JODCO, as a longstanding partner of ADNOC in the Field, is looking forward to cooperating closely with ADNOC and EM to establish a solid partnership among the three parties to increase the production capacity and ultimate economic recovery factor from the Field. In addition to the Upper Zakum Field, JODCO has interests in the Umm Shaif, Lower Zakum, Umm Al Dalkh and Satah Fields in offshore Abu Dhabi. Mitsui Exploration and Production Middle East Co. Ltd, drilled eight wells in B9 concession and one in Bl29 concession in Oman. Southeast Asia Mitsui Oil Exploration Co., Ltd. (MOECO) has, together with company PTTEP Offshore Investment Co. Ltd., entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement to purchase oil and gas assets in Thailand from U.S. company Pogo Producing Company ("Pogo"). The assets being acquired comprise Pogo's 46.34% interest in the B8/32 Concession and the adjacent Block 9A Concession located in the Gulf of Thailand, and are one of the largest oil and natural gas producing blocks in Thailand. The transaction is expected to be completed by September 2005, subject to customary closing conditions, after which the concessionaires will be Chevron Corp. (51.66%), PTTEP (27.78%), MOECO (18.56%) and Palang Sophon Two (2%). The acquisition price is US$820 million in cash, of which MOECO will contribute approximately 40% and PTTEPO approximately 60%, with MOECO and PTTEPO acquiring interests in the concessions being sold by Pogo in proportion to their investment. Chevron Corp. operates the concessions, and recent daily production has averaged approximately 59,000 barrels of oil and 240 million cubic feet of natural gas. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 136 CCOP Technical Secretariat

130 MOECO is actively engaged in several oil and natural gas exploration, development and production projects in Thailand and neighboring countries. MOECO's current share of daily production in Thailand amounts to approximately 60,000 barrel oil equivalents, making MOECO the third largest producer of oil and natural gas in Thailand, after Unocal and PTTEP. In March 2005, NOEX s equity interest in JVPC increased to 97.07% as a result of the purchase of JNOC s shares by a NOEX affiliate. Several additional producing wells were drilled at the Rang Dong field under the reservoir management with a view to further expanding production. The field's cumulative oil production during the period from August, 1998 through June, 2005 amounted to 100 million barrels. Moreover, additional platforms were installed aiming at fulfilling production capacity. INPEX Jawa, Ltd., a subsidiary of INPEX, started the natural gas production from the newly developed APN gas field in August, The contractors in the Offshore Northwest Java Production Sharing Contract had been conducting the field development work. The APN gas field is located at the northwest part of the contract area, 70km northeast of Jakarta in 40m water depths. The field is expected to produce natural gas at the level of 100 MMCFD in The contractors are supplying the natural gas to the Indonesian national electricity company (PLN) for fuel of the power plants and the Indonesian national gas distribution company (PGN) for the use of small and medium enterprises and a source of town gas. The gas produced in the APN field, together with the other field in the contract area, will be delivered to PLN and PGN under the current gas sales and purchase agreements. The APN field is expected to produce its natural gas towards the year of 2017 and the maximum ratio of APN contribution will be around 30% in the total amount of gas to be delivered to PLN and PGN. It is expected that the APN production will contribute to the utilisation of natural gas in Indonesia as well as INPEX group business development. Oceania Mitsui E&P Australia Pty Ltd. (MEPAU), a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (Mitsui), approved the Final Investment Decision of the Vincent oil project, alongside Joint Venture partner Woodside Energy Ltd. (Woodside). In March of 2004, MEPAU acquired its 40% interest in each of WA-28-L and exploration block WA-271-P, which together contained three discovered but undeveloped oil fields: Enfield, Vincent, and Laverda. Enfield is currently under development with production scheduled to commence later this year, with peak production expected to be approximately 100,000 barrels per day. Mitsui E&P New Zealand Limited (MEPNZ), a subsidiary wholly owned by the MITSUI, has entered into a Sales and Purchase Agreement with New Zealand Overseas Petroleum Limited ("NZOP"), in which MEPNZ will acquire an additional 22.5% interest in both PMP38158, which includes the Tui Area Oil Project, and the Hector South Sub Block of PEP38483, a petroleum exploration permit adjacent to the Tui Area ("Assets"). The transaction will be completed upon fulfillment of the conditions precedents, such as approvals from New Zealand governmental authorities, and this acquisition will ultimately increase Mitsui's interest in the Assets from 12.5% to 35.0%. Mitsui first acquired its 12.5% interest in the Assets, located approximately 50km from the western coast of the North Island in New Zealand, back in October of Since then, the "Tui Area" was confirmed to be commercial, and a final investment decision was made in November of The operator's estimated proved and probable recoverable reserves are approximately 27 million barrels of oil, and the total capital expenditure is projected to be approximately 200 million U.S. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 137 CCOP Technical Secretariat

131 dollars. Mitsui will ultimately invest approximately 140 million U.S. dollars into the project, including the purchasing cost and the exploration costs. The project is currently in its development stage with production scheduled to commence in mid Peak production rate is projected to be approximately 50,000 barrels per day, producing light, low-sulfur crude oil that is both high in demand and environment friendly. USA Nippon Oil Exploration U.S.A. Limited ( NOEX USA ), a subsidiary of Nippon Oil Exploration Limited ( NOEX ) which is the upstream arm of Nippon Oil Corporation, purchased interests in certain producing assets in the Gulf of Mexico. The purchased assets comprise 27 oil and gas fields located in the continental shelf area offshore Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi. Following MMS approval NOEX USA will take over the operator-ship on 18 of these fields. Combined daily production rate of these fields in 2005 is expected to be around 12,300 barrels of oil equivalent per day. Marubeni Co. Ltd. agreed with Pioneer Natural Resources Company ( Pioneer, hereinafter), one of the large listed US independent oil and gas companies, to acquire working interests in multiple oil and gas assets in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), including several producing and developing fields and various exploration blocks. The purchase and sales agreement was executed between our 100% subsidiary, Marubeni Offshore Production (USA) Inc. and Pioneer s 100% subsidiary, Pioneer Natural Resources USA Inc. in Dallas, Texas, USA in February, Marubeni will acquire 97 leased blocks, including 6 main producing and developing fields. The leases cover a broad area, approximately 900km from east to west in US GOM. The current net production rate is over 30,000 BOEPD in total oil and gas. Mitsubishi Corporation (MC) commenced oil production at a newly developed field in the offshore Gulf of Mexico (GOM), U.S.A., where MC has been engaged in exploration, development and production of crude oil and natural gas since MC, through its fully owned subsidiary, will assume responsibility for developing and producing oil in the block as an operator. The Mustang Island Block 726, located in the GOM, has commenced oil production, making it the sixth producing field in the GOM for MC. MC is currently participating in the development of three other fields in the GOM with first production expected in late 2005, and the combined peak production rate from all fields in the GOM is expected to ramp up to 20,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day (BOEPD) in MC acquired the Mustang Island Block 726 together with Texas-based Tarpon Offshore, LP (Tarpon), a highly-acclaimed company specialized in the development of oil and gas fields in the offshore GOM. Development activities have been conducted jointly with Tarpon, and MC has acquired their 30% working interest to become the 100% working interest holder of the block. MC will take over as the operator of the field on the completion of registration and after obtaining necessary permits from the relevant agencies Gas Hydrate Overview Since 1997, GSJ/AIST has undertaken several research projects on methane gas hydrate as potential natural gas resources. In these projects, studies on basic properties and origin in the geological formations, geological characterisation and exploration of methane hydrate deposits were carried out mainly in forearc basins, outer ridges, and accretionary Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 138 CCOP Technical Secretariat

132 prisms in the eastern part of the Nankai Trough convergent plate boundary between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates in the south of Honshu and Shikoku islands. 2D/3D seismic reflection surveys and wide-range side-scan-sonar mapping were carried out in conjunction with the Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo (ORI). Direct observations of the sea bottom were undertaken by Shinkai 2000 and Shinkai 6500 submersibles of JAMSTEC. These studies have contributed to the evaluation of the methane hydrate resource potential in Japan. The Agency of Natural Resources and Energy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (ANRE/METI) has started the long term national project, MH21, for the research and development of natural gas hydrate as natural gas resources since AIST attended the resource evaluation programme of Arctic onshore hydrate deposits in the Mackenzie Delta in 2002 and cooperated with JNOC (present JOGMEC), USGS and the Geological Survey of Canada. As a part of the MH21, AIST has started the development of a numerical simulator to estimate the methane hydrates dissociation behaviour in sedimentary layers and gas production behaviour through production process at a field scale since FY The research is necessary to characterize the methane hydrate deposits in the field and examine the feasibility of natural gas exploitation from the hydrate deposits in offshore Japan in the future. MH21 plans to conduct the second Arctic onshore hydrate evaluation operation in the near future, in the preparative stage of the future offshore gas recovery test from the methane hydrate deposits Scientific Research Activities MH21 (Research Consortium for Methane Hydrate Resources in Japan), which consists of JOGMEC, AIST, ENAA, and many organisations of industry and science, has been conducting a long term R&D program of methane hydrate development as a fuel resource since JOGMEC, in collaboration with AIST and other consortium members, conducted a systematic drilling campaign of methane hydrate exploration in the eastern Nankai Trough with the drill ship JOIDES Resolution, from January to May Sixteen wells were drilled to collect core samples from methane hydrate bearing formations for the measurement of physical properties, gas compositions, and reservoir characteristics. The distribution and geologic occurrences of methane hydrate were examined by means of well logging and frequent coring. With the core samples from JOIDES Resolution, AIST conducted radiotracer experiments in collaboration with Cardiff University to determine the rate of methanogenesis. AIST has conducted surface sediment sampling with piston and gravity corers since 2002 with the cooperation of Hokkaido, Tokyo, Hiroshima and Kochi Universities to reveal the sea bottom methane flux distribution in eastern Nankai Trough, by the depth distribution of sulphate methane interface which can be easily determined by the geochemical analysis of pore water squeezed from surface sediment samples. These geochemical surveys revealed the sulphate methane interface anomaly in the forearc basin areas. Since 2004, AIST has cooperated with University of Tokyo and other institutions to investigate another focused point of recent Japanese methane hydrate research, in the offshore Niigata area. Some thermogenic methane hydrates were discovered in the offshore Niigata area during the site survey of METI/JOGMEC and exploratory drilling during The University of Tokyo and AIST survey group revealed the wide extent of development of active gas expulsion from the seafloor to the sea water column and extensive development of methane gas hydrate in the shallow subsurface in the field with acoustic water column profiling and piston coring. JAMSTEC and Kobe University conducted a seafloor electromagnetic survey in 2005 and revealed large shallow subsurface domains of high Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 139 CCOP Technical Secretariat

133 resistivity which suggest the intensive development of hydrate bearing deposits in the field. To investigate how microbial methane accumulates and forms the hydrates, AIST measured various sediment samples of marine cold seep spots and on-land gas fields for specific lipids (pentamethyl icosane and hydroxyl archaeol) to show their validity as biomarkers of methanogens, and further applied the method to deep marine sediment samples from the hydrate bearing zone in the eastern Nankai Trough to show the presence and activities of living methanogens. Systematic sampling of the hydrate bearing sedimentary sequences was also carried out during IODP Expedition 311 with JOIDES Resolution in the Cascadia subduction complex of Canadian Pacific margin. The activities of methanogenesis in the different environments and geological histories of these margins have been measured through the cultivation of methanogens within sediment samples using radiotracers to investigate how the isotopic composition of microbial methane depend on the environmental conditions, e.g., temperature and hydrogen partial pressure. For the development of a numerical simulator, newly developed subroutines were integrated into an existing simulator (FEHM) and sensitivity analysis was conducted, while adjusting physical properties of the methane hydrate. In the sensitivity analysis, the relative permeability and capillary pressure of the methane hydrate reservoir was examined in the case of the pressure-release method. Also, post-processor was made to show the simulated results. The calculation module, part of a numerical simulator, has been developed to predict and evaluate the deformation of methane hydrate strata accurately. To improve the present calculation module, mechanical behaviour, pore water flow and heat transfer that affect the consolidation progress in methane hydrate strata have been formulated on the bases of the balance equation, the equation of continuity and the energy conservation law. Laboratory experiments on the mechanical properties of methane hydrate strata have been carried out using synthetic methane hydrate sediments to validate the accuracy of simulation by the calculation module under development. In order to obtain fundamental data for the evaluation of permeability in porous media with gas hydrates, a series of experimental and analytical studies had been carried out. An experiment for the visualisation of porous media flow with gas-water phases was conducted to observe the multiphase flow behaviour in hydrate reservoirs. Important parameters of relative permeability were clarified by the experiment of permeability measurement using an apparatus specially designed and made for multi-phase flow conditions in a sand column. Based on the experimental results, some principal equations for evaluating relative permeability had been formulated. The developed reservoir simulator will be used for the field experimental design and further evaluation of the second field gas recovery test in the Arctic onshore in the near future Geothermal energy This section is mainly summarized from the submitted draft of Japan Country Report 2005, part of the IEA Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2005, by Muraoka and Akasaka (2006) Summary of Geothermal Energy in Japan for The total installed electricity generation capacity of geothermal energy in Japan as of the end of March 2005 was MWe by eighteen geothermal power stations including the companies own power plants (Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering Society, 2005). Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 140 CCOP Technical Secretariat

134 The total electricity generation for geothermal energy in Japan during FY2004 (from April 2004 to March 2005) was 3,369 GWh (Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering Society, 2005). Hatchobaru- a 2000 kw demonstration binary power plant is operating from February 2004 and was approved as the first geothermal facility for the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) Law in Japan, February 24, The New Energy and Technology Development Organization (NEDO) adopted the four new fields for the Geothermal Development Promotion Survey from FY2005: Onsen-cho (Hyogo), Otari-mura (Nagano), Okushiri-cho (Hokkaido) and Shibetsu-Serayama (Hokkaido). The Yangbajain Geothermal Development Project by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) ended in FY2005 (from April 2005 to March 2006). The Master Plan Study for Geothermal Power Development in Indonesia by JICA has started from FY2006. The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) is enthusiastically allocating the ODA Loans to geothermal developments in Indonesia. The Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment (GREEN) of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (GSJ/AIST) has held the 7th Asian Geothermal Symposium in Qingdao, China in cooperation with the Geothermal China Energy Society (GCES), Shandong Bureau of Exploration and Development of Geology and Mineral Resources (SBED) and Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), July 25-26, Current Policy on Geothermal Energy in Japan The Agency for Natural Resources and Energy published the Energy White Paper 2005 in May The Energy White Paper 2005 shows nine different future scenarios on energy demand and supply in Japan toward the year Even in the scenario where renewable and new energies will play the maximum growing role, geothermal energy is assumed to be zero growth toward This policy seems biased in such a potential geothermal country as Japan, but is the presently given policy in Japan. The recent reduction of political incentives to geothermal development is a primary constraint, making the geothermal market stagnant in Japan. Internationally, geothermal energy is categorized as renewable energy together with solar, wind, hydro and biomass energy. Whereas, in Japan, only solar and wind were classified as new energy that enjoyed protection under the law concerning the Promotion of the Use of New Energy enacted in Geothermal energy was not included in this category. In 2001, biomass was added to the list of new energy to be promoted by the New Energy Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee for the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, but geothermal energy was not added. A change has come very recently. In May 2006, the New Energy Subcommittee of the Advisory Committee for the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy proposed that the category of new energy should include small-hydro and geothermal energy, considering an international standard (New Energy Subcommittee, 2006). If this proposal is enacted, the geothermal market will be revived in Japan. So far as the period since April 2003 is concerned, full-scale national projects for geothermal R&D have not been conducted by NEDO. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the Geothermal Research Society of Japan still has about 600 members, preserving a highlevel motivation for geothermal R&D. Research activity is individually performed by Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 141 CCOP Technical Secretariat

135 national universities, national institutes and private sector interests funded from their own budgets Geothermal Exploration and Development in Japan NEDO has been undertaking the Geothermal Development Promotion Survey since This is a market promotion project rather than the R&D project. This is the only one ongoing full-scale national project in Japan since April The purpose of this project is to encourage the private sector to develop geothermal power plants by reducing cost, risk and lead-time for development. More than 55 areas had been surveyed by the end of FY2004. In FY 2004, the original scheme of this survey was terminated by the completion of the last area, Kirishima-Eboshi-dake (Kagoshima Prefecture). NEDO has renovated a concept of this survey for more efficient development into the Middle- to Small-Scale Geothermal Development Promotion Survey since FY2004 where the target for development is smaller than 10 MW. NEDO adopted the three geothermal fields, Obama (Nagasaki Prefecture), Tenei (Fukushima Prefecture) and Minase (Akita Prefecture) for the renovated survey from FY NEDO also adopted the four geothermal fields, Onsen-cho (Hyogo), Otari-mura (Nagano), Okushiri-cho (Hokkaido) and Shibetsu-Serayama (Hokkaido) for the survey from FY Research Activity in Japan Many researchers who are concerned with hot dry rock systems or enhanced geothermal systems are cooperatively participating in the Cooper Basin HDR Project in Australia, including those from the Graduate School of Environmental Studies in Tohoku University, the Civil Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) in the Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) and GREEN of GSJ/AIST. The geo-heat pump system is currently one of the key research issues in Japan that is mainly investigated by Tohoku University, the Graduate School of Engineering in Kyushu University, the Research Institute of Materials and Resources in Akita University and GREEN, GSJ/AIST. Geothermal reservoir engineering is mainly carried out by Kyushu University and GREEN, GSJ/AIST. Geothermal exploration techniques are mainly studied by Tohoku University, Kyushu University, Akita University and GREEN, GSJ/AIST. Nationwide geothermal resource assessments and databases are mainly conducted by GREEN, GSJ/AIST. The Master Plan Study for Geothermal Power Development in Indonesia by JICA is technically supported by GREEN, GSJ/AIST Research Activity in GREEN, GSJ/AIST Digital geothermal resource maps on a scale of 1:500,000 for Sapporo, Aomori, Akita, Niigata, Fukuoka and Kagoshima were published as a CD-ROM version in 2002 (Geological Survey of Japan, 2002). A more quantitative mapping method using GIS has been investigated for the systematic representation of integrated data including unexploited geothermal resources. Concerning the renovated NEDO Geothermal Development Promotion Survey, construction of a nationwide database and digital map for the middle- to small-scale geothermal resources has been conducted from FY2005 and its proto-type will be completed in FY2006. One of the results achieved in this project is shown as a first regional permeability map in Japan in Figure 7 (Muraoka et al., 2006). In order to optimise the utilization of underground low-enthalpy heat at a relatively shallow depth such as with geothermal heat pumps, a study for estimation of underground water flow has been conducted. In this study, the Nobi and Sendai plains have been selected as model fields, where temperature logging and numerical modeling have been performed. The same lines Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 142 CCOP Technical Secretariat

136 investigation efforts have also been made in the Chao-Phaya plain in Thailand and the Red River plain in. Geophysical exploration researchers have performed magnetotelluric surveys in Pohang and Jeju Island in Korea in cooperation with KIGAM. The reservoir engineering researchers have continued a dynamic reservoir evaluation in the operating geothermal fields in Japan in cooperation with geothermal power generation companies. The results of the CCOP/DCGM-VI geothermal database that terminated in March 2004 are going to be published as a special issue of the CCOP Technical Bulletin including a CD-ROM in FY International Geothermal Cooperation in Japan The second term of the Geothermal Implementing Agreement (GIA) of the International Energy Agency (IEA) started from April 2002 and will end in March The GIA provides an important framework for wide-ranging international cooperation in geothermal R&D, mainly among OECD countries. The operating agency in Japan is NEDO, and AIST participates in the GIA from a technical point of view. The R&D activities are conducted under Annexes to the GIA, of which there are currently five: Environmental Impacts of Geothermal Energy Development (Annex-I), Enhanced Geothermal Systems (Annex-III), Deep Geothermal Resources (Annex-IV), Advanced Geothermal Drilling Techniques (Annex-VII) and Direct Use of Geothermal Energy (Annex-VIII). Japan is leading Annex-III and participates in Annex-VIII. The result shown in Figure 7 benefited from discussion in Annex-VIII. The Yangbajain Geothermal Development Project in Tibet, China, has been conducted by JICA from 2001 to The Tibet Railway has just been completed from Golmud in Qinghai to Lhasa in Tibet on July 2, 2006, so that electricity demands are quickly increasing in Lhasa. As the present Yangbajain geothermal power plants of 25 MW of installed capacity are producing fluids from a very shallow reservoir at a depth from 200 to 300 m and the reservoir is insufficient for further expansion of the power plants. Consequently, the JICA Project has sought a deeper reservoir in the northern slope of the Yangbajain geothermal field. The well CJZK3001 was drilled to a depth of 2,249 m and encountered a productive reservoir. Unfortunately, the casing was broken at a depth of 200 m that coincided with the present production zone. However, China still keeps a deep productive well ZK4001. Using this well, JICA supplied the flow test facilities as well as a very long pipeline, and successfully conducted the flow test in 2005 for the future expansion of the Yangbajain geothermal power plants. JICA has launched the Master Plan Study for Geothermal Power Development in the Republic of Indonesia at the request of the Indonesian Government from April Geothermal resource potentials for power generation in Indonesia are estimated to be 27,357 MWe, undoubtedly the largest geothermal resource country in the world, whereas the installed capacity is still 807 MWe as of 2004, only 3 % of the total resource potential. In addition, Indonesia has become an oil-importing country since 2002 and the diversification of its primary energy sources is necessary. Particularly, geothermal energy is one of the potential candidates for an alternative energy source. The output of the Master Plan Study for Geothermal Power Development in the Republic of Indonesia will be a database for systematic assessment of representative geothermal fields in Indonesia and a scenario for the systematic geothermal development. The project is scheduled for a relatively short term from April 2006 to September 2008, a period of only 18 months. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 143 CCOP Technical Secretariat

137 JBIC was established in 1999 in order to undertake lending the ODA soft loans to developing countries for their economic and social developments. Recently, JBIC has been extending the ODA soft loans to geothermal developments in Indonesia at the request from the Indonesian Government. For example, JBIC decided to lend 5.9 billion Yen for the geothermal development in the Lahendong geothermal field, Sulawesi in March 2004 and decided to lend 20.3 billion Yen for the geothermal development in the Ulubelu geothermal field, southern Sumatra in March It is probable that for the near future JBIC will lend the ODA soft loans to geothermal developments in Indonesia in almost every year. GREEN, GSJ/AIST, held the 7th Asian Geothermal Symposium in Huanhai Hotel, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China, in cooperation with GCES, SBED and KIGAM, from July 25-26, The registered participants amounted to 103 persons and it was the largest Asian Geothermal Symposium of the last seven such Symposia. This event was reported on the evening news of Shandong Television on July 25, As the post- Symposium excursion, the participants visited Qufu City for three Confucian monuments, Mt. Taishan and Shandong Geothermal Resource Scientific Research and Development Model Base, 10 km northwest of Jinan City, where dynamic geothermal developments in China were seen. References Geological Survey of Japan (2002) Geothermal resources map of Tohoku and Kyushu [CD-ROM] (in Japanese with English abstract), Digital Geosci. Map GT-1, Natl. Inst. of Adv. Ind. Sci. and Technol., Tsukuba, Japan. Geological Survey of Japan (2005) Distribution map and catalogue of hot and mineral springs in Japan [CD-ROM] (in Japanese with English abstract), 2nd ed., Digital Geosci. Map GT-2, Natl. Inst. of Adv. Ind. Sci. and Technol., Tsukuba, Japan. Muraoka, H. and Akasaka, C. (2006) Japan Country Report p. In: IEA Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2005, Muraoka, H., Sakaguchi, K., Nakao, S. and Kimbara, K. (2006) Discharge temperature discharge rate correlation of Japanese hot springs driven by buoyancy and its application to permeability mapping. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L10405, doi: /2006gl New Energy Subcommittee (2006) Interim Report. 33p (in Japanese). Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering Society (2005) Present State and Trend on Geothermal Power Generation in Japan. 89p (in Japanese). Wessel, P., and Smith, W. H. F. (1998) New, improved version of the Generic Mapping Tools released. Eos Trans. AGU, 79, 579. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 144 CCOP Technical Secretariat

138 Figure 7. A permeability map of Japan for the 1 km skin depth based on the hot spring advection model (Muraoka et al., 2006) drawn with a grid spacing of 0.5 minute by GMT (Wessel and Smith, 1998). The data of 3,627 hot springs are used (Geological Survey of Japan, 2005). Colour contouring is only valid within the limits of Japan. 3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 3.1. Summary Groundwater is not easily observed from the land surface, but it is one of essential elements of the global water cycle. It is widely used for drinking and agricultural and industrial purposes in many countries in the world. With both the water environment and water resources threatened worldwide, the twenty-first century is said to be the century of water. Several major contemporary water issues were identified by the Japanese Council for Science and Technology Policy, including problems associated with water balance, water circulation and water catchment areas. Excessive groundwater pumping accompanying rapid urban development has caused several undesirable groundwater problems in Japan, such as groundwater pollution, land subsidence and seawater intrusion. During the past twenty to thirty years, however, land subsidence in major cities has been dramatically stopped by controlling groundwater extraction according to laws and regulations. As consequence, however, the recently rising groundwater table, especially in Tokyo, has been recognized as a new groundwater problem which might cause water seepage into underground shopping malls and tunnels. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 145 CCOP Technical Secretariat

139 In the first stage of the research work of the Water Environment Research Group, GSJ/AIST, it is intended to use a multi-tracer technique to study the groundwater hydrology of some coastal plains in Japan to elucidate the effects of global warming and urbanization on the groundwater environment. Also a series of water environmental maps will be published. The multi-tracer technique is based on the data combination of hydraulic potential distribution, water chemical compositions, groundwater temperature and environmental isotopes. In the second stage of our research, the groundwater in the Yellow River basin in China is being studied and large-scale water circulation modeling being developed Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities In order to adequately address groundwater problems and to preserve resources both in terms of quantity and quality, basic studies are required. The Water Environment Research Group of GSJ/AIST is now carrying out the study of urban hydrology of some alluvial plains in Japan. The recharge and discharge regions of water flow systems are being investigated and characterised through field surveys and laboratory work together with simulation techniques. Water environmental maps are important for giving an overview of the hydrologic environment of catchment areas and supplying fundamental data such as groundwater level, chemical composition, oxygen/hydrogen isotope ratio and underground temperature profile n to local governments and residents. Three water environmental maps, entitled Akita Plain, Kanto Plain and Nobi Plain, were published on CD-ROM in early 2005, and these will be followed by a map of Chikushi Plain in early These maps are expected for wide utilisation in efforts to preserve groundwater resources and prevent groundwater pollution. The maps should also be useful for analysis of geosphere environmental problems and the development and utilisation of geothermal energy resources. GSJ/AIST is now executing the project titled Modeling of Water Balance, Circulation and Utilization of Groundwater in the Yellow River Basin which is joint work under the MOU between GSJ/AIST and the China Geological Survey. The study area of this project covers eight to nine provinces in the catchment area of the Yellow River. GSJ/AIST is responsible for analysis of chemical components and stable isotopes of water samples and compiling profiles of underground temperature. These data and the groundwater-table changes monitored by the Chinese counterpart institutions are used for development of the groundwater circulation model of the Yellow River basin. Fig. 8 shows the three dimensional grid model of the Yellow River. Promotion of ground-coupled heat-pump systems is an invaluable solution to reduce heat-island phenomenon in big cities and total CO 2 emission by saving energy and electricity. For cost-effective system designs for heat-pump systems, it is essential to get subsurface information such as temperature, groundwater level and groundwater flow rate. Our mission is to construct detailed numerical models of groundwater systems for major plains in Japan. For this purpose, measurements of temperature profiles in various groundwater wells and chemical and isotopic analysis of groundwater samples are conducted. The same study is also conducted in Kamphaengphet along the Chao-Phraya River, Thailand, in collaboration with the Department of Groundwater Resources, Thailand. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 146 CCOP Technical Secretariat

140 Figure 8. Three dimensional grid model of the Yellow River (Designed and arranged by Geosphere Environmental Technology Corp.) GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR 4. COASTAL ZONE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 4.1. Summary Since the merger of the two departments focusing on the land and the ocean in May 2004, the Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST is placing research emphasis on the environmental geological study of the coastal zone. Two topics of the research of the last year will be illustrated below Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Global Biogeochemical Cycles Research The research objective is to better understand the relationship between biogeochemical cycles and climate change on regional and global scales. By analysing geochemical parameters including organic carbon, carbonate, heavy metals and stable isotopic compositions of carbonate, as well as the assemblage of microfossils, various biogeochemical processes and paleo-environments in the ocean have been investigated. Stable isotopes and heavy metal contents in coral skeleton have been analyzed to understand the fluctuation of seawater temperature, salinity and the level of pollution by human activity. In particular, the research group determined the Pb contents together with Pb isotopic compositions in coral skeletons collected from the western Pacific and adjacent seas in order to examine distribution of Pb in sea surfaces. The spatial distribution of Pb showed a clear dilution pattern of Pb from the Asian continent to the open ocean. Also a similar trend was found in the Java Sea from Jakarta to the offshore. In addition to the spatial distribution, temporal records of Pb were also investigated using coral skeletons from Ogasawara Island. Pb contents in Ogasawara coral have gradually increased during last 108 years. It may be attributed to Pb emission mainly from industrial activities in Asian Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 147 CCOP Technical Secretariat

141 countries. In addition, modeling studies for biogeochemical cycles have been carried out on a global scale to understand the large fluctuation of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere during the glacial/interglacial cycles. Figure 9. Time series of Pb contents in a Porites coral collected from Ogasawara Islands, Japan Collaborative Research in Asia 1) As parts of a JSPS-VAST bilateral joint research program on Recent changes and human impacts on coastal zones of the Mekong River delta, ( ), field surveys were conducted in the Tra Vinh area of the Mekong river delta on November 11 to 19, 2006 by the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST and Niigata University from Japan and Sub- Institute of Geography and Nha Trang Institute of Oceanography of VAST from. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR: PulseEKKO 100 of Sensors & Software Inc.) was used for a beach ridge survey to understand the shallow subsurface structure of the beach-backshoredune succession. Four beach ridges in the Tra Vinh area, formed during the last 4000 years including modern beach ridges, were surveyed. A topographic survey was also done on GPR tracklines. A field survey on modern sediments and topography in the intertidal zone of the Mekong river delta was also conducted in the Tra Vinh area to understand annual to seasonal changes of the intertidal zone. Repeat surveys are planned during the next two years. Figure 10. GPR survey in the Mekong River delta in November Figure 11. Drilling survey in the Mekong River lowland in February ) As parts of a joint program between the Geological Survey of Japan/AIST and the General Department of Mineral Resources, Cambodia on Geological and Sedimentological study of lowlands in Cambodia ( ), drilling and a seismic surveys were conducted during February 7 to 23, 2006 and April 19 to 30, 2006, respectively. An approximately 30 m long Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 148 CCOP Technical Secretariat

142 core was taken from the Mekong river lowland near the border of. This core is the third core following two previous cores taken from the Mekong river lowland since Radiocarbon dating and microfossil analyses are currently being investigated. The result of the first core taken in 2004 will be published in the Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (Tamura et al., 2006). A seismic survey in the Mekong River in Cambodia was also conducted as a part of the CCOP DelSEA project, Integrated Geological Assessment for Deltas in Southeast and East Asia, supported by Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (Kakenhi) of JSPS, AIST, and CCOP. Twelve-channel and single channel seismic surveys by using EG&G Uniboom and Garmin GPS was done from Kampong Cham to the border in the Mekong River, Phnom Penh to Takhmau of the Bassac River and Prek Kdam to Phnom Penh of the Tonle Sap River. The total length of seismic tracklines was more than 300 km. All seismic equipment and positioning systems were transported from GSJ by a ship for this survey. A tourist boat, 4 m wide and 22.6 m long and named Mekong/Ravy, was used. Participants were from GSJ/AIST, Kanazawa University, Kowa Geological Survey (Japan), DMR (Thailand) and GDMR (Cambodia). Various kinds of bedforms with wave lengths of a few meters to 400 meters were found in river bottoms through the Mekong River and an erosional surface to be correlated with that of the Last Glacial Maximum was partially recognized in the Mekong River. Figure 12. Seismic survey in the Mekong River, Cambodia. 3) Results of a collaborative study between GSJ, the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) on the paleoenvironment of the Changjiang (Yangtze) delta was published in Geosciences Journal (Yi et al., 2006). The results of a joint study on deltas in between GSJ and Department of Geology and Minerals of (DGMV) also were published in international journals (Hanebuth et al., 2006; Li et al., 2006; Tanabe et al., 2006). 4) Seminar and short course Seminars and short course on deltas were conducted in Korea, Malaysia, China and Indonesia, supported by CCOP, GSJ/AIST and local hosts. Delta Seminars: September 22-23, 2005 in KIGAM in Daejeon, Korea March 14-17, 2006 in JMG, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia July 25-26, 2006 in CGS, Bandung, Indonesia Short course: May 24-26, 2006 in Qingdao (QIMG), China. These seminars and short course have been done as activities of CCOP DelSEA project and IGCP-475 DeltaMAP. The number of total participants was close to 200. The seminars and short courses are conducted on request from the Member Countries. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 149 CCOP Technical Secretariat

143 References Hanebuth, T.J.J., Saito, Y., Tanabe, S., Vu, Q.L., Ngo, Q.T., (2006) Sea levels during late marine isotope stage 3 (or older?) reported from the Red River delta (northern ) and adjacent regions. Quaternary International, vol , pp Li, Z., Saito, Y., Matsumoto, E., Wang, Y., Tanabe, S., Vu, Q.L. (2006) Climate change and human impact on the Song Hong (Red River) delta,, during the Holocene. Quaternary International, vol. 144, no. 1, pp Tamura T., Saito Y., Sieng, S., Ben, B., Kong, M., Choup, S., Tsukawaki, S. (2006) Depositional facies and radiocarbon ages of a drill core from the Mekong River lowland near Phnom Penh, Cambodia: evidence for tidal sedimentation at the time of Holocene maximum flooding. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, (in press). Tanabe, S., Saito, Y., Vu, Q.L., Hanebuth, T.J.J., Ngo, Q.L. (2006) Holocene evolution of the Song Hong (Red River) delta system, northern. Sedimentary Geology, vol. 187, nos. 1-2, pp Yi, S., Saito, Y., Chen, Z., Yang, D.Y. (2006) Palynological study on vegetation and climatic change in the subaqueous Changjiang (Yangtze River) delta, China, during the past about 1600 years. Geosciences Journal, vol. 10, no. 1, pp GEO-HAZARDS PROGRAMME 5.1. Summary The Geological Survey of Japan, AIST places considerable research emphasis on geological hazard mitigation studies. Developing the digital version of hazard maps is the recent emphasis. On January 2006, the Interactive Geological Hazard Map of East and South East Asia was published as a CD-ROM. The Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, is also pursuing Volcano and Earthquake related studies (see below) because of the very high activity of both Volcanoes and Earthquakes in the Japanese Islands. In addition to the printed version of the Geological Maps of Miyakejima and Iwate volcanoes, the CD-ROM versions of these two Geological Maps were published. The Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) of JMA placed research priority on (1) Improvement in prediction accuracy for the Tokai earthquakes and (2) Development of quantitative detection techniques of magma activity and improvement of volcanic activity level. As for international collaboration in disaster reduction, the Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) continued its activity through (1) Information sharing, (2) Human resource development, and (3) Enhancement of community capabilities. The Public Works Research Institute (PWRI) carries out multidisciplinary research and development for enhancing civil engineering technologies. Their activity report consists of 5 topics of research activity. As for the international activities, PWRI hosts the International Center for Water Hazard and Risk Managenment (ICHARM), which was established March 2006, and is the first global center on water related hazards and their risk management Annual Report of Technical Programmes/Activities Geological Hazard Map The paper version of the Geological Hazard Map of East and South East Asia was published in March 2002 (Kato, et.al, 2002). The maps include volcanic, earthquake, tsunami and landslide hazards. The maps show the historical occurrences of the different geological hazards in the region. Because of the physical limitation of the maps in paper format, not all Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 150 CCOP Technical Secretariat

144 important geological hazard information can be shown on the maps. Consequently, the production of the digital interactive version of the maps was started in the later part of Figure 13. The 2006 Version of the Interactive Geological Hazard Map of East Asia in CD-ROM The first English version of the Interactive Geological Hazard Map of East and Southeast Asia in CD-ROM was published in April The first Japanese version of the same CD-ROM was published in April The CD-ROM can be used under the Microsoft Windows operating system. The latest version of the interactive map in English was published in January 2006 (Figure 13). The online version of the interactive geological hazard map is presently being developed and will be launched this year. A component of the interactive map, the Interactive Volcanic Hazard Map (Figure 14), is already finished and will be available online in August The online versions of the interactive maps can be run using Internet Explorer under Windows and Macintosh operating systems. Work is also in progress on making the online versions compatible to other major browsers like Netscape, Mozilla Firefox and Safari. The interactive map is run by GeoHazardView, the GIS software developed at the Asian Geoinformation Research Group, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. The main purpose of this software is to readily provide information about geological hazards to a wide range of users. The software provides a good alternative to viewing geological hazard maps and related information in paper format. It incorporates spatial and a-spatial data that interactively present the time, locations, and the areas affected by the occurrence of geological hazards as well as related information. Queries on particular hazard information such as the number of casualties, magnitude and location of earthquake epicentres, and names and locations of volcanoes that erupted in a particular year can be easily made. Simulations of such particular geological events as the spread of volcanic ash during major volcanic eruptions also can be shown. Pictures and satellite images of volcanoes can also be viewed using the software. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 151 CCOP Technical Secretariat

145 Figure 14. The Online Version of the Interactive Volcanic Hazard Map of East Asia Volcano related studies Volcanological Studies The GSJ/AIST is studying volcanic and magmatic activity from a multi-disciplinary viewpoint. The eruptive histories of active volcanoes, for example, Tokachi, Tarumae in Hokkaido, Azuma in NE-Japan, Haruna and Fuji in Central Japan, Kuchinoerabu-jima in Kyushu, and Nishi-no-shima in Bonin Islands were studied with radiometric dating techniques and geological mapping. Many trench surveys were also conducted at Fuji volcano. CD-ROM appendices of the Volcanological maps of Miyakejima (Figure 15) and Iwate volcanoes were published. A cooperation project on volcanoes with the Directorate of Volcanology and Geologic Hazard Mitigation, Indonesia was also conducted. The 2 nd CCOP field workshop for volcanic hazard mitigation was held at Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Assessment of volcanic activity was carried out by monitoring ground deformation, heat discharges, volcanic gas and the analyses of eruptive materials. A small-scale phreatic eruption occurred at Me-akan volcano, Hokkaido and analysis of eruptive materials was conducted. Miyakejima volcano and Asama volcano continue large-scale gas emissions; SO 2 flux measurements and volcanic gas composition measurements were carried out Studies on the 2006 Merapi volcano eruption The 2006 eruption of Merapi, Indonesia, began with intensive seismic activity in March On 28 April, a lava flow traveled 1.5 km in a southwesterly direction from the summit to the Lamat River. On and after 14 May 14, frequent pyroclastic flows traveled to the west, southwest and southeast. In the Global Volcano Monitoring Plan with ASTER, Merapi volcano is monitored as a Class A Volcano that is observed every 48 days in daytime and every 36 days at night. In addition to the normal observation, the Earth Remote Sensing Data Analysis Center (ERSDAC), Japan, conducted an emergency observation for Merapi volcano from 28 April to 8 July, Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 152 CCOP Technical Secretariat

146 The maximum temperature detected by ASTER TIR band 13 (Figure 16) increased sharply to May, 2006, ten days before the pyroclastic flow activity on 14 May. The maximum temperature of 94 0 was observed on 6 June, on which the Alert Level was 4. Traces of active lava flows and pyroclastic flows were clearly seen in the ASTER thermal image on and after 14 May. Figure 15. Volcanological map of Miyakejima Volcano Figure 16. Surface temperature change of Merapi volcano detected by ASTER TIR band 13 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 153 CCOP Technical Secretariat

147 Studies on the 2 July, 2005, Fukutoku-Okanoba submarine volcano eruption Fukutoku-Okanoba submarine volcano (24 17'0"N, '6"E) erupted on 2 July, Three days after the eruption, ASTER observed discoloured seawater and floating materials up to 40 km from the submarine volcano as shown in Fig. 17. At the most densely discoloured seawater area, the reflectance of ASTER band 1 is 3 % higher than the surrounding seawater. The floating materials are similar in ASTER VNIR reflectance spectra to clouds, however, the floating materials can be destinguished from clouds by their shape and stereo image features. The extent of the discoloured seawater area and floating material detected by ASTER were 6.34 km 2 and 1.14 km 2, respectively. It is possible to estimate the scale of submarine eruption using the quantitative data derived from satellite remote sensing. Figure 17. ASTER VINR image observed on July 5, ASTER bands 3 (0.81m), 2 (0.66 m) and 1 (0.56 m) are assigned to red, green blue, respectively Earthquake related studies Summary Earthquake research in Japan is coordinated by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HQERP), a special organisation attached to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Major research organisations under the headquarters are JMA, Geographical Survey Institute (GSI), GSJ/AIST, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), Hydrographic and Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 154 CCOP Technical Secretariat

148 Oceanographic Department of Japan Coast Guard (HOD/JCG), and various universities. GSJ/AIST plays an important role in various earthquake research fields. Surface mapping and trenching studies were conducted for the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake and the 2005 Pakistan earthquake. Three-dimensional geological structure and stress fields were estimated in the source region of the 2004 Niigata earthquake. Tsunami deposits from AD 869 earthquake were mapped in Sendai plain. Three-dimensional subsurface structure of Nakagawa Lowland, urban region in Kanto plain, has been mapped for seismic hazard mitigation. Earthquake strong-motion prediction was made for Osaka plain in western Japan. A ground water monitoring network has been maintained in Tokai and Kansai areas, which recorded surface waves from the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake Study of Surface Rupture Associated with the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake. A small reverse-fault type surface rupture with up to 15 cm vertical separation appeared at the eastern margin of the source area of the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake (M JMA 6.8) in central Japan. To better understand the past seismic behaviour of this fault, GSJ/AIST excavated a 15-m-long trench across both the surface rupture and a pre-existing 2- m-high scarp 2 m behind the rupture. As a result, a well-defined thrust fault was exposed on the trench wall (Figure 18). This thrust displaces the Pliocene-Pleistocene strata and overlying Holocene gravel, sand and organic beds. Deformation characteristics of each bed and radiocarbon dating have revealed that two paleoseismic events occurred in the past 8,000 years. The two pre-2004 events have ~1.5 m slip, which is roughly ten times as large as the slip during the 2004 event. Figure 18. Thrust fault exposed on the trench wall. Arrow shows the surface rupture associated with the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake Study of Surface Rupture Associated with the 2005 Pakistan Earthquake. On 8 th October, 2005, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck northern Pakistan. The earthquake caused appalling devastation with reportedly over 86,000 fatalities; the second worst earthquake disaster in the last few decades after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 155 CCOP Technical Secretariat

149 Prompt analysis of satellite images (Fujiwara et al., 2006) strongly implied that the active fault that Nakata et al. (1991) had mapped previously was reactivated during the earthquake. As a part of international cooperation, and also because of its scientific significance, GSJ/AIST conducted detailed mapping of the surface rupture in January and March, 2006, in collaboration with Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Kyoto University, and the Geological Survey of Pakistan. The 20-day field survey revealed a 70-km-long surface rupture (Figure 19) with vertical separation of up to 7 m, mostly following the pre-existing active fault trace. The surface rupture is subdivided into three geometrical segments by small steps, implying that the nearly simultaneous rupture of those three segments led to this large earthquake of M 7.6. Extraordinarily severe house damage close to the surface rupture on its upthrow side was also observed.the earthquake provided a very rare opportunity to study a thrusting surface rupture in great detail, serving as an important basis for future, improved, seismic hazard assessment of active thrusts in Japan and elsewhere in the world Studies on Seismogenic Processes Duringthe last year GSJ/AIST has been undertaking a research project to develop a methodology to estimate factors controlling an earthquake cycle and stress field in deeper parts of active faults. For this purpose, seismological observations have been carried out along the active faults in seismic gaps to determine focal mechanisms of ultra-micro earthquakes, spatial variation of S-wave anisotropies and fine velocity structures around the active faults. Figure 19. Surface rupture associated with the 2005 Pakistan earthquake. Red circles show locations where the surface rupture was positioned by GPS. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 156 CCOP Technical Secretariat

150 Three dimensionsal fine geological structure and stress fields in a seismic gap were estimated by a combined analysis of geological maps, geophysical exploration and micro-earthquake data. in the Chuetsu area of central Japan, which suffered a severe earthquake (M JMA 6.8) in October 200. This area was thus found to contain unruptured deep faults, and is likely to have the potential for large earthquakes on these faults in the near future (Figure 20). A new method to inexpensively measure stress orientations using a shallow borehole has been successfully developed to evaluate stress fields around active faults. A new tool for measuring stress orientation using a borehole down to 20 m has been tested at the Kego fault close to the source area of the 2005 Fukuoka-ken Seiho-oki earthquake (M JMA 7.0) in western Japan and the Atotsugawa fault that produced the 1858 Hietsu earthquake (M JMA 7.0) in central Japan. These tests show good performance of the new tool. High temperature and high pressure rock experiments (confining and pore pressures up to 200 MPa, temperature up to 800 degrees Celsius) were performed to link observable physical parameters, such as seismic velocities and electrical conductivity, with rock material and stress state in the deeper parts of active faults. Rock fracture experiments are being performed to develop new techniques for evaluating stress states of the active faults from seismicity changes associated with stress disturbances by earth tides. Figure 20. Estimation of unruptured faults in southern Chuetsu, central Japan Study of Tsunami Deposits in the Sendai Plain The Sendai Plain (Figure 21), one of the coastal plains facing the Pacific Ocean along the Japan trench, is underlain by Holocene sediments which have been growing 2 to 5 km seaward during the period of about the last 7000 years. A historical record tells that the plain experienced a giant earthquake and tsunami in A.D. 869, and tsunami deposits correlative to this event have been reported by several researchers. In 2005, GSJ/AIST started to elucidate details of the giant tsunamis that have affected the Sendai Plain, including the A.D.869 tsunami. The plain is composed of strand lines, topographic highs of ancient dunes, and lowlands between the dunes. Four geologic sections were constructed along lines crossing the coastal plain based on cored sediment samples 2 to 3 m long. The lowland is underlain by peaty sediments that contain thin sand layers (tsunami deposits). The A.D. 869 tsunami deposits can be traced about 3 to 4 km inland from the present coast, but cannot be found in the lowland within 1 km from the present coast, indicating that the coast in A.D. 869 was located about 1 km inland from the present coast and the tsunami inundated about 2 to 3 km from the coast. Two or three sand layers were obtained in the peaty sediments below the A.D.869 tsunami deposit and radiocarbon dating indicates that the recurrence interval of the tsunami is about 1000 years. Further studies of the tsunami deposits in and around the Sendai Plain will be continued and the final goal is to determine the source of the tsunami and to reproduce the tsunami by a numerical simulation. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 157 CCOP Technical Secretariat

