Cruise Report 2007 RMP Sediment Report

Transcription

1 Cruise Report 2007 RMP Sediment Report August 21-29, 2007

2 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report details activities associated with the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary (RMP) annual sediment cruise. The cruise was redesigned in 2002 to adopt a randomized sampling strategy in place of the 26 base stations sampled in previous years. 2.0 CRUISE REPORT 2.1 Objectives All sampling was conducted from the R/V Endeavor. The objectives of the sampling effort were to: 1. Collect sediment samples from 47 sites for analysis of trace organics by East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD). 2. Collect sediment samples from 47 sites for analysis of trace elements (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Ag, and Zn) by the City and County of San Francisco (CCSF). 3. Collect sediment samples from 47 sites for analysis of arsenic (As), selenium (Se), mercury (Hg), and monomethyl mercury (mehg) by BRL. 4. Collect sediment samples from 9 sites for analysis of mercury and monomethyl mercury as part of an intercalibration exercise by the University of California at Santa Cruz Department of Environmental Toxicology (UCSC). 5. Collect sediment samples from 47 sites for analysis of ancillary parameters (grainsize, TOC, and TN) by AMS-TX. 6. Collect sediment samples from 9 sites for analysis of ancillary parameters (grainsize, TOC, and TN) as part of an intercalibration exercise by UCSC. 7. Collect sediment samples from 27 sites for analysis of toxicity by University of California at Davis Granite Canyon (UCD-GC). 8. Collect sediment samples from 47 sites for trace metals archive. 9. Collect sediment samples from 47 sites for trace organics archive. 10. Collect a water column profile at each site for analysis of temperature, conductivity, optical back scatterance, and dissolved oxygen by Applied Marine Sciences (AMS). Page 2

3 11. Collect cores for on-board analysis of Eh at 47 sites by San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI). 12. Collect direct ph measurements from the interstitial water found in the undisturbed sediment in the grab at 47 sites by AMS. 13. Collect mini-cores for analysis of nitrogen cycling at 47 sites (independent piggyback study by Stanford). 14. Collect samples for analysis of nanoparticles at 12 sites (independent piggyback study by University of South Carolina (USC)). 2.2 Personnel The personnel and work assignments for this cruise are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Sampling Personnel for 2007 RMP Sediment Cruise Name Affiliation Duties Amy Franz SFEI Sample Collection, 8/21-23, 8/28 Don Yee SFEI Sample Collection, 8/21 Sarah Lowe SFEI Sample Collection, 8/22 Meredith Williams SFEI Sample Collection, 8/23 Nicole David SFEI Sample Collection, 8/24, Letitia Grenier SFEI Sample Collection, 8/24 Susan Klosterhaus SFEI Sample Collection, 8/27 Katie Harrold SFEI Sample Collection, 8/29 Richard Looker RWQCB Sample Collection, 8/29 Paul Salop AMS Cruise Manager, Sample Collection Clare Dominik AMS Sample Collection, 8/21-23, 8/27-8/29 Bryan Bemis AMS Sample Collection, 8/24 Dove Cammack AMS Logistics Jay Johnson AMS Logistics Annika Mosier Stanford Piggyback study, 8/21-8/24 Jason Stanford Piggyback study, 8/2-8/4 George Wells Stanford Piggyback study, 8/2-8/4 Nick Sakata USBR RV Endeavor Skipper 2.3 Cruise Schedule Sampling activities for the 2007 Sediment Cruise are shown in Table 2: Page 3

4 Table 2. Cruise Activities for 2007 RMP Sediment Cruise Date Time Activity August 16, At conclusion of RMP Water Cruise, AMS personnel mobilized sediment sampling gear aboard vessel R/V Endeavor at Redwood City Marina, Redwood City. August 21, Mobilized remaining sampling gear aboard vessel R/V Endeavor at Redwood City Marina, Redwood City. Conducted safety briefing. Departed for site LSB003S Sampled LSB003S, departed for LSB034S Sampled LSB034S, departed for BA Sampled BA10, departed for LSB036S Sampled LSB036S, departed for LSB033S Sampled LSB033S, departed for LSB004S Sampled LSB004S, departed for LSB002S Sampled LSB002S, departed for LSB001S Sampled LSB001S, departed for LSB035S Sampled LSB035S (strong currents and soft substrate required vessel to reset anchor multiple times), departed for Redwood City Marina Arrived Redwood City Marina, demobilized vessel. All samples left on vessel overnight. August 22, Mobilized sampling gear aboard vessel at Martinez Marina and conducted safety briefing. Departed for site BA Sampled BA41, departed for SB036S Sampled SB036S, departed for SB034S Sampled SB034S, departed for SB002S Sampled SB002S, departed for SB004S Sampled SB004S, departed for SB001S Sampled SB001S, departed for SB033S Sampled SB033S, departed for SB003S. Page 4

