FRONTISPIECE: Exposures of the cyclical gray and black lower Lockatong Formation of the Newark basin in the Eureka Quarry, Tradesville, PA.

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1 FRONTISPIECE: Exposures of the cyclical gray and black lower Lockatong Formation of the Newark basin in the Eureka Quarry, Tradesville, PA. The obvious dark bands are spaced at roughly 6 m intervals and are the deep water phases of 21,000 year lake level cycles controlled by the precession of the equinoxes. About 400,000 years of lacustrine deposition is represented in this section. Truck is roughly 2 m high.

2 Tectonic, Depositional, and Paleoecological History of Early Mesozoic Rift Basins, Eastern North America Gulf, North Carolina, USA to Parrsboro, Nova Scotia, Canada July 20-30, 1989 Field Trip Guidebook T3 5 1 Editors: Paul E. Olsen, Roy W Schlische, and Pamela j. W Core Contributions by: Bruce Cornet, Patricia Gallagher, William Hoftinan, Amy R. McCune, Nicholas C. McDonald, Joseph P Smoot, Richard P Tollo, Donald U. Wise, and William K. Witte Leaders: Paul E. Olsen and Pamela j. W Core Associate Leaders: Roy W Schlische, Joseph P Smoot, and Richard l? Tollo American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.

3 Copyright 1989 American Geophysical Union 2000 Florida Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C ISBN : Printed in the United States of America

4 COVER: View toward the northeast from the Old Wife, Stop 11.2, of the Late Triassic-earliest Jurassic Blomidon Formation and Early Jurassic North Mountain Basalt of the Fundy basin along the north shore of the Minas Basin near Five Islands Provincial Park, Nova Scotia. The Blomidon Formation here is visibly cyclic, and the meter-scale cycles are thought to represent the 100,000-year eccentricity cycle according to the Milankovitch theory of orbital climatic forcing. The Triassic-Jurassic boundary is palynologically placed near the base of the light colored layer at the top of the Blomidon Formation. A normal fault which drops down the North Mountain Basalt is visible in the lower left corner. Photo by P.E. Olsen.

5 PART I: OVERVIEW OF NEWARK SUPERGROUP... 1 Introduction... 1 Tectonic Context... 1 Lithostratigraphic, Biostratigraphic, and Chronostratigraphic Framework... 2 Milankovitch Cycles and Cyclostratigraphy... 3 Depositional Environments and Extensional Basin Filling Model... 5 Apparent Polar Wander Paths and Paleomagnetism of Basin Sedimentary Rocks... 6 Early Mesozoic Eastern North American Magmatism: First-Order Problems and Constraints... 8 Duration and Age Relations of the Eastern North American Tholeiites... 9 Tectonic History Paleostress Patterns Summary of the Permian-Tertiary History of Eastern North America Crustal-Scale Tectonics Patterns of Biological Change PART 11: FIELD EXCURSION DEEP RIVER BASIN, NORTH CAROLINA Geology of the Deep River Basin Introduction Lithostratigraphy Depositional History STOP 1.1. Boren Clay Products Pit, Gulf, NC STOP 1.2. Cumnock Formation at Bethany Church, Gulf, NC OPTIONAL STOP 1.2A. Chatham Coal Company Strip Mine, Chatham, NC STOP 1.3. Sanford Formation near Sandford, NC STOP 1.4. Triangle Brick Quarry, Durham, NC STOP 1.5. Railroad Cut, Durham, NC DAN RIVER-DANVILLE BASIN, NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA Geology of the Dan River-Danville Basin Introduction Lithostratigraphy OPTIONAL STOP 2.1A. White Oak Mountain near Dry Fork, VA STOP 2.1. Dry Fork Formation at Chatham Quarry, Chatham, VA STOP 2.2. Solite Quarry, Leakesville, Junction, VA Cyclostratigraphy Paleontology and Environments "Syneresis Cracks" Deformation STOP 2.3. Webster Brick Company Quarry, Eden, NC RICHMOND BASIN, VIRGINIA Geology of the Richmond Basin Richmond Basin Lithostratigraphy and Paleoenvironments The Horner and Bailey Wells River Size and Form Lake Duration STOP 3.1. Blackheath Mine STOP 3.2. Tomahawk Tetrapod Quarry STOP 3.3. Otterdale Formation near Winterpock, VA STOP 3.4. Boscabel Quarry, Manakin, VA CULPEPER BASIN, VIRGINIA Geology of the Culpeper Basin STOP 4.1. Culpeper Crushed Stone Quarry, Culpeper (Stevensburg), VA Lithostratigraphy and Cyclostratigraphy Paleontology STOP 4.2. Thoroughfare Gap, VA STOP 4.3. Haymarket Quarry STOP 4.4. Dinosaur Tracks at Oak Hill STOP 4.5. Evergreen Mills, south of Leesburg, VA NEWARK BASIN, PENNSYLVANIA AND NEW JERSEY Geology of the Newark Basin Stratigraphy Basin Filling Model Structural Evolution STOP 5.1. Passaic Formation, West Pottsgrove Township, PA vii