151 Figure 21. Location of the Sendai Plain and distribution of identified tsunami deposits Urban Geology Contributing to Seismic Hazard Mitigation In order to contribute to seismic hazard mitigation and utilisation of underground water resources, GSJ/AIST has been carrying out an urban geology project to construct precise geological and geophysical structural models of the Kanto Plain. For fill deposits of incisedvalleys in the Tokyo and Nakagawa Lowlands, borehole survey and logging at 7 sites has been conducted, geological analysis and 14 C dating for core samples from 16 sites, construction of a borehole database (6,000 point data collected from the municipalities and public service corporations), 4-km-long shallow seismic profiling, microtremor measurements at 100 sites, and natural earthquake observation at 6 sites. Integrating these data, the 3D geography and depositional environmental change of the incised valleys was reconstructed, and also the physical properties of the incised-valley fill deposits were viualised (Figure 22). A numerical geophysical model was constructed for the incised valley beneath the Nakagawa Lowland and the validity of the model has been examined by natural earthquakes recorded at 6 observation sites. The research has also revealed that quick clay is widely distributed in the delta system buried under the Nakagawa Lowland. The distribution of quick clay seems to be closely related to the severe damage caused by the 1923 Kanto earthquake. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 158 CCOP Technical Secretariat

152 Figure 22 a: reconstructed 3D geography of incised valleys in Tokyo and Nakagawa Lowlands, b: cross-sections of the Nakagawa Lowland; reconstructed change of sedimentary systems (top) and image of N-value distribution (bottom), c: 3D view of the estuary environment about 10,000 years ago Broad-Band Strong Ground Motion Prediction Broadband ground motions in and around the Osaka basin, central Japan, were simulated for a future Nankai earthquake, a giant earthquake along the Nankai trough. Multiscale heterogeneities into both slip distribution and rupture velocity distribution, which realise empirical characteristics of slip complexity and omega-squared source spectrum, were introduced. Lower frequency ground motions on engineering basement were calculated with the finite difference method and realistic 3D crust and basin models while higher frequency ground motions on engineering basement were computed with the stochastic Green s functions. After combining these ground motions, nonlinear response of superficial layers was included with the equivalent linear method. Simulated ground motions inside the basin are characterized by long-period (5-10 s), prolonged (>300 s), and amplified motions (Figure 23). The amplitudes and dominant periods correlate with the sedimentary thickness. They are also affected by the small-scale heterogeneity of rupture process. Figure 23. left: peak ground velocity distribution, right: velocity response spectra with h=0.01. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 159 CCOP Technical Secretariat

153 Groundwater Monitoring GSJ/AIST has a network composed of about 40 groundwater observation stations in and around the Tokai and Kansai areas. This is one of the most well-equipped groundwater observation networks for earthquake prediction research in the world. Based on the pre-slip model of the impending Tokai earthquake and the assumption that groundwater level changes are proportional to volumetric strain changes, it is found that our network has a capability of detecting pre-seismic groundwater level changes. This pre-slip is an aseismic slow slip in and around the focal region expected to start a few days before the main shock. The slow crustal movement, probably caused by long-term aseismic slow slip on the plate boundary in and around the Tokai region, began in March 2001 and almost stopped at the end of Figure 24. Dynamic oscillation in groundwater pressure (top) at YSK observation site, central Japan, caused by Rayleigh waves (bottom) of the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. Fortunately, it seems that the aseismic slow slip was not accelerated and did not become the pre-slip of a Tokai earthquake this time. This means that the present intensive observations of crustal activity, including groundwater observation in and around the Tokai region, are useful for monitoring the situation of the Tokai earthquake region. In the network groundwater level or pressure changes associated with the passage of seismic waves of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (Mw 9.0) were also observed though the epicentral distance to the network is more than 5,000 km. It was clearly found that dynamic oscillation in groundwater levels or pressures were caused by Rayleigh waves of the earthquake (Figure 24). The groundwater data can be accessed from gxwell/gsj_e/index.shtml Activity Report of Meteorological Research Institute The MRI, affiliated to the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), conducts research on meteorology, geophysics, oceanography, and geochemistry. Priority research projects in Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 160 CCOP Technical Secretariat

154 seismology and volcanology are 1) Improvement in prediction accuracy for the Tokai earthquake and research of the preparation process of the To-nankai and the Nankai earthquakes, and 2) Development of quantitative detection techniques of magma activity and improvement of evaluation of volcanic activity level. Project 1), a five-year project started in April, 2004, aims at improving capability to predict the Tokai earthquake, and to monitor processes leading to the To-nankai and the Nankai earthquakes which are anticipated in the future. Numerical simulation of cycles of great earthquakes was carried out, assuming two asperities along the Nankai trough. It has been found that shape of the plate interface and distribution of friction parameters on the interface affect greatly which asperity would be ruptured first. Observation of small earthquakes by ocean bottom seismographs was carried out southeast of the Kii peninsula and off Cape Shiono-misaki to provide the simulation with a precise plate structure. Seismic signals transmitted from an ACROSS (Accurately Controlled Routinely Operated Signal System) were successfully detected at a distance of about 100 km. A new ACROSS was installed at Mori-machi in central Shizuoka prefecture in order to monitor temporal changes of physical properties on the plate interfaces between the Philippine Sea plate and the continental plate (Figure 25). The MRI continued to develop a system to measure changes in distance of hundredsmeter-scale by a laser technique. The system, designed to observe slow slip events in the Tokai and surrounding areas, will be installed in Funagira tunnel in Shizuoka prefecture (Figure 25). Project 2), a five-year project started in April, 2006, aims considering elaborate magma supply systems of major volcanoes including Izu-Oshima volcano, and at proposing simple time dependent physical models to describe magma dynamics. This project is a continuation of the one entitled "Studies on evaluation methods of volcanic activity" conducted from April, 2001 to March, The MRI developed a softwar, MaGCAP-V, which determines location and volume of magma based on crustal observation and geomagnetic observation. The software employs the finite element method to take account of topography and nonhomogeneity of the crust beneath volcanoes. Magma supply systems were inferred at Izu- Oshima volcano and Asama volcano with this software (Figure 26). Research was conducted on the tsunami caused by the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake on December 26, Source processes of the earthquake were analyzed in detail by using data from the JMA s network of strainmeters. Tsunami profiles of the earthquake with less background noise were obtained by using data of the three satellites Jason-1, POPEX/Poseidon, and ENVISAT which flew over the area concerned about two to three hours after the occurrence of the earthquake. In order to disseminate knowledge to mitigate tsunami damage in Asian countries, MRI dispatched a researcher to lecture on tsunami at the Regional Training Seminar for National Instructors which was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 16 to 27 May, 2005 under the auspices of WMO. A researcher of PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology) stayed at MRI from January 10 to February 24, Basic techniques of JMA were transferred to PHIVOLCS to forecast arrival times and heights of tsunamis. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 161 CCOP Technical Secretariat

155 Figure 25. ACROSS at Mori-machi, and an illustration of a laser system for long distance measurement to be installed in Funagira tunnel Figure 26. Pressure sources at Asama volcano inferred from GPS observation in Activity Report of Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) The Asian Disaster Reduction Center was established in July 1998, with a mandate to facilitate multinational cooperation for disaster reduction in the Asian region. Along with 25 member countries, ADRC pursues activities leading to further prosperity and safe, peaceful, and comfortable lives in Asia. ADRC also addresses issues of concern related to disaster reduction from a global perspective, in cooperation with international organizations and initiatives, such as the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction UN/ISDR, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN/OCHA), UNESCO, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific,UN/ESCAP, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WHO/WPRO). The Asian Disaster Reduction Center consists of 25 member countries in the Asian region, 5 advisory countries and one observer organization. Member Countries (25): Armenia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz, Lao People s Republic, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan and Viet Nam Advisory Countries (5): Australia, France, New Zealand, Switzerland and United States of America Observer (1): Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 162 CCOP Technical Secretariat

156 ADRC activities are as follows. Information Sharing Learning from Disasters, Benefiting from Information Provision of Disaster Information Promotion of GLobal unique disaster IDEntifier (GLIDE) number Organizing International Meetings Human Resource Development: Disaster Reduction begins with Capacity Building Organizing Seminars, Workshops & Training on Disaster Reduction Program for Inviting Visiting Researchers from Member Countries Enhancement of Community Capabilities: Community Involvement is a Key for Effective Disaster Reduction Development and Dissemination of Tools for Encouraging Community Involvement Assistance for the Activities of Asian Disaster Reduction and Response Network (ADRRN) Activity Report of Public Works Research Institute (PWRI) PWRI carries out multidisciplinary research and development for enhancing civil engineering technologies and providing quality infrastructure. Specific research fields of PWRI include, among others, geo-technical engineering, earthquake disaster prevention, and risk management. Some research activities in 2005 are outlined below: Study on Method of Dangerous Slopes Evaluation Based on High Accuracy Spatial Information The purpose of this study is to establish the method for macroscopically evaluating the hazard level of debris flow and slope failure using high accuracy spatial information. To realise this, first the factors that cause collapse and debris flows are clarified, and based on their importance, the factors required for hazard level evaluation are identified. Finally the method for evaluating the hazard level of slopes using high accuracy spatial information is to be proposed. In 2005, the hazard level of specific slopes was evaluated using a numerical model. The topographic data measured by laser profiler, the distribution of surface weathered layer, and the parameter of soil strength were identified as the major factors affecting slope failure, and their effects were evaluated. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 163 CCOP Technical Secretariat

157 Figure 27. Schematic figure of Dangerous Slopes Evaluation Based on High Accuracy Spatial Information Study on the Monitoring of Landslide Using the Load Cell Attached to Ground Anchor and The Optical Fiber Network An FEM model was used to evaluate the changes in anchors tension associated with a landslide, revealing that behavior of the anchor tension depends on the shape of slip surface, and landslide can be evaluated by monitoring the anchor tension. This can be utilized in designing a landslide remote monitoring system. Research on Change in Strength Characteristics of Sliding Soil Mass with Earthquake The mechanism of landslide induced by the Chuetsu Earthquake was clarified, based on detailed geomorphological and geological investigations, and co-seismic shearing strength characteristics of the landslide mass. Research on Developing Techniques for Mitigating Damage by Debris Flow and Slope Collapse Hazard level evaluation, design and arrangement of slope stabilization works, and slope condition monitoring methods were studied. The achievements were as follows: Method of predicting hazard area and preparing comprehensive hazard map; Optimum design and arrangement of slope stabilization work using numerical analyses; and Utilization of GIS and IT for slope monitoring and risk management of slope adjacent to roads. Development of Risk Management Technique Using Road Slope Hazard Map The purpose of this research is to develop a rational road slope management technique using a road slope hazard map. The map expresses required information for road disaster prevention such as slope stability based on topographical and geological information, past disaster information, and countermeasures, etc. In 2005, case studies of hazard mapping were carried out in four areas, and Hazard mapping manual for road slope disaster was developed. Additionally, to prioritize sections requiring countermeasures, a slope disaster database of national road was developed. The database with information on about 1300 disasters that occurred from 1990 to 2004 helps understanding distribution of disasters by region and route. The use of GIS analysis, together with the database, clarifies relationships between topographical, geological properties and disasters. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 164 CCOP Technical Secretariat

158 Figure 28. Slope Disaster Database of National Road With respect to international activities, PWRI hosts the International Centre for Water Hazard and Risk Management (ICHARM), established in March 2006 under the auspices of UNESCO. ICHARM is the first global centre focused on water related hazards and their risk management and is going to promote research, capacity building and information networking activities in a combined manner to prevent/mitigate water related disasters in the world (see Figure 29). The objective of ICHARM is To be the global Centre of Excellence to provide and assist implementation of the best practicable strategy with localities, nations, regions and the globe to manage the risk of water related disasters including floods, droughts, landslides, debris flows, storm surge, tsunami and water contamination. Even before its establishment, ICHARM started conducting a JICA regional training course on flood hazard mapping. The course objective is to provide knowledge necessary for producing and disseminating flood hazard maps with river management professionals in east and the south-east Asia. In 2005, sixteen trainees from Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Philippines, Lao DPR, China and participated in the training. ICHARM will maintain the relationships with the participants as well as between the participants including the institutes they are from, and continue to exchange information. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 165 CCOP Technical Secretariat

159 Figure 29. Structure of ICHARM Activities Activity Report of National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) Activities in Japan NIED is conducting research and development for mitigating disasters caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, rainfalls and winds, landslides, and snowfalls. They operate seismic networks consisting of 1,800 station nationwide with several types of seismometers. The data are used for modeling crustal activity and for prediction. They are using the 3-D full-scale earthquake testing facility named E-Defence to investigate the failure processes of various buildings and structures and to test new technologies for earthquake-resistant design. To reduce the damage caused by volcanoes, they are developing technologies to predict volcanic eruptions using seismic and crustal deformation observations. The project includes remote-sensing to detect volcanic activity and simulation of lava flows and other volcanic phenomena. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 166 CCOP Technical Secretariat

160 Figure 30. Seismic Network of NIED Figure 31. Probabilistic Ground Shaking Map They also have Multiple Parameter radar in order to develop a system for forecasting local heavy rain and strong winds and a method to predict urban flooding and landslides up to one hour in advance of their occurence. Figure D full-scale earthquake testing facility (E-Defence) Figure 33. Multi-Parameter Radar and its performance They carry out observational, experimental, and model studies of snowfall, snow cover, and snow-triggered disasters to improve the snow disaster forecasting system and to develop snow hazard maps. In 2006 they newly organised an outreach section to compile research results and publicize them to the community. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 167 CCOP Technical Secretariat

161 International cooperation in Asia NIED carried out installation and operation of a broadband seismic network and research collaboration with Indonesia and SW Pacific countries (Fiji, Tonga, Niue, Australia) for improving Earthquake and Tsunami monitoring systems and studying earthquake generation mechanisms. They collaborated with Indonesia, Germany, China, and France to establish the Tsunami Early Warning System of Indonesia in They also cooperated with Korea and Taiwan for exchanging real seismic waveform data, the IRIS Global Seismic Network Program of USA in the Pacific region, and JICA projects for installation of seismic networks in developing countries. Figure 34. Broadband seismic network in Indonesia NIED is establishing the information infrastructure for intellectual resources for disaster prevention by compiling appropriate technologies to meet local characteristics and needs in Asian countries. It is an extension of "Disaster Reduction Technologies List on Implementation Strategies" proposed by the Japanese government at the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction in January They developed a prototype Web database to compile contents in collaboration with oversea experts and to support promising projects International cooperation outside Asia NIED conducted Japan-US research cooperation for designing earthquake resistant buildings in 2005 using the 3-D full-scale earthquake testing facility (E-Defence). Figure 35. International Symposium on 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami (Dec.16-17, 2005) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 168 CCOP Technical Secretariat

162 They are conducting international research cooperation with Ecuador for studying eruption processes of Ecuador volcanoes. NIED also accepted three months JICA group training course of Natural Disaster Mitigation every other years. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 6.1. Summary The Japanese Government utilises nuclear energy and the following institutions carry out research for disposal of high-level radio-active waste: Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Radioactive Waste Management Funding and Research Center and Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization. Soil contamination is another important challenge in the environmental programme in Japan. The Geological Survey of Japan, AIST started a geochemical mapping programme for toxic metals in some areas in Japan. A map for the Sendai region was published in May Also a geo-informatics research project has started to compile data for risk management. The National Institute for Environmental Studies has a project to observe and understand ecosystem functions of river basins in the Asia-Pacific region. In addition it started the Asian Environment programme for sustainable development of Asia. Kanazawa University initiated a new programme ERDAC in 2006 in the Angkor Monument Complex of Cambodia. The University also carried out offshore sampling at Phuket and Panga Provinces in Thailand Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Nuclear waste disposal Methods of disposing of high-level radioactive waste have been studied by international organisations of IAEA and OECD/NEA as well as by many countries around the world. There is an international consensus that, of all methods, geological disposal is the most scientifically and practically feasible with the least problems. The basic policy of the Japanese Government on the disposal of high-level radioactive waste is to solidify it in a stable form (vitrified waste), followed by storage for cooling for years and disposal in geological formations at more than 300 meters underground. The Specified Radioactive Waste Final Disposal Act was enacted in June 2000 to ensure systematic and reliable disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The selection of a disposal site is made through a three-stage process: 1) selection of preliminary investigation areas, 2) selection of detailed investigation areas and 3) selection of a site for construction of final disposal facilities. At each stage, the items of investigation and assessment are clearly stipulated by the Act. Research and development on high-level radioactive waste disposal has been carried out in several research institutes in the public and private sectors. GSJ/AIST, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), which was established by the integration of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and the Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 169 CCOP Technical Secretariat

163 (JNC), Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Radioactive Waste Management Funding and Research Center (RWMC) and Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES) are all engaged in research and development aiming at improving the reliability of geological disposal technology and developing advanced methods of safety assessment. JAEA is constructing two underground laboratories, one at a granitic rock site and the other at a sedimentary rock site. On the other hand, the Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan (NUMO) is developing technology for reducing costs and improving efficiency of the disposal operation. Research and development necessary for the disposal implementation technology is funded by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE), while that for safety regulation is funded by the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA). The institute for Geo-Resources and Environment (GREEN/GSJ/AIST) investigates groundwater behaviour along saltwater-fresh water interfaces, tectonic stress variation with depth and long-term stability of access tunnels. Results of these studies will be important for assessing and designing candidate sites. They are also developing a long-term monitoring system for the engineering barrier. The Research Center for Deep Geological Environments (RCDGE/GSJ/AIST) carries out research focusing on deep geological environments with respect to safety assessment for the geological disposal of radioactive wastes with funding by NISA. Since the Japanese Islands are located along plate margins, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions often occur. Areas with high possibilities of volcanic activities and fault movements should be excluded from the emplacement of the waste. It is also necessary to evaluate the long-term effect by these phenomena on the various geological environments. Groundwater flows slowly through the mineral interstices and rock fractures in the deep underground where the disposal is envisaged. For the safety assessment of geological disposal, these groundwater properties and movements with related chemical processes must be clarified. A long-term assessment of fluctuating geological phenomena such as the volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, and the evaluation of the isolating performance of natural barriers for the radionuclides are being carried out as research for the safety assessment of geological disposal. The geological environments in Japan must be given much more attention than in the other nations with nuclear power plants because the geological disposal sites of the radioactive wastes could suffer from active tectonic movements. RCDGE/GSJ/AIST also carries out research on the long-term evaluation of the geological disposal s natural barrier system at designated sites for the geological stability performance assessment Soil contamination The Ministry of Environment enacted the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law to protect the soil from contamination on 29 May The law places the owners of industrial land where toxic substances have been used under an obligation to survey their lands when they quit their business. The law requires the polluters to clean up the polluted soil when soil contamination is recognized. The law also urges the Japanese Government to make a national fund programme for the remediation of contaminated land when the cause of pollution is not clear and local governments cannot identify the party responsible for the contamination and its remediation. GSJ/AIST, besides many private geological consulting companies, mining, and civil engineering companies, have been involved in these problems and conducted research and development. In the years after the Soil Contamination Countermeasures Law was enacted, a lot of contaminated land, more than several hundreds sites of soil Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 170 CCOP Technical Secretariat

164 contamination per year, were revealed in the whole of Japan. At most of them geological survey and corrective action is necessary. Therefore, we have concentrated on the more practical and urgent countermeasures, especially for industrial environmental management. To ensure the smooth implementation of surveys and countermeasures, it is very important to clarify the natural levels of toxic heavy metals of soils in urbanized areas. GSJ/AIST started a geochemical mapping project for toxic heavy metals at some areas in Japan. The XRF chemical analysis and metal leaching test based on the Environmental Quality Standards and US EPA method 3050B were carried out on 300 soil samples. Based on the 1:50000 Geological Sheet Map of Anesaki published in 1984, a geochemical map Regional geochemistry of soil and sediment of Anesaki was published in March The second map of Sendai has been published in May of Geo-informatics research project has started to compile many data and GIS maps which are needed for environmental risk assessment, land utilisation for industries, and intellectual foundation. GSJ/AIST intends these maps to be used as reference data for local governments in collecting and compiling information about toxic elements. The maps will also be available for landowners, local administration staff, insurance companies, financial communities, real estate industries and geological consultants. An interdisciplinary programme among five research units in AIST was conducted from 2002 to develop site assessment models and remediation technologies for soil contamination. The results for the research for industrial environmental management were also colmpiled. In this programme, the soils and stream sediments in urbanized areas, Higashioshima and Komatsugawa in Tokyo. were collected and analysed to assess the environmental pollution in this area. The toxic heavy metals in soils showed the background levels, however, some of the stream sediments indicated obvious pollution. These results indicating the natural background level in this area, give us a base line in assessing the pollution. Construction of an advanced risk management system, including generic and sitespecific assessment systems for soil and groundwater contamination, is being conducted by GREEN/AIST. They have already developed a generic-type assessment system to evaluate the exposure and risk in the general environments of soil and groundwater. They have also developed a site-specific assessment system, which is available for site assessment of contaminated land. Such computer software has been distributed to more than three hundred companies and institutions. More detailed computer models with three-dimensional fields, by which we can evaluate the cost-effectiveness of remediation measures, have been developed based on the advanced geo-grid modeling technology. A joint research programme on Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA) of groundwater contamination between GREEN and the National Institute of Environmental Studies and Yamagata Prefecture has been conducted to clarify the necessities of MNA. This has studied the assessment methodology of natural attenuation of VOCs in groundwater, especially the characteristics of microbiology activation and the rate of biological degradation of hazardous chemicals, by sampling contaminated groundwater and testing it in laboratory. Study of the methodologies of bio-remediation actions for VOCs contamination in groundwater is being continued. Some advanced technologies using microbiology have been introduced to develop environmentally friendly and low cost remediation techniques for soil and groundwater contamination. These assessment models and new technologies of remediation will be applied for risk management of industrial lands and for common usage. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 171 CCOP Technical Secretariat

165 Watershed environments and management research The Watershed Environments and Management Research Project (one of the special priority research projects of National Institute for Environmental Studies, NIES) focuses on water circulation in East Asia, working to scientifically observe and understand the ecosystem functions of river basins in connection with the rapid environmental changes in the Asia-Pacific Region. As a part of the research project, members of a NIES research group have applied an integrated catchment hydrologic model to estimate the flood protection effect of China s Three Gorges Project (TGP). The TGP is expected to control flooding not only in the area along the main stream of the Changjiang River but also in the area surrounding Dongting Lake, which connects directly with the Changjiang River. We have no doubt that the TGP will exert a flood protection effect in the mainstream section receiving the direct contribution of discharge control from the dam site. However, it is difficult to understand the mitigation effect on Dongting Lake from the viewpoint of the TGP flood control capacity without considering the water balance in the lake and outflow as a result of hydraulic interaction with the Changjiang River. Using the case of the severe 1998 flood, the second-largest of the last century, we first used the integrated hydrologic model to simulate the 1998 runoff process at daily time intervals for the middle region of the Changjiang basin. Then, using the discharge calculated by assuming flood-control operation in the TGP reservoir as the input data for the upstream side of the Changjiang main stream in the model, we examined what the flood-control effect of the TGP would have been in the area around Dongting Lake during the 1998 event. Application of the integrated catchment hydrologic model To simulate the daily runoff process in the study area, an integrated catchment hydrologic model consisting of a HSPF developed by US-EPA and two sub-models, the Paddy Runoff Model (PRM) and the Lake Discharge Model (LDM), both developed by NIES, were used. In terms of the flood control operation of the TGP, only if the reservoir inflow surpasses the safety discharge in the downstream reaches will the reservoir be used to retain flood water. However, the reservoir water level will still be lowered to 145 m after the flood peak has passed through. On the basis of these provisos, by applying the water balance equation to the Three Gorges section with a fixed upper limit value to cut the reservoir inflow peak, the data for the TGP daily discharge conditions during the flood period of 1998 was input to the model. Four fixed values, 40000, 45000, 50000, and m 3 /s of discharged outflow were set as the upper boundary condition, to show the protective effect of the TGP against flooding in the Dongting Lake area during the flood period. Calculated results present the simulated fluctuation of the daily average water level in the lake with each of the controlled discharges as the input condition for the upper reach of the lake. The water level (34.55 m) designed for flood protection at Chenglingji, located at the juncture with the Changjiang main stream, was used as the criterion to evaluate the flood protection effect. When m 3 /s and more was used as the upper limit to control the discharge rate, the number of days on which this water level was exceeded in the simulation was higher than 34. On the other hand, when m 3 /s was used as the upper limit value, the water level was exceeded on 8 days and the excess was only 0.15 m. In the event of a 1998-type flood, the above results suggest that, to obtain a marked flood protection effect of the TGP in the area around Dongting Lake, the daily average rate of discharge from the TGP during the flood period should be maintained at around m 3 /s. Details of the results were described in a NIES annual report. ( Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 172 CCOP Technical Secretariat

166 China Changjiang catchment Three Gorges Dam section Hydrologic stations 1. Yichang 2. Luoshan 3. Changyang Xiangtan Taoyuan Wujiang 6. Chenglingji 7. Lujiao 8. Yingtian 9. Wanzihu 10. Cuntan (Chongqing) 11. Wulong Wuxia Qutang Gorges Gorges Xiling Gorge 1 Baidicheng Sandouping 3 Changjiang Qingjiang Yichang River Lishui Jianli 2 6 Luoshan Yuangjiang 8 Dongting Lake Zishui 4 Xaingjiang Jingjiang section Figure 36. Location of the study area in the Changjiang River basin, Three Gorges Dam section, and the hydrologic stations used in this study for input of the model data and validation of the model s performance. In April, 2006, NIES started the second 5-year Mid-term Research Plan which included 4 special priority research programmes. An aim of the Asian Environment programme, one of the 4 programs, is a conservation of sound ecosystem with clean water and atmosphere for sustainable development in Asian regions; it includes Asia s atmospheric environment, wide area trans-boundary air pollution, sustainable management of the water environment in continental, coastal and oceanic areas and the preservation of ecosystems in watershed areas such as large rivers. This research programme forms the scientific infrastructure of contributing to policy recommendations for promoting Asian environmental management and building societies in harmony with nature through international cooperation. The programme comprises the following three core projects. Core Project 1: Development of the methods for evaluating the atmospheric environment in Asia. Scientific knowledge on the East Asian atmospheric environment that can be collected through international joint research and environmental management tools will be established. By combining observation and modeling, methods to evaluate the atmospheric environment are being developed. Core Project 2: Development of systems for evaluating the regional water and material cycles in East Asia The tools necessary for sustainable water environment management are developed by gathering scientific knowledge and information through strategic international collaborative research on East Asian water environments, specifically focusing on the Changjiang and Yellow river basins. A system for evaluating the regional water and material cycles is developed by integrating the observation and scientific models. Core Project 3: Development of the methods for evaluating watershed environmental impacts Methods are developed for the environmental impact assessment of Asian watershed ecosystems in Southeast Asia and Japan. A network of international programmes involved with the Mekong river watershed area has been formed. Scientific knowledge is collected to Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 173 CCOP Technical Secretariat

167 support the sustainable development of watersheds through international joint research. Clarifying the current state of freshwater fish species in the Mekong River and understanding the environmental dynamics of watershed, the impacts of dams and other facilities on the ecosystem are evaluated Kanazawa University The university has lead two research programmes, the EMSB Programme (Evaluation of Mechanisms Sustaining the Biodiversity in Lake Tonle Sap, Cambodia: supported by JSPS ) and the EMSB-u32 Programme (supported by UNESCO MAB-IHP Joint Programme: Ecological and Hydrological Research and Training for Young Scientists in Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve, Cambodia: ), both operated in cooperation with Department of Geology, General Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (GDMR), Department of Hydrology and River Works, Ministry of Meteorology and Water Resources (DHRW), and Authority for Protection and Management of Angkor and the Region of Siem Reap (APSARA Authority), Kingdom of Cambodia. The programmes have carried out eight field missions aiming to describe and record the great freshwater invertebrate and vertebrate biodiversity of Lake Tonle Sap, related subjects such as hydrology and meteorology in and around the lake, sedimentology of the lake and the Tonle Sap and Mekong Rivers and plant ecology around the lake as the important background to sustaining the biodiversity of the lake. The programmes held an international symposium "Evaluation of Mechanisms Sustaining the Biodiversity in Lake Tonle Sap, Cambodia" in December 2005 in Phnom Penh to present and publish the preliminary results on the course of the programmes. A new research programme ERDAC (Environment Research Development in Angkor area, Cambodia) which aims firstly to evaluate the present various environmental pollution and destruction factors in the atmosphere, forests, ground- and surface-water, and in aqueous organisms in the area of the Angkor Monument Complex, and secondly to realise a pollutionfree sustainable environment of the area. The programme was started in 2006 in cooperation with GDMR, DHRW and APSARA Authority under the leadership of Kanazawa University. Specialists and graduate students from nine Japanese universities have been participating in the programme. The programme will be completed in Further, lectures, seminars and practical works on geoscience to the students and staff of the Faculty of Archaeology, the Royal University of Fine Arts (RUFA), and National Institute of Education, Ministry of Education (NIE) in Phnom Penh have been provided continuously by Kanazawa University to support the educational programmes on geoscience in Cambodia. Kanazawa University backed-up the shallow seismic survey operated jointly by GDMR, GSJ/AIST and CCOP in the Mekong, Bassac and Tonle Sap Rivers in Cambodia in April In addition to the activities in Cambodia, Kanazawa University has also carried out offshore sediment sampling off Phuket and Phang Nga Provinces of Thailand under the cooperation with DMR, Mahidol and Chulalongkorn Universities of Thailand, and the University of Tokyo and Tohoku University of Japan. The aim was to investigate changes of submarine topography and sediment composition before and after the Indian Ocean tsunami in December Alsolake sediment sampling in South Thailand with Prince of Songkhla University was carried out to determine temporal change of the atmospheric pollution produced by rubber factories during the last 100 years. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 174 CCOP Technical Secretariat

168 GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEODATA AND INFORMATION PROGRAMME 7.1. Summary National geo-spatial information is prepared and maintained by the Geographical Survey Institute (GSI), and national geological information is prepared and maintained by the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST. GSI publishes topographic maps and geographical thematic maps. As for international activity, GSI conducts the Global Map Project. For the Northern Pakistan Earthquake of 8 October 2005, GSI carried out crustal deformation analysis using satellite data. In 2006, GSI launched a new project: Asia-Pacific Crustal Deformation Monitoring. GSI is also expecting international cooperation using ALOS data. In 2005 GSJ/AIST published 22 geological maps. AIST research information (RIO- DB) is available through the Internet. Other than RIO-DB, the ASTER Image Database for Volcanoes was also developed. The third workshop of the CCOP metadata working group was conducted on November in Bangkok, Thailand. Geo-information exchange was promoted under several international cooperation schemes. The Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) has conducted various collaborative activities with Asian countries. Among them, the activities of IFREE is explained below.. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducts many International Cooperation Projects and a list of projects is provided below. The main activities of the Japan Geotecnical Consultant Association (JGGA) in 2005 are to computerise the data of geotechnical investigations as common property and to standardize the symbols for engineering geological maps Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Geographical Survey Institute (GSI) Geodetic Work GSI principally executes fundamental geodetic surveys in Japan. The Japanese national geodetic network consists of 4 VLBI stations, about 1,200 permanent GPS stations (GEONET: GPS Earth Observation NETwork system), about 100,000 triangulation points, and 20,000 km of precise leveling routes. GSI started the Precise Geodetic Network Surveying Project in 2004 to maintain the geodetic framework based on the Japanese Geodetic Datum For the project, GSI conducts continuous observation of GEONET and periodic surveys of 2,400 triangulation points evenly distributed over the country. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 175 CCOP Technical Secretariat

169 Figure 37. Permanent GPS station (left) and VLBI station (right) The analysed data of GEONET are also used for routine monitoring of precise crustal movements in Japan. For leveling, about 2,000 km of the precise leveling routes are surveyed every year with an additional 2,000 km of survey in specific areas designated by the National Earthquake Prediction Programme. For VLBI (an abbreviation of the Very Long Baseline Interferometry), 48 international, 12 domestic and 78 UT1 observations were carried out in 2005 for the maintenance of an international/domestic reference frame and Earth rotation monitoring. GSI also executes geophysical surveys on land such as gravity and geomagnetic surveys. GSI has provided the precise geoid model throughout Japan with an accuracy of 10cm. Almost all the areas in Japan have been covered except some parts of peninsulas and islands. As a new technique to obtain high-resolution surface displacement, GSI conducts synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry with data of JERS-1 (Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1), ENVISAT and RADARSAT SAR and currently is preparing for data analysis of the new L-band SAR satellite ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite) which was launched on January 24, Moreover, GSI has been serving as the secretariat of the CCEP (Coordinating Committee for Earthquake Prediction) since its establishment in Thirty members from agencies and universities are exchanging information on crustal activity observations and research for earthquake prediction. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 176 CCOP Technical Secretariat

170 Map-making and Geo-spatial Data Building Topographic Maps In Map-making, GSI took aerial photographs at scales from 1/20,000 to 1/40,000 covering a total area of in Japan. Using these photos and other material, GSI revised various topographic map series. Above all, 1/25,000 scale topographic maps are updated constantly all over Japan as a responsibility of GSI, because they are the national basic maps. The situation of the revision for other topographic maps is shown in Table 5. To improve the geo-spatial framework data for GIS, GSI provides two kinds of datasets as shown in Table 6. Mention should be made of the activities immediately after the Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake (Mid-Niigata prefecture earthquake) in Here GSI took aerial photographs and revised the basic data of the 1/25,000 and 1/50,000 scale maps. GSI also provided orthophoto maps of the stricken area. Since 2003, using airborne laser scanner surveying (LiDAR), GSI also started publication of a very detailed and highly precise DEM (digital elevation model) whose grid interval was 5-meter. In 2006, GSI published Digital Map DEM for Kyoto, Osaka and Fukuoka areas. Table 5. Topographic Map revised by GSI (July 2005 June 2006) (except 1:25,000 scale map) Type of Map Scale Number of sheets Large scale topographic map Middle scale topographic map Small scale topographic map Digital Map 2500 (Spatial Data Framework) 1:10,000 1:50,000 1:200,000 1:500,000 or less Table 6. Digital Basic Map by GSI (July 2005 June 2006) Title Format Covering area Original source Revised area Vector About 100,000 km 2 of Digitized from 15,700 km 2 built-up area of major urban planning cities map Digital Map (Spatial Data Framework) Geographical Thematic Maps Vector All over Japan 1:25,000 topographic maps ,600 km 2 GSI is engaged in various kinds of thematic mapping in cooperation with other governmental organizations for the purpose of providing basic geographic information for regional development, disaster prevention and other specific purposes. Table 7 shows some typical thematic maps prepared and published by GSI during July June In 1999, GSI started to digitize several thematic map series in order to display and analyze with other information on GIS. GSI now produces digital thematic maps by both digital mapping method and digitization from existing maps. Table 8 shows some typical digital thematic maps prepared and published by GSI during July June Digitization of the land condition maps and active fault maps in urban area is presently being carried out, and other thematic maps are planned to be digitized in due course. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 177 CCOP Technical Secretariat

171 Table 7. Thematic Mapping by GSI (July 2005 June 2006) Type of Map Scale Number of sheets Basic volcano map Land condition map Land condition map of volcanos Lake chart Active fault map in urban areas 1:10,000 1:25,000 1:25,000 1:10,000 1:25, Table 8. Digital Thematic Mapping by GSI (July 2005 June 2006) Title Format Item or Explanation Original Source Number of sheets Digital Map 5000 (Land use) Digital Map (Land condition) Vector (JPGIS, XML) Vector (JPGIS, XML) Land use for housing, covering the three main urban areas of Japan Land condition of East and West Japan City Planning Map, Aerial Colour Photograph, etc. 1:25000 Land Condition Map International Activities Global Mapping Project The Global Mapping project is an international collaborative initiative based on voluntary participation of national mapping organizations (NMOs) of the world, aiming to develop globally homogeneous geographic data sets at the ground resolution of 1km. GSI has been hosting the secretariat of the International Steering Committee for Global Mapping (ISCGM) since its establishment in The primary objective of the Global Mapping project is to contribute to sustainable development and the mitigation of natural disasters through provision of a basic framework geographic dataset. As of June 2006, 147 countries and 15 regions that correspond to 91% of the land area of the Earth are participating in the project. Among them, data of 22 countries have been completed and are downloadable through the Internet from the ISCGM website at GSI has been supporting ISCGM activities not only by developing Global Map Data of Japan, but also by assisting NMOs in Asia and the Pacific region through the JICA group training course program mentioned below. Moreover, GSI sometimes helps other NMOs for developing Global Map Data considering the economic or technical conditions in the corresponding country. In case of the occurrence of a large-scale disaster accompanied with an earthquake or volcanic activity, GSI also develops Global Map surrounding the damaged area and makes it publicly available on the website. Detection of Crustal Deformation of the Northern Pakistan Earthquake by Satellite Data A large-scale earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 occurred on October 8, 2005 in the northern part of Pakistan. GSI carried out various analyses to clarify in detail with the data from satellites the crustal deformation accompanying the earthquake. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 178 CCOP Technical Secretariat

172 GSI mapped the crustal deformation spatially with Synthetic Aperture Radar data from the European Space Agency s ENVISAT, and found that the newly deformed area occupies a 90-kilometer-long northwest-southeast trending strip. The heavily damaged area north of Muzaffarabad has the maximum deformation up to 6-meter uplift as observed by the satellite. There are known active faults stretching to the northwest and southeast near the epicenter, which reveal some uplift (on the northeastern side) and dextral (right-lateral) strike-slip activity. The detected crustal deformation was along these active faults and all observations were consistent with previously known directions of past fault movements. Model calculations also showed that the faults slipped a maximum of about nine meters. In addition, analysis using other high-resolution images from IKONOS and SPOT-5 satellites showed that slope failures occurred along the active faults and were concentrated on their northeastern side. Training There are two group training courses, conducted by GSI and funded by JICA, to support developing countries or regions They are designed to teach survey administration management and to transfer technologies of remote sensing and GIS relating to Global Mapping. During the past one-year, two courses have catered for a total of 15 trainees, with 6 out of the 15 trainees being from Asia Activity Report of the Geological Survey of Japan, AIST Summary At the Geological Survey, the Geoinformation Center ( is responsible for disseminating geological information to the public through various means Publication In 2005, GSJ published twenty two geological maps. The coverage over the land is now approximately 76% at the scale of 1:50,000 and 1:75,000, and about 86% at a scale of 1:200,000. Print-on-demand and library copy services of geological maps are being continued. New digital geoscientific CD-ROMs produced in 2005/ Digital Geological Maps of Japan 1:200,000, Hokuriku, Chubu and Kinki, Digital Geological Maps of Japan 1:200,000, Eastern and Central parts of Chugoku and Shikoku, Digital Geological Maps of Japan 1:200,000, Western part of Chugoku, Kyushu and Nansei Shoto, Fuel Resource Geology Map "Off Sanriku", Distribution Map and Catalogue of Hot and Mineral Springs in Japan (Second Edition), Water Environment Map, No.2 Akita Plain, Water Environment Map, No.3 Kanto Plain, 2005 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 179 CCOP Technical Secretariat

173 - Water Environment Map, No.4 Nobi Plain, Aeromagnetic Database of Japan, Interactive Geological Hazard Map of East and Southeast Asia Version 2, Surface Geology of Sapporo and its Surroundings, Hokkaido, Scale 1:30,000, Geological database for Iwate Volcano, Geological database for Miyakejima Volcano, Geochemistry of rocks, sediments and soil of Sendai area (1:50,000), Databases RIO-DB Database The AIST research information databases (RIO-DB) are available through the Internet at: The construction of geoscientific databases was accelerated this year by AIST because of their increased utitility to the public. The followings are the major databases provided by the GSJ, some are available only in Japanese. Geological Map Database of Japan (registered 16,417 maps and about 320,000 hits in 2005) only in Japanese Geological Literature Search System (GEOLIS) (registered 281,585 items of literature and about 932,000 hits in 2005) and World Geological Map Search System (G-MAPI) is now merged to GEOLIS. Geochemical map of Japan Petrophysical Data Base of Basement Rocks Geophysical Exploration Activity Database (EXACTS) Seamless Digital Geological Map of Japan (1:200,000) Seamless geological maps at the scale of 200,000 was completed Groundwater, Strain and Seismograph Presentation System (Well Web) Geochemical Reference samples DataBase Geological Metadata Clearinghouse Active faults database in Japan was opened and achieved remarkable access of over 300,000 in a month. (only in Japanese) Database of Japanese Active Volcanoes (only in Japanese) Other Databases - ASTER Image Database for Volcanoes The global volcano monitoring has started using the ASTER since Over 900 volcanoes are monitored periodically according to the level of their volcanic activity. We accumulated volcano images acquired by ASTER periodically in the Image Database for Volcanoes and Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 180 CCOP Technical Secretariat

174 displayed them as time series data to monitor the volcanic activity and mitigate volcanic disaster. We opened two databases, Official Version and Prototype Version, on the following web site: For volcanoes in Official Version, all the ASTER images corresponding the volcano are stored in the database and new images will be added every month. At present, thirteen Japanese volcanoes selected as Rank A by the Coordinating Committee for Prediction of Volcanic Eruptions, five Philippine volcanoes (Pinatubo, Taal, Mayon, Canlaon, Hibok- Hibok) and thirteen Indonesian volcanoes (Awu, Soputan, Makian, Marapi, Krakatau, Papandayan, Galunggung, Slamet, Merapi, Kelut, Semeru, Agung, Tambora) are registered in the Official Version. The total number of volcano registered in the two databases is 479 and total number of ASTER scenes registered in the two databases is about 30, Metadata and Standards GIS Action Program and the CCOP metadata The Japanese Government programme for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) was released by the Liaison Committee among Ministries and Agencies on the GIS since The purpose is to provide people for better life through IT services using GIS. The action program includes important plans proposed by GSJ, AIST, such as the promotion of international cooperation on constructing the CCOP metadata as a part of Geoinformation Network for East and Southeast Asia. The government GIS Clearinghouse (metadata) has been available through the gateway: in Japanese language using Japan Metadata Profile (JMP) 2.0, which is based on ISO GSJ has continued to register all the metadata for geological and geoscientific maps through the GIS Clearinghouse in Japanese and through the CCOP (metadata) in English. CCOP metadata has already been opened, through CCOP web site in Bangkok and RIO-DB of AIST, for 2,277 metadata. Geological standards Based on the geological standard describing geological maps, called JIS A0204, Geological map-codes for representing symbols, colours, patterns, and geological units were disclosed and are under the review process for TS (Technical Source).The TR(Technical Report) A0018 (Quality requirements for geological vector maps) in Japanese is also under the review process Collaboration with CCOP The third workshop of the CCOP metadata working group was conducted on November in Bangkok, Thailand. During the workshop, the strategy of developing the CCOP metadata clearinghouse was discussed. CCOP metadata were updated, and it was agreed to prepare the thumbnail images of the registered metadata Collaboration with other institutions In order to introduce the private finance initiative with geotechnical companies, we have just constructed a new scheme of collaboration among industry, university, and government sectors, which is called "Geoinformation Consortium of Japan" comprising voluntary groups of over 31 companies, 2 local governments, and 2 research institutions of geoscience together with the Geological Survey. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 181 CCOP Technical Secretariat

175 The activity of the consortium will support social outcomes in japan and commences this year. This is quite a new initiative but is still not enough to compensate for our decreasing budget. Figure 38. Initial Search Window of the Geological Clearinghouse of CCOP metadata Annual Review of Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) has conducted various collaborative activities among Asian countries in various fields of Earth Science. Here we report on specific activities of the Institute for Research on Earth Evolution (IFREE) of JAMSTEC. IFREE is one of four research centres of JAMSTEC and has focused on solid Earth Science. IFREE has maintained a geophysical observation network in the western Pacific region, which was installed by the Ocean Hemisphere Network Project during the late 1990s. There are now 10 broadband seismograph stations and 7 geomagnetic stations operated by this group. Most of the broadband seismograph stations are equipped with three component STS-1 broadband seismometers. Geomagnetic stations are equipped with both fluxgate and proton magnetometers and observed data are sent to the IFREE data centre by postal mail. The data recording system at each broadband seismograph station has been upgraded to Quanterra Q330 data logger after the stations were transferred to IFREE. We use Antelope software to retrieve broadband seismograms recorded at each station in realtime at the IFREE data centre of this programme. Figure 39 shows station distribution of the broadband seismograph network in Western Pacific region. Figure 40 illustrates an example of broadband seismograms recorded at Parapat (PSI) broadband seismograph station in Sumatra Island, Indonesia, for Mw 9.1 December 26, 2004, great Sumatra Island earthquake. The epicentral distance to the PSI from the epicentre of 2004 Sumatra earthquake is about 300 km. Although the observed seismograms are clipped at the largest amplitude surface wave Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 182 CCOP Technical Secretariat