5 Date Time Activity Sampled SB003S, departed for CB002S Sampled CB002S, departed for SB035S Sampled SB035S, departed for Redwood City Marina Arrived Redwood City Marina, demobilized vessel. All samples left on vessel overnight. August 23, Mobilized sampling gear aboard vessel at Redwood City Marina and conducted safety briefing. Departed for CB034S Sampled CB034S, departed for CB004S Sampled CB004S, departed for CB036S Sampled CB036S, departed for BC Sampled BC11, departed for Emeryville Marina Arrived Emeryville Marina, refueled, and demobilized vessel. Ms. Cammack retrieved all samples for delivery to AMS and transported sampling personnel to Redwood City to retrieve personal vehicles. August 24, Mobilized sampling gear aboard vessel at Emeryville Marina and conducted safety briefing. Departed for site CB033S Sampled CB033S, departed for CB001S Sampled CB001S, departed for CB003S Sampled CB003S, departed for CB035S Sampled CB035S, departed for SPB004S Sampled SPB004S, departed for SPB036S Arrived SPB036S, attempted sampling and repositioning within 100m radius, but unable to obtain appropriate sediment. Replaced with oversample site SPB075S Sampled SPB002S, departed for Martinez Marina. Page 5

6 Date Time Activity Arrived Martinez Marina and demobilized vessel. UCD-GC representative retrieved all toxicity samples for transport to UCD-GC Ms. Cammack retrieved all samples for transfer to AMS and transferred sampling personnel to personal vehicles at Emeryville Marina. August 27, Mobilized sampling gear aboard vessel at Martinez Marina and conducted safety briefing. Departed for SPB034S (departure time delayed due to insufficient water depth to depart marina) Sampled SPB034S, departed for BD Sampled BD31, departed for SPB001S Sampled SPB001S, departed for SPB033S Sampled SPB033S, departed for SPB075S (replacement site for SPB036S) Sampled SPB075S, departed for SPB035S Sampled SPB035S, departed for SPB003S Sampled SPB003S, departed for Martinez Marina Arrived Martinez Marina, demobilized vessel. All samples left on vessel overnight. August 28, Mobilized sampling gear aboard vessel at Martinez Marina. Departed for BF Sampled BF21, departed for SU033S Sampled SU033S, departed for SU001S Sampled SU001S, departed for SU003S Sampled SU003S, departed for SU036S Arrived SU036S, attempted sampling and repositioning within 100m radius, but unable to obtain appropriate sediment. Replaced with oversample site SU079S. Departed for SU002S. Page 6

7 Date Time Activity Arrived SU002S, unable to obtain appropriate sediment at target coordinates. Repositioned vessel and completed sampling. Departed for SU034S Sampled SU034S, departed for SU004S Sampled SU004S, departed for SU079S Sampled SU0079S, departed for Martinez Marina Arrived Martinez Marina, demobilized vessel. All samples left on vessel overnight. August 29, Mobilized sampling gear aboard vessel at Martinez Marina and conducted safety briefing. Departed for SU078S (replacement site for pre-abandoned site SU035S) Sampled SU078S, departed for BG Arrived BG20, unable to obtain appropriate sediment at target coordinates or within 100m radius of target. Repositioned vessel outside of 100m radius and completed sampling. Departed for BG Sampled BG30, departed for Martinez Marina Arrived Martinez Marina, demobilized vessel. Mr. Johnson retrieved all chemistry samples and sampling gear for transport to AMS. Ms. Dominik delivered all toxicity samples to UCD-GC personnel in Santa Cruz. 2.4 Sampling Procedures Sediment sampling equipment was cleaned in the laboratory by AMS personnel prior to sampling. Equipment that was pre-cleaned included: Van Veen Grab Sample scoops Compositing bucket Wash bottles Equipment was soaked (fully immersed) for a minimum of three days in a 0.5 % solution of Liquinox detergent and deionized water. Following the soak, equipment was rinsed Page 7

