MICROENCAPSULATED PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS (PCM) FOR BUILDING APPLICATIONS

Transcription

1 MICROENCAPSULATED PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS (PCM) FOR BUILDING APPLICATIONS C. Castellón, M. Nogués, J. Roca, M. Medrano, L. F. Cabeza

2 Index Introduction Experimental setup Results Conclusion Future works Acknowledgments 2

3 Introduction The use of PCM in buildings was one of the first applications studied, together with typical storage tanks The use of building structural components for thermal storage was pointed out already in

4 Introduction For the use of PCMs in buildings applications several options have been studied (macroencapsulation and microencapsulation) Microencapsulation is a technique widely used nowadays This study investigates the inclusion of PCM in concrete (work done under the framework of MOPCON project) An innovative concrete with PCM was developed using a commercial microencapsulated PCM 4

5 Introduction This novel concrete was used in the construction of a small house-sized cubicle The design was done by the contructing company in Spain, together with the arquitects from Spain and the constructing company in Greece The University of Lleida did simulations to find the correct size of the cubicles Intron from The Netherlands developed the concrete composite material and tested its mechanical properties The University of Lleida tested the thermal properties of the new material 5

6 Introduction The PCM used is MICRONAL PCM (BASF) Melting point of 26ºC Phase change enthalpy of 1 kj/kg Each concrete panel incorporates around 5% in weight MICRONAL PCM 6

7 Index Introduction Experimental setup Results Conclusion Future works Acknowledgments 7

8 Experimental Setup The experimental setup consisted of two identically shaped cubicles of concrete (Lleida, Spain) one with conventional concrete and the other one with the mixing modified concrete 8

9 Experimental Setup Mechanical and thermal tests were performed to evaluate walls behavior and requirements for nonstructural and structural walls Roof South West Walls that contain microencapsulated PCM 9

10 Experimental Setup The following measurement instruments are used: - Heat flow sensor - Temperature sensors - Piranometer - Meteorology station

11 Index Introduction Experimental setup Results Conclusion Future works Acknowledgments 11

12 Results The first results from the cubicles field test were obtained in April 5 From this date different situations were tested Effect of opening windows all day Effect of opening windows only at night (free-cooling) Effect of close windows all day 12

13 Results GRUP de RECERCA August 5 West Wall Temperature WESTPCM WEST T.OUT closed windows ºC ºC /8/5 29/8/5 /8/5 31/8/5 1/9/5 2/9/5 3/9/5 4/9/5 5/9/5

14 Results GRUP de RECERCA August 5 West Wall Temperature WESTPCM WEST T.OUT closed windows Without PCM With PCM 2 hours 32 Phase change ºC Outdoors ambient Temperature 14 28/8/5 28/8/5 29/8/5 29/8/5 /8/5 /8/5 31/8/5 31/8/5 1/9/5

15 Results GRUP de RECERCA August 5 Heat FLux SOUTHPCM SOUTH Heat FluxPCM Heat Flux closed windows Teperature ºC 5 W/m^ /8/5 28/8/5 29/8/5 29/8/5 /8/5 /8/5 31/8/5 31/8/5 1/9/5

16 Results GRUP de RECERCA August 5 Heat FLux SOUTHPCM SOUTH Heat FluxPCM Heat Flux closed windows Teperature ºC 5 W/m^ /8/5 28/8/5 29/8/5 29/8/5 /8/5 /8/5 31/8/5 31/8/5 1/9/5

17 Results Set of experiments (4/6/5-27/7/5) PUIGVERD DE LLEIDA Comparison between Case 1: Closed windows all day Case 2: Open windows all day Case 3: Opening windows only at night (free-cooling) 17

18 Results Comparison between South wall, Temperature environmental and Heat Flux SOUTH SOUTHPCM T.OUT Heat Flux Heat Flux PCM closed windows Comparison between South wall, Temperature environmental and Heat Flux SOUTHPCM SOUTH T.OUT Heat FluxPCM Heat Flux Opening and closing the Temperarture (ºC) - - W/m2 Temperature (ºC) /6/5 4/6/5 5/6/5 5/6/5 6/6/5 6/6/5 7/6/5 7/6/5-6/7/5 6/7/5 7/7/5 7/7/5 8/7/5 8/7/5 9/7/5 9/7/5 Temperature (ºC) 45 Comparison between South wall, Temperature environmental and Heat Flux opening windows SOUTHPCM SOUTH T.OUT Heat Flux Heat Flux PCM all week 24 hr. -5 /7/5 /7/5 21/7/5 21/7/5 22/7/5 22/7/5 23/7/5 23/7/ W/m^2 the heat flux has the same tendency in the cubicles when the PCM is out of its melting/freezing zones, but changes totally its tendency when there is phase change. 18