176 arrival, the first arrival body wave phases are recorded without saturation. We are exchanging broadband seismograpms recorded by our network with other countires. Figure 41 indicates the broadband stations we are exchanging in real-time. These realtime data are used to locate earthquakes in the region. The data obtained through this network are archived in this group and opened to researchers after quality control. The data request from researchers are received on the web server of this group and processed by the data request management system developed by the group. This data management system is prepared for three types of geophysical data, namely broadband seismogrammes, electromagnetic field data and geodetic (GPS) data. This data management system uses Java-RMI protocol and can be extended to network data center system. Broadband seismogram data are categorized to event data and continuous data. Users can specify station, channel and time to send a request for data. Electromagnetic data are distributed in several data formats, such as conventional OHP format, WDC 1-min, INTERMAGNET IMF V1.22, INTERMAGNET CD-ROM (supported by only simple search), IAGA2000, and IAGA2002. As for GPS data, the data management system can use RINEX or Hatanaka formats to archive the data. However, only Hatanaka format is used for data distribution. The following information facilities also can be accessed from the web-browser: data availability or station changes in graphical representation, station log, station photograph, data quality check as an output of the TEQC tool, and the data header. Data can be selected on time basis, station name or station location. Users can quickly analyse the data availability and quality without previous downloading of the data. These geophysical data are distributed through our web site ( Figure 39. Broadband seismographic stations operated by IFREE. Red triangles indicate those stations data are not retrieved in realtime. Data from stations designated in yellow are received in realtime. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 183 CCOP Technical Secretariat

177 Figure 40. Broadband records of 2004 Sumatra earthquake observed at PSI.5 minutes data are shown. Figure 41. Seismograms that we exchange with other countries (shown in right). Those data are used to locate earthquake hypocentetre in this region (shown above) JICA Following is a table listing Projects in the Field of Soil/Water Pollution and Disaster Prevention (Projects Underway in FY2005) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 184 CCOP Technical Secretariat

178 Table 9. JICA projects in Asia in terms of the environment, disaster and resources Cambodia Cooperation Scheme Experts Project Name (Post title of Experts) Meteorological Services Cooperation Period March 2005 March 2007 Project Outline Enhance the function of the Department of Meteorology through training for staff at the Department and advise on the management of the Department. Through these measures, the project will contribute to reducing the impact on human lives from meteorological disasters, such as aircraft and ship accidents and floods. China Cooperatio n Scheme Technical cooperation project Technical cooperation project Training Technical cooperation project Developmen t Study Project Name The Sino-Japan Friendship Center for Environmental Protection Project Phase III Water Environment Restoration Pilot Project in Taihu Lake Training for Sewage Disposal Project under Yen Loan Scheme Japan-China Meteorological Disaster Cooperative Research Center (Phase 3) The Study for Prevention of Landslide Disaster at Xioajing River Basin in Yunnan Province Cooperation Period April 2002 March 2008 May 2001 March 2007 October 2005 November 2007 December 2005 June 2009 July 2003 March 2006 Project Outline The project will support the Center in playing a leading role in environmental protection in China. Policy support such as the promotion of a recycling-oriented economy and support for the preparation of policies based on environmental assessment by residents, support regarding large-scale air pollution issues (yellow sand, acid rain, etc.) and support for dioxin and POPs analysis, are particularly being focused on as new issues. Development and transfer of technology for treating household wastewater from diverse sources in the Lake Taihu basin. The project is intended to study the practical application of high-performance household wastewater treatment facilities and utilisation of eco-technology for purification. Intended to realize further adequate management and administration of sewage facilities by targeting administrators of sewage businesses operated with loan assistance. Intended to improve the quantity and quality of weather observation data from the Tibetan Plateau and eastern regions thereof, and to enhance the current weather forecast system through the development of numerical prediction models. Basic plan related to the prevention of landslide disasters as well as natural environment restoration in the Xioajing River basin, F/S of emergency projects, and technology transfer related to sabo. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 185 CCOP Technical Secretariat

179 Indonesia Cooperation Scheme Project Name (Post title of Experts) Cooperation Period Experts Environmental Policy June 2003 June 2006 (In preparation of dispatching Technical cooperation project Technical cooperation project Development Study Development Study Development Study Development Study Experts The Project for Strengthening Decentralized Environmental Management System in Indonesia Integrated Sediment- Related Disaster Management Project for Volcanic Areas The Study on Countermeasures for Sedimentation in Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam Reservoir The Study on Capacity Development for Jeneberang River Basin Management Urgent Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Support Program for West Coast Road in North Sumatra Urgent Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Plan for Banda Ache Water Resources Policy successors) July 2002 June 2006 April 2001 March 2006 January 2004 July 2007 April 2003 March 2007 March 2005 May 2005 March 2005 March 2006 June 2002 May 2007 Project Outline Advice on environmental policy in general, launch of Environmental Labeling System, educational activities on the environment, etc. Dispatch of experts on environmental management, environmental monitoring, etc. in order to support establishment of the environmental management system jointly implemented by the Environment Management Center and regional environmental bureaus. The project aims to enable rural communities in volcanic areas to plan and implement projects to reduce the danger of sediment disasters through cooperation between the government and residents. Making suggestions on measures to reduce sediments including a removal method for sediments in reservoirs that matches the conditions of the Wonogiri Dam and the conservation of the basin environment, and implement an operability survey on high priority projects selected. Implement supports for the establishment of PJT Jeneberang, capacity-building (business management, financial management, river basin management and fostering of human resources) of PJT Jeneberang, and the preparation of management and maintenance plans for facilities in the entire Jeneberang River basin. Gathering basic information in relation to the Reconstruction Support Program for West Coast Road in North Sumatra. Establishing basic plans for the reconstruction of Banda Ache, preparation of GIS and establishment of information systems for the basic reconstruction plan, and the implementation of the designing, quantity survey, business monitoring, etc. of quick impact projects. Intended to improve the legal framework, policymaking and implementation ability in relation to water resource policies. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 186 CCOP Technical Secretariat

180 Philippines Cooperation Scheme Technical cooperation project Technical cooperation project Technical cooperation project Technical cooperation project Technical cooperation project Experts Project Name (Post title of Experts) Capacity Development Project on Water Quality Management The Project for Enhancement of Capabilities in Flood Control and Sabo Engineering of the Department of Public Works and Highways The Project for Enhancement of Capabilities in Flood Control and Sabo Engineering of the Department of Public Works and Highways Strengthening the Flood Management Function of DPWH Improvement of Earthquake and Volcano Monitoring System River Administration Improvement Cooperation Period January 2006 January 2011 January 2000 June 2005 July 2005 June 2010 April 2004 April 2006 March 2004 March 2006 June 2004 June 2007 Project Outline In order to implement activities necessary for enforcing the Water Purification Law and enforcement regulations thereof, that took effect in 2004, and enhance the water quality management capacity of the Environment Management Bureau and regional offices. Enhancing capabilities in relation to the planning, designing, construction and maintenance of the facilities for flood control and sabo in order to be able to deal with flood damage. Enhancing the flood management function by implementing R&D, training, information management system and pilot projects, and by establishing internal support systems. Improving capabilities relating to the maintenance and operation of flood forecasting and warning systems. Data treatment programme and data analysis programme will be developed independently in order to deal with changes in the quality and quantity of observation data caused by introducing new equipment. Through the establishment of a longterm project planning system for flood control, technical guidance and advice on organisational/legal systems, planning systems, and river management technology necessary for a sustainable flood control strategy implemented by basin, the project will contribute to the implementation and promotion of adequate river management in the Philippines. Thailand Cooperation Scheme Technical cooperation project Project Name The Project for Improvement of Sewage Treatment Plant Management in Thailand Cooperation Period May 2004 November 2007 Project Outline Cooperate to establish effective methods for operation and maintenance of sewage treatment facilities in Thailand. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 187 CCOP Technical Secretariat

181 Cooperation Scheme Experts Technical cooperation project Project Name (Post title of Experts) Environmental Management Enhancing Capacity of ese Academy of Science and Technology in Water Environment Protection Cooperation Period September 2004 September 2007 November 2003 November 2006 Project Outline Dispatching of experts to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment as environmental policy advisors. Providing support for enhancing the function of the ese Academy of Science and Technology, a research and development institute under the direct control of the Prime Minister s Office Activity Report of the Japan Geotechnical Consultant Association (JGCA) The JGCA was organized in 1963 to improve investigation skills and expand the business of the geotechnical investigation sector which it represents in Japan. The main activities of JGCA in 2005 were to computerise the data of geotechnical investigation as common property, and to standardise the symbols used in engineering geological maps. Geotechnical investigation has been utilised in many construction projects. But, in the future, it is expeced to be applied to the field of disaster prevention and environmental solution. In these circumstances, it is important to develop the database of the results of geotechnical investigations, and to report the outcome of the investigations according to common standards. Computerising the data of the geotechnical investigation -- Development and spread of the integrated management system of electronic delivery in Web-GIS The JGCA developed an integrated management system in Web-GIS, adopting the Free Open Source Software (FOSS) in cooperation with Japan Society of Geo-Informatics (JSGI) and NPO Geological Information Utilization and Promotion Initiative (GUPI), which are related to the geotechnical investigation business. This SYSTEM has function enough to be used not only by the geotechnical consultant, but also as the data management system for the organisation that plans and orders the geotechnical investigation. This system also can be utilised in other Asian countries because of availability of free software. In the future, this will be effective to develop the database of geological information in each country. <FEATURE> Everyone can integrate the system without permission, and it is free to improve the function, because the system is developed with FOSS and free software. The system is open to the public on the internet. The manual for integrating the system is published by Ohmsha Co, Ltd. Electronic delivery is in progress in Japan. It is possible to develop the database of the geotechnical investigation report, using the CD-R which is submitted to the orderer for Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 188 CCOP Technical Secretariat

182 the electronic delivery. This system has a function to indicate the borehole point on the background map, and to show the geologic column by the link, because of applying Map Server to the Web-GIS engine. If they use this SYSTEM, the companies related to the geotechnical investigation, and the organs which receive the geotechnical investigation report as customers, can develop the electronic outcome perusal system and the database of the geological information at the same time only at the cost of purchase of the hardware, Figure 42. Function as all-purpose Web-GIS (Ground Disaster Map of Niigata Earthquake) Standardisation of the engineering geological map In Japan, the standards concerning CALS/EC (Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support / Electric Commerce) have been established and been put into operation since As a result, it begins to materialise that not only the geotechnical consultant trades but also the administrative organ as an enterprise can use the computerised geological map, even in the stage of the design and the execution at the the lower stage of the project. The standards which are related to the geological map, such as Geological map signs, colors, patterns, terms, and explanatory notes (JISA0204), are in operation domestically in Japan. Internationally, related countries propose international standards, such as Graphical symbols for use on detailed maps, plans and geological cross-sections (ISO710) and Geotechnical engineering in civil engineering distinction and mention of the rocks (ISO/FDIS14689). However, in the case of computerisation of engineering geological maps that are required for the fields of construction and engineering, such as design, execution, and maintenance, it is the present situation that the industrial standard including the term, the usage, encoding, and so on, has not yet been established.. That is to say, international standards and domestic regulations, which have been proposed and been put into operation till now, can hardly correspond to the regional characteristics of Japan which has a complicated geological structure and peculiarities of geological maps that are used in the fields of construction and engineering. Furthermore, in these years, according to the social conditions, the fundamental approach to standards has been changing from specification design to performance design in the fields of construction and engineering. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 189 CCOP Technical Secretariat

183 Consequently, it will be necessary to produce more reliable engineering geological maps when computerizing the national land information. In order to make such maps, it is necessary to establish standards in the fields of construction and engineering that can adjust or correspond to the domestic or international standards, and that can precisely and naturally reflect the knowledge about the engineering geology for various purposes and subjects of geotechnical engineering. As a result, the standard must be able to precisely convey the facts and the explanation concerning the results of geotechnical investigation. From this point of view, the JGCA is attempting to standardise the engineering geological map, and establish the draft of the standard, and moreover begins to follow the procedures of JIS from Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Asia-Pacific Crustal Deformation Monitoring In 2006, GSI launched a new project: monitoring crustal deformation in Asia and the Pacific, acknowledging the needs to contribute to the region through geodetic activities and hopes this may be expanded as an international cooperative project. The application of data from the ALOS In January 2006, the JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) succeeded in launching a new satellite ALOS. The major missions of the ALOS are as follows: a) mapmaking, b) monitoring global/regional environment, c) assessing the damage situation in major disasters and etc. GSI is now experimentally using optical and/or radio data from the ALOS to make 1:25,000 scale topographic maps and to detect crustal movement caused by a large-scale earthquake or volcanic activity. We are also strongly expecting to use the ALOS data in order to make the Global Map data that is conducted as part of an international project in cooperation with Asian countries and regions. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 190 CCOP Technical Secretariat

184 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of Republic of Korea Submitted by Tai Sup Lee Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 191 CCOP Technical Secretariat

185 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: REPUBLIC OF KOREA Period: 1 July June MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR The Mineral Programme carried out by KIGAM in 2005/6 consisted of three projects. First is the Mongolian mineral exploration project started in Second is the research project on the construction of a database of mineral resources and interpretation of genetic environments of deposits distributed in the Northeast Asia region (China, Japan, Mongolia, and East Russia) which started in Third is the analysis of mineral resources situation and exploration in Chile, Peru, Argentina, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan started in A project on mineral deposit assessment in Mexico will be incorporated into the South American Project from The Korea Resources Corporation (KORES) is managing the direct investment for the development and exploration projects of mineral resources in Australia, Canada, China, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Peru and Philippines Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities A Mongolian joint project between KIGAM and Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of Mongolia (IGMR) was carried out to construct the detailed DB of geology and mineral resources on M-47 and M-46 quadrangles of central Mongolia in Ground truth surveys on uranium and rare earth element (REE) mineralized areas of southeastern part of Mongolia were performed to identify the characteristics of the geology and ore deposits. The detailed DB has been constructed for podiform chromite, sediments-hosted copper deposits and massive sulfide copper-gold despots in western part of Mongolia. The KIGAM project, Study on the Genetic Environments of Metallogenic Provinces of NE Asia, was carried out to compare metallogenic provinces and characteristics of ore deposits in NE Asia and the Korean peninsula. In this study, geologic information on about 2,000 lode deposits was compiled to identify and characterise the metallogenic provinces. A South American project of KIGAM was carried out to find out potential mineralized areas through geochemical exploration and information analysis on Chile, Peru, and Argentina. In Chile, the geochemical exploration was carried out on the area of about 1,500 km 2 in the San-Felipe and Los Andes Provinces, Region V, Chile. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 193 CCOP Technical Secretariat

186 In China, KORES and Wonjin Co. Ltd. have been carrying out the production project of Yingkouchingdao refractory resources from KORES is also carrying out the XianMaxon REE resources production project from 2003 and the exploration project of Liushutang Pb-Zn deposits from 2006 in China Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities KORES has a plan to perform the exploration project for Pingjing anthracite deposits in China from KORES will extend the production and/or exploration projects such as Mongolian Erdenet Cu, Moniwa Cu of Myanmar, Zapadno Au and Khandiza Pb-Zn of Uzbekistan, Mexican Sonora Cu, Australian anthracite, and Russian Elga anthracite deposits as well as some metallic deposits in CCOP countries. 2. ENERGY PROGRAMME 2.1. Summary Regarding the hydrocarbon exploration activities in Korea, data interpretation, acquisition, processing, reservoir simulation, gas hydrate research and drilling were carried out by KIGAM and the Korea National Oil Corporation (KNOC). The R&D part is mainly carried out by KIGAM but exploration operations are managed by KNOC. KIGAM: Energy resources projects carried out by KIGAM in consist of two parts. One concerns oil and gas projects including oversea data analysis and consultancy, reservoir simulation, 2-D seismic data acquisition and interpretation, and the other one concerns a gas hydrate project. KNOC:Based on the precise evaluation of the hydrocarbon resource potentials for the entire continental shelf around the Korea peninsula, KNOC established a long term plan of hydrocarbon exploration in Korea. Since 1983, KNOC's exploration teams have initiated and conducted 182,447 L-km of geophysical survey and drilled 23 exploratory wells, during which KNOC successfully located Gorae 6-1 gas field, where a natural gas reservoir was discovered. In order to assess the economic impact of Gorae 6-1, test-drilling was performed and the results were promising. KNOC was able to confirm the existence of a natural gas reservoir of an economic scale of 2300 Bcf off the coast of Ulsan and as a result of the successful discovery, KNOC was able to start distribution following a trial run, in March of In addition to that, KNOC discovered another 250 Bcf natural gas reservoir in Gora-8 structure. In February 2006 another natural gas reservoir of a scale of 100 Bcf was exploited in Gorae KNOC was able to substantially expand its business with the discovery of natural gas. Through the success of the discovery, the vision of becoming an oil-producing country became a reality. With the heightened possibility of locating natural resources as its momentum, KNOC is in pursuit of excavating neighboring regions. In addition, KNOC has implemented a systematic plan for exploring Korea's continental shelves. In order to minimize the financial risks and to maximize financial support during the excavation phase, KNOC is actively seeking foreign investors who will join forces with KNOC in the quest for exploring Korea's continental shelves. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 194 CCOP Technical Secretariat

187 2.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Gas Hydrate Exploration Activity by KIGAM The first gas hydrate research project in Korea started in However most of the research works only focused on laboratory experiments and collection of the basic information on gas hydrate. The research on the measurement of the equilibrium condition of the gas hydrate was carried out using the apparatus designed and manufactured by KIGAM research team. After the preliminary offshore seismic survey was carried out as well as laboratory study on the gas hydrate during the period between 1997 and 1999, a regional reconnaissance geophysical and marine geological survey using R/V Tamhae2 of KIGAM then followed to study the gas hydrate potential in the East Sea of Korea in the periods between 2000 and Since 2000, the gas hydrate project funded by Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) and Korea Gas Cooperation (KOGAS) lead by the KIGAM research group accelerated. Annually 2000~2600 L-km seismic survey was carried out from 2000 to Meanwhile, KNOC contracted with KIGAM to acquire the multi-channel high resolution seismic data for gas hydrate study in continental shelf Block 6-1. A total of 14,366 L-km of seismic data acquisition and 38 gravity core samplings have been achieved since 2000 in the East Sea region. The BSR analysis was in cooperation with Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and US Geological Survey (USGS), Denver in 2003 and 2004 respectively. Besides geophysical exploration, research on the physical properties of gas hydrate, measurement of phase equilibrium, reservoir flow simulation, plugging of pipeline took place as well as basic research are required in production and utilization of gas hydrate. The results of the exploration activities during provided geologic and geochemical characteristics as well as stability zone and potentials of gas hydrate in the East Sea. Based on the results from the preliminary study, the Gas Hydrate R&D Organization (GHDO) was established by MOCIE, KNOC, KOGAS and KIGAM, as a central body for the gas hydrate development as a next-generation clean energy resource in the Korean offshore. It was launched on July 19, The Gas Hydrate Development Project, a three-phase project planned over 10 years ( ), aims to undertake precision surveys for estimation of potential reserves in the East Sea, by drilling for identification of natural gas hydrate, core production technology research, test production and the derivation of optimized commercial production methods. For confirmation of the prospects identified so far, GHDO conducted a high resolution 2-D seismic survey with 3 km streamer cables and 2 x 4 km grid interval covering the prospect distribution area. Deep coring of more than 50m in depth was conducted to collect geological information such as porosity, clay contents and etc. For estimation of precise reserves of gas hydrate in the region in 2005, the research work will be concentrated Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 195 CCOP Technical Secretariat

188 continuously ageon precision 3D geophysical exploration, various geological and geochemical sea bottom measurements with analysis, drilling to confirm natural gas hydrate and estimation of reserves in East Sea Current Status of Korea Continental Shelves Exploitation by KNOC Ulleung Basin (Field 6-1) Yellow Sea Basin (Fields 1, 2) Jeju Basin (Fields 4, 5, 6-2, and JDZ) The exploration results verified the existence of three large scale sedimentary basins capable of producing natural gas within Korea's continental shelf. I. Ulleung Basin Geophysical Survey: 132,303 L-km Number of Wells: 23 Although exploratory drilling commenced in 1972, actual gas discovery was not made until the ambitious excavation efforts of KNOC in 1983 near Mine 6-1 of the Dolgorae Region. Utilizing a revolutionary concept in excavating, natural gas was discovered in quantities capable of commercial production. Consequently as a result of the discovery and production of natural gas in the Ulleung Basin, additional discovery of petroleum and natural gas in the area became a possibility. II. Yellow Sea Basin Geophysical Survey: 50,608 L-km Number of Wells: 5 The Yellow Sea basin is an area that has not been sufficiently explored relative to its size. With recent production of petroleum in China's Subei Valley Basin in the Yellow Sea as an indication of heightened possibility of further discovery, KNOC plans to aggressively pursue survey of the Yellow Sea area. By utilizing innovative excavation strategy, KNOC will survey for natural reservoirs by setting the Oligocene age sediments as the target. III. Jeju Basin Geophysical Survey: 90,614 L-km Number of Wells: 14 The Jeju Basin is the largest among the Korean continental shelves and is the only basin displaying indication of oil in the 5 exploratory wells. With recent repeated discovery of petroleum and natural gas near the coast line of China, discovery of petroleum and natural gas near the Jeju basin is anticipated. Until the present time, the Miocene strata have been the target of exploration. However, the exploration efforts will be expanded with the Eocene-Oligocene strata as the primary targets of exploration. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 196 CCOP Technical Secretariat

189 3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 3.1. Summary The nation-wide Hydrogeological Mapping Project covered 9 counties among a total of one hundred to reach two thirds of the final goal. The National Groundwater Management Plan is now being updated by KIGAM. A government funded R&D program titled Sustainable Water Resources Research Program is now in the 2 nd phase ( ) focused mainly on the development and field application of the core technologies developed from the 1 st phase Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The Hydrogeological Mapping Project (HMP) is a nation-wide groundwater development and management program. The HMP mainly aims at establishing the hydrogeological maps (1:50,000) through comprehensive groundwater investigations, including geology and lithology, lineaments, groundwater level and flow direction, and land uses, on the one hundred counties throughout the nation selected based on National Groundwater Management Plan (NGMP). In 2005, the maps were produced in 9 counties, and currently have completed about the two thirds of the goal. The HMP is scheduled to be completed by 2011, and after that further investigations are to be carried out. The NGMP was established in 1996 based on Act 6 in the Ground Water Law, and was firstly updated in Now, the second update of the NGMP is being carried out by KIGAM, based on constructing or updating the groundwater storage and yield capacity, the usage status and plan, the conservation plan, the quality management and remediation plan and etc. The Sustainable Water Resources Research Program which is one of the 21C Frontier R&D Programmes has been carried out since 2001 to solve the national water shortage problem through research and development of technologies for sustainable water resources management. The program contains mainly four key projects, including integrated water resources management, surface water, groundwater, and alternative water resources. Among the projects the groundwater project is divided into four research fields: (1) Groundwater and surface water flow system analysis and modeling; (2) Application of optimal management system for coastal groundwater; (3) Development of water supply system using sustainable aquifer management; and (4) Application of sustainable water resources development technology by using groundwater dams. The program is now in the 2nd phase ( ) focused mainly on the development and field application of the core technologies developed from the 1 st phase ( ). As a main groundwater R&D organization, KIGAM has continued to conduct several R&D programs. The R&D programs are primarily focused on the development of technologies concerned with understanding the groundwater system to sustain high quality and quantity of groundwater resources. The key on-going research projects are described in the following paragraphs: Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 197 CCOP Technical Secretariat

190 I. Development of integrated technologies for analyzing groundwater systems During 2005 in the project, we confirmed that the connectivity problem of the groundwater flow paths in fractured aquifer system plays an important role to understand the groundwater flow phenomena. We also concluded that the conceptual model including the connectivity problems and percolation problems - percolation model - is the most reliable alternatives among the proposed conceptual models. II. Integrated analyses of groundwater occurrence in Jeju Island A complementary geological survey was conducted to obtain more detailed information about groundwater resources. Subsurface geological maps were made for every 5 meters interval below and every 10 meters above the sea level to find out geological factors that control groundwater flow, storage pattern, and subsurface geological distribution. III. Groundwater and surface water flow system analysis and modeling The matrix diffusion in fractured aquifer system was evaluated for the effects of Peclet number on groundwater flow behavior and solute transport as a representative characteristic parameter. The results showed the quantitative clue and insight of the groundwater flow characteristics in fractured system, which will be expanded with the upscaling study, and plays a major role in developing the conceptual model Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Continue the Hydrological Mapping Project. Two counties to be covered by KIGAM and 12 counties by other institutes. Continue the 3rd year R&D project in the field of groundwater from Sustainable Water Resources Research Program. Launch a new R&D program in KIGAM aiming at total securing of the sustainable groundwater resources Assistance requested: Host the Training Program on Groundwater Projects in Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 198 CCOP Technical Secretariat

191 4. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME 4.1. Summary GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR As an endeavor of coastal zone management in Korea, a variety of research and development activities have been performed in 2006 by Korean research institutes and universities. Outstanding examples include a huge dam construction across a tidal flat in the Korean western coast, some detailed coastal zone mapping in Samoa, and some international symposia and field trips for collaborating domestic and foreign scientists with themes of the Korean western coast Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Completion of Damming for Reclamation of a Huge Tidal Flat, Saemangeum A long-distance (~33 km) dam has been built along the Korean western coast commencing in Korea Rural Community and Agriculture Corporation (KRC) has been mandated to perform the task aiming to reclaim a huge tidal flat called Saemangeum, 40,100 ha in total area (28,300 ha for land, 11,800 ha for freshwater lake). Very recently (April 21, 2006), the damming was completed, linking both sides that were protruding into the sea. Supplementary constructions are being continued and will be completed in The new huge land area resulting from this reclamation will be developed in an environment-friendly way to fulfill agricultural, industrial and cultural needs Coastal Zone Mapping along the Coast of Savai I Island, Samoa KIGAM has provided in-kind support to Samoa as part of a UNDP national project entitled Coastal Geological Mapping of Savai i Island, Samoa. This has been the secondyear support since the program was set up in April, The project aims to support the capacity building of Samoa, improving its techniques of the coastal geological survey through the cooperative mapping between Korean experts and Samoan researchers. The ultimate objective of the project is to develop long-term coastal management strategies and plans against the coastal disasters and for the protection of livelihood through bilateral and multilateral cooperation in science and technology between Asian countries. Mapping is focused on the coastal geological and/or geomorphological features around Savai i Island, Samoa. Samoan top administrators and scientists were invited in 2006 for detailed Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 199 CCOP Technical Secretariat

192 observation on processes and environmental changes of the volcanic rocky coast of Jeju Island, showing a close similarity with that of Samoa International Symposia and Field Excursions along the Korean Coast There were two important field excursions in 2006 along the Korean western coast involving collaboration of domestic and foreign scientists. The Korean western coast is famous for its wide, fringing, muddy tidal flat formed under a macrotidal regime. Such modern tidal flats are increasingly noted for instruction on geologic processes of their ancient analogues of which discrete sand beds are increasingly recognized as a new play type for petroleum preservation. The first international symposium and field excursion was made under collaboration between scientists of KIGAM and those from foreign oil companies such as Shell, Nexen, ConocoPhillips, Statoil and Total. The event was supported by MOCIE and the consortium of the foreign oil companies. Emphasized was a detailed observation on formative processes of potential sand reservoir across modern tidal flat deposits. The second event was performed as part of a pre-congress field excursion of the International Sedimentologists Congress (ISC) s 2006 meeting in Fukuoka, Japan. Chonnam National University was mandated to organize the event, and more than twenty foreign scientists joined the event to see rapid environmental changes across modern tide-dominated coasts. 5. GEO-HAZARDS PROGRAMME 5.1. Summary In 2005~2006, KIGAM conducted various R&D projects on geohazards: i.e., earthquake monitoring; landslides on natural terrain and manmade roadcuts; impact from seawater intrusion; erosion and sedimentation disasters at rivers; and surface subsidence. These projects are conducted as basic research programmes of KIGAM. Two projects concerning earthquake hazards are supported from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Earthquakes KIGAM operates 33 seismic observatories in order to monitor earthquake activities in the Korean peninsula and its vicinity. Two permanent geomagnetic stations and three GPS stations contribute to measure geomagnetism and crustal deformation. The Wonju KSRS station consists of 26 radially deployed borehole digital array network. KIGAM was designated as the National Data Center (NDC) in Korea by the UN assembly in 1996 related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). In , KIGAM is conducting a basic research project related to the construction of a real-time earthquake monitoring system for Busan Metropolitan City and Gyeongsangnam-do province. Research on seismic activity and velocity structure as well as earthquake safety engineering applicable to LNG gas facilities is also conducted in several projects. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 200 CCOP Technical Secretariat

193 Landslides In order to assess human and economic due to landslides, KIGAM started a new fiveyear research project funded by National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) from September, The major objectives of the project are to develop a risk assessment method on natural terrain, production of landslide risk maps, development of optimal damage mitigation technology, and setting up a real-time monitoring system for debris flows. In the case of the research on manmade slopes, KIGAM completed construction of an Urban Slope Management System (USMS) to make a standard database for effective slope management in urban areas of Busan Metropolitan City. Concerning a database system for road-cuts along nation-owned roads, the Korea Institute of Construction Technology (KICT) constructed a database using the Cut-Slope Management System (CSMS). They also developed a pilot system for a real time monitoring system of cut slopes adjacent to a tunnel mouth Erosion and Sedimentation Disaster KIGAM investigated processes and geomorphic changes of the slope, gully and channel to explain the cause and effect of sedimentation disasters. We also compared the observed results with those using by the USLE and GeoWEPP model. Each of total sediment yield computed by USLE and GeoWEPP overestimated sediment yield as compared to the observed total sediment yield. However, based on the results, the total sediment yield computed by GeoWEPP approximated most closely to the observed results Seawater Intrusion KIGAM has performed research on technologies to mitigate seawater intrusion during last three years working in a pilot-scale site, Yeonggwang-gun, in southwestern Korea. In 2006, KIGAM performed intensive field pumping and injection tests in the saltwater region and transition zone of the site to develop field techniques for desalination. Hydrogeological parameters of the site were evaluated by pumping testing and the desalinization effects of freshwater injection test were evaluated by geophysical monitoring using the electrical resistivity and spontaneous potential methods. Korea Agricultural and Rural Infrastructure Corporation (KARICO) is continuing long-term monitoring of seawater intrusion in the coastal area to accumulate data and improve the analysis a using geostatistical approach. In Jeju Island, the temperature and EC of groundwater are regularly monitored by Jeju provincial government and KIGAM utilising several hundreds of boreholes in the western and eastern coastal area of the island Surface Subsidence For the objective decisions regarding the occurrence of subsidence, KIGAM has developed an artificial intelligent program with a neural network since The program was applied to several subsidence areas to evaluate their possibilities for subsidence geohazards. In the near future, it is expected to generate the geohazard map in the subsidence areas. For establishing the subsidence probability map, the possibility and the range of subsidence should be determined with the developed program. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 201 CCOP Technical Secretariat

194 As most of the coal mines in Korea become abandoned, surface subsidence generated by underground openings is now very common. The Coal Industry Promotion Board is in charge of stabilization and restoration of subsided areas. Surface subsidence by groundwater drainage as well as weak rock compaction is another problem Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities In the seawater intrusion research, KIGAM supported an international workshop by CCOP named CCOP-KIGAM Workshop on Current Geoscientific Hot Issues, October 24 October 28, 2005 in Bangkok, Thailand. KIGAM intends to continue supporting this kind of international activity and is now planning to organize the 2006 workshop. The agenda of the workshop will consist of country reports on research activities of each member country and special training course and/or lectures to introduce research activities by KIGAM. The workshop will actively seek measures for the enhancement of international cooperation and the development of practical co-work projects. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 6.1. Summary Environmental geology projects concerned abandoned metal mines, acid rock drainage and soil contamination problems in KIGAM conducted the assessment of heavy metal hazards in abandoned mines, and site assessment and prevention measures for the soil and groundwater contamination Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Development of a Search Tool for the Abandoned Metal Mines and Participation of Future Reclamation Planning of Government The number of abandoned metal in Korea has reached 936. KIGAM conducted a nationwide survey of abandoned adits, mine drainage, tailings, subsidence and etc. in Based on these data, KIGAM has developed a tool with which to search for the information on physical and chemical mining hazards including the location of each metal mine and representative photographs. This program is designed for easy upgrades and can be widely utilized by the authorities concerned. In addition, KIGAM carried out preparatory work on reclamation planning of abandoned metal mines for for the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy (MOCIE) and progressed towards submission of a report including road maps. Also, as the Korean Mining Reclamation Corporation (MRC), in charge of the mining reclamation for Korea, was started in June, 2006, KIGAM supports the MRC by way of exchanges of staff and information Prevention of Acid Rock Drainage Acid rock drainage (ARD) is a current an environmental issue for some construction sites in Korea. In , KIGAM conducted a research project to develop an ARD prevention technology. The ARD prevention technology is based on the surface coating for the inhibition of sulfide oxidation. The technology has been evaluated in laboratories and greenhouses. The application of the technology reduced up to 99% of ARD generation from Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 202 CCOP Technical Secretariat

195 the rocks with a high content of sulfide and enhanced plant growth in an acid surface soil. The distribution of ARD generating rocks is being examined on a nationwide scale. A field applicability test is being conducted on the surface of a rock cut slope and filled bank Expedited Contaminated Site Characterization In , KIGAM conducted an on-going project for site characterization of contaminated areas, landfills and petroleum contaminated sites. In this research, a technology of expedited contamination detection is to be developed as a basic technique for the prevention of proliferation of soil and groundwater contamination. For the purpose, soil gas, geochemical, hydrogeological, microbiological, and geophysical prospecting techniques were addressed to characterize the contaminated sites. The soil gas-using detection technology can find the limit of landfill and contamination diffusion so that it can be applied to set up remediation planning and design at a landfill site. The geophysical prospecting technology can give 2D and 3D characteristics of geological strata and indicate efficient countermeasures for prevention and remediation at a contaminated site. In the field of the microbiological technology for the detection, the technology using genetically engineered bacteria illuminating against toluene were developed. The microbe-using technology can be developed as an early-detection tool for contamination of groundwater and soil by oil leakage. These site investigation results suggested that investigation of the contamination distribution and diffusion in upper and lower strata with different properties was important to decide remediation techniques. This project is supported by the Ministry of Environment and will be continued until March Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Some of the aforementioned programme/projects such as the assessment of heavy metal hazards in abandoned mines and site assessment of soil/groundwater contamination will be continued in coming years. Especially, KIGAM would like to have an opportunity to share its experience and expertise with the CCOP Member Countries. KIGAM is considering future cooperation with member countries that can be further discussed during the 43 rd CCOP annual meeting in Korea. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 203 CCOP Technical Secretariat

196 GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEO-DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 7.1. Summary In 2005 to 2006, KIGAM extended geological data compilation by adding the data acquired from Northeast and Southeast Asia, Middle Asia, Oceania and South America areas. The 3 rd phase of the project, Geoscience Information Standardization has been implemented by developing inter-organization standards in the Korean Geoscience community. As for the programme at Korea Resources Corporation (KORES), a database on mineral resources information including domestic and overseas mineral resources and building and aggregate stone resources has been constructed Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The Construction of Geoscience Information System Research activities on expanding geo-information data to the areas of Northeast and Southeast Asia, Middle Asia, Oceania and South America areas include the following: (1) Collection and construction of spatial DB (data base) such as topography, geology, mineral resources and remote sensing data for these areas; (2) Processing and analysis of remote sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System) data, using GIS, probability, statistics, and artificial network techniques, applicable to selection of potential mineral deposit areas; (3) Development of GGIS (Global Geoscience Information System); (4) Transferring relevant techniques to an international workshop "KIGAM-CCOP Workshop and Training on Current Issues in Geoscience, 2005", hosted by KIGAM and CCOP. Special attention has been paid to mapping for potential mineral resources. The current status of progress is summarized as: (1) DB construction for geological map, geochemical map, aerial gamma ray and magnetic survey maps, and mine information; (2) Processing of Hyper-spectral remote sensing data for detecting potential mineralization area; and (3) Development of predictive techniques for the potential mineral resources using GIS. The GGIS is developed in order to distribute the DB and relevant techniques, developed so far. The GGIS system is a web-based, Geoscience DB retrieving system, and provides the DB for Northeast and Southeast Asia, Middle Asia, Oceania and South America areas. The spatial DB and GIS/RS application techniques, developed in this project, will provide supplemental information on (1) exploring mineral, gas and oil and other natural resource exploration; and (2) constructing a transcontinental railway and a pipeline in Northeast and Southeast Asia, Middle Asia, Oceania and South American areas. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 204 CCOP Technical Secretariat

197 Geoscience Information Standardization This project aims at developing standards in order to produce standardized geoscience information, to manage compatibility on constructed DB, and to construct metadata system for the effective distribution of the geoscience information produced by several geoscience organizations in Korea. The contents of standardization include coalfield geological map, borehole data in coal/rock area, geological thesaurus system, and geoscience information metadata system. The results of this study will promote effective communication between information providers and users. In addition, information standards will raise information value and spread awareness of importance of standardized information in the geoscience information area Database Construction on Mineral Resources Information With the increasing necessity of thematic maps used for the national infrastructure construction and other natural resources exploration, KORES has made digital thematic maps such as surface geological maps, drill core data, mine maps, geochemical maps and geophysical maps from paper maps for 500 mine areas in South Korea Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities KIGAM is planning to transfer techniques to the experts of CCOP member countries on producing mineral resources prediction maps. The details of the future activities on training and technical will be discussed at the upcoming 43 rd CCOP annual meeting in Korea. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 205 CCOP Technical Secretariat

198 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of Malaysia Submitted by Yunus Abdul Razak Minerals and Geoscience Department, Malaysia (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 207 CCOP Technical Secretariat

199 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: MALAYSIA Period: 1 July June MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR Reconnaissance and follow-up geochemical surveys for gold and evaluation of industrial mineral resources for clay, silica sand, dimension stone and feldspar were undertaken during the period while coal exploration continued in Sarawak and Sabah. Research programmes continued for clay, silica, rock, advanced material and rehabilitation technologies Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Mineral Exploration for Metallic Minerals During the reported period, regional geochemical surveys were carried out over an area of 2,670 sq km in Sabah and Sarawak. As a result, 1,383 geochemical samples of all types were collected for various analyses. In Sabah, a regional reconnaissance geochemical survey was carried out under the Regional Supra Survey Project, covering an area 670 sq km in Tomanggong, Sandakan area. A total of 365 silt, 69 heavy mineral concentrates and 43 rock samples were collected. With the completion of the survey, a total area of 4,920 sq km has been covered in the project area. In Sarawak, the survey was carried out in Sarikei, Kapit and Kota Samarahan Divisions covering a total area of 2,000 sq km of the project area. A total of 715 silt, 159 heavy mineral concentrates and 32 rock samples were collected. In Perak, 11 multi-element geochemical anomalies were identified in the Sungai Siput (North) - Hulu Kinta area by a reconnaissance survey over a project area of 2,050 sq km. Follow-up geochemical surveys for gold were carried out in the states of Johor, Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan and Sarawak. In Johor, detailed geochemical soil sampling at a spacing of 50 x 100 m along ridges and spurs was carried out in the Sg. Chemaran Sg. Chemangar, Desaru, Kota Tinggi area. The sampling covered an area of 1.5 sq km. A total of 336 soil samples, 36 heavy mineral concentrates and 13 rock samples were collected. The geochemical results showed encouraging gold values in the soil samples ranging from to ppm. A gold anomaly covering an area of 2.0 sq km was successfully delineated for further grid soil sampling. In Pahang, detailed geochemical survey for gold was carried out in Sungai Jeram and Sungai Charah, Bukit Ibam and Rompin areas. The grid soil sampling covered an area of about 0.5 sq km in the Sungai Jeram area. A total of 491 soil and 111 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 209 CCOP Technical Secretariat

200 concentrate samples were collected from shallow and deep pits. In many of the samples, gold flakes were encountered. The results help to delineate two prospective areas for gold in Sungai Charah and one area in Sungai Jeram. In Terengganu, follow-up geochemical survey for gold was carried out in the Setiu (Kg. Langkap), Marang (Lubuk Mandi) and Dungun (Bukit Lentur and Bukit Kelip) areas covering a total area of 60 sq km. A total of 92 silt, 93 heavy mineral stream concentrates and 10 rock samples were collected for analysis. In Kelantan, detailed geochemical sampling was done on the ridges of the Sungai Labin area covering an area of 10 sq km. A total of 51 soil sampels were collected. The geochemical results showed that gold values were fairly well distributed within a zone which is associated with the white coloured quartz-feldspar porphyry. Gold flakes were usually found in the soil containing quartz vein fragments. In Sarawak, follow-up geochemical survey involving 50 m x 100 m gridded soil sampling was carried out for gold and base metals in the Gunung Merugo area, Kota Samarahan Division, covering an area of 1.2 sq km. A total of 246 soil samples were collected. A follow-up geochemical survey was also carried out in the geochemical anomaly area in the Ribong-Gerugu area, Sarikei Division covering 32 sq km. A total of 102 silt, 36 heavy mineral stream concentrates and 20 rock samples were collected Industrial Minerals/Non-metallic Minerals The industrial mineral investigation is focused on silica sand, river sand/gravel, ball and structured clay, limestone, granite dimension stone, feldspars and quartz. A total of 11.1 MT of silica sand reserve were outlined in Pahang and Sarawak. River sand and gravel deposits totaling about 25.6 MT were identified in Kedah and Sarawak. The potential ball and structured clay for the ceramic industry identified in Pekan, Pahang and Lahah Datu, Sabah amounted to 23.5 MT. A total of MT of dolomite limestone was delineated in Sarawak, which is suitable for use in PCC, cement and fertilizer. Investigations for potential granite dimension stone carried out in Negeri Sembilan, Kelantan, Terengganu and Sarawak identified reserves of about MT. Meanwhile, investigation into feldspar for ceramic industry carried out in Merapoh, Pahang revealed about 2,000 MT of feldspar deposit. Follow-up investigation was carried out on a quartz reef in Selangor the quartz has an average SiO 2 content of 97.1% which is suitable for glass making. Coal exploration continued in Sabah (Pinangah) and Sarawak (Ulu Tutoh and Sungai Kenaya), covering an area of 510 sq. km. A follow-up investigation carried out in the Pinangah Block at seven selected outcrops show that the coal has an average thickness of 11 m. The sub-bituminous coal in the Ulu Tutoh area has shown high sulphur content. A total of 25 coal samples collected in Pinangah were ranked as high volatile A-C bituminous coal, with an average gross calorific value of 7,302 kcal/kg (5,179-8,179 kcal/kg, dry), low sulphur value of less than 1.2% and low ash content of about 5.4% Mineral Research and Development The Mineral Research Centre (MRC) carried out mineral-based technology research under the Eighth Malaysian Plan (8-MP), with emphasis on industrial minerals. Several new body formulations for crystal glass and ceramics like porcelain and stoneware were developed. MRC worked with a private company to carry out the research on improving crystal glass formulation using local raw materials. The research on silica-based technology succeeded in producing pellets as a base material for the formulation and production of lead free crystal glass using industrial grade raw materials. Based on physical Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 210 CCOP Technical Secretariat

201 tests conducted, the crystal glass produced is of equivalent quality with imported crystal glass and conforms to British Standard BS: 3828:1973. The cost of production of these pellets is cheaper than the cost of imported pellets. The research on advanced materials succeeded in producing cordierite glass ceramic using local sand, with a composition of 45% SiO 2, 24% Al 2 O 3 and 15% MgO. Based on its chemical and physical properties and its microstructure, the glass ceramic has potential for capacitors and medium grade insulators. It can also be concentrated and used for high-grade capacitors. The research, which was carried out together with Perak State Development Corporation (PSDC), devised 14 new recipes using local clay as the main component for making high value ceramic products. A porcelain grade ceramic product will be produced for testing by a company in Lenggong, Perak. A new method for the production of nano-size precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) by in-flight techniques was tested. Studies on the processing of feldspar using flotation techniques were carried out on samples from Apex Granite, Muar. The studies were focused on determining the best parameters to obtain the best feldspar product. The results showed that iron, mica and free quartz could be reduced using suitable reagents and flotation techniques. In the study of rehabilitation, various floras were successfully cultivated in ex-mining ponds. Response from both public and private sectors to this new concept of aquatic farming was very encouraging. 1.2 Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities: Malaysia will continue with: (i) Data collection through geochemical and offshore surveys. (ii) Evaluation of industrial mineral resources. (iii) R&D work on local resources. Assistance from CCOP is required in: (i) Processing, integration and interpretation of geochemical, geophysical and geological data. (ii) Expertise in R&D with specific reference to industrial minerals Others The progress of the mineral industry in Malaysia is expected to progress in tandem with its economic development. In year 2005, there were 73 active mines and 340 active quarries compared to 396 active mines/ quarries in the previous year. More investors from within and outside Malaysia have shown keen interest in the mining and quarrying industry. For mining activities, a total of 10 Hydraulic Licenses and 61 Letters of Authority to Mine have been issued. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 211 CCOP Technical Secretariat

202 2. ENERGY PROGRAMME 2.1. Summary During the review period of July 2005 to June 2006, several oil companies have carried out data reviews on the prospectivity of Malaysian exploration acreage, leading to eight (8) new Production Sharing Contracts (PSCs) being awarded to oil companies for E & P investment. There was an extensive exploration activities in Malaysia carried out by PETRONAS and its Production Sharing Contractors. A total of 62,878 sq km of 3D seismic data was acquired. Fifty five (55) exploration wells were drilled resulting in several significant oil and gas discoveries. A total of ninety two (92) development wells were also drilled during the period. Crude oil and gas production averaged at kbpd and 6.59 Bscf/d respectively Review of Technical Programmes/Activities New Production Sharing Contracts (PSC) Signed A total of six (6) exploration PSCs and two (2) development PSCs were signed during the review period. Details of the exploration PSCs signed are tabled below: BLOCK NAME DATE PSC SIGNED OPERATOR ND 1 ND PCSB P Murphy Oil Geophysical Surveys A total of 62,878 sq km of new 3D seismic data was acquired during the period. The details are as follows:- REGION NEW 3D SEISMIC (sq.km) Peninsular Malaysia 56,750 Sabah 1,217 Sarawak 4,911 Total 62,878 At the same time, a total of 8,500 sq km of 3D seismic data was reprocessed Exploration and Development Drilling A total of fifty five (55) exploration wells (42 wildcats and 13 appraisals) were drilled during this period. The details are as follows: Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 212 CCOP Technical Secretariat