8 three times each with deionized water, a 1.0 % solution of hydrochloric acid, methanol, and deionized water again. All equipment was then allowed to dry in a clean place. The cleaned grab was wrapped in aluminum foil for transport to the field. All other equipment was stored in clean Ziploc bags until used in the field. The goal of the sampling program design was to collect fine sediments (qualitatively > 60% fines) at all appropriate random sites. At long-term spine of the estuary sites (e.g., BG20, BG30, BD31), and at randomized sites sampled annually (e.g., SU001S, SU002S, LSB001S, LSB002S), samples were collected even if the sediments did not meet the qualitative screening criteria (typically after the vessel had repositioned to locate the greatest proportion of fine sediments within immediate vicinity of the target area). At other sites where insufficient amounts of fine material were observed, the vessel was first repositioned within an approximately 100m radius of the target coordinates. If appropriate sediments were unable to be obtained within this area around the target coordinates, the scheduled sites were replaced with predetermined oversample sites. Upon sampling, when the Van Veen grab was brought on deck, overlying water was first allowed to drain off. Next, measurements of in situ ph were recorded by submerging a Hach ph probe directly into the sediment to approximately 2.5 cm in depth. A total of four measurements (two measurements from each of two grabs) were recorded for each station. Sediment was next removed by sampling personnel from one of the grabs for two special studies prior to any removal of bulk sediment for compositing. Six 10 cc syringe cores were removed from the sediment surface of one grab as part of the SDGES special study. One approximately 7.5 cm core was then collected at each site for oxic layer analysis. Sediment coming in contact with the ph and cored areas was avoided when collecting sediments for chemical analysis. The remaining top 5 cm of sediment was scooped from a minimum of two replicate grabs and mixed in a pre-cleaned compositing bucket to provide a single composite sample for each site for analysis of chemistry, TOC, grainsize, and toxicity (where applicable). Portions of the composited sample were placed into precleaned containers provided by each laboratory. Duplicate trace organic and trace element chemistry samples were collected from the composite for archives. The quality of grab samples was ensured by requiring each sample to satisfy a set of criteria concerning the depth of penetration and disturbance of the sediment within the grab. In this way, each sample normally contained the top 5 cm of sediment within the area of the grab jaws. In addition to the qualitative assessment of fine sediments within each grab, samples were rejected for the following conditions: Page 8

9 A rock or shell fragment wedged between the jaws of the grab allowed the sample to wash out. The sample surface was significantly disturbed. The sample was uneven from side to side, indicating that the grab was tilted when it penetrated the sediment. The surface of the sample was in contact with the top doors of the grab, suggesting over-penetration of the grab and possible loss of material around the doors. In an attempt to minimize the amount of time sediments used for analysis of mehg were exposed to the open-air environment, a twenty-minute time limit was instituted between the time of collection of first usable sediments (i.e., when first successful grab was placed on the vessel deck) and the placement of filled sample containers on dry ice. Typically, when only two grabs were required for a particular site, the collection and aliquot for mehg analysis was completed within the twenty-minute window. When three grabs were required (i.e., sediment toxicity stations), this sometimes required sampling personnel to collect two grabs, composite the sediment, fill and freeze the mehg sample, and then add a third grab to the bulk sediment for compositing and aliquoting the remaining samples outside of this twenty-minute window. Sampling containers used and handling procedures followed are summarized in Table 3; see note regarding analysis of Hg and mehg by UCSC in the General Comments section below. Table 3. Containers and Sample Handling for RMP Sediment Cruise Sample Container Handling Requirements Trace Elements 250 ml HDPE Placed in freezer Trace Organics 250 ml glass Placed in freezer Ancillary (AMS-TX) 250 ml HDPE Placed in refrigerator, 28-day hold time Ancillary (UCSC) 250 ml HDPE Placed in freezer As, Se (BRL) 125 ml HDPE Placed in freezer Hg, mehg (BRL) 250 ml HDPE Placed immediately on dry ice (within 20 minutes of first successful grab collection) Hg and mehg (UCSC) 125 ml HDPE Placed in freezer Sed Tox 1 liter Refrigerated Nanoparticles 250 ml glass Placed in freezer ph None Measured on board vessel Eh None Measured on board vessel Archive Trace Elements 250 ml HDPE Placed in freezer Archive Trace Organics 250 ml glass Placed in freezer Page 9