6 STOP 5.2. Douglasville Quarry of Pottstown Traprock Company STOP 5.3. Douglasville Footprint Quarries Stratigraphy and Evidence for Syndepositional Folding Shallow Ductile Deformation Footprints Vertebrate Ichnological Succession in the Newark Supergroup STOP 5.4. Border Fault at Boyertown. PA STOP 5.5. Bucks County Crushed Stone Quarry. Harrow. PA STOP 5.6. Pebble Bluff. near Milford. NJ STOP 5.7. Middle Lockatong Formation at Byram. NJ STOP 5.8. Quarry in Prallsville Member of the Stockton Formation. Stockton. NJ NEWARK BASIN. NEW JERSEY STOP 6.1. Passaic Formation Adjacent to Dilts Corner Fault STOP 6.2. The Glen near Pines Lake. Pompton. NJ Stratigraphy of the Towaco Formation Stratigraphy and Structure of Cycle P Semionotid Species Flocks in the Newark Basin STOP 6.3. Riker Hill. Roseland. NJ STOP 6.4. Preakness Basalt. West Orange. NJ STOP 6.5. Orange Mountain Basalt. West Orange. NJ STOP 6.6. Yale Quarry. Weehawken. NJ STOP 6.7. Undercliff Road Trolley Cut. Fort Lee. NJ STOP 6.8. Ross Boat Dock. Palisades Interstate Park HARTFORD BASIN. CONNECTICUT AND MASSACHUSETTS Geology of the Hartford and Deerfield Basins Structural Geology Stratigraphy and Basin Filling Model Broad Terrane Hypothesis STOP 7.1. New Haven Arkose. Hampden. CT STOP 7.2. CT 9 Road Cut. East Berlin. CT Stratigraphy "Dead Horses" Hydrocarbons 113 Paleontology OPTIONAL STOP 7.2a. I-91/CT 9 Interchange STOP 7.3. Miner Brook. Westfield. CT STOP 7.4. Dinosaur State Park. Rocky Hill. CT STOP 7.5. Upper Portland Formation. Buckland. CT STOP 7.6. Holyoke Dam. Holyoke. MA Jurassic Conifer Assemblages and Their Paleoclimatic Implications STOP 8.4. Turners Falls Dam. Turners Falls. MA Stratigraphy and Paleontology Structural Geology HARTFORD AND DEERFIELD BASINS. MASSACHUSETTS 119 STOP 8.1. Mt. Tom Ski Area. Holyoke. MA 119 OPTIONAL STOP 8.2. Goat Peak Lookout Tower. Mt Tom State Reservation. Holyoke. MA 120 OPTIONAL STOP 8.2A. Scenic Overlook at Mt Nonotuck. Mt Tom State Reservation. Holyoke. MA 120 STOP 8.3. Pratt Museum and Hitchcock Footprint Collection. Amherst College 120 Field Stop Transect STOP 8.5. Barton Cove. Gill. MA Y. FUNDY SUB.BASIN. SOUTHEAST SHORE OF FUNDY BASIN. NOVA SCOTIA Geology of the Fundy Basin STOP 9.1. St. Mary's Bay. Rossway. NS FUNDY SUB-BASIN. SOUTH SHORE OF MINAS BASIN. NOVA SCOTIA STOP (OPTIONAL): Tennycape STOP Paddy's Island near Medford. NS STOP Blomidon Provincial Park. Cape Blomidon STOP Coves along Scots Bay MINAS SUB.BASIN. NORTH SHORE OF THE MINAS BASIN. NOVA SCOTIA STOP Carrs Brook near Lower Economy. NS STOP Five Islands Provincial Park STOP Wasson Bluff near Parrsboro. NS Structural Geology and Stratigraphy Paleontology Acknowledgments REFERENCES

7 INTERNATIONAL GE0U)GICAL CONGRESS FIELD TRIP T-351 TECTONIC, DEPOSITIONAL, AND PALEOECOLOGICAL HISTORY OF EARLY MESOZOIC RIFT BASINS, EASTERN NORTH AMERICA JULY 20, 1989-JULY 30,1989 GULF, NORTH CAROLINA, USA to PARRSBORO, NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA GUIDEBOOK EDITORS Paul E. Olsenl Roy W. Schlischel Pamela J.W. Gore2 WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY Bruce Comet3 Patricia Gallaghe14 William Hoffman4 Amy R. McCunes Nicholas G. McDonald6 Joseph P. Smoot7 Richard P. Tollo8 Donald U. Wise9 William K. Wittel FIELD TRIP LEADERS Paul E. Olsen Pamela J.W. Gore ASSOCIATE LEADERS Roy W. Schlische Joseph P. Smoot Richard P. Tollo 'Department of Geological Sciences and Larnont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades. NY Deparunent of ~eolo&, Emory University, Atlanta, GA Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development, Geologic Survey Section, Raleigh, NC S~eparun&t of Ecology and Systematics, Come11 University, Ithaca, NY Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, (X United States Geological Survey, 912 National Center, Reston, VA Department of Geology, George Washington University, Washington, DC gdepartment of Geology and Geography, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003