203 REGION WILDCAT APPRAISAL TOTAL Peninsular Malaysia Sabah Sarawak Total In addition, ninety two (92) development wells were also drilled in Malaysia during the review period Production of Oil and Gas Average Malaysia s crude oil production was kbpd and daily production of gas was 6.59 Bscf. For Malaysia total crude oil production, 62% was produced from Peninsular Malaysia oil fields, 23% from Sarawak and the remaining 17% was produced from Sabah. For gas production, 55% was produced from Sarawak offshore gas fields, 42% from Peninsular and another 3% from Sabah Reserves As of 1 January 2006, the oil and gas reserves in Malaysia are as follows: i) Crude Oil : 5.2 Bstb ii) Natural Gas : 88.0 Tscf 41% of the oil reserves are in Sabah, 34% in Peninsular Malaysia and the remaining 25% in Sarawak. For gas, 44% are in Sarawak, 33% in Peninsular Malaysia and 11% in Sabah Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP Seminar on Gas Hydrates 2.4. Others Malaysia has been actively participating in the CCOP Petroleum Policy and Management Project (PPM) and Institutional Capability Building Project (ICB). 3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 3.1. Summary Groundwater investigation, development and monitoring were carried out in Johor, Kedah, Pulau Pinang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Sarawak and Sabah. The investigations located potential water resources capable of benefiting 20,000 people. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 213 CCOP Technical Secretariat

204 3.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities In Johor, two wells were drilled in hard rock to a total depth of 176 m, yielding a total estimated 114 m 3 /day of water, sufficient to cater to 1,300 people, while in Kedah, two wells were drilled with a total depth of 114 m, yielding about 40 m 3 /day of water. In Selangor, three wells were drilled with a total yield of 432 m 3 /day. Meanwhile in Negri Sembilan, one well was constructed to cater for agricultural requirements, with a total yield of 616 m 3 /day. In Sarawak, a total of three exploration wells were drilled with a total depth of 90 m, yielding an average of 48 m 3 /day of water. The maintenance of the groundwater filtering system was actively undertaken for the benefit of 5,000 people in Pulau Bruit and Mendamit. In Sabah, four wells were drilled in hard rock with a total depth of 128 m, which provided a yield ranging from 6-72 m 3 /day Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities. Malaysia will continue with: (i) Development of groundwater resources in various parts of the country with the focus on management of groundwater resources in small islands off the coast of Peninsular Malaysia. (ii) Modelling work and delineation of wellhead protection areas (WHPA) in critical locations. Assistance from CCOP is required in groundwater resource assessment and monitoring. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 214 CCOP Technical Secretariat

205 3. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME 4.1. Summary GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR The sustainable management of the coastal zone in Malaysia is an integral part of coastal development and therefore the government is funding numerous projects on our coastal zone resources and its ecological habitats. In line with that strategy, a number of projects have been incorporated under our newly implemented Ninth Malaysia Plan (9-MP) for the next five years ( ) Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities National Integrated Coastal Zone Management Policy In 2002, the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) in the Prime Minister s Department commissioned a team of three consultants to draw up the framework for the National Integrated Coastal Zone Management (NICZM) Policy for the country. The team reviewed previous ICZM studies and submitted a report. Based on their recommendations, a team of about 20 Core Specialists was identified to prepare the policy document. The NICZM policy document has been finalized in mid-2005 and is ready for implementation Integrated Shoreline Management Plan The Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), who have been authorized by the Government of Malaysia to monitor and approve all development projects in the coastal zone, has initiated the preparation of an Integrated Shoreline Management Plan (ISMP) for Malaysia s coastal zones. As a pilot project, an ISMP was carried out on the North Pahang coastline from Pekan, Pahang to the state boundary of Pahang/Trengganu and completed in mid Following that, an ISMP was carried out for South Pahang in 2005 and the final report has been submitted in July Under the 9-MP, an ISMP for the states of Negeri Sembilan, Penang and Malacca are earmarked. The DID has also been active in carrying out beach nourishment projects in Two beach nourishment programmes have been undertaken at Teluk Cempadak Beach in Kuantan and at Port Dickson Coastal Programmes undertaken by Minerals and Geoscience Department a. Coastal Geology Mapping in Langkawi Islands The 4-year study in Langkawi that commenced in 2002 under the 8-MP was completed in The aim of the study was to recognize the geological features and processes that are prevalent in the coastal zone that impact on the beaches due to coastal development. The study comprised of geophysical and sampling surveys in the nearshore areas and surficial geological mapping in the onshore coastal areas. The geophysical survey comprising multibeam and towed side scan sonar was carried out in the nearshore areas around the Langkawi Islands. The multibeam survey showed detail morphology of the sea Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 215 CCOP Technical Secretariat

206 bed and sea bottom features like the sand migration patterns, sediment characteristics and sand dredging areas. Under 9-MP, a similar project will be undertaken in Penang, where coastal development is much more pronounced than in Langkawi. In Penang, a geohazard mapping methodology for the coastal beaches will be developed with regard to the effects of tsunami, oil and waste pollution and cliff stabilities at the backshore areas. b. Coastal Studies at One Fathom Bank, Straits of Malacca Under 9-MP, a marine study is initiated at the One Fathom Bank (OFB) area in the Straits of Malacca, off Port Klang. The purpose of the study is to understand the coastal processes and the formation of the sand banks in that area. The understanding of the hydraulic dynamics and movement of the sand within the system is vital for proper management of the mining of offshore sand resources in that region as it hosts the main port facilities, power plant and is also a rich fishing ground in the Straits of Malacca. c. National Offshore Sand Resource Study Phase 2 in Offshore Sarawak After the completion of the National Offshore Sand Resource Study in the Straits of Malacca (Phase 1) in 2003, MGD has incorporated the Phase 2 of the offshore sand resource study off the waters of Sarawak under the 9-MP programme. The study will encompass impacts of sand mining and is expected to start late this year and be completed in Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities: One of our major programmes is the mapping of offshore sand resources and studying the environmental impact due to sand mining. A number of sand mining permits have been issued and subsequently a number of areas have been dredged. The role played by the government agencies in implementing the regulations and monitoring of the sand mining activities during and after mining has been below expectation due to both lack of manpower and know-how. Towards establishing a more effective monitoring role by the MGD, it would benefit Malaysia immensely if CCOP could arrange a workshop on this subject, possibly followed by a study tour, bearing in mind that Japan and Korea are advanced in the field of offshore aggregate mining Others A workshop on multibeam application to coastal mapping was suggested to be held in Kuala Lumpur last year, but was postponed to Dr. Ralph Currie from Canada has been contacted on this matter. 5. GEOHAZARDS PROGRAMME 5.1. Summary MGD had carried out investigations on geohazards such as landslides and groundwater pollution and had also conducted geological terrain mapping for landuse planning. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 216 CCOP Technical Secretariat

207 5.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities MGD was actively involved in the investigation of a large landslide which had caused the demise of 4 persons and also in the investigation of illegally buried toxic waste which had affected the health of more than a thousand villagers Landslide at Taman Zooview, Gombak, Selangor On the 31 st May 2006, at about 4.45 pm, a large landslide occurred at Taman Zooview in the District of Gombak, Selangor in which debris comprising a mixture of schistose soil, boulders and remains of a collapsed crib wall destroyed a number of village houses in Kampung Pasir at the foot of the hill. The landslide caused the demise of 4 persons and a row of double storey houses at the crown of the landslide Illegal Toxic Waste Dumps in Johor On the 13 th January 2006, it was reported in the newspapers that more than a thousand villagers in the Sungai Gatom area in Labis, Johor were affected by ammonia gas released from illegally buried aluminium dross. Subsequently two other illegal dumpsites were discovered. Investigations carried out by MGD which included continuous flight augering and geophysical surveys using the resistivity and transient electromagnetic methods proved the presence some 382 cu m of illegally buried toxic materials Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in support of Future Activities Proposed future activities Malaysia will continue with: Geological Terrain Mapping MGD will continue with conducting geological terrain mapping in all the states to prepare thematic maps such as Slope Map, Terrain Map, Erosion Map, Physical Constraints Map, Engineering Geology Map and Construction Suitability Map. These maps are useful for local town councils and district offices in the planning of development projects. Investigation of peat areas Investigations will be conducted on peat land in Selangor, Pahang, Johor and Sarawak. The physical and engineering characteristics of these peat lands will be studied. Stability of limestone hills Investigations will be conducted on limestone hills in Ipoh, Perak and Alor Setar, Kedah to map the dangerous cliff faces and to demarcate the safe and danger zones at the base of the hills. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 217 CCOP Technical Secretariat

208 Study on landfill sites MGD will be conducting a joint study with the Malaysian Institute of Nuclear Technology (MINT) on rehabilitation of landfill sites. Two sites, one in Arau, Perlis and the other in Sg. Kembon, Selangor will be investigated. Leachate from the landfill sites will be studied Assistance required from CCOP An expert on peat and soft ground will be an asset to MGD Others Malaysia has acquired expertise on geological terrain mapping and is in a position to advise or transfer the knowledge to neighbouring Southeast Asian countries. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 6.1. Summary The environmental geological programme involved mainly groundwater monitoring with respect to quality, water level and ground subsidence as well as review of EIA reports and development plans Annual Review of Technical Programme/Activities Groundwater Monitoring Routine groundwater monitoring with regards to quality and groundwater levels was carried out twice a year in March and August for about 386 monitoring wells throughout Malaysia. The monitoring work was focused in areas where the groundwater resource is relatively important as a source of public water supply, such as in the northern state of Kelantan where 70 wells were monitored. A total of 30 wells were closely monitored in the areas affected by the tsunami, especially in Kuala Muda and Langkawi. Apart from the groundwater monitoring, the likelihood of ground subsidence in critical areas was also closely monitored such as in the Langat Basin in Selangor. In Sarawak and Sabah, groundwater was similarly monitored for salt water intrusion in the coastal areas where groundwater utilization is significant EIA and Development Plan Review A total of 123 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports were reviewed to ensure the infrastructural development is sustainable. Reviews of Development Plans for various growth centres as well as guidelines on the development of sensitive areas were also carried out to ensure geological inputs are being considered in development projects. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 218 CCOP Technical Secretariat

209 6.3. Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Malaysia will carry out: (i) Preparation of guidelines on investigation of contaminated land and hands-on training related to contaminated land investigation. (ii) Compilation of geological heritage sites. GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEODATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 7.1. Summary During the review period, the activities carried out included participation in the SANGIS Project, digitization of geological maps and development of databases Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities SANGIS Project The SANGIS database has been deployed to most state offices. In the headquarters, data entry into the SANGIS database continued and to date 815 records have been inputted into the MGD database and uploaded onto the SANGIS website. The Technical Services Division also input a total of 874 publications, while state office of Pahang and Kelantan input 116 and 40 publications respectively Geological Maps The MGD continued to upload and maintain geospatial data in the MyGDI application, which is a federal government initiative. Digital maps for mineral and tube-well distribution on a scale of 1:250,000 were updated. A composite map of the geology along the border between Malaysia and Thailand, comprising four transect areas, was prepared under the Malaysia-Thailand Joint Geological Survey Committee (MT-JGSC). A mobile mapping system using the Geographical Information System (GIS) technology was developed to enhance the traditional mapping methods. The system, named Rapid Geological Mapping System (RGMS), is a field-to-finish system integrating various technologies including handheld devices such as GPS Receiver, PDA and digital camera and incorporating a customized GIS application for digital mapping. This system is intended to improve the capability of field data capture and automate the process of digital map production Database Two web-based database prototypes were introduced namely HYDROdat for hydrogeological data and IMdat for industrial mineral data. Data entry testing for both databases is ongoing and their weaknesses were being rectified. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 219 CCOP Technical Secretariat

210 7.3. Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Malaysia will embark on upgrading and integrating its mineral and geoscience databases which until now are stand-alones in various platforms. Subsequently, relevant applications will be developed. In this respect, the assistance of CCOP is required in providing technical assistance in the following areas: (i) Expert advice on developing applications. (ii) On-the-job-training on various aspects of database development and management. (iii) Visit to other countries to study their information set-up. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 220 CCOP Technical Secretariat

211 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of Papua New Guinea Submitted by Gabriel Kuna Geological Survey of Papua New Guinea (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 221 CCOP Technical Secretariat

212 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: PAPUA NEW GUINEA Period: 1 July June 2006 Introduction The Department of Mining had two major organizational changes recently. In November 2005, the PNG National Government passed the Mineral Resources Authority Bill (MRA). Consequently, the Department of Mining was replaced by the MRA as of January 1 st However, implementation of MRA has been delayed due to some legal issues relating to the Act that have to be rectified. The Department of Mining will continue to function until the MRA is implemented. On March 2006, Mr. James Wanjik, was appointed as the new Secretary for the Department of Mining. He is also the new Permanent Representative of PNG to CCOP. GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR Papua New Guinea relies very heavily on the mining, and petroleum and gas industries that make up more than 60% of the country s annual income. The National Government has ensured that these important industries are sustained and has maintained very strong promotional marketing strategies overseas. PNG is strongly supported by the donor agencies overseas to develop the mining and petroleum industries. 1. MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities There were two programmmes that were providing assistance in building up the technical capacity and the infrastructure of the Department of Mining. The Department of Mining World Bank Technical Assistance Programme officially ended at the end of May The EU EDF8 SYSMIN Program commenced in early 2004 and it will continue until the year The SysMin Program has 9 components and 3 are in advanced stages. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 223 CCOP Technical Secretariat

213 Mining Haus is 70% completed and is progressing on schedule. The building will be fully completed in March Airborne Geophysical Survey Project of the PNG Highlands region is progressing very well. About 80% of the work designated for this year has been completed. Preliminary results of the survey will be available in December this year. Geological Mapping (GEOMAP) Project which is the also running concurrently with the Airborne Geophysical Survey in the same area commenced late January 2006 instead June 2005 but have made considerable progress so far. Other projects are in the preliminary stages and will be covered in their respective sectors. Marine Scientific Research Guidelines for PNG have been prepared and were endorsed by the PNG Government in The guideline was finally incorporated into the Maritime Zones Bill 2006 early this year. 2. ENERGY PROGRAMME 2.1. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The PNG to Queensland Gas Pipeline Project has yet to confirm full commitment from potential customers in Australia. The Department of Petroleum and Energy with their consultants (Fugro Australia Ltd) carried out offshore geophysical survey in the Gulf of Papua and the entire coastline in the southern coast of Papua New Guinea. This project commenced early last year and is still continuing. The Geothermal Energy Database design was completed. Data acquisition will be carried out later. There is a huge potential for PNG to utilize hydrothermal energy for generating electricity but it lacks the expertise. Lihir Gold Mine Project is constructing another 20MW hydrothermal power plan this year. The new power plant will increase its power capacity totaling 56MW for its mine operations. The Lihir Gold Mine saves US$10million annually from using hydrothermal power generation Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities PNG needs the assistance of a hydrothermal energy expert from CCOP member countries and co-operating countries to assist them to build up their capacity in the various institutions. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 224 CCOP Technical Secretariat

214 3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME PNG appointed the Department of Environment and Conservation as the national focal point for the Integrated Groundwater Management Project. This project was initiated by SOPAC and funded by UNDP Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The activities were mainly confined to providing technical advice to village communities and carrying out minor investigations. 4. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR 4.1. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Further discussions were held in September last year with the Morobe Provincial Administration on the implementation of the second phase of the 1997 CCOP COASTPLAN Project (PNG Case Study). The Administration was very keen to implement the project but have yet to secure funds and therefore a final decision is pending Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Identifying donors to fund the implementation of the second phase of the CCOP COASTPLAN Project in PNG by CCOP using its network is needed. 5. GEO-HAZARDS PROGRAMME PNG is greatly affected by severe flooding, landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and frost. The high frequency of occurrences of these phenomena has been a major concern for the government Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities In order to mitigate the impact of the major natural disastrous events, the PNG Government is encouraging both national departments and provincial administration to operate geological hazard awareness programmes. As a result, Disaster Awareness programmes were conducted in many of the disaster prone provinces in PNG e.g. Morobe, Madang, Wewak, and Rabaul. Preliminary discussions were initiated early this year to extend the Australian Tsunami Warning System to PNG. The proposed project will involve installation of two seismometers in Manus and East New Britain. A Memmoradum of Understanding (MOU) for the project is being drafted. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 225 CCOP Technical Secretariat

215 A proposal on upgrading PNG s seismic monitoring network has been submitted to JECA this year for funding. All the seismic monitoring equipment is outdated and no longer available on the world market Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Identifying donors to assist us with the upgrading of the seismic network is vital as many lives in PNG depend on it. The network is also part of the global network. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 6.1. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The EU SysMIN programme component of the Deep Sea Tailing Disposal Project has been initiated early this year and the pre-qualification tender processes are being prepared for execution next year. The Ok Tedi copper mine project has an ongoing dredging programme along the Ok Tedi River to reduce environmental impact, particularly vegetation die-back effects. Another major environmental problem has been the build up of acid in the river sediments. As a result, OTML proposed to extract most of the acid from the mine waste and also from the river channel by dredging. Preliminary tests are being conducted at the moment at the mine site and the dredging site. GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEO-DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME Another EU SysMin programme component, Geology and Mineral Resources Information System (GMRIS) Project has been progressing very well since The database will be used for promoting geoscientific information derived from the airborne geophysical survey and Geomap projects as well as other existing information via the internet. So far, two tests on the database have been conducted in late last year and early this year. Other databases prepared under the WBTA project are the Mining/Exploration Tenements Database and the Terra Search Geological Database. Both databases are updated regularly as new data becomes available. CONTACT ADDRESS Mr. James Wanjik Secretary and Permanent Representative of PNG to CCOP Department of Mining Private Mail Bag Port Moresby National Capital District Papua New Guinea Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 226 CCOP Technical Secretariat

216 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of The Philippines Submitted by Delegation of the Philippines (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 227 CCOP Technical Secretariat

217 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: THE PHILIPPINES Period: 1 July June MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR 1.1.a Revitalization of the Mineral Industry Development of Mining Projects In addition to 24 flagship mining projects, there are 40 on-going exploration projects which are considered as small to medium-scale projects but which are expected to generate considerable foreign investments and employment. A total of 37 responsible mining projects were also allowed through various mining permits. On the rehabilitation and remediation of closed/inactive mines in the Philippines, the field assessments conducted in Bagacay, Western Samar led to the finalization of the rehabilitation plan for the mine site of the Philippine Pyrite Corporation. 1.1.b Under the implementation of its mineral programme, the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) continued to evaluate DENR-controlled mineral reservations along with on-field mineral deposit/site assessment for the Mineral Resources Inventory and Characterization Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities 1.2.a The implementation of responsible mining in the Philippines has been carried out in accordance with the three pillars of sustainable development economic development, environmental protection, and social equity. More opportunities were provided to mining investors through various support mechanisms. Account officers were designated to facilitate the implementation of the 24 flagship mining projects. Five of these priority mining projects are already operating. Together with the 40 on-going small to medium scale exploration projects, the rest are in the process of complying with their requirements on specific project issues and concerns such as an approved Feasibility Study, Environmental Compliance Certificate, and endorsement of the Local Government Unit. The approval of 19 Mineral Production Sharing Agreements, 18 Exploration Permits, 13 Mineral Processing Permits, and 26 Industrial Sand and Gravel Permits led to the creation of jobs, revenues to the government through taxes, duties, and fees, protection of the disturbed lands through environmental protection measures, and creation of livelihood opportunities. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 229 CCOP Technical Secretariat

218 To further attract foreign investors into the Philippine mining sector, mining investment roadshows were conducted by the government in cooperation with the private sector. The roadshows conducted in China, Canada, Singapore, Australia, Japan, Korea, United Kingdom and South Africa generated great interest in the potential of the Philippine mining industry. Also, the government participated in the International Mining Conference of the Asian Federation of Mining Associations in October In accordance with the Minerals Action Plan and to address the negative impacts of past mining activities, the rehabilitation plan for the Philippine Pyrite Corporation was finalized as a result of field assessments. Among the rehabilitation issues that will be addressed are: acid drainage and visual/aesthetic impacts (open pit voids, tailings ponds, waste dumps, and other disturbed/open areas). The initial phase of implementation will entail the decommissioning/removal of all unwanted infrastructure, earthworks, and revegetation. This will be done through contractors with expected community involvement in the propagation of seedlings and in nursery operation and the maintenance of rehabilitated areas. 1.2.b The MGB Mineral Programme includes quadrangle mapping activity where geological maps are generated for delineating the extent of identified mineral deposits and for exploring new metallic and non-metallic mineral prospects. The MGB generated twelve (12) geological maps and conducted reconnaissance and detailed geological survey nationwide covering 286,000 hectares. For the National Mineral Reservation Projects, resource assessment and other reconnaissance mapping activity was conducted in order to identify potential/new mineral reservation areas. Nine(9) areas were studied; the provinces of Aurora, Quirino, Nueva Viscaya, Nueva Ecija, Camarines Sur, Aklan, Negros Occidental, Davao Oriental and Davao del Sur. For the existing mineral reservations, developmental studies were conducted wherein the Siruma White Clay Mineral Reservation and the Surigao del Norte Mineral Reservation were packaged for investment promotion. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 230 CCOP Technical Secretariat

219 ADV. EXPLORATION & PRE-FEASIBILITY EXPLORATION STAGE OTHERS STATUS OPERATING CONSTRUCTION & DEVELOPMENT FINAL FEASIBILITY Amounts in $millions SUMMARY INVESTMENTS IN 2005 FOR PRIORITY MINING PROJECTS PROJECT PalawanHPP Rapu-Rapu Canatuan Teresa Sto. Tomas II ACT Project Didipio Akle Cement Toledo Masbate King King Cu-Au Nonoc Far-Southeast Itogon Siana Colet Tampakan Boyongan Diwalwal Hallmark Mindoro Nickel San Antonio Batong Buhay Amacan PO TEN TIAL TO -DA TE Remarks Started March 2005 Started July 2005 Ongoing expansion Operating Inauguration - Nov Contracting stage Contracting stage Plant site preparation Rehabilitation Final feasibility For Financing Final FS/financing Tech l review / financing Rehab/for financing Final pre-feasibility Infill drilling Drilling Drilling / Pre-feasibility Drilling below 600 ml Exploration drilling Social preparation Subject to final rehab For bidding For bidding Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 231 CCOP Technical Secretariat

220 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 232 CCOP Technical Secretariat

221 MINING INVESTMENTS (in US $ MILLION) as of June 2006 Project Name Reported as of 2005 Jan 2006 to date CUMMULATIVE INVESTMENT (to date) POTENTIAL INVESTMENT Palawan Nickel Project Rapu Rapu Polymetallic Project Teresa Gold Project Canatuan Silver-Gold Project Sto. Tomas II Copper Expansion Project Adlay-Cagdianao-Tandawa (ACT) Project Didipio Copper-Gold Project Akle Cement Project Carmen Copper Project (Toledo) Masbate Gold Project King King Copper-Gold Project Nonoc Nickel Project Far-Southeast Gold Project Itogon Gold Project Siana Gold Project Colet Copper Gold Project Tampakan Copper Project Boyongan Copper Project Direct State Development Project Hallmark Nickel Project (Pujada) Mindoro Nickel Project San Antonio Copper Project Batong Buhay Copper-Gold Project Amacan Copper-Gold Project TOTAL FOR PRIORITY PROJECTS , Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 233 CCOP Technical Secretariat

222 2. ENERGY PROGRAMME 2.1. Summary The energy self-sufficiency of the Philippines reached 56% in 2005 with indigenous renewable energy, natural gas, geothermal, hydro, coal and oil sources supplying a total of 161 million barrels fuel oil equivalent (MMBFOE) to meet the country s energy demand. To further increase the contribution of the indigenous resources, the Department of Energy conducted the Philippine Energy Contracting Round, August 2005, geared towards intensifying the energy resource exploration activities in the country. In this round, selected petroleum, geothermal and coal areas have been offered under separate terms Annual Review of Technical Program/Activities The Philippine Energy Mix (2005) (Note: The DOE prepares the energy mix figures on an annual basis, hence, no mid-year figures are available.) In 2005, the country attained around 56% energy self-sufficiency with the indigenous fuel sources contributing a total of 161 MMBFOE to the total energy mix. BIOMASS, SOLAR & WIND 54% OIL 8% NAT GAS 14% COAL 5% GEOTHERMAL 11% HYDRO 8% Indigenous Supply Components The residential sector consumed 82 MMBFOE or about 29% of the supply while the transport and industrial sectors consumed 22% (62 MMBFOE) and 18% (51MMBFOE) of the supply, respectively. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 234 CCOP Technical Secretariat

223 Contracts Energy Sector Developments Upstream Petroleum Sector From July 2005 to June 2006, the DOE awarded 11 Service Contracts bringing to a total 24 SC in oil and gas exploration, development and production projects (all in red on the map). Two of the three previous Geophysical Survey and Exploration Contracts (GSEC) have been converted to SC 46 (JAPEX) and SC 60 (SPEX). The remaining GSEC 101 (blue in the map) is under negotiation for conversion to SC. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 235 CCOP Technical Secretariat

224 Production From July 2005 to June 2006, the country produced 170,182 barrels of oil, 114 billion standard cubic feet of natural gas and 5.3 million barrels of condensate. The oil came from the Nido and Matinloc fields in Northwest Palawan on cyclic production while the gas and condensate are sourced from the Malampaya field in Northwest Palawan. Some gas production came from the small gas field in Cagayan that resumed production in September 2005 after stopping operation due to mechanical problems in the power plant. PRODUCTION CONDENSATE (mmbo) GAS (tcf) OIL (mbo) Exploration Activities Only one onshore well, in Cebu, that was plugged and abandoned, was drilled for this period. Most of the service contractors are either in the production stage or in the initial stage of exploration and have started their geological and geophysical surveys. A total of 906 line kilometers of 2D seismic data were acquired including 250 square kilometers of 3D data. Contracts Geothermal A total of nine Geothermal Service Contracts in the country are held either by the Philippine National Oil Company Energy Development Corporation (PNOC-EDC) or Philippine Geothermal Incorporated (PGI). Electricity Generation For the review period, the total electricity generated by the country s geothermal plants was 10,186 gigawatt-hour of electricity. Wells Drilled and Completed A total of four production wells were drilled and completed by PNOC-EDC from July 2005 to January 2006, namely: 422D, MG-39D, and 315D in Leyte Geothermal Production Field and PT-11D well drilled in Northern Negros Geothermal Project. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 236 CCOP Technical Secretariat

225 Mt. Labo, Camarines Norte/Sur (DOE-PNOC-EDC) Area Coverage = 9,334 has Date Awarded = March 14, Tiwi-Albay, Camarines N./S. (NPC-PGI) Area Coverage = 17,661 has Date Awarded = Sept. 10, 1971 Total Inst. Cap. = 330 MWe Mak-Ban, Laguna (NPC-PGI) Area Coverage = 162,000 has Date Awarded = Feb. 21, 1973 Total Inst. Cap. = MWe Bac-Man, Sorsogon/Albay (DOE-PNOC-EDC) Area Coverage = 31,300 has Date Awarded = Oct. 16, 1981 Total Inst. Cap. = MWe N. Negros/Negros Occ. (DOE-PNOC-EDC) Area Coverage = 4,310 has Date Awarded = March 24, Palinpinon, Negros Or. (DOE-PNOC-EDC) Area Coverage = 133,000 has Date Awarded = Oct. 16, 1981 Total Inst. Cap. = MWe Tongonan, Leyte (DOE-PNOC-EDC) Area Coverage = 107,625 has Date Awarded = May Total Inst. Cap. = MWe Mt. Cabalian, So. Leyte (DOE-PNOC-EDC) Area Coverage = 4,200 has Date Awarded = Jan. 13, Mt. Apo, N. Cotabato/Davao (DOE-PNOC-EDC) Area Coverage = 701 has Date Awarded = March 24, 1992 Total Inst. Cap. = MWe Contracts Coal A total of four Coal Operating Contracts (COC) were awarded to three companies during the second semester of 2005 for the exploration of coal resources in the country. Two contracts were awarded to Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) and one each for Visayas Multi-Minerals Mining and Trading Corporation and Monte Oro Resources and Energy, Inc. Meanwhile, one Development and Production (D/P) contract was awarded to Calatrava Coal Multipurpose Cooperative during the first semester of 2006 increasing the total number of COC contracts issued to 36. Production For the period from July 2005 to June 2006, coal production reached the three-million ton mark. The 3,123,483 metric tons of run-of-mine coal output was attained with the consistent increase in production by the country s major coal producers, Semirara Mining Corporation and PNOC-Taiwan Overseas Mining Corporation (TOMC) together with the starting-up of MG Mining in Mindanao and the steady coal production of small-scale coal mining permittees across the country. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 237 CCOP Technical Secretariat

226 Philippine Energy Contracting Round 2005 (PECR 2005) The Department of Energy conducted PECR 2005 with support from the USAID s Energy and Clean Air Project under its Investment Promotion for Sustainable Development of Indigenous Energy Resources program. The bid round offered four offshore areas in shallow to deep waters within the prospective Southwest Palawan, East Palawan and Sulu Sea Basins for petroleum exploration. For geothermal, two areas offered in the bid round are under negotiation with PNOC- EDC. These are new fields in the provinces of Biliran and Amacan in Leyte. 3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 3.A. Groundwater Resource Assessment 3.A.1. Summary Groundwater Resource Assessment is a regular on-going program in support of the government s thrust to provide sources of safe and dependable water supply in the entire country. Hydrogeological and georesistivity surveys were conducted in specific areas (barangays/municipalities) to assess and delineate potential groundwater supply sources. 3.A.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The main objective of Groundwater Resource Assessment is to delineate potential groundwater supply sources in the country. While the MGB conduct hydrogeological and resistivity surveys in areas targeted under its work program, surveys were also conducted upon the request of Local Government Units for their local water supply projects. However, there is generally no systematic approach to study the groundwater system in the country. This is due mainly to budgetary constraint as well as lack of equipment and trained personnel. For the period July 2005 to June 2006, the MGB Central Office and Regional Offices covered 35,500 hectares nationwide as presented in Table 1 below. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 238 CCOP Technical Secretariat

227 Table 1 Groundwater Resource Assessment Accomplishments (July 2005 to June 2006) Region Accomplishment (hectares covered) CO 5,000 CAR 3, , , A 500 4B , , , ,000 Total 35,500 The present program may be effective in the government s immediate objective of providing water supply but a systematic approach will be beneficial in the long term. 3.A.3. Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities A long term Regional Groundwater Assessment Program should be implemented considering the inherent technical assistance it has been providing the LGUs. The Regional Assessment will include the intensive collection and storage of water data in databases for easy retrieval and analysis, the delineation of groundwater basins and aquifer characterization, etc. This will require funding, technical experts for the training of personnel and acquisition of the necessary field and office equipment. Currently, most of Geological Survey personnel of the MGB who are undertaking surveys, are mainly involved in the Geohazard Mapping Project. 3.B. Groundwater Monitoring (National Groundwater Data Collection Network) 3.B.1. Summary The World Bank-funded National Groundwater Data Collection Network Project envisioned a nationwide network of monitoring wells to provide data on the country s groundwater resources. Three pilot monitoring wells were established in Angeles City in Luzon, Bacolod City in Visayas, and Butuan City in Mindanao in Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 239 CCOP Technical Secretariat

228 3.B.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The three pilot monitoring wells are being maintained and operated jointly by MGB Regional Office personnel and local well owners (abandoned wells of Water Districts/Private Utility Companies). The monitoring wells are equipped with automatic water level/conductivity/temperature. The data recorded are downloaded at least twice a year. The three (3) automatic recorders installed are currently providing continuous data on water level, temperature and conductivity. The recorders are expensive and funds are not available locally to expand the network to realize its full potential. 3.B.3. Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Future activities in this program depend on the availability of funds specifically for equipment acquisition to establish more monitoring stations. This program can be integrated with the proposed long term Regional Groundwater Assessment Program. 4. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME 4.1. Summary GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR As a component project/activity of the National Geohazard Mapping and Assessment Program of the MGB, the Marine Geological Survey Division carried out seabottom topographic measurements, beach profiling, and sediment sampling along the coastal municipalities of the provinces of Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Albay, and Sorsogon in the Bicol Region and the provinces of Quezon and Aurora. This project is an essential aspect of the Monitoring Program for documenting changes in shoreline configuration which will eventually delineate areas of deposition and erosion. Information and education campaign seminars among the coastal barangay residents, concentrating on coastal and marine geohazards, were likewise conducted Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Considered as among the priority areas for geohazard assessment that the MGB had programmed for implementation for the year , beach profiling and seabottom topographic measurements were undertaken along the coastal municipalities of General Nakar, Infanta, and Real in Quezon Province and Baler in Aurora Province and Camarines Sur in the Bicol Region during the last quarter of Similar activities were carried out in Camarines Norte, Albay, and Sorsogon in May-June The beach profiles were established using Handheld GPS, calibrated metered rods and tapes. A total of 14 beach profiles were established in Aurora, 19 in Quezon, 40 in Camarines Norte, 105 in Albay and Sorsogon and 15 in Camarines Sur. For the seabottom topographic survey, the Bathy 1500 Echo Sounder equipment system was utilized. An aggregate offshore area of about 111,272 hectares was covered representing 1,016 line kilometers of seabottom topography. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 240 CCOP Technical Secretariat

229 The established coastal profile lines or transect line stations will constitute the baseline data and will be reoccupied, at a different season, for monitoring any gradual or abrupt changes in topography or coastal morphology and eventually for quantifying the rate of sediment built-up or loss. Aside from the above activities, coastal geomorphological mapping, sediment sampling, photo documentation, gathering of historical and anecdotal accounts were also conducted. A significant aspect of the project is the promotion of awareness on coastal geohazards among the coastal populace specifically at the barangay levels. This was done through Information and Education Campaign lecture presentations/ seminars about the different kinds of coastal geohazards with emphasis on the local setting or situation/condition in the project area, their causes and effects, and the recommended preventive and/or mitigation measures. On-site field assessment had disclosed potential geohazards in the study areas in the form of coastal erosion, coastal flooding,and storm surges, among others. The final outputs of the coastal zone geohazard survey will be translated into maps indicating the degree of vulnerability or susceptibility of the coastal areas to a particular geohazard. These maps will be useful to the local community policy makers and land use planners Proposed Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities As a vital component of the Coastal Zone Monitoring Program, reoccupation of coastal sites previously occupied are scheduled to be undertaken at relatively different time/seasons to determine any changes in coastal morphology or configuration. Alongside the identification and mapping of areas critically vulnerable/susceptible to coastal geohazards, the required equipment such as laser range finders, global positioning system for marine surveys, shallow seismic reflection equipment system, and ground penetrating radar are being proposed for acquisition and possibly through the technical support and assistance from the CCOP. 5. GEOHAZARDS PROGRAMME 5.1. Summary The National Geohazards Mapping Programme of the MGB aims to generate information on the vulnerability of certain areas to various types of geologic and natural hazards and make this basic information available to authorities responsible for physical framework and land use planning, land use classification and allocation, project development and disaster preparedness, management and mitigation. Geohazard assessments were conducted in several priority municipalities to identify areas prone to flooding, landslides, subsidence and liquefaction. Activites likewise included the preparation of geohazard maps and reports, and the formulation and initiation of an Information and Education Campaign at the grass root levels. Specific study areas included Southern Leyte in the Visayas, Cagayan and Isabela in Luzon, and Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, and Agusan del Norte in Mindanao. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 241 CCOP Technical Secretariat

230 5.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The regular activities for the Geohazards Mapping Programme of the MGB, such as assessing site specific geohazards, included activities at six (6) sites. Early this year, 2006, the MGB, particularly the Lands Geological Survey Division, started implementing the National Geohazard Mapping Program under its supplemental budget to fast-track landslide and flood hazard assessment predominantly in the eastern Philippine seaboard. A series of field studies were carried out employing geologists from the MGB Regional Offices to boost the manpower requirement and expedite program implementation. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 242 CCOP Technical Secretariat

231 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 243 CCOP Technical Secretariat

232 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 244 CCOP Technical Secretariat

233 The geohazard assessment program for the year started after the tragedy brought by the series of landslides in Southern Leyte early this year followed by the massive Guinsaugon landslide in February. An initial undertaking was the geohazard assessment of the Southern Leyte province including Panaon Island. This was immediately followed by the assessment of the rest of Leyte Island (Leyte Province) and Biliran Island. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) extended assistance specifically through donation of needed equipment in the assessment of Leyte and Biliran Islands. A total of 65 municipalities covering 1,170 barangays were covered. Each of the barangays covered was assessed for the susceptibility to landslides and flooding/flashflooding. The final outputs are thematic (landslides and flooding) geohazard maps on a scale of 1:50,000. For the Leyte and Biliran, a total of 17 quadrangle maps were completed. The geohazard assessment of Leyte and Biliran Islands culminated in three successful province-wide Information and Education Campaigns (IEC s), i.e., in Maasin (for Southern Leyte), Ormoc (for Biliran) and Tacloban City (for Leyte Province). The IEC s served as venues to explain to the LGU s concerned about the results of the work done in the said provinces. Based on the results of the mapping conducted, the MGB identified critical/susceptible areas for landslides and flooding and it is hoped that this would heighten public awareness on geohazards so that tragedies similar to the Guinsaugon incident would be prevented from happening in the future. During the later part of June 2006, two teams of geologists from the MGB Central and Regional Offices were also dispatched to continue the conduct of geohazard assessment in Luzon and Mindanao. One of the groups was deployed in Luzon to cover selected municipalities in Cagayan and Isabela, and the other to work in Mindanao to cover municipalities of Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, and Agusan del Norte. Seminars/workshops were also conducted on disaster preparedness for the concerned Local Government Units particularly at the barangay levels Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Aside from the priority areas targeted for the second half of 2006 and for 2007, the MGB is now into a collaborative project for geohazard mapping. It will involve a number of government agencies. The National Disaster Coordinating Council will act as the overall project coordinator. The first phase of geohazard mapping will be done at 1:50,000 scale per priority province/area. Phase two will focus on the priority area and geohazard mapping will be done at 1:10,000 scale. The task of MGB is to produce Rain-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Maps. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 245 CCOP Technical Secretariat

234 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 6.1. Summary Under Republic Act (RA) 9003 of 2002 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), the MGB was mandated to provide assistance to LGUs in the selection and evaluation of suitable solid waste disposal (SWD) sites. The criteria used for selecting suitable SWD sites are contained in RA 9003 and its IRR contained in DENR Administrative Order Nos & Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The criteria for SWD site selection generally requires an ocular inspection although MGB technical personnel consider other parameters like ground stability and groundwater vulnerability in their evaluation. A total of 119 sites were evaluated as shown in Table 2 below for the 12-month period. Proposed SWD sites evaluated were selected by the concerned LGUs. Table 2 Solid Waste Disposal Sites Evaluated Region No. Sites Evaluated CAR A 5 4B TOTAL Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Technical experts are needed to conduct workshops/seminars among concerned MGB personnel with the aim to standardize the manner of reporting in the evaluation and selection of suitable solid waste disposal sites throughout the country. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 246 CCOP Technical Secretariat

235 GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEODATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 7.1. Summary Databases being maintained and enhanced at the Geological Database and Information Systems Section of Lands Geological Survey Division of the MGB are the following: 1. Meta Data on Geological Quadrangle Maps 2. Geological Bibliography System (GEOBIBS) 3. Geohazard Status of the Philippines 4. Mineral Resources Database System 7.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes / Activities The Meta Data on Geological Quadrangle Maps is still under a debugging phase. Debugging is done simultaneously with data encoding. Enhancements are slow due to other priority projects of the MGB. Enhancements include the following 1. Redesign of Graphical User Interface 2. Reconstruction of macros and procedures The GEOBIBS is continuously being updated and compilation of submitted entries from the MGB Regional Offices is being finalized. Records including those from the MGB Central Office are now on the database. The most active database being updated is the Geohazard Status of the Philippines. There are two sections of this database: Status by municipalities and Status by quadrangle maps. Assessment is updated every month as the gathered field data are submitted at the end of each field survey operation. This database is designed in a GIS platform and can be linked through a common field or by a common geographic attribute with the other existing databases. Currently, the records contain 1,623 municipalities, which is the total number of municipalities in the Philippines. Out of this, assessed municipalities to date total 674. Querying by geographic attribute to identify which areas are most prone to hazards can be done using GIS manipulations. When linked with the Meta Data on Geological Quadrangle Maps, the type of geology related to geological hazards can be identified using the same GIS manipulations. The Mineral Resources Database System is the newest database to be designed this year. The first module that includes Entity and Table definition is currently being completed. This database is linked to a common field with the Ore Reserve database being constructed by the Mining Technology Division of the MGB. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 247 CCOP Technical Secretariat

236 This database is formerly designed in cooperation with the Global Mineral Resource Assessment Project (GMRAP) spearheaded by USGS. This contains records of porphyry copper deposits in the Philippines. The design of this database is done under commercial software promoted by the project. This will eventually be converted to MS Access format Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities The fast changing formats of databases found in commercial software presents a threat to the design of existing databases. It is necessary that independent developable software should be established. This should also be compatible with a GIS environment since most of the MGB databases are being used for GIS analysis. In this matter, training on software development is necessary to create independent database systems. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 248 CCOP Technical Secretariat

237 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of Thailand Submitted by Delegation of Thailand (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 249 CCOP Technical Secretariat

238 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: THAILAND Period: 1 July June MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR During the reporting period, the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) carried out the final phase of the Mineral Exploration and Evaluation Project in one mineral potential area. DMR also carried out two other geological exploration projects in Phang- Nga bay and Songkha Lake Watershed Area in Southern Thailand. For international cooperation in minerals, DMR and the Department of Geology and Mines (DGM) of Lao PDR conduct a joint survey of geology and mineral resources in Lao PDR as well as development of the rock and mineral museum of Lao PDR for public outreach. Two research projects concerning gemstones were also carried out Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Mineral Exploration and Evaluation Project This project was initiated in 1999 and implemented by subcontracting private exploration companies to carry out the exploration work supervised by the Department of Mineral Resources. The project aims to speed up exploration for minerals in areas of high mineral potential thus assisting integrated natural resources management. The final phase of the project has been exploration in the Chiang Khong mineral potential areas in northern Thailand. Potential resources of gold and base metals are expected to be discovered Thai-Lao Technical Cooperation in Geology and Mineral Resources Project The Department of Mineral Resources of Thailand carried out the following activities under the programme of Thai-Lao Technical Cooperation in Geology and Mineral Resources which commenced in 2004 : 1:200,000 geological mapping in Map sheets E47-B XXIV and E47-B XVIII (Phase I Area). Landsat imagery interpretation in Map sheets E-48-D, XXXIII, XXXIV, D-48-B, IV, X, XVI (Phase II Area). Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 251 CCOP Technical Secretariat

239 Mineral Exploration and Scientific Researches DMR carried out a mineral exploration project in Phang-Nga bay during March- April A shallow high resolution seismic reflection survey was conducted in Phang- Nga Bay, covering an area approximately 1,000 km 2. A total distance of 1,000 linekilometer of boat track was surveyed. The results indicate that an economic tin deposit area of about 65 sq.km. is located in the north-western part of the study area. The tin bearing sediment layer averages 5 m thick, m below sea level. A total reserve of tin mineral of 35,000 tons with a cut of grade of 50 g/cu. m is estimated. In addition, DMR carried out research projects on (1) Heat treatment of Sapphires from Ilakaka-Sakaraha, Madagascar and (2) The Genesis of Siamese Ruby related to Basaltic Rocks in Eastern Thailand. (Ref: Rak Hansawek, Technical Support and Development Division, Bureau of Mineral Resources, DMR, Tel , Fax ). A seminar on quality enhancement of ruby and sapphire by heat treatment was organized on 21 September 2005 in Bangkok Mining and Prospecting Licenses Granting During the review period, the Department of Primary Industries and Mines, Ministry of Industry has granted 6 mining licenses for kaolin, industrial rocks (limestone and perlite) to the concessionaires and 36 mineral prospecting licenses for zinc, nickel-copperchromite, iron, cassiterite, wolframite, manganese, fluorite, feldspar, coal, gypsumanhydrite and kaolin Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Develop a similar project for the mineral programme as the CCOP PPM Project. Application software and training for economic modeling of mineral exploration projects and mineral resources management. 2. ENERGY PROGRAMME 2.1. Summary A total of 11,063 km 2 of 3D seismic survey was carried out, and 38 exploration wells were drilled in the Central Plain and the Gulf of Thailand. Four wells were drilled in the southern and the northern onshore basin of Thailand for the coal-bed methane project. At the end of 2005, Thailand s preliminary proved petroleum reserves as reported by the concessionaires consisted of trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of natural gas, million barrels (MMbbl) of condensate and MMbbl of crude oil. The probable reserves stood at Tcf of natural gas, MMbbl of condensate and MMbbl of crude oil. The possible reserves amounted to 9.55 Tcf of natural gas, MMbbl of condensate and MMbbl of crude oil. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 252 CCOP Technical Secretariat