19 Results Comparison between South wall, Temperature environmental and Solarimeter 45 SOUTH SOUTHPCM T.OUT SOL5 closed windows Comparison between South wall temperature, Temperature ambient and solarimeter SOUTHPCM SOUTH T.OUT SOL5 Opening and closing the windows Temperarture (ºC) 6 (W/m2) Temperature (ºC) 6 W/m2 Temperature (ºC) - 4/6/5 4/6/5 5/6/5 5/6/5 6/6/5 6/6/5 7/6/5 7/6/5 45 Comparison between South wall, Temperature environmental and Solarimeter SOUTH SOUTHPCM T.OUT SOL5 opening windows all week 24 hr. 8 6 W/m2-6/7/5 6/7/5 7/7/5 7/7/5 8/7/5 8/7/5 9/7/5 9/7/5 It could be seen that with consistent solar irradiation, and therefore, consistent outdoors ambient temperature, the temperatures measured in the south wall of both cubicles were also very consistent /6/5 29/6/5 /6/5 /6/5 1/7/5 1/7/5 2/7/5 2/7/5

20 Results Set of experiments (29/7/5-/8/5) PUIGVERD DE LLEIDA Comparison between Case 4: Closed windows all day (with blinds) Case 5: Open windows all day(24 h.with blinds) Case 6: Opening windows only at night (with blinds)

21 Results Comparison between South wall, Temperature environmental and Heat Flux SOUTHPCM SOUTH T.OUT Heat Flux Heat FluxPCM closed windows with blind 5 Temperature (ºC) W/m2-5 - /7/5 /7/5 31/7/5 31/7/5 1/8/5 1/8/5 2/8/5 2/8/5 3/8/5 3/8/5-4/8/5 Comparison between South wall, Temperature environmental and Heat Flux SOUTHPCM SOUTH T.OUT Heat Flux Heat FluxPCM opening windows all week (24 h.) with blinds 5 Comparison between South wall, Temperature environmental and Heat Flux SOUTHPCM SOUTH T.OUT Heat Flux Heat FluxPCM Opening and closing the windows (with blinds) 5 Temperature (ºC) W/m2 Temperature (ºC) W/m^ /8/5 5/8/5 6/8/5 6/8/5 7/8/5 7/8/5 8/8/5-12/8/5 12/8/5 13/8/5 13/8/5 14/8/5 14/8/5 /8/5

22 Results Temperature ambient at 1, m and Temperature environmental (outside the cubicle) CubiclePCM1,2 CubiclePCM1,2 T.OUT closed windows Temperature ambient at 1, m and Temperature environmental (outside the cubicle) Cubicle1,2 CubiclePCM1,2 T.OUT opening windows all week 24 hr Temperature (ºC) Temperature (ºC) 24/5/5 26/5/5 28/5/5 /5/5 1/6/5 3/6/5 5/6/5 7/6/5 45 Temperature ambient at 1, m and Temperature environmental (outside the cubicle) CubiclePCM1,2 Cubicle1, T.OUT sunlight through the window arrives directly to the sensor closed windows with blinds In this case, the peaks disappear because the windows are covered with blinds 27/6/5 28/6/5 29/6/5 /6/5 1/7/5 2/7/5 3/7/5 4/7/5 Temperature ambient at 1, m and Temperature environmental (outside the cubicle) CubiclePCM1,2 Cubicle1,2 T.OUT opening windows all week (24 h.) with blinds Temperature (ºC) Temperature (ºC) 22 29/7/5 /7/5 31/7/5 1/8/5 2/8/5 3/8/5 4/8/5 4/8/5 4/8/5 5/8/5 5/8/5 6/8/5 6/8/5 7/8/5 7/8/5 8/8/5 8/8/5

23 Index Introduction Experimental setup Results Conclusion Future works Acknowledgments 23

24 Conclusion The work here presented is the experimental study of two real size concrete cubicles, one of which includes PCM in some walls. This PCM has a melting point of 26ºC, and a phase change enthalpy of 1 kj/kg. The results of this study show the energy storage in the walls by encapsulating PCMs and the comparison with conventional concrete without PCMs, leading to an improved thermal inertia as well as lower inner temperatures. 24

25 Conclusion These results demonstrate a real opportunity for airconditioning energy savings in buildings during the spring and summer seasons. The thermal inertia seen in all the experiments suggests that all the PCM included in the cubicle walls freezes and melts in every cycle. These results also showed that night cooling is important to achieve this full cycle every day.

26 Index Introduction Experimental setup Results Conclusion Future works Acknowledgments 26

27 Future works Trombe wall was recently added to the south façade to investigate if the effect of the PCM can be used all year long in Mediterranean weathers to reduce both cooling and heating demands. 27

28 Future works Other effects such as the inclusion of an interior sensible thermal load (a person or a computer in the building) or the installation of an autonomous heat pump that controls the indoors temperature will be tested in the near future 28

29 Index Introduction Experimental setup Results Conclusion Future works Acknowledgments 29

30 Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of all the partners of the MOPCON project (EU CRAFT ref. G5ST-CT ): Aspica Constructora (coordinator-spain), University of Lleida (Spain), Inasmet (Spain), BSA (Spain), Medysys (France), Prokel (Greece), and Intron (The Netherlands).