240 Thailand s crude oil production rate during the period July 2005 to the end of June 2006 was approximately 130,437 barrels per day. This was almost 35% higher than the previous year. The natural gas production showed a slight increase of about 5%. It was about 2,200 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscpfd) in 2005 and about 2,366 mmscfpd in 2006 over the same period. Condensate production also rose from last year to about 72,455 barrels per day. The onshore crude oil production is approximately 20% of the total amount while the majority of natural gas is from the gulf of Thailand. Even though the amount of recent year s production has increased, it fulfilled only 48% of the domestic demand. Coal is still being used at the rate of 25 million tons per annum while the domestic coal can supply only 18 million tons. The total coal consumption in Thailand is almost the same amount as last year while coal imports are 26% higher Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities a) Petroleum Concessions In the 19 th Bidding Round, a total of 25 concession blocks have been applied for July 2005 June Of these, 10 blocks are located in the Gulf of Thailand, 3 blocks in the Andaman Sea and 13 blocks in the onshore basins. Details of the petroleum license applications (PLA) are shown in Table 1, Figure 1 and Figure 2. The Ministry of Energy, by virtue of resolution of the cabinet, issued 3 Petroleum concessions to Thai Energy/Total/PTTEP (Thailand) Ltd. (G12/48), PTTEP (Thailand) Ltd./Chevron Pattani (G9/48) and Chevron Pattani (G4/48). 7 concession blocks are in the process of being submitted to the cabinet for approval, namely G10/48 (Pearl/Horizon/Tha Na Oil), G1/48 (Syarikat/Occidental), L21/48, L28/48, L29/48 (PTTEP Siam), Apico(L13/48) and JSX Energy (L17/48). 15 blocks, namely L1/48, L2/48, L7/48, L3/48, L9/48, L53/48, G2/48, G3/48, G6/48, A4/48, A5/48, A6/48, G11/48, L39/48 and L25/48 are being considered by the Department of Mineral Fuels. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 253 CCOP Technical Secretariat

241 Table 1. Applied offshore and onshore petroleum concession blocks, July 2005 June 2006 No. BLOCK NAME LOCATION OPERATOR 1 G1/48 Gulf of Thailand Syarikat-Occidental 2 G2/48 Gulf of Thailand Pearl Oil Esarn 3 G3/48 Gulf of Thailand Northern Gulf 4 G4/48 Gulf of Thailand Chevron Pattani 5 G6/48 Gulf of Thailand Occidental 6 G9/48 Gulf of Thailand PTTEP (Thailand) / Chevron Pattani 7 G10/48 Gulf of Thailand Pearl / Horizon / Tana Oil 8 G11/48 Gulf of Thailand PTTEP Offshore, Pearl Oil Bangkok / Horizon Oil (Siam) / Tana Resources 9 G12/48 Gulf of Thailand Thaienergy / Total / PTTEP (Thailand) 10 A4/48 Andaman Sea PTTEP Offshore 11 A5/48 Andaman Sea PTTEP Offshore / Mitra Energy 12 A6/48 Andaman Sea PTTEP Offshore / Mitra Energy 13 L1/48 Nan basin Tic Energy 14 L2/48 Nan basin Tic Energy 15 L3/48 Li basin JSX Energy 16 L9/48 Li basin JSX Energy 17 L7/48 Sakon Nakorn basin Tic Energy 18 L13/48 Sakon Nakorn basin Apico 19 L17/48 Mae Sod basin JSX Energy 20 L21/48 Khorat Plateau PTTEP Siam 21 L28/48 Khorat Plateau PTTEP Siam 22 L29/48 Khorat Plateau PTTEP Siam 23 L39/48 Khorat Plateau Adani Port 24 L25/48 Kampaeng Phet basin Adani Port 25 L53/48 Suphanburi basin Pan Orient b) New Petroleum Production Area Applications (PAA) During the review period, 9 new production area applications (PAA) have been awarded licenses. Of these, 7 areas are located in the Gulf of Thailand and 2 areas are onshore. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 254 CCOP Technical Secretariat

242 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 255 CCOP Technical Secretariat Figure 1. Bidding Areas map G LLL A A L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea). /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. / Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17, ,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19, ,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996

243 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 256 CCOP Technical Secretariat G LLL AAA AAA L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Areas open for bidding) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Onshore) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name) (Block Name).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.).. (Area in sq km.) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Held Acreage) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Deep Andaman Sea) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Gulf of Thailand) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea) (Shallow Andaman Sea). /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. /. / Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Map No. P. 91/2005 Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Attached to the Announcement of the Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Submit Applications for Onshore and Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Offshore Petroleum Concession Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Ministry of Energy on the invitation to Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Kilometers Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia Indonesia North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North North Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Andaman Sea Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels Department of Mineral Fuels June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 June 17, 2005 Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Union of Myanmar Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Laos Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia Malaysia MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 MTJDA1979 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Thai-1997 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 Claimed 1971 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 CambodiaClaimed1972 Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Gulf of Thailand Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia- Cambodia ThaiClaimed1973 ThaiClaimed1973 ThaiClaimed1973 ThaiClaimed1973 ThaiClaimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 Thai Claimed1973 ThaiClaimed1973 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A1/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A3/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A2/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A5/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 A6/48 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 14,160 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 17,660 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 19,920 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 25,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 23,270 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G7/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G8/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G9/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G4/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G5/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G3/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G2/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G12/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G11/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 G10/48 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17, ,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 11,800 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19,040 19, ,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 13,600 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 18,780 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L21/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 L5/48 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 3,879 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 A4/48 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 20,280 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G1/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 G6/48 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 17,610 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 2,280 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L2/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L3/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L9/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L10/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L11/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L12/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L13/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L14/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L18/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L19/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L20/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L22/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L23/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L25/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L26/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L27/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L28/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L29/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L30/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L31/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L32/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L35/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L36/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L37/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L38/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L39/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L40/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L41/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L42/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L43/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L45/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L46/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L47/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L53/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L54/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L55/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L56/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L57/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L58/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L61/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L63/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L1/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L4/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L6/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L7/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L8/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L15/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L16/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L24/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L33/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L34/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L44/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L52/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L51/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L50/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L49/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L48/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L59/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L60/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L62/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L64/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 L17/48 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 3,905 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 1,981 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,921 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,439 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,934 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,978 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,948 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,962 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,975 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,987 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,997 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,999 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,877 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 3,230 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 2,530 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,307 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 3,875 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 1,659 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 3,926 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 1,888 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 2,189 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 3,929 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 1,973 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,940 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,780 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,608 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,799 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,690 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 3,908 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 2,795 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,958 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,285 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,665 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 3,996 JSX JSX Energy Energy L17/48 L17/48 Apico Apico L13/48 L13/48 Chevron Pattani G4/48 Chevron Chevron Pattani Pattani G4/48 G4/48 PTTEP (Thailand)/Chevron Pattani G9/48 PTTEP (Thailand) PTTEP (Thailand)/Chevron Chevron Pattani Pattani G9/48 G9/48 Thaienergy/Total/ PTTEP (Thailand) G12/48 Thaienergy Thaienergy/Total Total/ PTTEP PTTEP (Thailand Thailand) G12/48 G12/48 Adani Adani port port L25/48 L39/48 L25/48 L39/48 Pan Pan Orient Orient L53/48 L53/48 Occidental Occidental G6/48 G6/48 Syarikat Syarikat/Occidental Occidental G1/48 G1/48 PTTEP Siam PTTEP Siam L21/48 L21/48 L28/48 L28/48 L29/48 L29/48 Pearl Pearl/Horizon Horizon/ Tana Tana Oil Oil G10/48 G10/48 Mitra Mitra Energy Energy A5/48 A6/48 A5/48 A6/48 Pearl Oil Pearl Oil Esarn Esarn G2/48 G2/48 PTTEP PTTEP Offshore Offshore A4/48 A5/48 A6/48 A4/48 A5/48 A6/48 G11/48 G11/48 Wait for cabinet submitting. Wait for cabinet Wait for cabinet submitting submitting. DMF team Considering DMF team Considering DMF team Considering Northern Gulf Northern Gulf G3/48 G3/48 Pearl Oil Bangkok Pearl Oil Bangkok/Horizon Horizon Oil (Siam Oil (Siam)/ )/ Tana Tana Resources Resources G11/48 G11/48 JSX Energy JSX Energy L3/48 L9/48 L3/48 L9/48 TIC Energy TIC Energy L1/48 L2/48 L7/48 L1/48 L2/48 L7/48 The 19 The 19 th th bidding round (2005) bidding round (2005) Figure 2. The 19 th bidding round (2005) c) Exploration and Production activities During the reporting period, there were not much activity for geophysical exploration though some 3D seismic surveys were conducted in both onshore and offshore areas. Pacific Tiger conducted 570 km 2 of 3D seismic survey in the central part of Thailand and Pearl Oil and Chevron conducted 3D seismic survey covering 10,493 km 2 in the Gulf of Thailand. There is no report of any magnetic and gravity surveys during the reporting period. Exploration and Production wells are as follows: 38 exploration wells have been reported from July 2005 to the end of June wells were drilled in the onshore basins and 32 wells drilled in the Gulf of Thailand. Development wells have been documented for 547 wells. Of these, 67 wells were drilled in the onshore while 480 wells were drilled in the Gulf of Thailand. The production of natural gas was 2,366 million standard cubic feet a day (mmscbfd) The condensate production was approximately 72,456 barrel per day (bbl/d), 4% higher than last year for the same review period. The crude oil production was about 130,437 bbl/d and increased about 39% from last year.

244 In term of Crude Oil Equivalence, Thailand produced an average daily rate of about 579,000 barrels oil equivalent (approximately 36%) and imported 1,003,000 barrels, which is approximately 48% of domestic consumption. Table 3. Drilling and Production Activities Drilling Production Exploration (Wells) Development (Wells) Gas (mmscbfd*) Condensate (bcpd**) Oil (bopd***) ,366 72, ,437 * mmscbfd : million standard cubic feet per day ** bcpd : barrel of condensate per day *** bopd : barrel of oil per day Table 4. Geophysical Activities Geophysical Activities 3D seismic (sq. km.) 2D seismic (km.) Gravity (line-km) 11, d) Coalbed Methane (CBM) Project and others Responding to the government s policy in terms of sustainable energy, the Coalbed Methane (CBM) project has been carried out in 3 coal basins, namely the Mae Sod, Mae Lamao and Khiansa basins. The Mae Sod and Mae La Mao basins are located in northern Thailand while the Khiansa basin is located in the south. The Department of Mineral Fuels subcontracted ATOP Technology Company and Chiang Mai University to carry out CBM studies in the Mae Sod Basin and Mae La Mao Basin respectively. The drilling results for 5 wells indicated that they were not successful. Another, the Khiansa basin has been subcontracted to SVS ENERGY RESOURCES CO., LTD., Thai s new petroleum company that was selected for CBM study since July Four wells have been drilled but with unsuccessful output due to relatively thin and split coal seams. Despite the present unsuccessful results, CBM is still expected to be one of the alternative sources of the country s energy. Under the collaboration of the Department of Mineral Fuels (DMF) and the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT), the Oil Shale Project in Mae Sod basin, Tak Province and the CBM project in Fang basin, Chiang Mai Province were studied in The objectives of the study are to determine the reserves and quality and to establish guidelines for future development of Oil Shale and CBM in term of alternative energy Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities a) Marginal field development is to understand various factors constituting marginal fields. It will be useful to have the same guidance to understand marginal fields and the way to promote them to be economical fields. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 257 CCOP Technical Secretariat

245 b) Petroleum reserve audit. To exchange experiences of the governing bodies in different countries in their petroleum reserves audit. c) Offshore petroleum platform decommissioning. To learn how to minimize the effects of decommissioning platform activities. d) Petroleum field unitized development. To learn the techniques of how to manage and operate the petroleum resources from shared reservoirs and/or facilities. e) Thin sand reservoir development. To gain new techniques that can be applied to multi-layered thin sand reservoirs. f) Using GeoX on undertaking new prospect evaluation applied to the basins in Thailand and to run economic analysis of field s potential Others Thailand, by DMF submitted a paper entitled Coalbed Methane Potential Assessment, New Project in Thailand (Mae La Mao, Mae Sod and Khiansa Basins) to the thematic session of CCOP Annual Session in Daejeon, Korea, 29 Oct. - 3 Nov GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 3.1. Summary In Thailand, the main groundwater activities are under provision of the Department of Groundwater resources (DGR) which has been established since 2002 under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The DGR s main activities concern managing groundwater supply system for rural areas all over the country, as well as carrying out the study, research and control of groundwater usage in Bangkok metropolitan and suburban areas Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The lists of on-going projects in the review period are as follows: Control and inspection of groundwater activities all over the country. Master Plan of Groundwater Management and Development. Training and seminars on groundwater for DGR s officials. Groundwater contaminated from domestication aquatic animals at Sating Phra Basin, Songkha Province, Southern Thailand. Study and research on groundwater potential assessment in order to support the Royal development projects in mountain areas Groundwater potential assessment and development in tsunami affected areas, Southern Thailand. Development and conservation of groundwater at Songkha Basin. Training and dissemination in groundwater development for local authorities. National groundwater quality analysis. The study of groundwater potential assessment in Mon-Chi river basin. Feasibility and detailed design of artificial recharge into aquifer at Eastern Coastal Area. Feasibility and detailed design of underground dam at Samui Island. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 258 CCOP Technical Secretariat

246 4. COASTAL ZONE PROGRAMME 4.1. Summary GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR Coastal zone management by using geological knowledge is still the main objective of the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) due to the increasing coastal erosion problems in Thailand and the December, 2004, Tsunami and its consequential effects Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities The Department of Mineral Resources plays a significant role in the use of coastal geological understanding to alleviate the tsunami effects. Andaman coastline erosion problems, caused by the 2004 tsunami, are being monitored for 2 years to find the best techniques to restore the beaches into good condition. Geological resources, such as old beach sand and marine sand, have been investigated. Seafloor bathymetry and land topography of selected Andaman Coastal areas of Thailand have already been surveyed and the results will be used to create the numerical model to predict future tsunami effects. Also, the Paleo-tsunami sediment study in Thailand was initiated this year, and will bring about more understanding about the incidence or the return period of tsunami in the region. Moreover, coastal environmental geological information studied by Thai geologists of DMR was applied to create better-informed coastal land use planning in the tsunamieffected areas. In addition, many kinds of books and booklets were provided to the local people and tourists to improve public understanding about tsunami. Coastal erosion problems in Thailand increase both in degree and the amount of effected areas. A coastal erosion monitoring programme has continued this year to keep watch on areas with high rates of erosion both in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Coastline. As a result of the programme on the solution of coastal erosion problems for the southern coast of Thailand, DMR will work together with the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR) and the Local Administrative Office to put solutions into operation. Coastal geological and coastal change studies are being conducted in many areas of Thailand for various purposes; for example the study of coastal change in Songkla Lake coastal areas and the study of sand dunes in Prachuabkirikan and Chumporn provinces, Southern Thailand Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities A conference on Coastal Erosion Mitigation in Thailand hosted by DMR will be held in Bangkok on December 12-15, 2006 in cooperation with CCOP, the University of Tokyo and the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR). The consultant experts are required to assist in the study of tsunami effects in the coastal area of Thailand and the paleo-tsunami sediment investigation. Also, specialists on coastal erosion are needed, especially specialists in coastal engineering, and the means of soft engineering solutions for coastal erosion problem mitigation. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 259 CCOP Technical Secretariat

247 5. GEOHAZARDS PROGRAMME 5.1. Summary During the past three decades, many geohazard events have occurred and made slight to severe impacts in many regions of Thailand, e.g., landslides with flash floods, tsunami, earthquakes sinkhole and cave collapses and coastal erosion. To avoid severe impacts and minimize life and property losses, the DMR has considered that public awareness and people participation are crucial to communities at high risk from geohazards Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Unfortunately, during May 2006, a strong tropical depression zone overlaid the southern part of the northern region of the Thailand, covering several provinces, including Uttraradit, Prae, Lampang, Sukhothai, and Nan and their vicinities. It caused moderate to heavy precipitation from time to time in those localities. This triggered huge landslides in 3 provinces including Uttraradit, Prae and Sukhothai. Villagers in the landslide prone areas encountered the severe impact from landslides with flash flood in the early morning of 23 May It was a further tragedy for Thailand with tragic loss of lives and properties in a number of villages. Landslides with flash floods destroyed more than 50 houses with a death toll of 87 persons. Since then the strong depression storms still exist in the north region and some areas in the south. Later there were more small landslides, and soil detachment locally occurred on the high hill slope in many areas of the country. During the current year a few measurable earthquakes were felt in the north and northwest provinces of the country. Recently, small and medium intensity earthquakes occurred 5 times with magnitudes ranging from 3.7 to 5.0 (Richter scale), at pm. on 27 September am. on 28 September 2006, centered in Myanmar near the west border of Thailand. Such felt shaking caused panic to the people in Prachupkirikhan province, located on the southeast coast. The DMR had therefore sent a geohazard survey team to quake sensitive areas to collect data about their impacts and make maps of shaking intensity around those areas. Also the DMR personnel suggested advise to local people on self-preservation procedures in order to save their lives and avoid injury during earthshaking. Due to many incidents of various geohazards affecting people in risk areas during the past decades, the DMR has therefore accelerated the program on disseminating knowledge about geohazards to the public. In particular, the program has placed emphasis on dissemination of geohazard knowledge and risk information for those geohazards most commonly occurring in Thailand. In this regard, how to live in geohazard risk areas with the least risk is very important to the local people. With adequate knowledge on each type of geohazard, the people can be aware of the dangers and prepare themselves for prevention and mitigation. The local people in risk areas have obtained knowledge on how each geohazard type originates and got a better understanding on causative factors and when such events are likely to occur in susceptible areas. In training programs, the DMR has concentrated on the people participation process, particularly in procedures of observing warning signs for each type of geohazard and on self-preparedness. How geohazards originate and better understanding on causative factors of each geohazard are principally considered for the contents of publications issued by the DMR. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 260 CCOP Technical Secretariat

248 In the review period, technical programmes and activities in 5 Provinces (Nakorn Sri Thammarat, Krabi, Phayao, Uttraradit and Chanthaburi) are as follows: Landslide Probability Map had been carried out. Landslide Risk Villages Map had been defined. Geohazards awareness and warning cooperation plans in 67 networks. Training and establishment of geohazards warning networks in 269 villages. Other activities are as follows: Follow-up of established geohazards warning networks in 16 provinces. 50 announcements of landslide risk areas were issued. 6 announcements of landslide endangered and temporary evacuation areas were issued Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities A risk reduction and mitigation strategy for the country must be developed as a nationwide plan. A seminar on a strategic plan for risk reduction and geohazards mitigation should be arranged and held in the CCOP region. Experts on landslide prevention and mitigation from various countries should gather in the seminar with activities on presentation, experience exchange, open discussion, and future cooperation among CCOP Member Countries. Results from such a seminar would be very beneficial to Thailand and other CCOP member countries. If possible, the seminar would be supported by CCOP. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMME 6.1. Summary Over the review period, geological exploration for environmental management of Songkha Lake Watershed Area in Southern Thailand was carried out in Upper Part of Songkha. In addition, there were a few activities of the environmental geology programme in Three small research projects related to saline soil in northeastern Thailand were carried out Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities During October 2005 September 2006, geological survey for environmental management of Songkha Lake Watershed Area in Southern Thailand was carried out in the upper part of Songkha Lake. This is a three-year project ( ) carried out in the Middle, Upper and Lower parts of Songkhla Lake, southern Thailand. Its aim is to study the geological factors, sedimentation and distribution of metallic elements focusing on solving the problems regarding the shallowness of the Lake and environmental quality around the Lake. This work is supported by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment s project in environmental and land use planning for the community in Songkha Lake Watershed Area. DMR has performed 3 research projects in northeastern Thailand: Research on geological factors on saline soil genesis and evolution. Research on environmental impacts of solution mining of underground salt. Project on saline soil management plan in Sakon Nakorn Province. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 261 CCOP Technical Secretariat

249 GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 7. GEODATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 7.1. Summary DMR through the Mineral Resources Information Center (MRIC) is responsible for geodata and information management. DMR officials have participated in the CCOP Metadata Project since the 1 st Tsukuba meeting in After the 2 nd Daejeon meeting in 2003, adaptation of the IS Part 15 Metadata Standard was setup and applied for the digital geological maps. Moreover, 260 metadata of existing maps were committed for the project. At the end of 2003, DMR provided 293 metadata of 1:1,000,000, 1:250,000 and 1:50,000 scaled map to the project. In the 3 rd working group meeting in Bangkok on November 2005, two representatives from MRIC presented a progress report on metadata activities. Experience exchange amongst the participants was extremely valuable. Discussion for the future direction was made with commitments to continue with the activity and to extend the project. DMR committed itself to support at least 70 metadata of geological maps and thumbnails of the whole maps prevailing in the project. The Geoscience Asian Information Network (GAIN) Project is essentially an umbrella of the Metadata Project in order to establish the CCOP Metadata Clearinghouse. Therefore, DMR has automatically participated in the project. During the 3 rd Metadata Working Group meeting in 2005, the CCOP Metadata Clearinghouse was firstly showcased to the country members. The geological metadata of all countries have been stored in the server that was initially located in Japan. The clearinghouse has been designed as a web-based application. Search tools are similar to other metadata clearinghouses in the world. Whenever the Member Countries fulfill their metadata commitments, the clearinghouse is updated. DMR has participated in the Southeast Asian Network Geographic Information System (SANGIS) Project since 2001 when the project was set up as a part of the CCOP activities. The prime project objectives are to establish a database on geoscientific information datasets and publications for exchange and sharing through the web and to harmonize all relevant geoscientific information by a common standard for applicable utilization. These are composed for the SANGIS Bibliography Database. Three meetings and training sessions were arranged during the project period by which the Asia Multilingual Thesaurus for Geoscience (AMTG) was included to facilitate information exchanges in different languages. Geoscience Report and Information Dissemination Network (GRIDNet) Project, which was commenced in 2001, aimed to share and disseminate all reports and other products that were formed from the lateral or multi-lateral cooperation between donated or funded countries organizations and CCOP Member Countries within the member countries. Many geohazard mitigation projects rose after tsunami, December 26, Some have been finished within 2006 and these projects have already published reports. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 262 CCOP Technical Secretariat

250 7.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Metadata Project During 2006, DMR generated 77 new metadata of 1:50,000 scaled maps to accomplish 370 metadata in total. Meanwhile, thumbnails of geologic maps corresponding to each metadata are prepared by 2 means: The 1:1,000,000 and 1:250,000 scale maps that are officially permitted for public use are scanned and reduced to the recommended standard. The 1:50,000 scale maps that are on a process for permission are retrieved from the ArcCatalog Geoscience Asian Information Network (GAIN) Project Firstly, backup of 293 metadata that are stored in the clearinghouse were examined and updated for any mistakes and changes. Then, new 77 metadata have been generated by the same procedure as previously. Finally, thumbnails of geological maps have been created by scanned map and retrieved from data server. All metadata and thumbnails have been sent to update in the clearinghouse. Completely, 370 metadata of various scaled geological maps are ready for public service Southeast Asian Network Geographic Information System (SANGIS) Project The Thai Thesaurus for geoscientific nomenclature has been completely established. The Thesaurus can be utilized online through the web Unfortunately, the SANGIS bibliography database has not progressed. A collective publication files were accidentally erased during shifting of the new office location. However, a repeating activity is ongoing to rectify the project Geoscience Report and Information Dissemination Network (GRIDNet) Project DMR has planned to regularly send geoscience reports and information to the CCOP Technical Secretariat to be shared among the CCOP Members Geological Mapping Of a total of 830 sheets, 583 sheets of 1:50,000 scale geological map have already been completed. Among these 583 sheets, 340 sheets have been digitized and the rest of 242 sheets are on the process of digitization. For the 248 unmapped sheets, air-photo and Landsat interpretation have been carried out and digitized. A GIS package for geological data handling and searching of 1:250,000 geological maps and Landsat data (on the basis of watershed area approach) has been developed and is currently in use. In 2006, 78 sheets of 1:50,000 systematic geological mapping have been carried out. These maps will be digitized and put into the database in the near future. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 263 CCOP Technical Secretariat

251 Geo-information Project and Activities To disseminate information and knowledge of geohazards and warning systems to the public, DMR has put emphasis on the implementation of information technology. In 2006, the Geohazards Monitoring and Evaluating Project was conducted due to frequent occurrences of severe geohazards, such as landslides, earth cracks, sinkhole collapses, etc. following the December 26, 2004 tsunami. The project has been developed from the prevailing application and database by which integration of the warning system and geoinformation on the web services was implemented. Geohazards databases, a part of national geology and mineral resources database taken cared by the DMR, are mainly managed with the MS SQL Server The spatial data are created and harmonized within the geodatabase by ArcGIS desktop. Finally, web map services (WMS), initially in Thai, are administered according to the user requirements through the ArcIMS-translator to retrieve information from the data-server via the Internet ( by ArcSDE. In the DMR s geohazard monitoring network, groups of volunteers in the hazard zones can directly access and report the hazard signal/information online through the DMR website. These data are then processed in the server farm until they meet the threshold criteria. SMS messages are automatically sent to all authorized persons to announce the warning, evacuating and so on. The project will be completed and in use by the end of Due to the infrastructure, DMR is presently connected to the cyberspace over the transferred rate of 2 Mbps and intends to expand bandwidth to 3-4 Mbps in future. Finally, the English website is another case in order to highlight and express the activities, exchange information and communication to other GSOs, and the DMR website has promised to present the current and updated information for this purpose Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities a) Propose Future Activities Supporting new metadata generation and updating prevailing ones. Preparing thumbnails from well-defined map layout. Supporting up-to-date metadata and thumbnails will continue to expand utility of the clearinghouse. This is a regular activity committed for the metadata project Implementing bilingual metadata clearinghouse for online both search engine and data service will approach. It is intended to construct the clearinghouse that possesses the same feature as the CCOP Metadata Clearinghouse. This is expected to encourage all data owners publishing metadata for public purposes. Collecting and uploading all geoscientific bibliography to the database. Supporting regular task of the GRIDNet project. b) Assistance Required from CCOP Metadata-tool construction that can be embedded or imported to GIS software is needed. This is expected to facilitate operational style as a part of responsibility to all data owners Application sharing is required for the success in establishment of the clearinghouse Technical advice and knowledge transferring are also needed in order to properly manage and maintain the clearinghouse List of tasks of SANGIS Project have to expose in order to carry on the project, in case of changing new project coordinator and technical advice should be setup to complete all tasks Meeting or messaging from GRIDNet project s leader should regularly inform the progress among the coordinators. Otherwise, misunderstanding will occur. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 264 CCOP Technical Secretariat

252 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Member Country Report of Submitted by Delegation of (For Agenda Item 3) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 265 CCOP Technical Secretariat

253 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: VIETNAM Period: 1 July June MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR In the period from July 2005 to June 2006, the Department of Geology and Minerals of has implemented many activities related with the Minerals program of the Georesources Sector, consisting of geological survey and mineral resources investigations at 1: 50,000 scale in North Da Lat, Tanh Linh, Trung Khanh, Lai Chau map sheet groups, and assessment of some minerals in various areas of the Central region and the Northern mountainous region of Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities a) 1/50,000 geological survey and mineral investigation A report, ''Geological survey and mineral investigation at 1/50,000 scale of North Da Lat sheet group, was completed. A geological map and other associated maps and schemes have been compiled, covering 2,000 km 2. Forty-two mineral deposits and occurrences have been plotted on the map and described in the report, of which 25 mineral occurrences were new discoveries. On the basis of geological criteria and mineral evidence, 21 areas of different degrees of prospectively have been delineated. The report on the project " Geological mapping and mineral investigation at 1/50,000 of Tanh Linh map sheet group was accomplished. A geological map and associating maps at 1/50,000 scale have been compiled covering 2,015 km 2. Forty-eight mineral deposits, ore occurrences and mineral indications have been plotted on the map and described in detail in the report, of which 35 are new discoveries. The report ''Geological mapping and mineral survey at 1/ scale of Trung Khanh map sheet group was completed. As a result, a geological map and associating maps at 1/50,000 scale have been compiled covering 1,405 km 2. Thirty-eight mineral deposits, ore occurrences and mineral indications have been plotted on the map and described in detail in the report, of which 19 are new discoveries. The study area has been divided into 37 zones with different degrees of prospect. Three manganese ore bearing stratigraphic horizon have been identified (D 3 -C 1, D 3, C 1 ). Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 267 CCOP Technical Secretariat

254 The report ''Geological mapping and mineral survey at 1/50,000 scale of Lai Chau map sheet group was completed with the compilation of a geological map and associated maps at 1/50,000 scale covering 2,405 km 2. Fifty-four mineral deposits, ore occurrences and mineral indications, of which 39 are new discoveries, have been plotted on the map and described in detail in the report. Seven highly prospective copper ore bearing areas have been delineated. b) Assessment of solid mineral potential In the report "Assessment of gold ore in Nham area, A Luoi district, Thua Thien - Hue province", four areas with gold mineralization of industrial mining potential have been identified, consisting of 37 ore bodies, of which 19 are of gold grade > 3 g/t. The inferred resource (code 333) is about 3,000 kg of gold. In report "Assessment of copper and other associated minerals in Nam Tia - Nam Nga area, Sin Ho, Lai Chau province", forty-one ore bodies have been identified and delineated in Permian-Triassic volcanic rocks, of which 27 are new discoveries. The calculated inferred resource (code 333) is 197 thousand tons of copper. The report "Assessment of ceramic raw materials in Van Yen - Tran Yen area, Yen Bai province lists 26 pegmatoid ore bodies and some kaolin ore bodies overlying them that have been discovered, of which 14 are of relatively large size. The inferred resource (code 333) has been calculated for 8 ore bodies, reaching 10.5 million tons pegmatite and 2.8 million tons kaolin. The ore bodies are fairly concentrated and favorable for exploitation. The report "Assessment of lead-zinc and barite in Ban Bo area, Cao Bang records 8 lead - zinc ore bodies that been identified and delineated. The inferred resource (code 333) has been calculated as reaching 175,900 tons of Pb+Zn. Ten primary and 3 deluvial barite ore bodies in 5 zones have been delineated. The inferred (code 333) is 1,090 thousand tons of BaSO 4. The inferred lead-zinc resource (code 333) in this area can be increased by further investigation. The report "Assessment of primary tin ore potential in Ma Ty - Du Long area, Ninh Thuan province records 18 tin ore veins found occurring in a broken greisenified. The ore veins are average m in thickness and m in length with steep dips. The tin grade of the ore is 0.1 to 0.88 %. The ore minerals include cassiterite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The inferred resource (code 333) is about 7,600 tons of Sn. The report Assessment of copper ore prospective in Ta Rec area, Dak Rong district, Quang Tri province records 9 copper mineralization zones that have been discovered and delineated, which include 4 ore bodies ,5m thick, with grades of % Cu. The inferred resource (code 333) calculated to the depth of 100 m is 2,203 tons of copper. The report "Assessment of lead-zinc ore and other minerals in Ham Yen - Ban Nhung area, Tuyen Quang province" details 5 lead-zinc ore bodies (in Mo Nghieu, Lan Thuoc, Bac Nhung areas) and geochemical dispersion haloes of Pb, Zn, Ba and Cu that have been identified. Inferred resource (code 333) of some minerals have been calculated: lead-zinc ore 8,000 tons, iron ore 750,000 tons, including 350,000 tons of primary iron ore and 400,000 tons of float ore; arsenic ore: 30,000 tons. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 268 CCOP Technical Secretariat

255 The report Delineating and forecasting the mineral prospective of the West Hue area on the basis of detailed processing and interpretation of geophysical data " records that on the basis of airborne magnetic and gamma spectrometric and gravity survey data and the results of geologic, mineral, pan concentrate and stream sediment geochemical survey of the West Hue area, covering km 2, with the use of processing software packages, a geophysically-based geostructural map has been compiled. This shows 17 geological units and 25 faults with dip directions, dip angles and displacement, also 25 endogenous mineral prospective areas (gold, tin, lead-zinc, antimony) related with 6 types of geophysical anomalies. The different degrees of prospect have been delineated. Implementing stage I of the Project on investigation and assessment of titanium placer potential, the geological divisions have carried a preliminary survey at 1/ scale in the coastal sections and have discovered numerous large scale titanium placer areas (Nhon Hoi area, Phu My area of Binh Dinh province, etc.) Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities a) Proposed Future Activities: Accomplish the formulation of the master plan for basic geological survey for mineral resources to be approved by the Prime Minister and start its implementation after approval. Investigate the geologic setting of ore zones, carry out geological mapping, and assess the mineral potentials of key areas to serve industrialization and modernization of. b) Assistance Required from CCOP: The cooperating countries are requested to consider the possibilities for financing the following two projects: Strengthening the capacity for integrated assessment of mineral resources in by advanced methods and techniques; Upgrading the geolaboratories of the Department of Geology and Minerals of, especially isotope analysis sections for geological and mineral investigations Others The project "Support for a Mines Inspectorate" funded by the German Government continues to be implemented. Six staff of the Department of Geology and Minerals of are being trained in mines inspection in Australia. The Department of Geology and Minerals of in collaboration with the CCOP Technical Secretariat is preparing for the 2 nd CASM-Asia Workshop on Artisanal and Small scale Mining Social Issues being organized in Hanoi in August Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 269 CCOP Technical Secretariat

256 2. ENERGY PROGRAMME 2.1. Summary In the year of 2005, produced total million tons of oil equivalent, including million tons of crude oil and 6.89 billion m3 of gas. From 1 January 2006 to 30 June 2006, million tons of crude oil and 3.74 billion m 3 of gas were produced. 25,600 m of coal exploration drilling was accomplished and 34.9 million tons of crude coal, of which 30.8 million tons was clean coal have been produced in From 1 January 2006 to 30 June 2006, 25,000 m of coal exploration well were drilled and 20.7 million tons of crude coal, of which is 18.7 million tons were clean coal, were produced Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Activities Oil and Gas Exploration Activities A total of five Petroleum Contracts were signed during the review period. Up to date, there are 53 signed Petroleum Contracts of types of JV, PSC, BCC and JOC, of which 29 are currently in operation. A new round of bidding for Blocks was successfully opened by Petro with 24 International Oil and Gas Companies participating in the licensing round. As a result, 3 new PSC were signed. Three Joint study agreements on Geology and Oil and Gas potential were signed between Petro and Shell, Esson Mobil and Chevron. Two seismic survey agreements in Bac Bo Gulf and Truong Sa Island were signed between and China. An agreement on seismic survey in the Truong Sa archipelago has been signed between, China and the Philippines. During the review period: a total of 24,212 km lines of 2D and 4,000 km 2 of 3D seismic were acquired; 43 exploration and appraisal wells were drilled ; seven new oil and gas discoveries have been identified; the total hydrocarbon reserves of increased by 50 million tons of oil equivalent Oil and Gas Production Activities In 2005, produced a total million tons of oil equivalent, including million tons of crude oil and 6.89 billion cubic meters of gas taken from seven (7) oil and gas fields (namely, Bach Ho- Rong, Ruby, Rang Dong, Lan Tay- Lan Do, Su Tu Den, PM3- Cai Nuoc, and Dai Hung). Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 270 CCOP Technical Secretariat

257 From 1 January 2006 to 30 June 2006, million tons of crude oil and 3.74 billion cubic meters of gas were produced Scientific Research Activities Petro is continuing to implement the VITRA II Project ( total resources assessment) which is based on the agreement between and Norway with a contract signed in the middle of 2002 between Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) and Petro Downstream Activities s first refinery is currently being built at Dung Quat, in Quang Ngai province, and is expected to turn operational in early Camau Power- Fertilizer Complex and Phu My- Nhon Trach Gas pipeline are being implemented Coal Activities/operation In 2005, produced 34.9 million tons of crude coal, of which 30,8 million tons was clean coal. From 1 January 2006 to 30 June 2006, 20.7 million tons of crude coal (18,7 million tons of clean coal) was produces. During this review period, over 48,000 m of coal exploration bore holes were drilled. Studies and activities are continuing to develop plans for further exploration of existing coal mines down to the depth of 150m- 300m Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities To continue to participate in Post PPM Project, Implementation of the phase 2 of ENRECA Project with Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Implementation of the VITRA II Project, Implementation of the Capacity building in the Petroleum Sector Project, Phase 1 (ICB-I). 3. GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 3.1. Summary In the period from July 2005 to June 2006 the Department of Geology and Minerals of carried out hydrogeological surveys at 1: 50,000 scale in some areas, groundwater monitoring in three regions (the Red River delta, the Mekong River delta and the Central Plateau) and groundwater assessment in some areas, especially the problematic areas of the Northern Mountain region and the Central Plateau. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 271 CCOP Technical Secretariat

258 3.2. Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities a) Hydrogeological survey The ''Hydrogeological and engineering geological mapping at 1/50,000 scale of Loc Ninh area'' was completed. A hydrogeological map at 1/50,000 scale of Loc Ninh area covering 2,400 km 2 has been compiled. A detailed description of the distribution area, depth of occurrence, lithologic composition, water bearing characteristics and groundwater regime of the aquifers represented on the map have been made. The potential groundwater exploitation reserve has been calculated as reaching 743,500 m 3 /day. The water quality meets the requirements for domestic water supply. In the report, reasonable recommendations have been made to the authorities of various levels for investigation, exploitation, utilization and protection of the groundwater and the environment in the study area. The report National groundwater monitoring in period '' has been prepared on the basis of the monitoring data (water level, temperature, chemical composition) of various aquifers in the Red river delta (212 monitoring wells), Mekong river delta (224 monitoring wells) and Central plateau (205 monitoring wells). The monitoring was carried out in accordance with the regulations. The monitoring data have been used for compiling the groundwater regime year-books for the Bac Bo, Nam Bo plain and the Central plateau regions, published every year. The monitoring data have been processed in a timely fashion and published in the media and in specialized journals and supplied to the localities covered by the groundwater monitoring network for effective use in the management of water resources in the area. Modeling, trend curve, statistical probability and hydrodynamic methods have been applied for forecasting the groundwater regime. The water level tends to become lower with time. b) Assessment of groundwater resources The report ''Assessment of groundwater resources in Moc Chau area, Son La province'' has been accomplished. Three fissures, fissure-karst aquifers in pre Quaternary rocks and one very poor aquifer in Quaternary sediments (apq, dpq) have been differentiated, described and evaluated in terms of water bearing capacity and groundwater quality. Two prospective aquifers to serve the domestic water supply for the local people have been identified. The total potential fresh groundwater exploitable reserve has been calculated, reaching 197,446 m 3 /day. The possible exploitation reserve (C1) is 23,928 m 3 /day. The report Hydrogeological and engineering geological investigation and assessment of water resources in Ba Lua archipelago, Kien Giang province indicates that 3 aquifers on the islands have been differentiated and described in detail in terms of distribution area, depth of occurrence, lithologic composition, water bearing characteristics and water quality and regime characteristics. The three aquifers are the pore aquifer in Late Holocene sediments (qh 3 ), the fissure aquifer in Middle Triassic volcanic rocks (t 2 ) and the fissure aquifer in Middle - Late Devonian sediments (d 2-3 ). The distribution areas of aquitards or aquifuses have been delineated. The total possible groundwater exploitation reserve (C 1 ) has been calculated based on the actual pumping discharge of 7 drilled wells, reaching 611 m 3 /day and the indicated exploitable resource (C 2 ) is 192 m 3 /day. These wells together with the water sources found have basically met the need for water supply of the people on the islands. Eight potential locations for groundwater exploration and abstraction and a strategy for rational Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 272 CCOP Technical Secretariat

259 exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources on the studied islands have been proposed. The Department of Geology and Minerals of is implementing two projects assigned by the Government: - The project Investigation and assessment of groundwater of some key areas in 7 Northern mountainous provinces with special difficulties" has the task to investigate and assess the groundwater resources in terms of reserves and quality for exploitation in Ha Giang province (5 areas), Son La province (5 areas), Bac Kan province (4 areas), Cao Bang province (5 areas), Lao Cai province (5 areas), Dien Bien province (2 areas) and Lai Chau province (2 areas). Geological and hydrogeological investigations have been carried out in all 28 areas of the Project. The geophysical survey was accomplished in 25/28 areas, drilling and pumping tests were carried out in 12 areas. Field work has been completed in 6/28 areas. Twenty-two of seventy-five boreholes of the whole Project have been completed, 16 of which reached discharges of l/s. The total of actually pumped discharge from the boreholes reached 4,142 m 3 /day. - The project Investigation and assessment of groundwater of some key areas in 5 central highland provinces, has the task to investigate, discover and assess groundwater resources in terms of reserves and quality for exploitation in Gia Lai province (5 areas), Dak Lak province (5 areas), Lam Dong province (5 areas), Dak Nong province (7 areas) Kon Tum province (5 areas). Geological and hydrogeological investigations were carried out in twenty-one of the twenty-seven areas of the whole Project, geophysical survey was accomplished in 18/27 areas, drilling and pumping tests were carried out in 13 areas. Field work has been completed in 6 areas. So far 36/115 boreholes of the Project have been completed. The total of actually pumped discharge has reached 4,759 m 3 /day, meeting 48% of the Project s objective (9,840 m 3 /day). The water quality of the boreholes meets all requirements. According to the analytical results the contents of both chemical and bacteriological components are within the permissible standard limits Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities a) Proposed Future Activities Expand the hydrogeological survey and mapping at various scales, giving priority to border areas and important and dry areas. Satisfactorily accomplish the two ground water investigation projects in 7 Northern mountainous provinces with special difficulties and 5 provinces of the Central Plateau. Continue the groundwater monitoring program of the national system of natural resources and environmental monitoring. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 273 CCOP Technical Secretariat

260 Assistance Required from CCOP: Cooperating countries are requested to provide funding for the following projects: Studying the groundwater resources environment in the Red river delta. Establishment of a groundwater monitoring network for investigation and management of water resources and environment in the South Central Coastal region of Others Cooperation with CCOP in the Groundwater project : Two staff of the DGMV participated in the CCOP-AIST/GSJ training course of the Groundwater project from 31 October to 4 November 2005 in Bangkok Thailand. In January 2006, the CCOP Groundwater project management staff from JGS/AIST visited the Department of Geology and Minerals of to discuss cooperation in implementing the project. GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR 4. COASTAL ZONE, GEOHAZARDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY PROGRAMMES 4.1. Summary In the period from July 2005 to June 2006, the Department of Geology and Minerals of has implemented various geological projects related with the coastal zone of, comprising geological mapping, mineral survey and geoenvironmental survey, geohazard survey in some coastal and shallow offshore areas of Southern and Central regions of. The ese Academy of Sciences and Technology also carried out some research projects related marine resources and environment, environmental geology, geohazards such as earthquakes and tsunami in the coastal zone of Annual Review of Technical Programmes/Activities 1. The survey and mapping at 1/ scale of Ho Tram Vung Tau shallow offshore area and at 1/ scale of 3 key areas under the project Geological, mineral, environmental geology and geohazard survey of South Central region (0-30m water depth) at 1/ scale and some key areas at 1/ scale have been completed by the Department of Geology and Minerals of. The project is now in the stage of final report preparation and the following are the main results: Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 274 CCOP Technical Secretariat

261 a. Geologic structure: - The Pliocene formations have been proved to be of inclined structure dipping in NW-SE direction. The faults in the area are of three dominant systems: NW-SE, NE-SW and sub-latitudinal, of which those of the NE-SW system are younger and displace those of the NW-SE system. b. Stratigraphy - The Neogene formations (N 2?) are present almost all over the area from 10m waterdepth seaward, underlying the Quaternary formations. - Granite bodies of Cretaceous age and volcanic rocks have been discovered at some locations in the study area - 14 stratigraphic units belonging to 6 age levels from Early Pleistocene to Late Holocene (Q 1 1, Q 2 1, Q 3a 1, Q 3b 1, Q and Q 3 2 ) have been established. The thickness of the Quaternary formations tends to increase seaward from the shore. - Coarse sediments (sand, gravelly sand, silty sand) are dominant in most geologic sections in the study area. c. Georesources Minerals Coastal minerals in the study area include placers of Ti, Zr, Sn, Au and construction materials. The most important are Ti and Zr placers. Sea floor placers in the study area are of high potential: The prospective placers discovered during the 1/500,000 survey have been investigated in detailed. Many new prospects have been discovered. Construction materials have been found on the superficial layer of the sea floor. Water resources: - Surface water : In the study area there are two major rivers; the Dinh river and the Phan river, with total flow of 587 billion m 3 /year, with extraction capacity billion m 3 /year. - Groundwater: Groundwater occurs in Holocene sand (Q 2 ), Pleistocene-Holocene sand and gravel (Q 1-2 ); Pleistocene alluvial sand, cobble and gravel (Q 3 1); Quaternary sand, gravel cobble (Q), fractured Cenozoic basalt (bkz), Mesozoic marine and volcanic sediments (Mz). Due to the dry climate and low surface recharge, groundwater is mainly concentrated in the coastal river basins. The groundwater reserve is 108,000m 3 /day. Positional resources: - Positional resources related with transport and sea ports: With gentle sea floor topography, few shoals and no moving sand bars, the study area is favorable for sea transport. The La Gi, Tan Hai, Binh Chau sea ports together with the ports on the Thi Vai, Dinh rivers are advantages of the study area. - The promontories in the study area provide beautiful landscapes to serve tourist development. Several integrated (ecological and historical) tourist areas have been established. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 275 CCOP Technical Secretariat

262 Geosites : In the study area occur sites with red sand, caves and erosion channels which can serve as good places for geological investigations and for tourism. Wetland resources: - Permanent wetlands are mainly river mouth areas and lagoons. These types of wetlands are very important for biodiversity, transport and development of port terminals. However, they are now being polluted. - Regulated intermittent wetlands consist of aquacultural farms and salt fields. This type of wetland makes a great contribution to economic development but is being degraded. - Unregulated intermittent wetlands consist of lower tidal flats, mangrove forests. Environmental geology, geohazard characteristics and geohazard prediction. - Floods and typhoons in the area occur in a complicated manner and usually occur in Phan Thiet, Binh Chau areas. - Strong erosion occurs in the coastal sections of La Gi, Tan Hai, Tan Thang, Tan Thuan and Binh Chau. - Changes in, and up of shipping channels at the mouths of Phan river (Tan Hiep), Dinh river (La Gi), in Binh Chau, Ha Lan. - Slumps, landslides in the areas with volcano-sedimentary formations. - Sand waves of sub-water sand dunes at the depth of 20-50m formed by the N-S and NW-SE currents. 2. DGMV has started cooperation with other organizations for compiling the geological map of the East sea and adjacent areas at 1/1,000,000 scale (State level scientific research project KC.09-23). 3. The field work of the project Survey and assessment of mineral resources potentials of the shallow offshore area of Soc Trang province has been started, consisting of : geological survey; high resolution shallow seismic survey; side sonar scanning; echo sounding; collection and analysis of samples; monitoring of litho-hydro-geodynamic regime, deposition rate and environmental geochemistry of sea sediments and sea water. 4. The project Geological, geodynamic, mineral, geoenvironment survey and geohazard prediction of sea areas of is being formulated. 5. In April 2006, VAST in collaboration with Kiel University, Germany, successfully organized a survey of the coastal zone from Quang Ngai to Ca Mau, with the use of the German marine survey vessel Sonne". Geophysical, meteorological, biological, environmental, geological and marine geophysical surveys have been carried out along over 50 lines perpendicular to the coast line with a length of km each. From the surveys many of good quality field data have been obtained serving as the basis for further analysis and investigation on geological and environmental characteristics of the coastal zone of the Mid and South Central region of. This will be used for many cooperation projects of with other countries. 6. VAST has approved and assigned the Institute of Geophysics to take the lead in the implementation of the research project "Assessment of earthquake and tsunami risks in the coastal zone of, which started in 2005 and will be terminated by the end of Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 276 CCOP Technical Secretariat

263 7. VAST has assigned the Institute of Geophysics to collaborate with the Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Ltd., New Zealand, in developing a cooperative project for study and assessment of the tsunami risks in the coastal zone of. The project has been accepted for funding by the New Zealand Development Cooperation Agency. 8. Within the framework of the CCOP Geohazards Programme, VAST sent some experts to participate in training courses in prevention, mitigation and warning of tsunami in the region. In particular, 2 staff attended the training course in earthquake forecasting in Bangkok, March 2006, one staff member attended the training course on tsunami in Malaysia (April 2006) and 1 staff member attended the workshop on warning of earthquake, and tsunami in Malaysia (June 2006). 9. The scientists of the VAST are cooperating with the Taiwanese National University in using FORMOSAT-2 satellite data for natural resources and environmental survey of the South and central coastal zone of ( ). 10. VAST has actively participated in the preparation of, and submission to the Government for approval, the "Project on basic survey and management of marine resources and environment of to the year 2010, with vision to 2020 Here VAST is in charge of purchasing a modern marine surveying vessel; the international cooperation project on surveying the marine areas of ; and participated with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and Petro in the implementation of the project on the determination of boundaries beyond the continental shelf of. 11. VAST has been assigned by the Government to prepare the project proposal concerning construction and launching a minor satellite for natural resources and environment monitoring. VAST is cooperating with the EU, UK, USA and Korea in preparation of the project proposal to be submitted for approval in the coming period. 12. VAST has been assigned by the Government to take the lead and collaborate with various Ministries and Sectors in negotiation with the Philippine counterparts for preparing the project proposal on the 4th Philippines Joint Oceanographic and Marine Scientific Research Expedition (JOM SRE-4), anticipated in April The first meeting of the Philippines working group was held in Nha Trang (July 2006) and preparation is being made for the second meeting to be held in October 2006 in Manila Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities a) Proposed Future Activities: - Continue implementing the field work of the project Survey and assessment of mineral potential in the shallow offshore area of Soc Trang Province. - Start the implementation of the project Geological, geodynamic, mineral and geoenvironmental survey and geohazard prediction of sea areas of. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 277 CCOP Technical Secretariat

264 b) Assistance Required from CCOP: CCOP is requested to continue to find donors who can provide financial and technical assistance for a project entitled Investigation of geohazards in the coastal area of Central (from Da Nang to Binh Thuan), proposition of measures for prevention and mitigation". This is the coastal area suffering the most losses every year in Others - In March 2006 VAST, CCOP and AIST jointly organized a workshop on GeoGRID in Hanoi,. The workshop was attended by 25 scientists from Japan and near 40 ese scientists and obtained successful results. - Within the landslide hazard project, the Institute of Marine geology and Geophysics (under VAST) received and discussed with the Korean experts and project Coordinator matters concerning the supply of data and results of the landslide hazard survey in. - In June 2006 VAT sent a delegation to attend the meeting of General Assembly of the Intergovernmental Committee on Oceanology in Paris. At the Meeting, the Institute of Oceanology under VAST was appointed by UNESCO to act as the national focal point of to participate in the earthquake and tsunami warning system in East and SE Asia. GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR 5. GEO-DATA AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME 5.1. Summary In the period from July 2005 to June 2006, the Department of Geology and Minerals of carried out many activities related with the application of IT in the management of geological data and information, in the State administrative reform, in publishing documents on geology and mineral resources and with the training and international cooperation in the field of geoinformation Annual Review of Technical Programmes / Activities a) Modernization of geodata and information In the period from July 2005 to June 2006, within the framework of the project "Improving and Upgrading the Geological Archive", the DGMV has implemented the following activities: - Computerized about 300 geological reports, increasing the number of geological reports computerized up to about 1, Digitized about 200 geological map sheets of 1/50,000 scales, increasing the number of digitized (vectorized) 1/50,000 scale geological map sheets to Completed the digitalization of published 1/200,000 scale geological maps. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 278 CCOP Technical Secretariat

265 Within the project "Statistics and inventory of solid minerals (excluding common construction materials)" a database of over 800 mineral deposits which have been explored and assessed in terms of reserve was compiled. Within the Geosciences Bibliography program, updates of bibliographic information have been continued for the geological journals and books contained in the Geological Library. Near 20,000 bibliographic items have been transferred to the SANGIS application developed by CCOP and CIFEG. b) Application of IT in the reformation of State administrative systems The website of the Department of Geology and Minerals of has been perfected, including the English version. The clerical, archive and correspondence management programs in a network environment have been perfected. The geological survey projects management program has been perfected A training course on application of the clerical and archive management program in DGMV has been organized. An instrument for converting coordinates from UTM system to VN2000 system c) Publication The last series of 1/200,000 geological maps (NW Bac Bo series) including digital maps has been published. The 1: 1, scale mineral resources map of has been republished using IT. The Journal of Geology Series A (ese version) and Series B (English version) have been published in 6 and 2 numbers per year respectively. The 2005 Annual Report of DGMV has been published. d) Implementation of research projects related with IT application The following research projects are being implemented: Studying the method of 3D (and multi-d) presentation of geological and mineral surveying data. Studying the application of ARCINFO for establishing geological and mineral map databases. Establishment of the integrated natural resources and environmental data base (minerals aspect) in the common database of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. e) Seminars, workshops An all-sector Seminar on geological and mineral databases was organized to evaluate the status and propose a plan for establishing the national geological and mineral database. The DGMV staff participated in and made a presentation at the GEOGRID Workshop in Hanoi. f) Training A training course on geoinformation lasting 3.5 months was accomplished for 30 DGMV geological staff. A training course on digitalization technology (lasting 2 months) was accomplished for 30 DGMV geological staff. A training course on application of IT was accomplished for labor management, planning and financial staff. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 279 CCOP Technical Secretariat

266 Two training courses on science and technology for geological project managers were accomplished g) International cooperation Received and discussed with CIFEG expert, Mr. Francois Lyonnais (Dec 2005) on the results and development of the SANGIS application. Participated in the editing and publication of the "Asian Multilingual Thesaurus of Geosciences (AMTG) led by CCOP and CIFEG. (Participants: Dr. Nguyen Thanh Van, Eng. Tran Hong Hai, BSc. Pham Thi Nga). Appointed staff (Eng. Le Tuan Anh) to prepare and participate in the Workshop on application of IT and the Metadata working group meeting organized by CCOP in Bangkok, Thailand in November has registered the information of 80 published geological map sheets at 1/1,000,000, 1/500,000, 1/200,000 scales. Prepared the conditions for participating in the activities of the Commission for Geosciences Information of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS-CGI) Proposed Future Activities and Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities a) Proposed Future Activities: - Continue the computerization and digitisation of geological, hydrogeological and mineral resources data and maps. - Continue promoting the application of IT in the management of geological and mineral resources data in State management of geology and mineral resources. - Continue and expand participation in cooperation programs in the field of IT and geoinformation with CCOP and other organizations in the region and worldwide. b) Assistance Required from CCOP: CCOP, Member Countries and Cooperating Countries are requested to continue to exchange information, IT and applied software so that geoinformation and technology are always updated and renovated. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 280 CCOP Technical Secretariat

267 ANNEX VI COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea COOPERATING COUNTRIES AND ORGANIZATIONS REPORTS Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 281 CCOP Technical Secretariat

268 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Country Report of Geoscience Australia Submitted by C. B. Foster Geoscience Australia (For Agenda Item 4.1) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 283 CCOP Technical Secretariat

269 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMS IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING COUNTRY REPORT Country/Organization: Geoscience Australia Period: 1 July June Summary The following report is a summary of Geoscience Australia s (GA) geoscience programs and technical activities implemented within the CCOP region during the period of 1 July June GA provides first-class geoscientific information and knowledge aimed to enable the government and the community to make informed decisions about the exploration of resources, the management of the environment, the safety of critical infrastructure, and the resultant wellbeing of all Australians. GA contributes to multilateral and bilateral projects by providing technical and geoscience expertise that enhances and strengthens national and international technical activities and geoscientific knowledge bases. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programs in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral) The following summary reviews GA s geoscience activities which have directly impacted CCOP Member Countries, or whose results may assist and strengthen CCOP Member Countries, during the required reporting period. Geo-Resource activities Minerals: - None - Energy: - None - Groundwater: - None - Geo-Environment activities Coastal Zone: - None - Geohazards: GA contributed to multiple geoscience projects that aimed to assist CCOP countries evaluate and mitigate natural hazards caused by geological processes. GA has been involved in the development of an Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System (IOTWS), under the coordination of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Through its Risk Research Group, GA has also been developing tsunami inundation models and impact/risk assessment methods for use in warning systems, and as part of the broader tsunami disaster mitigation effort. GA s work is focusing on three Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 285 CCOP Technical Secretariat

270 working groups that have been formed as part of the Intergovernmental Coordination Group (ICG) for an IOTWS, via: Working Group 2: Seismology Working Group 3: Risk Assessment. Working Group 4: Tsunami Modelling. Other contributions towards tsunami risk mitigation included working collaboratively with AusAID and other international agencies to develop capacity building programs, such as training and workshops in seismic monitoring, risk assessment and tsunami modelling. In May 2006, GA staff took part in a palaeotsunami deposit reconnaissance program in Java. The program involved first-pass identification of several lines of geological evidence for past tsunami in Java, as well as new research into the identification of tsunami deposits in different depositional environments. The program was jointly organised by the Indonesian Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT) and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI). Participants in the fieldwork included researchers from BPPT, LIPI, the Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), the US Geological Survey (USGS) and Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. The trip allowed GA to develop and strengthen contacts with researchers from neighbouring Indian Ocean countries, the US and Japan. This resulted in several invitations to join palaeotsunami and post-tsunami field programs in the Indian Ocean region. In addition, GA gained an enhanced understanding of the logistical and budgetary considerations for future palaeotsunami work in the Indian Ocean region. This will assist in the planning and implementation of capacity building programs in the future. Following a major landslide in the Philippines in February 2006, GA provided the services of a natural hazard geoscientist (Andrew McPherson) to an AusAID-led Landslide Assessment Team. Primary duties included advising Philippine authorities on slope stability assessment and potential for further landslides in the vicinity of the event, as well as development of recommendations regarding short and long-term activities for natural disaster assessment. The key agencies with which the team interacted included those from the Department of Science and Technology (DoST), namely the Philippines Institute of Volcanology & Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and the Philippines Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). Within the Department of Environment & Natural Resources (DENR), the Mines & Geosciences Bureau (MGB) was the primary contact. Another key agency, but with whom contact was not made during the mission, was the National Mapping & Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA). In , AusAID continued to fund the Rabaul Volcanological Observatory (RVO) Twinning Program in Papua New Guinea. The project aims to position RVO as a capacity building organization that is able to provide reliable early warnings of destructive volcanic events to national and local authorities responsible for the safety of communities, thereby helping to minimize/prevent loss of life and economic disruption. GA has provided the technical training to local staff, ensuring the reliable operation of equipment used in local and remote networks, with additional training provided to establish a CTBTO-funded infrasound monitoring station at Krevat, in the East New Britain Province. This additional GA program provided emergency response funding for staff to travel to, and assess increases in volcanic activity. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 286 CCOP Technical Secretariat

271 Environmental Geology: - None - Geo-Information activities Geodata and Information Management GA staff members made significant contributions to several projects aimed at improving the management and dissemination of geodata and its associated applications amongst government, industry and private users. The milestones achieved by these projects will have international impacts. GA provided technical expertise in a collaborative metadata project led by the Spatial Information Council for Australia and New Zealand (ANZLIC). The ANZLIC Metadata Project is collaboration between Australian and New Zealand jurisdictions and government agencies to produce a national metadata profile that is consistent with the standards from the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO): ISO and ISO The project aims to develop a national profile and to generate a free ISO-compliant metadata entry tool. GA participated in the successful demonstration of the Australian Interoperability test bed. A milestone was reached with the interoperable delivery of geological data between four Commonwealth, State and Territory Geological Surveys in Australia. During this pilot, geochemical data from three surveys, each of which had its own database running on different software and hardware platforms, was made available using standards-based web services. It was possible to access and combine data from each survey via the standardised interfaces. Some of the conversion was in real time. The pilot successfully demonstrated the technical feasibility of using web services and community-based, internationally agreed standards to deliver geoscience data. GA coordinated this project that involved state governments and CSIRO. GA, in collaboration with CSIRO and the State and Territory Surveys of Australia has been participating in the development of a suite of XML data models for encoding geological map data and observations (GeoSciML). Eight countries (Australia, Germany, Canada, UK, USA, France, Netherlands and Japan) are participating in this project which is led by the Commission for the Management and Application of Geoscience Information (CGI) under the International Union of Geological Sciences. This will be the primary data model used by GA to deliver geological units, structures, and point-located geological data. A project to demonstrate a test version of GeoSciML 1.0 has recently been completed. The next phase aims to incorporate four themes: geological structures; geological units; observations and measurements; and boreholes. GA, in collaboration with CSIRO, established an International Community of Practice known as the Solid Earth and Environment Grid Community (SEE Grid). SEE Grid brings together people in the earth, environmental and computing sciences to address the issues of transparent access to data and knowledge about the Earth. The aim of this international community is to enhance the ability to explore for and manage our natural and mineral resources, on an international scale. The community includes representatives from organisations devoted to open standards and exchange, including State and Commonwealth agencies and several international organisations. The SEE Grid community website ( has over 450 registered subscribers and an average of 30,000 hits per month. Registered users span academic, government and industry organisations and business interests ranging across data Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 287 CCOP Technical Secretariat

272 custodians, software vendors, HPC researchers, HPC providers and end users from many different domains in the earth and environmental sciences. GA is contributing to the UK-Australia Collaboration on the Exploitation of Grid and Geospatial Standards (AUKEGGS) project that is aiming to set up a global grid demonstration that provides access to atmospheric and ocean data across two continents. This project has introduced partnerships between UK and Australian grid researchers, climate scientists, and standards experts who will work together to develop best practices for using this new technology to provide access to existing data and to be an example of how other groups can share data using Grid technology and standards. From this initial partnership, proposals for future extensions of the environmental standards they use will be developed. The benefits of the project will be available immediately to scientists and others who need to use this data for their research. 3. Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities. Geo-Resource activities Minerals: No activities planned at this stage Energy: No activities planned at this stage Groundwater: No activities planned at this stage Geo-Environment activities Coastal Zone: No activities planned at this stage Geohazards: GA will continue to provide technical support as part of the IOTWS, in both the medium and long term, by contributing to the development of tsunami hazard and risk models; and maps for the Indian Ocean region to provide critical input to disaster management planning and mitigation. GA will continue to provide technical support to the capacity building RVO Twinning Project, assisting the community monitor and prepare emergency responses. Environmental Geology: No activities planned at this stage Geo-Information activities Geodata and Information Management GA will continue to be involved in the data access and information management projects outlined above, in the same roles as nominated. 4. Reports/publications of technical activities for dissemination to CCOP Member Countries including contributions to GRID-Net. - None - 5. Others - None - Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 288 CCOP Technical Secretariat

273 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Country Report of Belgium Submitted by Léon Dejonghe Geological Survey of Belgium, Belgium (For Agenda Item 4.1) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 289 CCOP Technical Secretariat

274 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand. Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING COUNTRY REPORT Country/Organization: BELGIUM Period: 1 July June Summary Belgium has not been active during the period I July June 2006 with regard to its collaboration with CCOP. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral) Efforts have been made to set up two projects with China but finally, none of them has come to a realization. 3. Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities There are different reasons for the failure mentioned in item 2, one being that Belgium has reduced the number of its financed partner countries from 25 to 18. Only remains as one of the identified partner countries of the CCOP area (see The financing from Belgium for cooperating activities is also decreasing from year to year. However, the Geological Survey of Belgium would like to continue to support all the CCOP activities in general and keep an active role in the future in the CCOP strategic plan. A domain of collaboration could be the satellite radar interferometry (INSAR). Radar interferometry technology is a technique utilized by the Geological Survey of Belgium, which facilitate the monitoring of ground deformations primarily in urban and mining areas. Satellite data acquisition enables the observation of millimetre-scale displacements of the ground surface (see Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 291 CCOP Technical Secretariat

275 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Country Report of Canada Submitted by Ralph G. Currie Geological Survey of Canada, Canada (For Agenda Item 4.1) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 293 CCOP Technical Secretariat

276 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING COUNTRY REPORT Country/Organization: CANADA Period: 1 July June Summary Canada continues to engage in a number of bilateral projects with CCOP Member Countries principally in the areas of gas hydrates and earthquake hazard research. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral) There continues to be collaborative research with Japan (principally JAMSTEC) on the hazard posed by subduction earthquakes. This research focuses on a comparison of the Nankai and Cascadia subduction zones. A highlight of this year was a visit by GSC scientists on JAMSTEC s Research Vessel Kairei using the new ROV Kaiko 7000 II to two seafloor observatories (A-CORKs) on ODP boreholes 1173 and 808I in the Nankai Trough. Two years data were successfully recovered from each site. These data indicate very interesting pressure changes associated with the Off Kii M=7.4 earthquake in 2004, ~200 km distant. There has also been continuing collaboration with the China Seismological Bureau on earthquake precursors and Korea in the area of gas hydrates. 3. Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities Canada is prepared to offer, once again, its Ocean and Coastal Mapping Workshop in the region under the auspices of CCOP. The Minerals and Geoscience Department, Malaysia has expressed interest in leading the planning for this workshop for presentation in early It is hoped that there will be opportunities to explore this possibility with the CCOP Technical Secretariat, Malaysia, and other Member Countries during this year s annual meeting. 4. Reports/publications of technical activities for dissemination to CCOP Member Countries including contributions to GRID-Net - None - 5. Others - None - Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 295 CCOP Technical Secretariat

277 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Country Report of Germany Submitted by Dr. H.-R. Kudrass W. Schirrmacher Federal Institute of Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) Germany (For Agenda Item 4.1) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 297 CCOP Technical Secretariat

278 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING COUNTRY REPORT Country/Organization: GERMANY Period: 1 July June Summary During 2005 and 2006 the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) has continued its activities in SE Asia with its local partners. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral) A. Scientific-Technical Cooperation Indonesia In continuation of the fruitful German-Indonesian cooperation in marine sciences a detailed research proposal has been elaborated consisting of three marine cruises along the important structure extending from the epicentral area of the Boxing Day 2004 earthquake to the region of Sumba Island where the Australian continent collides with the Indonesian Archipelago. The northern and central parts of Sumatra Island will be investigated by the SeaCause and SUMATRA cruises, the eastern part of Java and the islands of Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Sumba by the SINDBAD cruise. Earlier cruises in the area (GINCO, MERAMEX, NATSUSHIMA, YOKUSUKA YK01-02 and YK02-07) have covered most of the areas along southern Sumatra, the Sunda Strait and western Java. They form an important supplement to the scheduled cruises so that an integrated, unique set of data (see Fig.1) will be made available which allows insights into the natural hazards potential as well as mineral resources along the subduction zone. Due to the high degree in variation of forearc structures and tectonic framework of the Sunda Arc this work will also be a major contribution to the general understanding of the mechanisms which govern the tectonic development of subduction zones. The massive concentration of work along the Sunda Arc with three projects within the time span of 15 months has to be seen as a part of the implementation process of a Tsunami early warning system for Indonesia which requires a detailed knowledge of the bathymetry and geological structures along the continental margin and which can only be provided by shipbased research work as laid out in this research proposal. B. Technical Cooperation Support in Mineral Inspection A five-year technical cooperation project between BGR and the Department of Geology and Minerals of (DGMV) to support the newly established Mineral Inspection Sector of the DGMV starting in September 2004 was continued. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 299 CCOP Technical Secretariat

279 GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR 1. Summary Scientific-Technical Cooperation comprises ten projects. In China three projects were carried out; investigations for the final disposal of radioactive waste; innovative technologies for exploration, extinction and monitoring of coal fires in northern China, and rift processes and basin development in the northern South China Sea. In Indonesia a research project was launched to identify the volcanic risk along the Sunda Arc including a multi-parameter monitoring station. With relation to georisks two more projects are in operation dealing with the geo-risk potential of the Sunda margin and a tsunami early warning system for the Indian Ocean and the establishment of multi-parameter volcano monitoring on the Anak Krakatau volcano in the Sunda Strait. In respond to the Tsunami event of December 26 th, 2004, a helicopter groundwater survey in the Province of Aceh was carried out. In Thailand a project dealing with waste disposal sites investigations is ongoing. The Technical Cooperation sector comprises three projects that are in operation or under preparation, at present in Indonesia; strengthening of local authorities (component georisks); reconstruction in Banda Aceh; German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning system (component capacity building). 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral) A. Scientific-Technical Cooperation People s Republic of China Investigations for the final disposal of radioactive waste Within the frame of a Memorandum of Understanding the BGR is co-operating with the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology (BRIUG) in the field of geoscientific investigations for the final disposal of radioactive waste. The agreement between the two institutes comprises: The methodological study of site characterisations, The study of the stability of underground excavations and underground repositories, The study of the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the granite of the Beishan site (Gobi desert) in China, The study of migration of radio nuclides in fractured rock. Coal fires project Innovative Technologies for Exploration, Extinction and Monitoring of coal Fires in North China After three years of fruitful cooperation, Phase A of the coal fire project came to a successful end in midsummer During the last year of the project, BGR continued ground based geophysical surveys complementary to the airborne work in Mainly transient electromagnetics and magnetics were employed over selected coal fire regions. They were interpreted and modelled with the use of petrological analyses of coals and embedding rock in the coal fires regions. Petrographic samples showed clearly coal alterations due to the coal fire which can be used to specifically distinguish the grade and the nature of the burning Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 300 CCOP Technical Secretariat

280 process. Gas sampling technology and the corresponding statistical interpretation were much improved. Some part of the work close to the end of phase A was already dedicated towards phase B in which fire extinguishing and CDM measure play a major role. Phase B will start in autumn 2006 and run for another three years. Rift processes and basin development in the northern South China Sea (RISE) A research cruise is scheduled for autumn 2008 with the RV SONNE in cooperation with the Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), and China. The transition zone from the NW Sub-basin of the northern South China Sea oceanic basin to the extended continental crust between the Macclesfield Bank and the Pearl River Mouth Basin will be investigated. The aim of the project is an improved understanding of rift processes, continental break-up, and subsequent formation of oceanic crust with a special emphasis on the development and distribution of rift basins. Based on the results, an IODP drill proposal will be developed to verify and improve the resulting continental rift-drift concept. A workshop for a detailed discussion of the RISE Project is planned for January 2007 in China. Indonesia High-risk volcanism at the Sunda Arc Granted by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), a three and a half years term project that focuses on high-risk volcanism at the Sunda Arc was launched in early 2004 in order to improve the understanding of internal processes of and external influences on volcanic activity.. In close cooperation with Indonesian partners, specially designed field experiments, as well as methodological research, should result in a better approach to more efficient risk mitigation. Close links are also established to the active German Technical Cooperation project, Strengthening of local authorities: Component Georisks in Indonesia (see B. Technical Cooperation). Volcano Monitoring on the Anak Krakatau: KrakMon A multi-parameter station is established on the Anak Krakatau volcano in the Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java. The station holds broadband seismometers, differential GPS stations, electromagnetic station and tools for thermal gradient measurements. The project monitors the activity of the Anak Krakatau. This volcano is of special interest because after a major eruption in 1883, Krakatau blew off its top and caused a major tsunami. Nowadays the Anak Krakatau (child of Krakatau) is rising in the midst of the old caldera at rates of about 4 meters per year. The Anak Krakatau is located in a geodynamically extraordinary area between the subduction zones of Sumatra and Java (both approximately NW-SE trending) and right on top of a perpendicular shear zone (E-W trending). The installations on Krakatau will be part of a tsunami and multi-hazard early warning system. This work is part of the larger Sunda Arc project. Participating partners in Indonesia are DGGMR, DVGHM, BMG, BPPT, BAKOSURTANAL and others. In 2005 and early 2006 the last instrumental installations were completed. A computer based expert system to identify seismic events from Krakatau is under development. The station will be an integral part of the German-Indonesian tsunami early warning system. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 301 CCOP Technical Secretariat

281 Ground Water Survey Helicopter Project in the Province of Aceh: HelP Aceh After the disastrous tsunami event of December 26 th, large parts of the northern and western coasts of northern Sumatra were destroyed. The water supply systems were extensively damaged by both the earthquake event and consequent tsunami. In order to fill the gap between first aid measures and rehabilitation and reconstruction, BGR is providing a helicopter borne electromagnetic survey for the areas of Banda Aceh, Calang and Meulaboh, starting in the early summer of The strategic aim is to map saltwater intrusions and to provide a sound basis for future water management of the areas. Participating partners in Indonesia are BAPPENAS, DGGMR and others. The data processing was finished early in 2006 and technical as well as interpretation reports are available at BGR. Thailand Waste disposal sites investigations Within the scope of the Scientific-Technical Cooperation between Thailand and Germany the geological barrier of waste disposal sites in North- and East-Thailand has been investigated to protect groundwater and surface water (drinking water) resources The project incorporates a wide variety of state of the art methods. On the basis of the results a three volume standard regulatory handbook will be compiled and published. Contributing partners are BGR, Brandenburgisch-Technische Universität, Geophysik-GGD, Boden und Grundwasser Dresden, Hansa Luftbild, Ing.-Büro Sehlhoff (Germany), the Department of Mineral Resources and the Pollution Control Department (Thailand). The Scientific Cooperation with Thailand (DMR) regarding the investigation of the geological barrier of waste disposal sites continued throughout the period. B. Technical Cooperation Indonesia Strengthening of local authorities: Component Georisks A Technical Cooperation project started in 2002 was extended in 2006 between the Department of Environmental Geology (DEG) and BGR. The objective is to ensure application of geological hazard information as part of urban planning activities such as: Development of guidelines for user-oriented geo-hazard information, Field investigations in selected areas related to the type of geo-hazard and application within regional planning. The project will be implemented as a component of an existing GTZ project on civil society and inter- municipal cooperation for strengthening good local governance. The ongoing second project phase is envisaged for the period from Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 302 CCOP Technical Secretariat

282 Management of Georisks, Banda Aceh BGR and the Directorate General for Geology and Mineral Resources started the project Management of Georisks, Banda Aceh in The objective of the project is to provide geological information and advisory services in the field of ground water, construction raw materials, safe building ground and earthquake proven constructions for the sustainable reconstruction of the Tsunami effected areas of Northern Sumatra. In close cooperation with the local administration and the affected population, the project will establish recommendations for sustainable local, sustainable, natural disaster reduction. (First project phase: ). 1. Summary GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR In the framework of the longstanding Chinese - German scientific experience exchange (since 1979) between the Ministry for Land and Resources (MLR) and the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour/BGR, several Chinese scientists visited the BGR for information. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 303 CCOP Technical Secretariat

283 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Country Report of The Netherlands Submitted by Jos de Sonneville Netherlands Institute of Applied Geoscience The Netherlands (For Agenda Item 4.1) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 305 CCOP Technical Secretariat

284 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING COUNTRY REPORT Country/Organization: THE NETHERLANDS Period: 1 July June Summary During the report period no projects were funded directly by the Dutch Government. Dutch development assistance has changed considerably, both geographically and in focus. Since the government elections of May 2003, aid is concentrated only on some 30 countries. The focus of Dutch assistance has also moved away from the geosciences in general and the continent of Africa has become the prime target of assistance. The increased worldwide attention to climate change and the urgency in combating its consequences may lead to renewed interest from the government. Chances for Dutch funding of CCOP project(s) may still be possible through funds that are centrally managed, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in The Netherlands, and earmarked for cross-border activities and/or support to local institutions. Besides Dutch development assistance there are possibilities of co-operation through Dutch-sponsored programmes that have the objective to increase Dutch exports. These programmes are being pursued actively in country-to-country initiatives outside the direct context of CCOP. Furthermore possibilities may increase for research cooperation in the EU framework programmes. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral) China: Started in March 2003, the project Capacity Building of a China Groundwater Information Centre, financed jointly by the Ministry and the Netherlands, is progressing smoothly. The project aims to install groundwater monitoring networks and the geohydrological information system REGIS in Beijing and in three pilot areas and strengthens co-operation between the China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring and the Geological Survey of the Netherlands - TNO. The project is scheduled to run until June In March 2003 a feasibility study to support the recently established Centre for Land Subsidence, Shanghai, was submitted to the Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Netherlands. A proposal for joint financing awaits final negotiations between the partners. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 307 CCOP Technical Secretariat

285 3. Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities The Geological Survey of the Netherlands - TNO will continue to seek funding for joint co-operation projects and appreciates initiatives from CCOP Member Countries for opportunities to co-operate. 4. Reports/publications of technical activities for dissemination to CCOP Member Countries including contributions to GRID-Net The Geological Survey of the Netherlands - TNO publishes a bulletin: "Information Subsurface and Groundwater" with articles on advances in research and results of geoscientific studies carried out by the Survey on groundwater and the (shallow) subsurface. The edition: Information Geo-Energy, about the exploration and production of oil and gas research, is published twice a year in English and is mailed to all Member Countries. For other information, go to the web-site www/tno.nl, and then click on Geological Survey of the Netherlands. IGRAC: During the 4 th World Water Forum in Mexico City, Mexico, 2006, UNESCO and WMO reconfirmed the importance of sustainable groundwater management. The International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre (IGRAC), operating under the auspices of UNESCO and WMO and hosted by the Geological Survey of the Netherlands - TNO, presented a session on risk management for groundwater. The centre operates a Global Groundwater Information System, promotes and develops guidelines and protocols and the exchange of groundwater information worldwide. Activities are progressing well and the member countries are invited to consult the web under to be informed about the results so far and also contribute information to the benefit of the groundwater community worldwide. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 308 CCOP Technical Secretariat

286 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Country Report of Norway Submitted by Erling Kvadsheim Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Norway (For Agenda Item 4.1) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 309 CCOP Technical Secretariat

287 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING COUNTRY REPORT Country/Organization: NORWAY Period: 1 July June Summary This has been another active year in the cooperation between CCOP and Norway, with the main activities being the finalization of the PPM Project and the planning of the new Enhanced Public Petroleum Management (EPPM) Project. There has also been activity on bilateral projects with CCOP Member Countries and with other countries in the region, in addition to Petrad activities (reported separately as a Cooperating Organisation). Norway has also cooperated with CCOP and bilaterally with Member Countries in various post-tsunami initiatives. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral) a. Petroleum Policy and Management (PPM) PPM is a four-year project run through CCOP for its Member Countries. The total budget is 19.6 million NOK (approx. 2.6 million US$) funded from Norway. The project commenced on July 1 st 2002 and will run until late The main activities in this project are built on four case studies in Cambodia, China, Indonesia and the Philippines. The goal of the PPM Project is to enable government organisations responsible for petroleum resource management in the CCOP Member Countries to: Establish a sustainable and efficient national petroleum management policy Envisage the mechanism and importance in revising and improving their petroleum management and policy arrangements due to changes in political, economic and market conditions Enhance their capacity and capability in petroleum resource management based upon a realistic assessment of their own petroleum potentials utilising national data. NPD provided the project coordinator for the two first years of the Project. Mr. Gunnar V. Søiland coordinated the project at the CCOP TS from until Mr. Sim Caluyong from the Philippines has the full coordination responsibility for the remainder of the project period. 19 workshops, 5 seminars, several expert visits and 5 dissemination seminars have been conducted. A key aspect for PPM is to utilise competence and human resource sharing within the CCOP region. A number of Experts from China, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and have lectured and guided the group exercises during the workshops. In addition, private consultants from the United States, Norway and the Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 311 CCOP Technical Secretariat

288 Philippines have been hired for specific expert visits to the case study host organisations. The topics for these visits have included Basic Petroleum Geology, Petroleum Economics, Marginal Field Development, Gas Field Developments and Policy Framework Development. NPD have provided technical assistance and participated with resource persons on several PPM activities. Items covered by NPD have been Resource Assessment of Basins/Plays/Prospects, Petroleum Economics, Fiscal Regimes, Marginal Field Development and Policy Framework Development. b. Total Resource Assessment Project, Phase II (VITRA II) This project is based on an institutional cooperation agreement between Petro and NPD. The VITRA II goal is to ensure that the ese Authorities who deal with the management of energy resources have a comprehensive knowledge of the total petroleum resources of the country, and that they continue to use this knowledge at management/policy level for overall strategic planning for the further development of the energy sector. The project started in late 2002 with a budget of 1.4 million USD. During this fourth year of the project focus has been on continuing the implementation of the new resource inventory database in Petro. Four workshops have been conducted in cooperation with NPD, three in and one in Norway. The themes of the workshops have included establishing guidelines for reporting of data, establishment of a temporary database, and quality control of the reported data. One workshop has focused on guideines for field development plans. A fifth workshop is being planned for late 2006 regarding a study of fiscal terms. c. Aid for Developing Cambodia s Oil and Gas Industry CNPA (Cambodian National Petroleum Authorities) sent an application to Norway on February 19 th 2004 for aid related to the development of Cambodia s Oil and Gas Industry. Cambodia also requested a Training Needs Assessment (TNA) from Petrad, which was performed during the second half of An initiating seminar attended by NPD, Petrad, Norad, legal firms and relevant Cambodian government institutions was held in Phnom Penh in March Based on the findings from the TNA and the seminar, a revised application was sent to Norway by June An agreement for a 2-year project with a budget of NOK 7 million was signed between Norad and CNPA in December The goal of the project is to strengthen Cambodia s ability to govern the exploration and production of its petroleum resources by improving CNPA s ability to: Write and maintain the legal framework for its upstream and downstream petroleum industry Carry out bilateral negotiations and establish a legal framework under which two or three neighbouring countries can utilize petroleum resources in overlapping claims areas. Negotiate petroleum licenses with oil companies Promote Cambodia s petroleum resources by maintaining a competitive licensing and model petroleum contract. NPD was assigned the task of coordinating the project and a contract for the cooperation between CNPA and NPD was signed in June Five international legal firms have applied for the job to undertake the role as local project coordinator and give legal advice. The final selection of consultant will take place shortly and the project be implemented by year end of Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 312 CCOP Technical Secretariat

289 d. Safety and Environmental Management Project, Phase II Phase II of the project has been finalized. An application has been sent by Petrovietnam for a Phase III which would include management systems and support in the development of possible new institutions in. e. Tsunami risk reduction measures with focus on land use and rehabilitation The purpose of this project was to establish practical guidelines for land use and rehabilitation of the devastated areas, considering the risk of future earthquake and tsunami events. The project focused on establishing rehabilitation plans along the tsunami struck areas along the coasts of Thailand so that consequences of potential future tsunamis can be limited to an acceptable level. It involved identifying the earthquake and tsunami risk levels and alternative risk reduction measures. The work was carried out by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) in cooperation with the Department of Mineral Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources in Thailand and other government agencies and private stakeholders dealing with rehabilitation after the 26 December 2004 tsunami event. The following main activities were included in the project: Identification of earthquake-initiated tsunami hazards Tsunami modelling and hazard mapping and comparison to extreme storm surge exposure Risk mitigation measures Establishing overall reconstruction and rehabilitation plans with acceptable risk levels for three typical areas along the coast of Thailand Local interaction with authorities and stakeholders in Thailand Regional use and dissemination of the results of the project through regional seminars and workshops organised by CCOP An Advisory Panel meeting and a workshop was held in Phuket, Thailand, in December The Project was completed early in 2006 with a dissemination seminar in Bangkok with 263 participants. 3. Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities a. Enhanced Public Petroleum Management (EPPM) CCOP Technical Secretariat, NPD and the Norwegian Embassy in Bangkok are cooperating in defining a new project for financing by Norway. The objective of the project will be to strengthen and maintain the accumulated knowledge of petroleum resource management in the CCOP and to expand it with new techniques and experiences. In addition the project will include relevant activities in relation to Knowledge Management in some specific fields that are of particular value to the CCOP Member Countries. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 313 CCOP Technical Secretariat

290 The project will comprise four main areas : Petroleum resource management Natural gas field developments Regulations in the health, safety and environment (HSE) of the upstream petroleum sector and Metadata system for petroleum The project will be organized with the CCOP Technical Secretariat as the executing organization, but based on cooperation with NPD, Petrad and the Petroleum Safety Authority, Norway. The project will also include : Feasibility study of networking of petroleum geoscience institutes and organizations in the CCOP Member Countries This study will consider including the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) as regional partner of the CCOP Technical Secretariat for networking. The inclusion of AIT is in accordance to the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between CCOP and AIT signed on 13 June An application to the Norwegian authorities for the financing of such a project has been forwarded. 4. Others a. Relevant Norwegian activities in non-member countries in the region Assistance in developing the management of the petroleum sector in Timor-Leste The objective of the project is to provide institutional cooperation between the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate and the Ministry of Natural Resources, Minerals and Energy Policy and associated institutions in Timor-Leste performing petroleum sector management functions, such that the Norwegian experience of developing a public sector petroleum administration can benefit the country, and such that NPD s technical expertise and other Norwegian and international expertise can be utilized in developing a well-functioning petroleum administration in Timor-Leste. The project period is six years at an estimated cost of 6.9 mill USD. The project started in It comprises several resident and non-resident advisors, seminars, workshops and a large training and education program. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 314 CCOP Technical Secretariat

291 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Country Report of Sweden Submitted by Lars Persson Geological Survey of Sweden, Sweden (For Agenda Item 4.1) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 315 CCOP Technical Secretariat

292 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING COUNTRY REPORT Country/Organization: SWEDEN Period: 1 July June Summary See below. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral). The activities from SIDA in the CCOP region are mainly bilateral. It is sometimes difficult to decide which projects can be considered as mainly geoscientific. SGU itself has at this moment no specific activities in the CCOP-region. CHINA Ongoing projects (as of August 2006) CONTRACT FINANCED TECHNICAL COOPERATION Environment Project: Capacity Building of Yunnan provincial government and non-governmental stakeholders to effectively implement EIA/SEAs in Yunnan Province Purpose: To improve the capacity of Yunnan provincial and local EPBs to fulfil their anticipated roles in conducting EIA/SEAs in good collaboration with other stakeholders in Yunnan. Sida contribution: 8.2 MSEK Start: 3 years (June ) Contract partners: Yunnan EPB and Ramboll Natura Contact Person in Sweden: Ms. Anna Olsson, Ramboll Natura Project: Capacity Building for Promoting Environmental Friendly Enterprises Purpose: Increase SEPA s capacity to use different policy instruments for the promotion of environmental improvement in industry in general and improvement of the CEFE-program in particular. Sida contribution: 4.5 MSEK Start: 2 years (June ) Contract partners: State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) and Swedish Environmental protection Administration Contact Person in Sweden: Ulrika Forsgren- Sida Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 317 CCOP Technical Secretariat

293 Project: Bilateral course Operational Hydrology Purpose: Training in the use of hydro meterological processes in operational water management. Sida contribution: 3.4 MSEK Start: November , Phase II Contract partners: Ministry of Water Resources and SMHI Contact Person in Sweden: Mr Bo Holst, SMHI Project: Sino-Swedish Capacity Building of WTO and Environment Protection Purpose: Enhance and spread the knowledge on WTO-related environmental issues among officials responsible for environment and trade related issues, in order to influence restructuring and policy-making so that SEPA can ensure an environmentally sustainable development Sida contribution: 8.6 MSEK Start: Spring 2005, duration 3 years Contract partners: SEPA and Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Contact person in Sweden: Mrs. Inger Klöfver, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Project: Capacity Development of the Environmental management in Bijie Prefecture, Guizhou Province Purpose: Contribute to environmentally sustainable development in Guizhou Province through strengthening of the capacity of the environmental administration. Within the project, a master plan for restoration of abandoned mining areas and sustainable development of zinc industries in Bijie will also be prepared. Sida contribution: 8 MSEK Start: Spring 2005, duration 3 years Contract partners: Guizhou EPB and Ramboll Natura/Hifab AB Contact person in Sweden: Mr. Patrik Lund, Ramboll Natura Project: Institutional collaboration between Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) and Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering (IVA) Purpose: Institutional cooperation and exchange of scientists in the area of renewable energy and institutional cooperation Sida contribution: 3 MSEK Start: August 2004, duration 2 years with possibility for extension Contract partners: Chinese Academy of Engineering and Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering (IVA) Contact person in Sweden: Ms Ulla Svantesson, IVA Project: Local Agenda 21, phase 3 Purpose: To consolidate the capacity of ACCA 21 to lead the work with local agenda 21, and to evaluate and summarize the pilot projects in three Chinese cities/areas designated in phase 1-2. Sida contribution: 4.9 MSEK during 3 years Start: August 2004 Contract partners: L.I.F.E Academy and ACCA 21 (Administrative Centre for China s Agenda 21 Contact person in Sweden: Lars Hallén Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 318 CCOP Technical Secretariat

294 OTHER ON-GOING PROJECTS FINANCED BY SIDA Project: Bilateral course Environmental Impact Assessment Purpose: To raise the capacity among SEPA staff in especially strategic EIA Sida contribution: about 16 million SEK Start: 5 years ( ) Implementing partners: SEPA and Scandiaconsult Natura Contact person in Sweden: Ms. Anna Olsson, Ramboll Natura Project: Bilateral course Environmental Education Purpose: To raise the capacity with regard to environmental education Sida contribution: about 22 million SEK Start: 5 years ( ) Implementing partners: Ramboll Natura Contact person in Sweden: Thomas Hertzman, Ramboll Natura REGIONAL PROGRAMMES WHICH INCLUDE CHINA (Not complete) Project: Sharing Knowledge on Markets, Landscapes and Environmental Policies Purpose: To contribute to a reorientation of higher education for natural resource management in Southeast Asia concentrating on integrated approaches that address both environmental conservation and poverty alleviation Sida contribution: about 13 million SEK Implementation partner: World Forestry Centre Project: Asian Regional Research Programme on Environment Technology Phase II (ARRPEET II) Purpose: The support to Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in organising a reseach network with participation from national research institutions in the Philippines, India, Indonesia, China, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and. The purpose is to support applied technical research to solve urban environmental problems in Asia. Sida contribution: 32 Million Swedish Kronor for (Sida also supported phase I ) Implementing partner: Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Project: Asian Regional Research Programme in Energy, Environment and Climate Purpose: To enhance capacity and preparedness of the Asian developing countries regarding identification and assessment of national greenhouse hag mitigation options. Implementation Partner: Asian Institute of Technology Project: Sustainable Mekong (waiting for final decision) Purpose: Support to a regional reseach etwork called Sustainable Mekong Research Network (Sumernet), which is an association of at present 12 regional reseach and policy institutions. The inner circle includes nine national research institutions in Cambodia, China (Yunnan), LAO PDR, and Thailand. The remaining network members include region-based international organisations. The project has four inter-related components: applied research, network development, capacity building and policy interaction. Sida contribution: 11 million Swedish Kronor for Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 319 CCOP Technical Secretariat

295 Implementing partners: Swedish Environmental Institute and different national research institutions in the participating countries. Project: Environmental sanitation and water in the Mekong Region (waiting for final decision) Purpose: To support and reinforce regional and national efforts to achieve the Millenium Development Goals as they relate to sanitation, water supply and health through scaling up sustainable options and building local capacity. The intention is to channel support for t country-level and regional/cross-country environmental sanitation and water activities in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and the provinces of Yunnan and Guangxi of China. Sida contribution: 29 MSEK, Implementing partners: The Water and Sanitation Program East Asia and the Pacific (WSP-EAP) 3. Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities The reports delivered in earlier years are on projects carried out by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, SIDA. The activities by SIDA are changing year by year and will also be considered in coming years in the CCOP region. SGU considers the CCOP activities as important with regard to co-working and cooperation. The mutual exchange of information is highly desirable and valuable. SGU will return to this question next year for further development of ideas concerning these activities which may be of value for all involved parties. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 320 CCOP Technical Secretariat

296 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Country Report of United Kingdom Submitted by David C. Ovadia British Geological Survey (BGS) (For Agenda Item 4.1) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 321 CCOP Technical Secretariat

297 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING COUNTRY REPORT Country/Organization: UNITED KINGDOM Period: 1 July June Summary International donor organizations or development banks fund BGS s overseas work. As a result, BGS has co-operative activities in the CCOP region where there are projects funded from these sources or from the national governments of CCOP member states. Currently, China, Japan and Papua New Guinea fall into those categories. BGS activities in those countries are described below. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral) The British Geological Survey (BGS) has cooperative activities with China, Japan, Papua New Guinea and, indirectly, with Indonesia. Geo-resources: BGS is engaged with China in a number of activities, principally through joint research in carbon dioxide sequestration, through the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and PetroChina as sponsors of the BGS Edinburgh Anisotropy project and through several visiting delegations from Chinese institutions to BGS. An example of this cooperation is the 12 th International Workshop on Seismic Anisotropy (12IWSA) held in Shi San Ling Conference and Resort Centre, 20 km North of Beijing, China between October, The Workshop is co-organised by the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the British Geological Survey. BGS works in Japan through the provision of specialist advice and consultancy in radioactive waste disposal, and through a relationship with Mindeco towards joint working in development projects in Africa and elsewhere. BGS has worked in Papua New Guinea almost continuously since the mid-1990s and is currently leading a large consortium project, with partners from Germany and South Africa, that is providing institutional strengthening to the Geological Survey Department and geological/geochemical mapping in the Highlands, under European Union (SYSMIN) funding support. This project is expected to be active from 2006 until Geo-information: Following the various activities that involved BGS and CCOP after the 2004 Asian Tsunami, BGS has supplied data and advice to the German Geological Survey (BGR) for their project in the Banda Aceh region of Indonesia. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 323 CCOP Technical Secretariat

298 3. Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities It is anticipated that current activities described above will continue into future years. Beyond that, cooperation will depend on the availability of externally funded projects. BGS is engaged in various research programmes in CO2 sequestration and in the study of gas hydrates both as a potential energy resource and in terms of their potential to affect climate change. Cooperative activities in these fields with CCOP countries would be welcome. 4. Reports/publications of technical activities for dissemination to CCOP Member Countries including contributions to GRID-Net Zong, Y. Lloyd, J.M. Leng, M.J. Yim, W.W.-S Huang, G Reconstruction of Holocene monsoon history from the Pearl River Estuary, Southern China, using diatoms and carbon isotope ratios: In: The Holocene Vol. 16 pt/no 2 (2006) p Appleton, J.D. Zhang, Q. Green, K.A. Zhang, G. Ge, X. Liu, X. Li, J.X. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Selenium in soil, grain, human hair and drinking water in relation to esophageal cancer in the Cisian area, Hebei Province, People s Republic of China: In: Applied Geochemistry Vol. 21 pt/no 4 (2006) p Richards, A. Parrish, R.R. Harris, N. Argles, T. Zhang, L. Open University, Department of Earth Sciences. University of Leicester. China University of Geosciences Correlation of lithotectonic units across the eastern Himalaya, Bhutan: In: Geology (1973) Vol. 34 pt/no 5 (2006) p Others BGS is an active participant in the Forum of Commonwealth Geological Surveys that includes Malaysia and Papua New Guinea, which are both Commonwealth countries. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 324 CCOP Technical Secretariat

299 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Country Report of U.S.A. Submitted by Delegation of U.S.A. (For Agenda Item 4.1) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 325 CCOP Technical Secretariat

300 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING COUNTRY REPORT Country/Organization: U.S.A. Period: 1 July June Summary Technical activities, both bilaterally and multilaterally, continue between the U.S., CCOP, and CCOP Member Countries. These activities fall under the CCOP geoscience programs of Energy, Minerals, Geohazards and Marine. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral and Bilateral). Energy Programme: a) USGS and the Philippines Department of Energy are in the final stages of signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) that will formalize ongoing joint activities in the study of coal bed methane in selected Philippines coal basins. b) USGS continues to work with a Gas Hydrates consortium that includes the U.S., Canada, Germany, Japan, China and India. This partnership is addressing the assessment of gas hydrates, extraction and production of gas hydrates, and the geohazard and environmental issues surrounding extraction and production. Minerals Programme: a) CCOP-USGS Quantitative Mineral Resources Assessment of SE Asia. The CCOP- USGS mineral resources activity is part of the USGS Global Mineral Resource Assessment Project that is a 5-year initiative to assess the identified and undiscovered non-fuel mineral resources of the world. Under the CCOP-USGS MOU, a series of workshops have been held in various venues over the past several years, the last of which was in Kunming, China, and was hosted by the China Geological Survey. The assessments for porphyry copper and sediment-hosted copper have been completed and are in review within USGS. A draft of a preliminary review document, including shape files, permissive tract descriptions, tables of undiscovered deposits and estimated probabilistic endowments has been sent to the National Coordinators for CCOP Member Countries for their review and comment. Assessment activities continue for Potash, PGE, Ni-laterite and Sn-W resources. b) Through the efforts of CCOP and USGS, there will be Sessions at the 2008 International Geological Congress (IGC) where the focus will be on reporting the progress made on the Global Mineral Resources Assessment Project. One of the highlights will be the work done with CCOP and the Asia Region. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 327 CCOP Technical Secretariat

301 Geohazards Programme: a) USGS, NOAA, and USAID continue to work with CCOP Member countries and Indian Ocean countries on tsunami and earthquake risk assessment, risk mitigation, and coastal rehabilitation. Workshops have been held in Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives over the past year. Activities include upgrading of seismic capabilities and installation of tsunami early warning systems and centers. b) USGS continued to work with PHILVOCS in the Philippines and the Indonesian Government on volcano monitoring and volcano hazards in and around the several active volcanoes in these countries. This activity is expected to continue. Marine Programme: NOAA Sea Grant Activities in Asia. NOAA continues to collaborate on Sea Grant International (SGI) activities with Indonesia and South Korea, helping the countries adapt the Sea Grant model of applied research, extension/outreach, and education; providing technical assistance and capacity building; and continuing the ongoing dialogue regarding a regional network. a) In 2006, NOAA's SGI activities, working with Indonesia's Sea Partnership Program (SPP), included the following activities: 1. in July in Pandang, West Sumatra, a training course was led by experts from Florida Sea Grant on developing a national extension training academy; 2. in May, a Fulbright Senior Specialist from Rutgers University visited the SPP's South Sulawesi Regional Center for several weeks to lecture on heavy metals in the coastal zone; 3. in August, the Sea Partnership, U.S. Sea Grant, and Korea Sea Grant participated in the Coastal Zone Asia Pacific Conference (CZAP 2006), where the Sea Grant model and its approach to addressing pressing coastal and marine resource issues was widely discussed; and finally; 4. in June and September, two capacity building and ocean observations workshops were held, both of which included Sea Grant experts to contribute to developing capacity in the application of marine observations for decision-making and forecasting. b) In 2006, NOAA's Sea Grant International activities, working with South Korea's Sea Grant Program, included the following activities: 1. a documentary film crew and Korea Sea Grant staff visited four U.S. State Sea Grant Programs in January to film a documentary on the impacts of the U.S. Sea Grant System; 2. in April, California Sea Grant visited Busan to lead a strategic planning workshop; and 3. in June/July, there was a follow-up meeting during which an MOU was signed to establish a two sister-program between Calfifornia Sea Grant and the Honam and Yeongnam Sea Grant Programs. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 328 CCOP Technical Secretariat

302 3. Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities. a) USGS will continue to help facilitate CCOP-USAID (NOAA-USGS) cooperation on Tsunami related work. b) The CCOP Texas A&M University (TAMU) Fellowship is a cooperative programme between CCOP and TAMU in the USA. Under this programme, TAMU will provide graduate education fellowships to outstanding government and industry personnel from the CCOP Member Countries. In additon to the educational aspects, the program hopes to develop joint research projects between TAMU faculty and scientists and agencies in the CCOP Member Countries. c) In 2007 (tentative), NOAA Sea Grant International (SGI) plans to integrate a component with the U.S. Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System, focusing on extension training follow-up, development of sister-school programs between SPP and U.S. Sea Grant programs, formalizing an extension mentoring and exchange program and continuing a discussion on regional activities and pilot projects in Thailand. d) In Korea, NOAA tentative activities include several exchanges to further develop the substantive aspects of the sister-program relationships, as well as Korean participation in Sea Grant Week 2007 in California. Korea is planning to establish its third Sea Grant program in Incheon in e) CCOP has agreed to manage and host the 6 th Annual "Seismic Analysis Workshop" in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in early December This workshop brings together seismologists and earthquake specialists from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Thailand, China, Indonesia, U.S. and UNESCO. USGS and UNESCO are cosponsors of these workshops. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 329 CCOP Technical Secretariat

303 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Organization Report of ASCOPE Submitted by Zainal A. Matassan ASEAN Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE) (For Agenda Item 4.2) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 331 CCOP Technical Secretariat

304 COOPERATING ORGANIZATION REPORT COOPERATING ORGANIZATION REPORT RD CCOP ANNUAL SESSION RD CCOP ANNUAL SESSION OCTOBER 29-NOVEMBER 3, 2006 OCTOBER 29-NOVEMBER 3, 2006 DAEJEON, KOREA DAEJEON, KOREA By By Zainal A Matassan Zainal A Matassan Secretary in Charge Secretary in Charge ASEAN Council on Petroleum ASEAN Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE) (ASCOPE) CONTENTS CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND 1. BACKGROUND 1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN 1.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN 1.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL 1.2 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN ASEAN MEMBER PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES COUNTRIES 1.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ASEAN COUNCIL ON 1.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ASEAN COUNCIL ON PETROLEUM (ASCOPE) PETROLEUM (ASCOPE) 1.4 ASEAN COUNCIL ON PETROLEUM (ASCOPE) 1.4 ASEAN COUNCIL ON PETROLEUM (ASCOPE) MEMBERSHIP MEMBERSHIP 2. CURRENT ASCOPE COUNCIL MEMBERS 2. CURRENT ASCOPE COUNCIL MEMBERS 3. ASCOPE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 3. ASCOPE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 4. COOPERATION WITH CCOP 4. COOPERATION WITH CCOP 5. PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES 5. PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 333 CCOP Technical Secretariat

305 BACKGROUND BACKGROUND ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN ESTABLISHMENT OF ASEAN On the 8th of August 1967, five countries in the South East Asian region namely Indonesia, Malaysia, On the 8th the of Philippines, August 1967, Singapore, five countries and Thailand in the South signed East The Asian Bangkok region Declaration namely Indonesia, in Bangkok, Malaysia, Thailand the Philippines, to mark the Singapore, establishment and Thailand of the Association signed The Bangkok of South East Declaration Asian Nations in (ASEAN). Bangkok, Thailand to mark the establishment of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The Declaration underlined a basic approach to regionalism conducted through the consultation and The coordination Declaration of underlined activities a among basic approach ASEAN Members.The to regionalism Bangkok conducted Declaration through the also consultation described and coordination the objectives of activities and extent among of cooperation ASEAN Members.The among the ASEAN Bangkok Members Declaration in which also each State, described while the retaining objectives its primary and extent responsibility of cooperation to safeguard among the the ASEAN stability Members of national in which each development State, while in retaining its own its country, primary would responsibility cooperate under to safeguard the auspices the stability of the following of national guidelines: development in its own country, would cooperate under the auspices of the following guidelines: Joint endeavors in the spirit of equality and partnership Promotion Joint endeavors of collaboration in the spirit and of mutual equality assistance and partnership on matters of common interest and utilization Promotion of of their collaboration agricultural and and mutual industrial assistance resources on matters of common interest and Promotion utilization of of South their East agricultural Asian studies and industrial resources Maintenance Promotion of of South close and East beneficial Asian studies cooperation with existing international and regional organizations Maintenance with of close similar and aims beneficial and purposes cooperation with existing international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes BACKGROUND BACKGROUND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN ASEAN MEMBER THE DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES OF THE NATIONAL PETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN ASEAN MEMBER COUNTRIES The United Nations Resolution 626 on the Principle of Permanent Sovereignty Over Natural Wealth The United and Resources Nations Resolution adopted by 626 the on 7 th the United Principle Nations of Permanent General Assembly Sovereignty on December Over Natural 21, 1952 Wealth recognized and Resources that the adopted right of people by the 7 to th utilize United and Nations exploit General their natural Assembly wealth on December and resources 21, is 1952 inherent recognized in their country s that the right sovereignty. of people In to addition, utilize and it also exploit stated their that natural the peoples wealth and may resources for their is inherent own ends, in their freely country s dispose of sovereignty. their natural In wealth addition, and it resources, also stated and that in the no case peoples at all may may for people their own be deprived ends, freely of its dispose own means of their of subsistence. natural wealth and resources, and in no case at all may people be deprived of its own means of subsistence. The Landmark Resolution (also known as Resolution 1803) which was adopted by the 17th United The Landmark Nations General Resolution Assembly (also known on the as 14th Resolution of December 1803) 1962 which served was to adopted further by emphasize the 17th the United right to Nations self determination General Assembly and permanent on the 14th sovereignty of December over 1962 natural served wealth to further and resources. emphasize the right to self determination and permanent sovereignty over natural wealth and resources. Ten years later, on the 19th of October 1972, the 13th General Meeting of the United Nations Conference Ten years on later, Trade on the and 19th Development of October (UNCTAD) 1972, the 13th adopted General a resolution Meeting to of reaffirm the United the Nations sovereign Conference of all on countries Trade and to Development freely dispose (UNCTAD) of their natural adopted resources a resolution for the to benefit reaffirm of their the national sovereign development. of all countries to freely dispose of their natural resources for the benefit of their national development. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 334 CCOP Technical Secretariat

306 BACKGROUND BACKGROUND These Resolutions set the foundations for the establishment of the National Petroleum Industry and, These in ASEAN, Resolutions National set the Oil foundations and Gas entities for the were establishment set up: of the National Petroleum Industry and, in ASEAN, National Oil and Gas entities were set up: PERMINA of Indonesia was established in In 1971 it was renamed PERTAMINA and currently PERMINA is known of Indonesia as PT PERTAMINA was established (PERSERO). in In 1971 it was renamed PERTAMINA and currently is known as PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO). Singapore established the Singapore Petroleum Company (SPC) in 1969, Philippines established the Singapore Philippine established National Oil the Company Singapore (PNOC) Petroleum on Company November (SPC) 9, 1973, in 1969, PETRONAS Philippines of Malaysia established in the December Philippine 1974, National Petro Oil Company in 1975, (PNOC) Petroleum on November Authority 9, of 1973, Thailand PETRONAS (PTT) in of 1978, Malaysia and the in Petroleum December Unit 1974, of Petro Brunei Darussalam in 1975, in Petroleum Authority of Thailand (PTT) in 1978, and the Petroleum Unit of Brunei Darussalam in Within the ASEAN Member Countries, the National Oil and Gas Companies took charge of petroleum Within the matters ASEAN and Member exercised Countries, on behalf the of National their respective Oil and governments, Gas Companies the took implementation charge of of petroleum their sovereign matters right and to exercised hydrocarbon on behalf resources of their respective governments, the implementation of their sovereign right to hydrocarbon resources BACKGROUND BACKGROUND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ASEAN COUNCIL ON PETROLEUM ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ASEAN COUNCIL ON PETROLEUM Proposed by PERTAMINA of Indonesia in June 1975 and established on October 15, 1975, by five Proposed founding by members PERTAMINA from Indonesia, of Indonesia Malaysia, in June 1975 the Philippines, and established Singapore, on October and Thailand. 15, 1975, by five founding members from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Under the ASCOPE Declaration, it was recognized that petroleum is of strategic importance to the Under economic the ASCOPE development Declaration, of Southeast it was Asian recognized countries that and petroleum that the is interests of strategic and importance well being of to the the people economic of the development region should of be Southeast protected Asian in their countries pursuit and for that economic the interests development. and well Under being of the the declaration, people of the ASCOPE region is should firstly be an protected instrument in their for regional pursuit for cooperation economic on development. petroleum and Under energy the declaration, matters among ASCOPE ASEAN is firstly Member an instrument Countries. for In this regional regard, cooperation the aims and on petroleum purpose of and ASCOPE energy matters (as underlined among ASEAN in both the Member ASCOPE Countries. Declaration In this of regard, Establishment the aims and, and also, purpose the of Memorandum ASCOPE (as of underlined Understanding) in both are the strictly ASCOPE in line Declaration with the of objectives Establishment of ASEAN and, also, as follows: the Memorandum of Understanding) are strictly in line with the objectives of ASEAN as follows: Promotion of active collaboration and mutual assistance in the development of petroleum resources Promotion in the of region active collaboration through joint endeavors and mutual in assistance the spirit in of the equality development and partnership of petroleum Collaboration resources in the in the region efficient through utilization joint endeavors of petroleum in the spirit of equality and partnership Providing Collaboration mutual in assistance the efficient in personnel utilization training of petroleum and the use of research facilities and services Providing in all mutual phases assistance of the petroleum in personnel industry training and the use of research facilities and Facilitating services in exchange all phases of of information the petroleum industry Holding Facilitating of Conferences exchange of and information Seminars Maintenance Holding of Conferences of close cooperation and Seminars with existing international and regional organizations with Maintenance similar aims of and close purposes. cooperation with existing international and regional organizations with similar aims and purposes. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 335 CCOP Technical Secretariat

307 BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Effective 1999 the Vision of the ASEAN Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE) Effective 1999 the Vision of the ASEAN Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE) is ASCOPE shall be globally competitive in an open international market is ASCOPE shall be globally competitive in an open international market by creating and facilitating synergistic business opportunities while actively by creating and facilitating synergistic business opportunities while actively engaging in the petroleum and petroleum related business. engaging in the petroleum and petroleum related business. BACKGROUND BACKGROUND ASEAN COUNCIL ON PETROLEUM (ASCOPE) MEMBERSHIP ASEAN COUNCIL ON PETROLEUM (ASCOPE) MEMBERSHIP ASCOPE Member Countries are represented in ASCOPE by their respective National ASCOPE Member Countries are represented in ASCOPE by their respective National Oil Companies or, in cases where the country does not have a National Oil Company, Oil Companies or, in cases where the country does not have a National Oil Company, by the Authority in charge of petroleum matters. The five founding members of by the Authority in charge of petroleum matters. The five founding members of ASCOPE were: ASCOPE were: Indonesia (PERTAMINA) Indonesia (PERTAMINA) Malaysia (PETRONAS) Malaysia (PETRONAS) Philippines (PNOC) Philippines (PNOC) Singapore (SPC) Singapore (SPC) Thailand (PTT) Thailand (PTT) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 336 CCOP Technical Secretariat

308 BACKGROUND BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam (Petroleum Unit of the Prime Minister s Office) joined Brunei Darussalam (Petroleum Unit of the Prime Minister s Office) joined ASCOPE in 1985, but effective August 2005 Petroleum Unit was replaced ASCOPE in 1985, but effective August 2005 Petroleum Unit was replaced by Brunei National Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad by Brunei National Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad (PetroleumBRUNEI). (PetroleumBRUNEI). (PETROVIETNAM) became the 7th Member of ASCOPE on (PETROVIETNAM) became the 7th Member of ASCOPE on November 5, November 5, Cambodia (Cambodian National Petroleum Authority - CNPA) and Cambodia (Cambodian National Petroleum Authority - CNPA) and Myanmar (Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise - MOGE) became ASCOPE Myanmar (Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise - MOGE) became ASCOPE Members on February 14, Members on February 14, Lao PDR (Ministry of Energy and Mines) became an ASCOPE Member in Lao PDR (Ministry of Energy and Mines) became an ASCOPE Member in February February MYANMAR MYANMAR LAOS LAOS THAILAND THAILAND CAMBODIA VIETNAM CAMBODIA VIETNAM PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES PETROLEUM BRUNEI. PETROLEUM OF BRUNEI BRUNEI. DARUSSALAM OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) PT PERTAMINA OF INDONESIA (PERSERO) OF INDONESIA PETRONAS OF MALAYSIA PETRONAS OF MALAYSIA PNOC OF THE PHILIPPINES PNOC OF THE PHILIPPINES MALAYSIA MALAYSIA SINGAPORE SINGAPORE INDONESIA INDONESIA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BRUNEI DARUSSALAM SPC OF SINGAPORE SPC OF SINGAPORE PTT OF THAILAND PTT OF THAILAND PETROVIETNAM OF PETROVIETNAM OF VIETNAM CAMBODIAN NATIONAL CAMBODIAN PETROLEUM NATIONAL AUTHORITY PETROLEUM (CNPA) AUTHORITY (CNPA) MYANMA OIL AND GAS ENTERPRISE MYANMA OIL (MOGE) AND GAS ENTERPRISE (MOGE) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 337 CCOP Technical Secretariat

309 CURRENT ASCOPE COUNCIL MEMBERS CURRENT ASCOPE COUNCIL MEMBERS ASCOPE COUNCIL MEMBERS ASCOPE COUNCIL MEMBERS The highest authority in ASCOPE is the ASCOPE Council The highest authority in ASCOPE is the ASCOPE Council The current ASCOPE Council Members are: The current ASCOPE Council Members are: Haji Ja afar Bin Haji Awang Bakar of Brunei Darussalam Chief Haji Executive Ja afar Bin Officer, Haji Awang Brunei Bakar National of Brunei Petroleum Darussalam Company Sendirian Berhad (PetroleumBRUNEI) Chief Executive Officer, Brunei National Petroleum Company Sendirian Berhad (PetroleumBRUNEI) H.E. Mr Sok An of Cambodia Deputy H.E. Prime Mr SokMinister An of Cambodia and Chairman of the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority Pak Ari Soemarno of Indonesia President Pak Ari Director Soemarno and of CEO Indonesia of PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) President Director and CEO of PT PERTAMINA (PERSERO) H.E. Mr Huomphone Bulyaphol of Lao PDR Director H.E. Mr General, Huomphone Ministery Bulyaphol of Energy of Lao and PDR Mines Director General, Ministery of Energy and Mines Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri Dato Sri Mohd Hassan Marican of Malaysia President Yang Berbahagia and Chief Executive Tan Sri Dato of PETRONAS Sri Mohd Hassan Marican of Malaysia President and Chief Executive of PETRONAS U Myint Kyi of the Union of Myanmar Managing U Myint Director Kyi of the of the Union Myanma of Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) Managing Director of the Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise (MOGE) Mr Eduardo V. Manalac of the Philippines President Mr Eduardo and Chief V. Manalac Executive of the Officer Philippines of the Philippine National Oil Company President and Chief Executive Officer of the Philippine National Oil Company Mr Choo Chiau Beng of Singapore Chairman Mr Choof Chiau Singapore BengPetroleum of Singapore Company Limited (SPC) Chairman of Singapore Petroleum Company Limited (SPC) Mr Prasert Bunsumpun of Thailand President Mr Prasert of PTT Bunsumpun Public Company of Thailand Limited (PTT) President of PTT Public Company Limited (PTT) Dr Tran Ngoc Canh of the Socialist Republic of President Dr Tran and Ngoc CEO Canh of Petro of the Socialist Republic of President and CEO of Petro ASCOPE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ASCOPE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ASCOPE COUNCIL ASCOPE COUNCIL ASEAN MINISTERS ASEAN ON MINISTERS ENERGY MEETING ON (AMEM) ENERGY MEETING (AMEM) AGC BOARD AGC BOARD ASCOPE NATIONAL ASCOPE COMMITTEES/ NATIONAL AGC GOVERNING COMMITTEES/ COUNCIL AGC GOVERNING COUNCIL ASCOPE SECRETARIAT ASCOPE SECRETARIAT SENIOR OFFICIALS ON ENERGY SENIOR MEETING OFFICIALS ON ENERGY (SOME) MEETING (SOME) ASCOPE GAS CENTRE ASCOPE (AGC) GAS CENTRE (AGC) EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION EXPLORATION BDCAND PRODUCTION BDC ASCOPE Petroleum Consortium ASCOPE Task Petroleum Force Consortium Task Force PROCESSING AND REFINING PROCESSING BDCAND REFINING BDC TRADING AND MARKETING TRADING BDCAND MARKETING BDC TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE AND SERVICES COMMITTEE APSA Task Force ASCOPE APSA NGV Task Force Task Force ASCOPE ASCOPE Crisis NGV Management Task ForceTask Force ASCOPE ASCOPE Technology/R&D Crisis Management Task Force Task Force ASCOPE Technology/R&D Task Force TAGP TASK FORCE TAGP TASK FORCE ASEAN GAS CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL ASEAN GAS Expert Working Group 1 CONSULTATIVE (AGCC) Expert COUNCIL Expert Working Working Group Group 2 1 (AGCC) Expert Expert Working Working Group Group 3 2 Expert Expert Working Working Group Group 4 3 Expert Expert Working Working Group Group 5 4 Expert Expert Working Working Group Group 6 5 Expert Expert Working Working Group Group 7 6 Expert Expert Working Working Group Group 8 7 Expert Expert Working Working Group Group MARCH 2006 Expert Working Group 9 7 MARCH 2006 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 338 CCOP Technical Secretariat

310 COOPERATION WITH CCOP COOPERATION WITH CCOP The interests and activities of CCOP and ASCOPE are similar, and as such The interests and activities of CCOP and ASCOPE are similar, and as such cooperation between CCOP and ASCOPE is mutually beneficial. cooperation between CCOP and ASCOPE is mutually beneficial. In addition, some ASCOPE Members are also Members of CCOP, and as such In addition, some ASCOPE Members are also Members of CCOP, and as such cooperation is natural. cooperation is natural. As to date, as a team, CCOP, PETRAD and ASCOPE have organized and As to date, as a team, CCOP, PETRAD and ASCOPE have organized and managed approximately 147 Seminars, Workshops and Conferences which managed approximately 147 Seminars, Workshops and Conferences which have benefited about 5573 participants from East and Southeast Asia. have benefited about 5573 participants from East and Southeast Asia. AREAS OF CURRENT AND FUTURE COOPERATON AREAS OF CURRENT AND FUTURE COOPERATON Petroleum Policy and Management (PPM) Petroleum Policy and Management (PPM) Institutional Capacity Building in CCOP Countries Phase 1 Project Institutional Capacity Building in CCOP Countries Phase 1 Project (ACB-CCOP-1) Project (ACB-CCOP-1) Project Post-PPM Project Post-PPM Project Other Activities Other Activities Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 339 CCOP Technical Secretariat

311 PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) The main objective of the Project is to enable Government Organizations responsible The main objective of the Project is to enable Government Organizations responsible for petroleum resource management, in the case of ASEAN, mainly the Members of for petroleum resource management, in the case of ASEAN, mainly the Members of the ASEAN Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE), to: the ASEAN Council on Petroleum (ASCOPE), to: Establish and maintain a sustainable and efficient national petroleum management and Establish and maintain a sustainable and efficient national petroleum management and policy policy Prepare the mechanism and update the petroleum management and policy Prepare the mechanism and update the petroleum management and policy arrangements in response to the prevailing political, economic and market arrangements in response to the prevailing political, economic and market conditions, and conditions, and Build capacity and capability in petroleum resource management based upon realistic Build capacity and capability in petroleum resource management based upon realistic assessment of national petroleum potentials and national data assessment of national petroleum potentials and national data PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) In 2005, as parts of the PPM Project, CCOP, with the assistance and In 2005, as parts of the PPM Project, CCOP, with the assistance and cooperation of ASCOPE and PETRAD, undertook 4 Case Studies, cooperation of ASCOPE and PETRAD, undertook 4 Case Studies, organised Workshops and Seminars and acquired Software Technology organised Workshops and Seminars and acquired Software Technology for some CCOP/ASCOPE Members. for some CCOP/ASCOPE Members. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 340 CCOP Technical Secretariat

312 PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) THE 4 CASE STUDIES THE 4 CASE STUDIES The Khmer Basin The Khmer Basin a Frontier Basin of Cambodia a Frontier Basin of Cambodia The Sulu Seas and East Palawan Basins The Sulu Seas and East Palawan Basins Frontier Basins of the Philippines Frontier Basins of the Philippines The Sichuan Basin The Sichuan Basin Semi-mature Basin of China, and Semi-mature Basin of China, and The Kutei Basin The Kutei Basin Mature Basin of Indonesia Mature Basin of Indonesia PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) Up to September 2006, some of the accomplishments of the PPM Project Up to September 2006, some of the accomplishments of the PPM Project are: are: 19 Workshops and 9 Seminars 19 Workshops and 9 Seminars 19 Expert Visits 19 Expert Visits 1 Special Training Course for Cambodia (and PNG) 1 Special Training Course for Cambodia (and PNG) IT Equipment and Training for Cambodia, and IT Equipment and Training for Cambodia, and IT (Software - use of GeoX) Maintenance IT (Software - use of GeoX) Maintenance Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 341 CCOP Technical Secretariat

313 PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) CAMBODIA CASE STUDY CAMBODIA CASE STUDY Workshops such as The General Overview of the Geology, Workshops such as The General Overview of the Geology, Petroleum Resource Assessment and GeoX Training Petroleum Resource Assessment and GeoX Training Expert Visits such as Training Course on Petroleum Expert Visits such as Training Course on Petroleum Geology and Data Interpretation. Geology and Data Interpretation. PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PHILIPPINES CASE STUDY PHILIPPINES CASE STUDY Workshops such as Exploration Strategies and attracting Workshops such as Exploration Strategies and attracting Investments for Exploration in the Frontier Basin Investments for Exploration in the Frontier Basin Expert Visits such as Natural Gas Management - the Role of Expert Visits such as Natural Gas Management - the Role of the Government. the Government. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 342 CCOP Technical Secretariat

314 PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) INDONESIA CASE STUDY INDONESIA CASE STUDY Workshops such as Marginal Fields : Development Options, Workshops such as Marginal Fields : Development Options, Technology and Economics Technology and Economics Expert Visits such as Deepwater Technology Expert Visits such as Deepwater Technology PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) Total attendance in PPM Project is about 1,200 consisting of about 60% Total attendance in PPM Project is about 1,200 consisting of about 60% Geoscientists, and ASCOPE participation of about 24%. Geoscientists, and ASCOPE participation of about 24%. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 343 CCOP Technical Secretariat

315 ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN CCOP INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN CCOP COUNTRIES PHASE 1 PROJECT (ICB-CCOP-1) COUNTRIES PHASE 1 PROJECT (ICB-CCOP-1) LONG-TERM OBJECTIVE LONG-TERM OBJECTIVE To strengthen the capacity of the Public Authorities within the CCOP To strengthen the capacity of the Public Authorities within the CCOP and ASCOPE Member Countries to assess their countries hydrocarbon and ASCOPE Member Countries to assess their countries hydrocarbon potentials potentials ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES To promote regional cooperation in enhancing and integrating the existing knowledge To promote regional cooperation in enhancing and integrating the existing knowledge of the petroleum systems in the region, and thus, contribute to a sustainable of the petroleum systems in the region, and thus, contribute to a sustainable development of the available resources development of the available resources To enhance the research and/or exploration capabilities of the Geoscientists of the To enhance the research and/or exploration capabilities of the Geoscientists of the various governmental upstream petroleum agencies of the CCOP/ASCOPE Member various governmental upstream petroleum agencies of the CCOP/ASCOPE Member Countries Countries To introduce the local Geoscientists to available modern Techniques and Technologies To introduce the local Geoscientists to available modern Techniques and Technologies applicable to the exploration and/or exploitation of hydrocarbons applicable to the exploration and/or exploitation of hydrocarbons To disseminate the knowledge captured and thus facilitate the implementation of To disseminate the knowledge captured and thus facilitate the implementation of similar projects in other petroleum areas of Member Countries similar projects in other petroleum areas of Member Countries Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 344 CCOP Technical Secretariat

316 ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES To promote regional cooperation in enhancing and integrating the existing knowledge To promote regional cooperation in enhancing and integrating the existing knowledge of the petroleum systems in the region, and thus, contribute to a sustainable of the petroleum systems in the region, and thus, contribute to a sustainable development of the available resources development of the available resources To enhance the research and/or exploration capabilities of the Geoscientists of the To enhance the research and/or exploration capabilities of the Geoscientists of the various governmental upstream petroleum agencies of the CCOP/ASCOPE Member various governmental upstream petroleum agencies of the CCOP/ASCOPE Member Countries Countries To introduce the local Geoscientists to available modern Techniques and Technologies To introduce the local Geoscientists to available modern Techniques and Technologies applicable to the exploration and/or exploitation of hydrocarbons applicable to the exploration and/or exploitation of hydrocarbons To disseminate the knowledge captured and thus facilitate the To disseminate the knowledge captured and thus facilitate the implementation of similar projects in other petroleum areas of Member Countries implementation of similar projects in other petroleum areas of Member Countries ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 To contribute to the efforts of CCOP/ASCOPE Member Countries to: To contribute to the efforts of CCOP/ASCOPE Member Countries to: * Promote the hydrocarbon potential of the geological basins in the * Promote the hydrocarbon potential of the geological basins in the region region * Encourage Joint Exploration and Development that can * Encourage Joint Exploration and Development that can contribute to Integrated Regional Economic Development, and contribute to Integrated Regional Economic Development, and * Attract Investment from the Oil and Gas Industry * Attract Investment from the Oil and Gas Industry Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 345 CCOP Technical Secretariat

317 ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 PROJECT COMPONENTS PROJECT COMPONENTS Case Study Case Study Workshops Workshops Technical Training Technical Training Dissemination Seminars Dissemination Seminars Technology Transfer Technology Transfer ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 CASE STUDY AREAS CASE STUDY AREAS 1. SONG HONG - YINGGEHAI BASIN 1. SONG HONG - YINGGEHAI BASIN Partners: Partners: PETROVIETNAM and VPI of, and PETROVIETNAM and VPI of, and CGS and CNOOC of China CGS and CNOOC of China 2. SULU SEA - NORTH EAST SABAH - TARAKAN 2. SULU SEA - NORTH EAST SABAH - TARAKAN BASINS (SuSuTa) BASINS (SuSuTa) Partners: Partners: LEMIGAS of Indonesia LEMIGAS of Indonesia DOE of the Philippines, and DOE of the Philippines, and PETRONAS of Malaysia PETRONAS of Malaysia Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 346 CCOP Technical Secretariat

318 ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 WORKSHOPS WORKSHOPS Total 4 Workshops Total 4 Workshops 2 in in in 2006, and 1 in 2006, and 1 scheduled for April 2007 in 1 scheduled for April 2007 in ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 TRAINING COURSES AND EXPERT VISITS TRAINING COURSES AND EXPERT VISITS Total 6 Training Courses and Expert Visits Total 6 Training Courses and Expert Visits 3 completed in completed in scheduled for November 2006 in China, and 1 scheduled for November 2006 in China, and 2 scheduled for 2007, one in Indonesia and 1 2 scheduled for 2007, one in Indonesia and 1 in in Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 347 CCOP Technical Secretariat

319 ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 FIELD TRIPS FIELD TRIPS Total 3 Field Trips Total 3 Field Trips March 2006 in Sabah, Malaysia March 2006 in Sabah, Malaysia April 2006 in Hainan Island, China, and April 2006 in Hainan Island, China, and April 2006 in April 2006 in ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 IES BASIN MODELLING SOFTWARE LICENSES IES BASIN MODELLING SOFTWARE LICENSES Purchased and Issued 5 Licenses to Case Study Host Purchased and Issued 5 Licenses to Case Study Host Countries in May 2006 Countries in May 2006 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 348 CCOP Technical Secretariat

320 ICB-CCOP-1 ICB-CCOP-1 DISSEMINATION SEMINARS DISSEMINATION SEMINARS Scheduled for 3 Scheduled for rd 3 rd and 4 and th 4 th Quarters of 2007 in Case Study Quarters of 2007 in Case Study Host Countries Host Countries PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES PROPOSED FUTURE ACTIVITIES ASCOPE will continue to work together with CCOP, and PETRAD ASCOPE will continue to work together with CCOP, and PETRAD on the: on the: 1. POST-PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT 1. POST-PETROLEUM POLICY AND MANAGEMENT (PPM) (PPM) 2. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE CCOP 2. INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE CCOP COUNTRIES PHASE 1 PROJECT (ICB-CCOP-1) COUNTRIES PHASE 1 PROJECT (ICB-CCOP-1) PROJECT, AND PROJECT, AND 3. OTHER ACTIVITIES 3. OTHER ACTIVITIES for mutual benefits and for the common good of CCOP and ASCOPE for mutual benefits and for the common good of CCOP and ASCOPE Members. Members. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 349 CCOP Technical Secretariat

321 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Organization Report of Circum-Pacific Council Submitted by David G. Howell CPC (For Agenda Item 4.2) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 351 CCOP Technical Secretariat

322 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING ORGANIZATION REPORT Country/Organization: Circum-Pacific Council Period: 1 July June Summary The Circum-Pacific Council (CPC), founded in 1972 by Michel T. Halbouty, is an International non-governmental, tax-exempt association of earth scientists and engineers who represent industry, academia, government and other organzations and institutions. Its mission is to foster international and cross-sector communications for sustaining earth resources and understanding risk in the Pacific Region and its goals are to improve the knowledge of earth resources and natural hazards, increase collaborations among geoscience practitioners and disseminating earth science information through maps, publications, symposia and workshops. The Circum-Pacific regional activities are grouped under 4 sub regions: North America, Latin America, Oceania and Asia. The activities are planned and implemented by the CPC Council and Members who serve the cause on a voluntary basis. During the reporting period, activities undertaken by CPC include the holding of the Annual Director s Meeting, hosted by Dr. Robin Falconer of the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Science, New Zealand, preparations for the international energy conference Fueling the Rim which will be hosted by CNPC and other Chinese Co-organizers, China; the conduct of an Aggregate Workshop in Fiji, hosted by SOPAC, and a Marine Benthic Habitats Workshop in Wellington hosted by the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, and NIWA, New Zealand. On going discussions were held regarding preparation of a video about CPC Make the World Strong This is planned to be a promotional video of CPC, and to publicize the importance of geoscience, energy, mineral, water resources and geohazards to the general public. Once developed, it will be made available to the CPC constituents and associates. 2. Review of current technical activities and geoscience programmes in the CCOP Region (Multilateral or Bilateral) The current major activity of CPC is the preparation for the International Energy Conference, which is planned for October 2007 in Beijing, China. The objective of the conference is to discuss the global energy issues, with particular emphasis on the countries in and around the Pacific basin. The conference will look into supply, demand and transport of various types of energy, technology development, effect of infrastructures on supply-demand, and forecasts of the future. The conference will be limited to 300 participants with a maximum of 175 from foreign countries. Both foreign and Chinese energy experts are expected to speak, including key note addresses, scientific and technological presentations, Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 353 CCOP Technical Secretariat

323 and country/regional reports. A maximum of 10 industry organizations will also be invited to exhibit at the Conference. The Conference host is the China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) and support by the other National Oil Corporations, namely the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) and the China Petroleum and Chemincal Corporation (SINOPEC), has also been agreed. A preliminary outline program has been prepared and this is continuously being refined and updated. Full information will be released once all the internal procedures in China have been completed. CPC would like to invite CCOP Member Countries, Cooperating Countries, Cooperating Organizations and individuals to join in the Conference. CPC also encourages constituents of CCOP to join as Sponsors for the Conference. CPC has also been approved as an Associate Partner to the International Year of the Planet Earth in early Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities CPC is planning to hold a workshop to be hosted by the Russian Academy of Science on Water Issues in the fall of 2007 or Dr. Maurice Terman, CPC Director Emeritus, also proposed to develop a project on coastal risk assessment maps focusing on risk assessment in the aftermath of Tsunami. One area of interest is the on-going research on CO 2 Geo-sequestration work that is being conducted at the Crown Research Center based in Canberra, Australia headed by Dr. Peter Cook, who is also a CPC Director. The research may be of interest to CCOP; several of the energy projects are addressing the CO 2 issues. The holding of a marine benthic habitat workshop to be held in the CCOP region is also under discussion for An application software for working out the feasibility of a geothermal project, developed by Dr. Gerardo Hiriart, CPC Director, has been translated from Spanish to English and is available to anyone who is interested. Other activities of CPC outside the region include the plan to hold a marine benthic habitats workshop in New Caledonia in It will be a joint effort of the CPC, the New Caledonian Government, GeoHab, SPC, SOPAC, SPREP, Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences and NIWA of New Zealand. A workshop on Water and Energy from Renewable Resources is also planned in Mexico City, preceding the CPC Directors meeting in the latter part of March, Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 354 CCOP Technical Secretariat

324 ANNEX I FIRST CALL FOR INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PACIFIC RIM OIL &GAS EXPLORATION AND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT With the aim to better practice the scientific concept of development, achieve a harmonious world, and promote Pacific Rim oil & gas exploration and sustainable energy development, Chinese Association of Petroleum Geology (CAPG) and the Circum-Pacific Council for Energy & Mineral Resources (CPC), together with other units, plan to hold a International Symposium on Pacific Rim Oil & Gas Exploration and Energy Development in Beijing in October A. Aims of Symposium To study Pacific Rim oil & gas distribution and its effective allocation and clarify the role and position of oil & gas in Pacific Rim energy development and the key area of oil & gas exploration and development; To strengthen regional cooperation in oil & gas exploration and energy development with international oil & gas exploration technology and resources management; To exchange technical, economic and management experience in Pacific Rim oil & gas exploration; To promote Pacific Rim oil & gas planning and achieve balance in oil & gas supply and demand in future years ( ); To create an opportunity for personnel in multi-disciplinary and oil & gas related area to exchange ideas and experience. B. Symposium Topics Current situation of Pacific Rim oil & gas exploration; Latest advances in petroleum geology theory and exploration technology; Natural gas exploration and application technology; Offshore oil exploration technology; Effects of petroleum economy, human resources, trade, market, environment and geological disasters on oil & gas exploration; Petroleum reserve strategy and technology; Substitute energy strategy and its roles; Regional cooperation strategy of oil & gas exploration and energy development. C. Organizations and Work Plan The preparation work for the international symposium has received approval from Ministry of Land and Resources, China Geological Survey, Chinese Petroleum Society and China National Petroleum Corporation. The organizers are Chinese Association of Petroleum Geology (Petroleum Geology commission of Chinese Petroleum Society), the Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources; the cosponsors are Chinese Academy of Engineering, US National Academy of Science, American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) and etc. The international symposium follows the principle of selffinancing, and China National Petroleum Corporation, Sinochem Corporation, China National Offshore Oil Corporation and others energy and mineral resources corporations will provide partial financial support. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 355 CCOP Technical Secretariat

325 The organization body of the international symposium has three committees: Instruction Committee, Academic Committee and Management Committee. The number of participants is about 280. In view of the topic, level and scale of the international symposium, about 100 foreign guests and 180 domestic guests will be invited according to the tentative plan. The international symposium will be held in Beijing during October 16 th -18 th, D. Submission Requirement All authors are required to submit the abstracts in both Chinese and English (less than 800 words) of the papers to the Management Committee before the deadline of ; The keynote speakers are required to submit the PPT files of the papers, both in Chinese and English, as well as the brief introduction of the first author, to the Management Committee before ; The Management Committee will announce the outcome of peer review on Contact: Telephone: Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 356 CCOP Technical Secretariat

326 E. Outline Programme Day Session Presentation Opening ceremony speech PetroChina 20 mins Day one Session 1 9:00am-10:20am Opening ceremony speech Chinese government 20 mins Kernel speaker - WPC 20 mins Kernel speaker Chinese Land Resource Ministry 20 mins Tea break 10:20am-10:30am Session 2 10:30am-12:00am Kernel speaker US 20 mins Kernel speaker Russia 20 mins Kernel speaker Australia 20 mins Kernel speaker PetroChina 20 mins Lunch 12:00am-1:30pm Session 3 Kernel speaker Sinooc 20 mins 1:30pm 3:30pm Kernel speakers 5 others 20 mins each Tea break 3:30pm-3:40pm Session 4 Kernel speakers 5 others 20 mins each 3:40pm 5:20pm Day two Day three Parallel Session 1 Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation 9:00am 12:00am (tea break at 10:20am for 10 mins) Parallel Session 2 Unconventional Resource and other resource 9:00am 12:00am (tea break at 10:20am for 10 mins) Lunch 12:00am-1:30pm Parallel Session 3 Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation 1:30pm 5:20pm (tea break at 3:30pm for 10 mins) Parallel Session 4 Unconventional Resource and other resource 1:30pm 5:20pm (tea break at 3:30pm for 10 mins) Parallel Session 1 Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation (tea 9:00am 12:00am break at 10:20am for 10 mins) Parallel Session 2 Unconventional Resource and other resource 9:00am 12:00am (tea break at 10:20am for 10 mins) Lunch 12:00am-1:30pm Session 3 Kernel speaker CNOOC 20 mins 1:30pm 3:30pm Kernel speaker Gasprog 20 mins Kernel speakers 4 others 20 mins Tea break 3:30pm-3:40pm Closing ceremony Closing speech CPC 20 mins 3:40pm 4:20pm Closing speech Chinese Rep. 20 mins Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 357 CCOP Technical Secretariat

327 Attachment 1 About CPC and Its Major Activities The Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, founded in 1972, is a non-governmental, non-profit academic organization. Its founder is the well-known American petroleum geologist Michael Halbouty. He was also the energy adviser to the American former President Bush and overseas academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Its present chairman is petroleum geologist Nahum Schneidemann (Director of International Cooperation Department of Chevron). The members of the organization are world famous geologists from all parts of the world. Wenyou Zhang, famous geologist and academician, is among the first Chinese who took part in the activities of the organization, and Academician Guangming Zhai is a current member of the organization. The organization promotes research on energy development and environment changes in the Pacific Region. Since 2000, it has completed systematic Circum-Pacific geological maps, conducted research on damaging geologic hazards and promoted academic exchanges. In 2002, CPC and Chinese Petroleum Association with the support from China Petroleum Corporation held the Symposium on Chinese Petroleum Exploration in 21 st Century in Hangzhou, exchanging worldwide experience in oil & gas exploration area and new technology, and achieved great success, which provided valuable reference for Chinese oil & gas exploration. Since 2002 when the Symposium on Chinese Petroleum Exploration in 21 st Century was held successfully, CPC officers has communicated with Academician Guangming Zhai several times, expressing hopes to convene a symposium on Pacific Rim energy development (focusing on petroleum). The aims of the symposium is to see clearly the current situation of energy development in the region and the development trends around the region and put forward constructive suggestions on oil & gas exploration and energy development. In February 2006, at the annual meeting of CPC in New Zealand, it was decided that Symposium on Pacific Rim Oil & Gas Exploration and Energy Development be held in October 2007, and it was suggested that Chinese Association of Petroleum Geology, together with CPC, hold the symposium. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 358 CCOP Technical Secretariat

328 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Organization Report of GETECH Submitted by J. Derek Fairhead (For Agenda Item 4.2) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 359 CCOP Technical Secretariat

329 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING ORGANIZATION REPORT Country/Organization: GETECH Period: 1 July June Summary In September 2005 Geophysical Exploration Technology Ltd (GETECH) floated on the London Alternative Investment Market (AIM) and became a public company raising 2,500,000 net on a capitalisation of 12,000,000. The new company name is GETECH Group plc. The company has expanded its activities in South East Asia considerable in the last two years with the formation of the Petroleum Systems Evaluation Group (PSEG). The Group is headed up by two top geoscientists, Drs John Jacques and Paul Markwick, and has a workforce of 9 persons, which is likely to double in size within the next two years. 2. Current Studies Marketing of magnetic compilation data: Exploration interest in the region continues to grow and sales of MESA magnetic compilation data have been healthy. Currently the royalty owed to CCOP amounts to US$37,575 and to DOE Philippines US$5,800. New Oil Industry Studies: The current focus of the Petroleum Systems Evaluation Group (PSEG) studies, is SE Asia. All of these studies have been pre-committed to by oil companies operating within the region and are non-exclusive. As of November 2006, we will have completed the following studies: Offshore SE China and (including the Song Hong, Beibu Gulf, Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan basins) The Tertiary Rifts of the Gulf of Thailand and the Mesozoic Khorat Plateau Basin. Details about these studies can be obtained from GETECH s representative in Singapore, Jon Savage savage@starhub.net.sq Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 361 CCOP Technical Secretariat

330 3. Future Studies Data Compilation: GETECH is discussing with Petrovietnam a new gravity and magnetic compilation study of to bring together all the disparate data sets so they can be reprocessed and used in a coherent way to help evaluate new concession blocks on offer. Final approval for the study to proceed is expected before the end of Oct Petroleum Systems Evaluation Studies: A range of new studies focused in SE Asia are being undertaken during , which are likely to include Myanmar and the continental passive margins of India/Bangladesh. Members of CCOP wishing to know more about these studies should contact Jon Savage savage@starhub.net.sq in Singapore. CCOP- Workshop? GETECH believes that working closely with national oil companies in SE Asia it can more accurately evaluate and identify the petroleum systems present thus allowing a more rapid exploitation of its natural resources within a given region. To promote the methods being developed and exploited by GETECH we are willing to provide a 2-3 day high level workshop co-ordinated by CCOP for senior explorationists of the national oil companies so they can appreciate the interdisciplinary methods and techniques used. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 362 CCOP Technical Secretariat

331 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Organization Report of IUGS Submitted by Delegation of IUGS (For Agenda Item 4.2) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 363 CCOP Technical Secretariat

332 1 Why an International Year of Planet Earth? To demonstrate the great potential of the Earth sciences in the building of a safer, healthier and wealthier Society To encourage Society to apply this potential more effectively 1 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 365 CCOP Technical Secretariat

333 UN Year of Planet Earth Focus on: Science Outreach 1 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 366 CCOP Technical Secretariat

334 10 Science Themes 1. Groundwater towards sustainable use 2. Hazards minimising risk, maximising awareness 3. Earth & Health building a safer environment 4. Climate the stone tape 5. Resources towards sustainable use 6. Megacities going deeper,, building safer 7. Deep Earth from crust to core 8. Ocean abyss of time 9. Soils the living skin of the Earth 10. Earth & Life origins of diversity 1 Examples of science activities Google Earth 3D Transparent Earth: 1:1M digital map of the world International Science Congresses Wikipedia Quality label for Medical Geology International Consortium on Urban Geoscience Design for underground cities Research grants for students in LDC s New member in Nature family: Journal on Earth Sciences 1 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 367 CCOP Technical Secretariat

335 Outreach Programme Aims: Generate greater awareness among the public of the wide-ranging importance of the geosciences for human life and prosperity Stimulate awareness of the societal contributions of the geosciences within national education systems Increase understanding of the societal importance of the geosciences on the part of decision-makers 1 Examples of Outreach (1) Top Conferences in all continents Conference on indigenous geo-knowledge vs geosciences Balloon launches Geo-buses World Ministries of Mining Forum (2008) Exhibitions Popular books and articles Tours and excursions 1 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 368 CCOP Technical Secretariat

336 Examples of outreach (2) Teaching teachers TV Documentaries DVD on sustainable extraction Youth and the Earth Geoparks Olympic Games Stamps New Year Concert Music Symphony Art Competitions Planet Earth ringtones 1 Website 1 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 369 CCOP Technical Secretariat

337 Timing of the International Year 1 Output by 2010 More geoscience-based decision-making, leading to: less casualties, less loss of property from geohazards Smarter and more sustainable extraction of georesources More and better use of underground space Less people affected by Earth-related related health risks (re-)introduction of geosciences in national educational systems More students leading to a new generation of geo- experts Better profile of the profession and related industry 1 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 370 CCOP Technical Secretariat

338 National Committees Year of Planet Earth by 6 October Australia 15. Malaysia 2. Austria 16. Mongolia 3. Bulgaria 17. Namibia 4. Canada 18. New Zealand 5. Czech Republic 19. Peru 6. Estonia 20. Romania 7. France 21. Spain 8. Germany 22. Sweden 9. India 23. Switzerland 10. Iraq 24. Tanzania 11. Ireland 25. UK 12. Italy 13. Japan 14. Lithuania 1 National committees 1 Oct 06 1 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 371 CCOP Technical Secretariat

339 Patrons H.E Sam Nujoma, Founding President Namibia H.E. Benjamin W. Mkapa, Former President U. R. of Tanzania Sir Mark Moody Stewart President Anglo American 1 1 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 372 CCOP Technical Secretariat

340 Patron Mkapa with Tanzanian school kids after performing a recital on Planet Earth 1 Invitation to CCOP 1. Produce Plan for science activities 2. Produce Outreach plan with concrete actions 3. Organize launcing event with media 4. Sign MoU with International corporation 5. Initiate national & international activities 6. Mobilise partnerships with Surveys and other institutions 1 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 373 CCOP Technical Secretariat

341 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea Cooperating Organization Report of PETRAD Submitted by Oystein Berg (For Agenda Item 4.2) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 375 CCOP Technical Secretariat

342 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 24 th Floor, Suite , Thai CC Tower, 889 Sathorn Tai Road, Sathorn, Bangkok 10120, Thailand Tel: (66) , Fax: (66) , Website: ANNUAL COOPERATING ORGANIZATION REPORT Country/Organization: PETRAD Period: 1 July June Summary Petrad - International Programme for Petroleum Management and Administration is a Norwegian Government Foundation established by Norad (the Norwegian International Agency for Development Cooperation) and the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate in 1989 to coordinate and facilitate sharing of knowledge and experience within the Petroleum Sector. This is done through tailor- made courses, seminars and projects in cooperation with Government Institutions and National Oil Companies in developing and industrializing countries. A total of more than managers and experts from 92 countries have participated in the Petrad programmes so far. Experts and lecturers for the various activities come mainly from the Norwegian Petroleum Authorities, the Norwegian and International Petroleum Industry, Universities and R&D Institutions. However, a large number of international lecturers have also made their contributions. Petrad draws each year on the expertise of approximately 200 lecturers from government agencies, companies and organisations Petrad Management has cooperated with CCOP since From 1984 to 1989 the cooperation was coordinated through NECOR. Petrad has conducted a total of 150 courses and seminars together with CCOP Member Countries with a total of nearly 6000 participants. According to statistics presented by CCOP T/S in 2002, the Petrad activities account for 76.3% of participants in all CCOP geo-resources sector programs and 67.4% of participants in all CCOP long and short-term projects and training activities since Petrad is thus by far the largest contributor to CCOP activities in terms of participation. Petrad has in addition had 163 participants from the region attending the 8-week courses held in Stavanger, Norway, every year since Most of these participants have received scholarships worth approximately USD each. These scholarships have been made available through Norad and the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy. Petrad also arranged EPF/94 - Exploration Promotion Forum in conjunction with the World Petroleum Congress in Stavanger, Norway, in June This was a great success. Petrad sponsored on this occasion 26 experts from 6 CCOP Members and CCOP T/S. Petrad also assisted CCOP with the arrangement of another EPF in August 2002 in conjunction with ONS Offshore Northern Seas Exhibition and Conference. The Official CCOP Delegation consisted of 25 persons. In addition there were another 25 representatives from CCOP Members who participated in the ONS-EPF. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 377 CCOP Technical Secretariat

343 Petrad has in all the years since the cooperation with CCOP started had large number of requests for tailor-made courses and seminars. In the period until 1997 Petrad was able to fulfill many of the requests from the CCOP Members with funds allocated for East and Southeast Asia by the Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy and Norad. However, since 1997, the funding of Petrad seminars in the region has been considerably reduced. Petrad has however with very limited financial support from the Norwegian Government (Ministry of Petroleum and Energy) tried its best to keep up the cooperation with CCOP TS and its Members. This has been possible because many of the speakers used by Petrad who come from Norwegian Petroleum Authorities and Petroleum Industry, have been willing to assist on courses and seminars without any charge for time and have in very many cases also covered their own cost for travel and accommodation. Petrad has been able to arrange a total of 7 seminars/workshops together with CCOP TS since the Annual Meeting 2005 with a total of 470 participants. In addition a number of other activities involving CCOP Member countries have been undertaken (see below). All logistics and practical administration for the Petrad seminars in East and Southeast Asia is done by CCOP TS with some very few exceptions. Petrad pays a fee for these services according to hours worked plus cost of overheads, travel and accommodation. 2. Petrad activities with CCOP Members in the period October 2005 October 2006 The following activities have been arranged in cooperation with CCOP since the last Annual Meeting, September, 2005: Seminars / Courses arranged in cooperation with CCOP Petroleum Policy Upstream and Downstream Management, Jakarta, Indonesia 5-9/12, 2005 (43) Advanced Seismic Analysis, Putra Jaya, Malaysia, 6-8/3, 2006 (53) Drilling, Downhole Technology and Well Service, Tanggu, China, 24-26/4, 2006 (108) Deep Water Technology, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 22-26/5, 2006 (73) Crisis Communications Planning and Preparedness, Bangkok, Thailand, 22-23/6, 2006 (51) Petroleum Policy, Chengdu, China, 14-18/8, 2006 (57) Drilling, Well Service and Completion New Technology, Langkawi, Malaysia, 2-6/9, 2006 (85) Other activites arranged for CCOP Member countries Study tour to Norwegian Gas Transport and Processing facilities, TAGP Committee, Stavanger, Norway, and Zeebrugge (Belgium) 24-28/4, 2006 (10) Visit to Statoil and SINTEF Energy Research Centres, Trondheim, Norway by Senior Management from PTT Research Centre, Thailand 28/4,2006 (6) Norwegian Petroleum Policy and Management - Seminar for delegation from ese Ministries, Oslo and Stavanger, Norway 12-16/6, 2006 (11) Advanced Petroleum Management Seminar for China National Logging Corporation - Sudan Operations, Stavanger, Norway, 8-15/9, 2006 (9) Petrad 8-week course alumni and seminar for former Chinese students, Beijing, 16-17/10, 2006 (19) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 378 CCOP Technical Secretariat

344 Training Needs Assessment TNA - Training Needs Assessment, Department of Energy, Philippines, June/December 2005 January week courses in Stavanger, Norway Participants from the following countries in East and Southeast Asia participated in Petrad's 8-week courses (21 August - 12 October, 2006) in Stavanger, Norway: 'Upstream Petroleum Policy and Management': Cambodia (1), China (2), Papua New Guinea (1), Philippines (1), Thailand (1), 'Upstream Management of Petroleum Development and Operations': Indonesia (1), (1) All of these have received scholarships worth about USD each that were provided either by Norad or the Norwegian Ministry of Oil and Energy. Other activities Academic Advisory Council, Universiti Teknologi, Petronas, Malaysia. Dr. Oystein Berg, Managing Director of Petrad, is a Member, 23-25/7, Proposed future activities and assistance to CCOP in support to current and future activities The Members of CCOP have historically requested a large number of Petrad courses and seminars. It is hoped that the interest will continue. The Members of CCOP are therefore requested to propose new topics for courses and seminars as well as their needs for TNA Training Needs Assessments. 4. Reports/publications of technical activities for dissemination to CCOP Member Countries. All reports from previous Petrad seminars in East and Southeast Asia are available through the CCOP T/S. 5. Others Petrad is most grateful for the excellent cooperation with CCOP since 1984, and hopes that this cooperation can continue in the future. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 379 CCOP Technical Secretariat

345 ANNEX VII COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea CCOP WORKPLAN 2007 (January December 2007) I. Technical Programme GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR: Energy Programme Project / Activities Schedule Remarks Enhancing Public Petroleum Management (EPPM) A) Undiscovered Petroleum Resources Trainings / Meetings / Workshops/ Seminars B) Natural Gas Development and CDM Trainings / Meetings / Workshops/ Seminars C) HSE in Upstream Petroleum Trainings / Meetings / Workshops/ Seminars D) Metadata for Natural Gas Resources Trainings / Meetings / Workshops/ Seminars 4-year project (2007 June 2010) 2007 To be confirmed 2007 To be confirmed 2007 To be confirmed 2007 To be confirmed E) Feasibility of Networking of Geoscience Institutions Trainings / Meetings / Workshops/ Seminars 2007 To be confirmed Proposed Budget U$ 4,000,000.- Support by Norway MFA- Norwegian Embassy Bangkok Project topics include undiscovered petroleum resources, gas fields development and CDM, metadata for natural gas resources, HSE and networking of geoscience institutions Project Proposal being developed In discussion In discussion In discussion In discussion In discussion Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 381 CCOP Technical Secretariat

346 Project / Activities Schedule Remarks ICB-CCOP 1 Project Institutional Capacity Building in CCOP Member Countries Workshop / Field Study Workshop on Yinggehai-Song Hong Basin & Sulu Sea East Sabah Basin Case Study Seminar Yinggehai-Song Hong Basin Case Study Dissemination Seminar- China Yinggehai-Song Hong Basin Case Study Dissemination Seminar- Sulu Sea-East Sabah Basin Case Study Dissemination Seminar- Indonesia Sulu Sea-East Sabah Basin Case Study Dissemination Seminar-Malaysia Sulu Sea-East Sabah Basin Case Study Dissemination Seminar- Philippines Training Course / Expert Visit Training and Expert Visit on Mapping and Digital Mapping Procedures / GIS in Hydrocarbon Exploration Training on Onshore-Offshore Correlation: Utilisation of outcrop geology, well logs, core logs and core measurements from shallow core holes data for evaluation of offshore stratigraphy and reservoir properties Software and Hardware support to ICB Case Study Countries Sample Test: Sample from Malaysia and China- Fieldtrip 3-year project ( ) April rd and 4 th Quarter 2007 February 2007 Indonesia April On-going 2007 GEUS Budget USD 1,140,400.- Support by Denmark (DANIDA) ICB Case Study host countries: China,, Malaysia, Philippines, and Indonesia On-going CCOP-PETRAD Bilateral Seminars Seminars Topics from CCOP Member Countries CCOP-PETRAD-PETRONAS Petroleum Resource Management Forum 2007 CCOP and ASCOPE Members requested to send seminar topics to CCOP T/S January Malaysia In discussion Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 382 CCOP Technical Secretariat

347 Project / Activities Schedule Remarks CCOP-PETRAD Training Needs Assessment (A diagnostic tool to identify petroleum sector training and institutional requirement) TNA Pre-Tertiary Geology in Southeast Asia Technical Services on Geological Research by Dr. Henri Fontaine, incooperation with Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), and Mahidol University, and other requests by Member Countries 2007 In-cooperation with The Bridge Group and Stavanger University College 2007 Support by CCOP T/S and Member Countries CCOP-GETECH Bilateral Seminars Workshop on Identifying and Evaluating Petroleum Systems in Southeast Asia An Integrated Approach Gas Hydrates 2007 Workshop Programme proposed by GETECH to CCOP and ASCOPE Members In discussion Upon request by Member Countries Support by USA (USGS) Coal Bed Methane Upon request by Member Countries Support by USA (USGS) GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR: Minerals Programme Project / Activities Schedule Remarks 4 th Workshop on Global Mineral Resource Assessment (GMRAP) Community and Small-Scale Mining in Asia (CASM-Asia) 1 st Quarter 2007 Support by USA, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and China Geological Survey (CGS) In discussion 2007 To be confirmed Website development ASM Asia country status Sustainable Community for Small-Scale Mining in East and Southeast Asia Seeking DANIDA funding support In discussion Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 383 CCOP Technical Secretariat

348 GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR: Groundwater Programme Project / Activities Schedule Remarks Groundwater Management 2007 CCOP Regional dimension of proposed bilateral Cambodia project Groundwater Assessment and Control in the CCOP Region 3 rd Training Course on Groundwater Programme Continue 4-year project Commenced in April in Korea/Japan To be confirmed Support by Japan AIST/GSJ, GREEN Support by Japan AIST/GSJ, GREEN, and KIGAM AGWA Programme 2007 Assistance by PETRAD and AGWA in Project Proposal 1 st Working Group Meeting 2007 Support by Norway, AGWA In discussion GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR: Geohazards Programme Project / Activities Schedule Remarks Field Workshop for Volcanic Hazards Mitigation Exchange of Young Researchers for further understanding of Asian Volcanic Activities & Hazards Final Field Workshop for Volcanic Hazard Mitigation CCOP Tsunami Hazards Programme CCOP-NGI-ADPC Tsunami Risk Reduction Measures Project Phase II Proposed target areas are Indonesia, the Philippines, and Sri Lanka International Seminar on Earthquake and Tsunami Risk and Hazard Management for Resilient Community Continue 4-year project Commenced in April th Quarter 2007 Commence 2005 Support by Japan AIST/GSJ In-conjunction with CCOP Annual Session 2007 in the Philippines Seeking wide ranging support EU, Cooperating Countries, USAID 2007 Expected Budget USD 800,000.- Support by Norway (MFA), Royal Norwegian Embassy, Bangkok In-cooperation with NGI, ADPC Project Proposal is under preparation 2007 Indonesia Seeking for fund sources Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 384 CCOP Technical Secretariat

349 GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR: Coastal Zone Programme Project / Activities Schedule Remarks Integrated Geological Assessment of Deltas in Southeast Asia 3 rd Scientific Meeting inconjunction with 3 rd Annual Meeting of IGCP-475 DeltaMAP Continue 4-year project Commenced in April 2004 January 6-12 Dhaka, Bangladesh Support by Japan (AIST/GSJ) in cooperation with IGCP475 Separate meeting on CCOP s DelSEA Project In preparation GEO-ENVIRONMENT SECTOR: Environmental Geology Programme Project / Activities Schedule Remarks IODP-Global Climate Change Project Coastal Environment Management Strategy of the Delta Region (Phase I) Jointly with USGS, University of Wollongong & Australian National University, University of Kiel, Germany, Tongji University & Academy of Sciences, China Continue 3-year project April 2004 March 2007 Support by Japan Tokyo University Preparation of Final Project Report 2007 In discussion GEO-INFORMATION SECTOR Project / Activities Schedule Remarks GEOGRID On-going Support by Japan (GSJ/AIST & GTRC) 1 st GEOGRID Workshop CCOP-Metadata Project Phase II 1 st CCOP Metadata Working Group Meeting Phase-II SANGIS Project March Bangkok 3-year project In preparation Seeking Funding Support 2007 In discussion Bibliographic Database On-going Support by UNESCO/CIFEG Gridnet Programme On-going Workshop on Offshore Mapping 2007 Bilateral Activity / Support by Geological Survey of Canada Outreach, Education, Extension and Dissemination of Geoscience Information How to do it right: Sea- Grant Way 2007 CCOP T/S assistance in National Models Support by USA (Regional Sea Grant Model) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 385 CCOP Technical Secretariat

350 General Publication II. Publication and Documentation Publication / Activities Newsletters o Jul-Dec 2006 o Jan-Jun 2007 Schedule June December Budget (US$) Remarks 4, Hard copies per issue CCOP Annual Report 2006 June 3, Hard copies CCOP Annual Session Proceedings 43 rd Annual Session Proceedings Part I June Hard copies/ CD-ROMs Proceedings of 43 rd CCOP Annual Session Part II (Thematic Session) CCOP Steering Committee Meeting Reports September 5, Hard copies/ CD-ROMs Report of the 49 th SC Meeting June 60 Hard copies/ CD-ROMs 300 Report of the 50 th SC Meeting December 60 Hard copies/ CD-ROMs Technical Activities Reports/Proceedings Geo-Resources Sector CCOP Technical Bulletin Proceedings of GSJ/AIST Fund the CASM-Asia Meeting Report and Proceedings of EPPM Web Publication 2007 PPM Fund Workshop and Seminars Report and Proceedings of the ICB- CCOP I Project Activities Reports of the PETRAD Series of Seminar Geo-Environment Sector Final Report of Coastal Environment Management Strategy of the Delta Region (Phase I) Project Geo-Information Sector DANIDA Fund PETRAD Fund Tokyo University Hard copies and CD-ROM Hard copies and CD-ROM Hard copies and CD-ROM Proceedings of the GEOGRID Workshop 2007 CD-ROM CCOP Book on Geosites and Geoheritage ,000 Hard copies Others Publication of CCOP Promotion Activities and Brochures Purchase of technical publications, books, maps & subscription of periodicals , ,000 Virtual Library ,000 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 386 CCOP Technical Secretariat

351 III. Mission to Member and Cooperating Countries Project / Activities Schedule Budget (US$) Mission to Member Countries 2007 To be confirmed Remarks Discuss cooperation matters and assess needs of Member Countries Mission to Cooperating Countries and Organizations for Individual Activities and Short and Long Term Projects 2007 To be confirmed Discuss cooperation and assistance with Cooperating Countries Project Review Meetings Mission trip for participation in Conferences / Organizations / Meetings Mission Trips for Sector Managers to Member Countries Mission Trips for Sector Managers to Cooperating Countries / Organizations 26,900 CPC Annual Meeting 14 th ASCOPE Joint Committees Meeting 15 th ASCOPE Joint Committees Meeting Participation in CCOP Technical Activities IV. IT & Database Development Activities Schedule Budget (US$) Remarks Improvements of the CCOP Homepage Database Development / Technical Programme Workflow , ,000 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 387 CCOP Technical Secretariat

352 CCOP In-House Training V. Administration and Finance Activities Schedule Budget (US$) Remarks Account Principle & Taxation Training on Management / Marketing 6,000 Training on IT Training on General Geoscience Training in English CCOP Team Building 2007 April ,500 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 388 CCOP Technical Secretariat

353 ANNEX VIII COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea REPORT OF THE ADVISORY GROUP MEETING Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 389 CCOP Technical Secretariat

354 CCOP Advisory Group Daejeon 31 October :00 17:00 Summary of meeting and recommendations Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Topics CCOP progress Role of Advisors Brainstorming action plan Business plan Sector Managers CCOP membership Cooperating Country Representatives Member country organizations CCOP Director EAGER project Votes of thanks Resolution thanking Chen Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 391 CCOP Technical Secretariat

355 CCOP Progress The past year has seen maintained progress and increased momentum. Congratulations! Workload Continued increased number of activities Anticipated total 44!!!!!! Ambitious 2007 proposed draft workplan Funded projects Proposals being advanced Remaining concerns about staff workload Definition of optimal project portfolio? Training plan welcome progress organizational needs, capabilities = training actions Space considerations welcome Thailand initiatives Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) CCOP Progress The past year has seen maintained progress and increased momentum. Congratulations! Budget Continued progress to fiscal stability Reserves and cash balances More than one year reserve 1! New commitments have and can be made Sector managers Technology needed? e.g. laptops Conservative investment strategy interest revenue? Count in kind contributions Significant part of CCOP resources Cost of meeting attendance for delegates Advisors Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 392 CCOP Technical Secretariat

356 Role of Advisors A continuing conversation! Sustained willingness to serve CCOP Member Countries objectives and the Technical Secretariat Technical advisors editorial role? Issue publications as official CCOP outputs Maintain project level / leader responsibilities Advisors? Helped with Thematic Session publications Technical publication advisory team??? Dr Reedman will coordinate Technical advisors programmatic sector role? Needs further advice from Steering Committee Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Brainstorming action plan The advisory group is extremely gratified by the strong responses to the Brainstorming recommendations Implementation plan update at 47 th Steering Committee 53 of 57 Recommendations approved by Steering Committee Detailed analysis by Technical Secretariat 62 % being implemented 21 % implementation within one year 5 % Implementation within 2-3 years 4 % conceptual needing further discussion CCOP role in Bilateral Projects ongoing Sector Managers approved by 47 th appointments made 2 year Business Plan submitted to 47 th and in progress Staff training plan developed and commenced Streamlined Annual Meetings Thematic Sessions successfully integrated Pending items CCOP Membership? New roles of Sector Managers? Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 393 CCOP Technical Secretariat

357 Business Plan Advisory Group observations The Brainstorming Group considered this an important recommendation that has been followed The Plan Vision Mission Role of CCOP Situation Analysis Strengths and weaknesses Business Plan Goals Targets Implementation Plan Review A well constructed and frequently updated business plan is a feature of a mature progressive organization Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Business Plan and Workload Advisory Group observations The Brainstorming Group considered the workload to be an important part of business planning Significant questions arise about burgeoning activity levels The Plan Technical activity Targets 18 activities for 3 sectors For are planned Expected total 44 (CCOP Annual Meeting report) Publication targets 15 publications For 2006 expected total -11 Review of Secretariat organization To occur in 2007 CCOP will maintain a work force of 14 people for It is not expected that the Technical Secretariat staff will increase significantly in number. With higher level of activities a limited number of 1 or 2 assistants may be proposed. CCOP Business Plan Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 394 CCOP Technical Secretariat

358 Sector Managers Some additional Advisory Group observations The Brainstorming Group considered this an important recommendation Opportunities for new project development Opportunities for more coordination with Member Countries Strengthened T/S management Welcome important 47 th Steering Committee decisions Approval to convert Regional Expert position to Sector Manager Geo - environment Approval to appoint Sector Manager position Geo - information Approval of appointment of additional Sector Manager Geo- resources Detailed scope of duties and qualifications developed Detailed recruitment process / terms developed Financial analysis completed The Advisory Group looks forward to further Steering Committee decisions on these important positions Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Sector Managers Some additional Advisory Group observations The Brainstorming Group considered this an important recommendation Some Suggested Sector Manager roles Generate new projects CCOP Management team Coordination with Member Country CCOP National Committees Coordination with Member Country Sector representatives Liaison with Bi-lateral projects Organize knowledge sharing best practices Marketing Embassy contacts Sector presentations to Annual / Steering Committee meetings The Advisory Group looks forward to further Steering Committee decisions on these important positions Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 395 CCOP Technical Secretariat

359 CCOP Membership Some additional Advisory Group observations CCOP Membership is entirely a Steering Committee matter Opportunity for expanded impact and influence? Regional cooperation and dissemination Opportunities for additional funds? Will potential new members have access to development funds? Are there possibilities of associate membership? Needs careful consideration of future of CCOP Needs careful evaluation of Pros and Cons Remains to be considered by Steering Committee?? Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Member Country Organizations A key recommendation of the Brainstorming Group to form liaison and coordinating committees in each Member Country Way in which Sector s can be coordinated across different government agencies Welcome Korea and Japan s National Committee for CCOP Look forward to hearing about other initiatives Hope that all Member Countries will follow Japan s lead Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 396 CCOP Technical Secretariat

360 Cooperating Country Representatives Importance of ensuring continuity of relationships with Cooperating Country Government Agencies New representatives are sincerely welcomed Some Cooperating Countries have not had consistent representation Some Government Agency Directors have changed Individual s roles within Government Agencies frequently evolve and change Notable absences at this meeting Sweden USA Switzerland Russian Federation Recommendation that Mr Chen Shick Pei visit these countries before stepping down to bring updates of CCOP plans and directions Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) CCOP Director? Some Advisory Group observations CCOP Director is entirely a Steering Committee matter This a most important position for the future of CCOP Mr Chen Shick Pei will leave big shoes to fill CCOP is in a strong position in terms of future planning and financial status both can be easily lost There is a need for continuing strong leadership and management The Director will lead a new management team and will need to provide expert guidance and training There appears to be a need for expanded staffing and capital investment The new Director should be a strong ambassador - there is a need for continuing essential outreach to Cooperating Countries and Organizations Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 397 CCOP Technical Secretariat

361 EAGER Project Thanks again to Honorary Advisor Rick Terman Very successful first three years Korea winner to be announced today! Improved review process Review team of 5 Advisors Volunteers to be identified each year This year Reedman; Currie; Abatzis; Kvadsheim; Prior Next year same group Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Vote of Thanks The Advisory Group is very grateful to the Republic of Korea and KIGAM for the excellent arrangements for this Annual Meeting. The Advisory Group recommends that a single vote of thanks be conveyed by The Netherlands Head of Delegation Dr. J.L. J.de Sonneville on behalf of the Cooperating Countries, Cooperating Organizations, and the Advisory Group. Expressions of thanks may be entered into the minutes on an individual basis Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 398 CCOP Technical Secretariat

362 Resolution Thanking Chen Whereas Mr Chen Shick Pei has served with distinction as Director of CCOP for two consecutive terms, beginning in September 2000 Whereas Mr Chen through his leadership has significantly added to the role and reputation of CCOP through numerous projects throughout the CCOP region Whereas Mr Chen through his management and administration of the CCOP Technical Secretariat has substantially improved the financial resources of CCOP Whereas Mr Chen has offered his warm hand of friendship to all individuals associated with the eleven Member Countries and the fourteen Cooperating Countries and Organizations epitomizing the cooperative spirit of CCOP that knows no boundaries of nationallity or culture Whereas Mr Chen has always stepped forward to lead the singing of the Malaysia delegation Be it resolved that the CCOP Advisory group expresses its deep gratitude to Mr Chen, And be it further resolved that all members of the Advisory Group convey their sincere best wishes for Mr Chen retirement in his home State of Sarawak And be it further resolved that Mr Chen is hereby welcomed to participate in any future CCOP Advisory Group meeting - or any future CCOP Song Expressed and signed this day, the 1 November 2006 in Daejon Korea. Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia (CCOP) Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 399 CCOP Technical Secretariat

363 ANNEX IX COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 29 October 3 November 2006 Daejeon, Republic of Korea INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF PLANET EARTH Status Report Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 401 CCOP Technical Secretariat

364 EVOLUTION OF AN IDEA The idea of an International Year of Planet Earth was launched in 2000 at an IUGS Council meeting. Proclamation of an International Year was seen as a potentially powerful means of demonstrating how society could profit from the accumulated knowledge of the solid Earth as part of System Earth. Following a feasibility study, immediate support was provided by UNESCO s Earth Science Division, making it a joint initiative by IUGS and UNESCO (Initiators). After broad consultation, it was decided in 2002 to seek proclamation of the International Year of Planet Earth by the General Assembly of the UN, with a view to providing the best possible exposure to national governments. On August 26, 2004, the joint Council of IUGS and the International Geological Congress, together representing Earth science communities in 140 countries and regions, adopted a Declaration on the International Year. This invited UNESCO s Executive Board to adopt an International Year of Planet Earth, considering that: The geosciences can contribute significantly to a safer, healthier and wealthier world; This potential contribution is seriously under-used by society and should be substantially increased; Proclamation of an international year under the aegis of UN member states would help the Earth sciences to make their full contribution to the sustainable stewardship of the planet. Proclamation of 2008 as the International Year of Planet Earth was effected at the UN General Assembly in New York on 22 December At least three years will be needed to realize most of the ambitious science and outreach plans, and the Year s triennium will thus run from 2007 to Science Programme A Science Programme Committee (SPC) developed its Terms of Reference in Ten broad Themes provide the operational framework of the Year s Science programme. Brochures were written by specialists and are available in both printed and electronic forms. Printing of the brochures has been made possible by the generosity of several European geological surveys (Austria, Finland, Ireland, Norway, Spain, and Sweden), Ministries, national scientific bodies, and UNESCO. All brochures may be downloaded from Implementation of the science programmes will closely resemble the successful International Geoscience Programme (IGCP), another joint IUGS/UNESCO Programme. The Year s science programme will operate essentially in bottom-up mode inviting scientists to submit proposals for the 10 science Themes, preferably addressing the key questions mentioned in the science brochures, through Expressions of Interests (EoI s). These EoI s and subsequent proposals will be evaluated by Science Implementation Teams (SITs), one for each of the Themes. These SITs are normally composed of 8 experts and will become effective in October Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 403 CCOP Technical Secretariat

365 SIT membership includes: Theme SIT Leader SIT Members Groundwater Hill (USA) Struckmeijer (Ge) Climate Dodson (UK) Alverson (USA), Nield (UK), Yuan (Cn), Yim (CN), Wigand (Ge), Larocque (Ca), Meadows (SA) Earth & Health Selinus (Se) Centeno (USA), Finkelman (USA), Weinstein (Au), Derbyshire (UK), Manay (Ur), Gogan (Tu), Davies (Ta) Deep Earth Cloetingh (Nl) Mulugeta (Et), van der Pluijm (USA), Friedrich (Ge), Gabrielsen (No), Roure (Fr) Megacities Kraas (Ge)) Nennonen (Fi), Marker (UK), de Mulder (Nl), Coy (Au), Aggarwal (In), Xue (Cn), Yu (Ko) Resources Sinding-Larsen (No) Shields (USA), Hovland (USA), Gleditsch (No), Leach (USA), Ekdahl (Fi), Mienert (No), Cherkasov (Ru), Kouda (Jp), Persson (Sw) Hazards Beer (Au) Marsh (UK), Bobrowsky (Ca), Chadka (In), Cutter (USA), Pagliai (It), Supharatid (Th), Wu (Cn) Ocean Chen (Cn) Lin (USA), Fischer (USA), Devey (Ge), Whitmarsh (UK), Cannat (Fr) Soil Hartemink (Nl) Nortcliff (UK), Frossard (Sw), Boettinger (USA), McBratney (Aus), Mendonca-Santos (Br), Zhang (Cn) Earth & Life Reichenbacher (Ge) Blieck (Fr), Hartzhauser (Au), Mocanu (Ro), Shen (Cn), Codrea (Ro), Talent (Aus), Liebermann (USA) Outreach Programme The Outreach Programme Committee has developed a website ( produced flyers, and released thousands of general information brochures, leaflets (in many languages) and, with the kind assistance of the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources, a dedicated brochure. The outreach programme will essentially operate in a bottom-up mode as well. Individuals and organisations are invited to submit EoI s, followed by proposals for realization through the Year. Implementation of the outreach programme will be undertaken largely at national levels. Countries and regions are encouraged to develop their own outreach programme. Some examples of the outreach programme are given below: Release of 4,567 bio-degradable balloons, each representing 1 My of Earth history, by India President and in London UK in January Top Conferences with politicians, scientists and representatives of industry evaluating options for a better use of Earth science for solving societal problems. First World Top Conference in Paris, February Transparent Earth, through 1:1 M World digital geological map, spearheaded by BGS, supported by all geological surveys and CGMW. World Mining Ministers Forum, March 2008, Toronto, Canada. Smithsonian World Soil Exhibition, Washington, USA, roving. DVD on sustainable mineral exploration (IAGOD, SGA). TV Documentary on Earth Sciences (AGI). International Conference on Indigenous geo-knowledge and geoscience. Musical Symphony: Planet Earth, China. Issue of Geo-Poetry booklet. Planet Earth ringtones. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 404 CCOP Technical Secretariat

366 International Congresses with focus on IYPE in IUGG (2007), IGU (2008), GSA (2008), IUGS (2008), et cetera. First world conference of Young Earth Scientists (YES), Development of International Standards in Geo-Information (CGI). Quality control Medical Geology terminology (IAMG). Launch of International Consortium of Urban Geoscientists. Creation of Institute on Earth Science for Underground Cities. Structural & Plate Kinematics Map of the World (1:50 M, CGMW). Metallogenic and Geological Map of Middle East (1:5 M, CGMW). Moreover, many national initiatives are being developed, including: Exposure by national science congresses (India, Hungary, Bulgaria, etc.). Research grants for geoscientists from less developed countries (Austria). Intelligent People Approach versus Intelligent Design (Austria). Books, journals and articles (UNESCO, Nature, Germany, Canada, Netherlands, France, Bulgaria). Issue of IYPE stamps. Launch of a Springer Journal Geoheritage. Geo-bus and truck tours (Austria, Netherlands). Exhibitions (Netherlands, USA, Austria, Germany, Iran, Canada). New Earth Science Museum (Brazil). Teaching courses for journalists and teachers (Tanzania, Germany, IGEO). Geoparks (China, Austria, Switzerland, Iran, Germany). Geotourism Conference, Australia World Landslide Forum, Japan rd UNESCO Geoparks Conference, Terra Vita, June 2008, Germany. Lecture tours and excursions (Austria, Netherlands, France). New Year Concert in Museum (Austria). Art competitions (Austria). Advertisement panels in subways and on trains (Austria). Interactive website and maps (Austria). Advisory Group Individuals wishing to contribute to the Initiative and to support various activities through the science and/or outreach programmes may be invited to become Senior Advisers. The individuals making up this group will advise the MT concerning specific contributions to the activities for the Year. Senior Advisers are entitled to represent the International Year and are encouraged to publicise the Initiative as widely as possible. Currently there are 47 such Senior Advisors. A small number of highly distinguished individuals have agreed to serve as Goodwill Ambassadors for the Year. These include people with prominent media profiles in the world s major language areas, who are willing to promote the Year and its activities. Patrons include Heads of State and other World leaders who have expressed their willingness to give their patronage to the International Year. By October 6th, three Patrons have accepted our invitation: Sam Nujoma, Founding President of the Republic of Namibia and Benjamin W. Mkapa, until 2006 President of the United Republic of Tanzania, and Sir Mark Moody Stewart, President of the Board of Anglo-American. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 405 CCOP Technical Secretariat

367 Geoscientific Support, Partners By mid 2003, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and the International Geographical Union (IGU) joined this initiative as Founding Partners, a move soon followed by the International Lithosphere Programme (ILP), the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) and the International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC). Other such Partners are the Geological Society of London and the Geological Survey of the Netherlands (TNO). A consortium of three geoscientific associations/societies, affiliated to IUGS (IAEG, ISRM and ISSMGE) joined by Mid March 2005, the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA), the American Geological Institute (AGI) by mid June, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) by late June, and the American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG) by early October 2005, when access to Founding Partnership was closed. Together with the Initiators, the 12 Founding Partners constitute the backbone of the Year. They all have a seat in the Board of the Corporation and are thus responsible for implementation of the International Year. They receive exposure through the Year s brochures, the Business Plan, the website and all other official publications of the International Year. Associate Partners have actively supported the International Year of Planet Earth before implementation. They were invited to participate and bear co-responsibility in the Science Teams securing representation of their scientific interests within the Year s Science programme. Associate Partners also have access to the outreach activities and may suggest such activities to the Outreach Programme Committee. By February 2006, access to Associate Partnership was closed and the final composition was assessed at 26 (listed below): ICSU IOC IPA IAGOD SEG SGA IAH IGCP EFG AARSE SCA ProGEO SEPM CCOP GSAf UNU AGID UN/ISDR NESF AASG ISPRS GSA NACSN CPC IPA CGMW International Council for Science Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO International Permafrost Association International Association on the Genesis of Ore Deposits Society of Economic Geologists Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits International Association of Hydrogeologists International Geoscience Programme IGCP European Federation of Geoscientists African Association of Remote Sensing of the Environment. Science Council of Asia European Association for the Conservation of the Geological Heritage Society for Sedimentary Geology Coordinating Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and SE Asia Geological Society of Africa United Nations University Association of Geoscientists for International Development United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction North-eastern Science Foundation (USA) Association of American State Geologists International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Geological Society of America North American Committee on Stratigraphic Nomenclature Circum Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources International Palaeontological Association Commission for the Geological Map of the World Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 406 CCOP Technical Secretariat

368 Partners As of March 2006 a new category of partnership was introduced for new bodies actively supporting the ambitions of the International Year of Planet Earth upon its incorporation. Non-commercial Partners contribute at least 5,000 US $ per year over 2006 and the full triennium ( ). Those preferring to enter by 2007 will contribute at least 7,500 US $ per annum for the triennium, and the financial contribution will be at least 10,000 US $ for 2008 and for 2009 for those entering in Rates for Commercial Partners are double that of non-commercial Partners. Political support At a high-level information meeting held at UNESCO headquarters in Paris on the 11 th of February 2004, six nations (China, Russia, Brazil, Argentina, Italy and Jordan) agreed to support proclamation of the International Year of Planet Earth once it had been formally proposed in the General Assembly of the UN. A Draft Resolution, proposed by the United Republic of Tanzania, was adopted (unopposed) by UNESCO s Executive Board on April 28 th There, 25 nations (Tanzania, Brazil, China, Burkina Faso, Turkey, Egypt, Ghana, Jamaica, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Kenya, Ukraine, Algeria, Morocco, Russian Federation, Mozambique, Germany, Swaziland, Rwanda, Senegal, Mauritius, Italy, Namibia and Canada) voiced their full support, bringing the number of supporting nations at 36. Adoption of a Draft Resolution on proclamation of 2008 as the International Year of Planet Earth by UNESCO s 33 rd General Conference in October 2005 added another 15 nations (Afghanistan, Botswana, Chile, D.R. Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Indonesia, Nigeria, Philippines, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, Sudan, Togo and the United States of America). With the United Republic of Tanzania again taking the lead of a core group of 82 nations, a Draft Resolution was adopted without opposition by the 2 nd Committee of the General Assembly on 11 December. UN proclamation of the International Year of Planet Earth, 2008 (Resolution 60/192) then followed by consensus in the General Assembly in its 68 th plenary meeting, on 22 December, Resolution 60/192 reads as follows: The General Assembly, Reaffirming Agenda 21, the Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development ( Johannesburg Plan of Implementation ) and the Hyogo Framework of Action , Noting that the wealth of scientific information available on planet Earth remains largely untapped and hardly known to the public or to the decision makers, Convinced that education in Earth sciences provides humankind with tools for the sustainable use of natural resources and for building the scientific infrastructure essential for sustainable development, Welcoming the decision of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to support the declaration of 2008 as the International Year of Planet Earth with a view on highlighting the importance of Earth sciences, Taking into account the crucial role the Year could play, inter alia, n raising public awareness of the importance for sustainable development of the Earth processes and resources; disaster prevention, reduction and mitigation; and capacity-building for the sustainable management of resources; and its important contribution to the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development, Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 407 CCOP Technical Secretariat

369 1. Decides to declare 2008 the International Year of Planet Earth; 2. Designates the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as the lead agency and the focal point for the Year to organize activities to be undertaken during the Year, in collaboration of the United Nations Environmental Programme and other relevant entities of the United Nations system, as well as the International Union of Geological Sciences and other Earth science societies and groups throughout the world, and in this regards agrees that the activities of the International Year of Planet Earth will be funded from voluntary contributions, including inter alia, from industry and major foundations mobilized by a consortium of international organizations, led by the International Union of Geological Sciences; 3. Encourages all Member States, the United Nations system and all other actors to take advantage of the Year to increase awareness of the importance of Earth sciences for the achievement of sustainable development and to promote action at the local, national, regional and international levels; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General assembly at its 62 nd session on the progress of the preparations for the International Year of Planet Earth. Links with other initiatives In , three other Earth-related international year initiatives will be active: the International Polar Year (IPY), the electronic Geophysical Year (egy) and the International Heliophysical Year (IHY). In September 2005, an agreement on active cooperation and involvement in each others science and outreach programmes was signed with the leaders of all science year initiatives ( Celimontana Declaration ). As the science programme of the International Year of Planet Earth complies closely with the priorities set by the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS), cooperation with GEOSS was formalized on August 4. Organisation The organisational structure of the International Year evolved as the Initiative grew in significance. By mid 2002, IUGS and UNESCO created an informal Management Team (MT) with two major constituents, the Science Programme Committee (SPC) and an Outreach Programme Committee (OPC). Regional representation was covered through China, Africa, North America and Latin America. The MT was complimented by a Treasurer and a liaison with UNESCO. The MT was replaced by a Board of Officers upon the Year s registration as a not-forprofit 501 (c) (3) corporation under the law of the State of Delaware (USA), on March 16, Until appointment of the Chair of the Board, foreseen by late 2006, the Initiators invited members of the former MT to act as Officers of the Board, which also included representatives of IUGS and UNESCO. The Corporation is an independent body controlled by the Initiators, Founding Partners and main sponsors, as secured in the Year s statutes. Tax exemption is currently being applied for. All major stakeholders will be represented in the Board, responsible for (strategic) decision-making. Day-to-day operations will be conducted through the Secretariat. The International Year of Planet Earth has been placed under the patronage of UNESCO and UNEP as the UN s Executive Agencies. Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 408 CCOP Technical Secretariat

370 National Committees Implementation of the Year s ambitions will be on international and national levels. To that end, National Committees of the Year of Planet Earth have been launched, or are in the process of being launched. By October 7th 2006, National Committees are operational in 25 countries: Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, India, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mongolia, Namibia, New Zealand, Peru, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania and UK. Twenty two more nations, Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Cameroon, Chile, China, Cuba, Finland, Hungary, Iran, Mexico, Mozambique, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovak Republic, South Africa, Turkey and USA, are well under way in creating such committees, while some 10 other nations seriously consider doing so. Through Memoranda of Understanding, the national initiatives are linked to the Corporation. Financial aspects Attainment of the aims and objectives of the Year will depend upon attracting substantial financial income from a variety of sources around the world. Financial contributions in cash allocated to the budget in the years , reached a total of US$ 414,900, US$ 133,000 from IUGS, 79,600 from UNESCO, and 202,300 from Founding Partners and Sponsors. In-kind support over that period may be capitalized as close to US$ 1 M. The targeted budget of US$ 20 M for the Implementation of the International Year for the international corporation is summarized below. As a minimum, a budget of US$ 5 M would be required. Amounts in US$ Science Outreach Bureau Year 1 200,000 2, ,000 Year 2 3,500,000 3,750, ,000 Year 3 5,300,000 3,000, ,000 Year ,000 Total 9,000,000 9,000,000 2,000,000 Proceedings of the 43 rd CCOP Annual Session 409 CCOP Technical Secretariat