10 2.5 General Comments All objectives of the cruise were met. Three 2007 target stations were unable to be sampled and were replaced with the first appropriate oversample site from each respective region. Site SU035S was located within a restricted area within the Mothball Fleet and was replaced prior to the cruise with oversample site SU078S. Sites SPB036S and SU036S both exhibited a lack of suitable substrate (i.e, a lack of fine materials within a 100 m radius of the target coordinates), and were replaced during the cruise with oversample sites SPB075S and SU079S, respectively. At two annual monitoring stations, SU002S 1 and BG20, sampling personnel were unable to locate suitable substrate within a 100m radius of target coordinates, and therefore were forced to move outside of the 100m radius to locate suitable substrate. RMP may need to consider relocation or abandonment of these two sites in future years. At one site, LSB035S, high currents and soft substrate caused vessel to drift between grabs collected, which lengthened the time between successful grabs to over twenty minutes. For this reason, the mehg sample was aliquoted from one grab only. All other sites, the mehg sample was obtained from material homogenized from two or three grabs. The scheme for allocating sediment toxicity stations was altered mid-cruise. For the first day, samples were allocated per the cruise plan and previous year s allocations. Beginning with 8/22/07 samples, SFEI requested that the allocation scheme used to select sediment toxicity sites from among the randomized sites be altered from previously analyzing at all odd-numbered sites within a region (e.g., SB001S, SB003S, SB033S, and SB035S), to now analyzing at the four lowest numbered-sites within a region (e.g., SB001S, SB002S, SB003S, and SB004S). Due to a sample receiving error at UCSC, the samples collected for analysis of Hg, mehg, and ancillary parameters at nine sites by UCSC thawed, precluding their use for analysis. USCS subsequently requested and was granted use of the trace metal archives at these nine stations from which to conduct the analyses. AMS provided replacement archives for these analyses as shown in 1 SU002S appears to be in an area of active dredging. Page 10

11 Table 4. It should be noted that, as opposed to procedures used to collect the original samples and for BRL intercomparison samples, the trace metal archive samples were not placed on dry ice within the 20 minute planned timeframe. They were instead collected as one of several aliquots from the site homogenate and frozen in the sample freezer. Page 11

12 Table 4. Replacement Sample Identification Numbers for UCSC Intercalibration Analysis of Hg and mehg. Site Original Sample ID Replacement Sample ID (formerly TM Archive) BA10 RMP07SC-104 RMP07SC-109 BC11 RMP07SC-123 RMP07SC-128 BD31 RMP07SC-134 RMP07SC-139 CB001S RMP07SC-361 RMP07SC-366 CB002S RMP07SC-372 RMP07SC-376 LSB001S RMP07SC-169 RMP07SC-174 LSB002S RMP07SC-180 RMP07SC-184 SPB001S RMP07SC-295 RMP07SC-300 SPB002S RMP07SC-306 RMP07SC-310 A piggyback study for collection of samples for analysis of nanoparticles was added between the time of cruise plan development and cruise initiation. Sites sampled for this investigation are shown in Table Sample Labeling The sample ID labeling system used for the 2007 cruise is as follows: Where: RMP07SC_XXXX RMP = Project 07 = Cruise Year SC = Matrix (Sediment Cruise) XXXX = Unique ID number Page 12

13 Site Code Trace Elements (BRL) Trace Organics (EBMUD) Hg, mehg (BRL) Ancillary (AMS-TX) Trace Organics Archive (AMS) Trace Metals Archive (AMS) Toxicity (UCD-GC) Hg, mehg (UCSC) Ancillary (UCSC) Nanoparticles (USC) Oxic Layer Analysis (SFEI) CTD (AMS) ph (AMS) RMP Sediment Cruise Report 2.7 Sampling Sites Table 5 shows samples collected during the cruise along with the average of the four sediment ph results for each site. Table 6 shows site coordinates, water depth, substrate description, and additional comments about sampling. Table RMP Sediment Cruise Sample Sites and Analytes BA BA BC BD BF BG BG CB001S 6.3 CB002S 7.0 CB003S 6.5 CB004S 7.2 CB033S 6.4 CB034S 7.1 CB035S 6.9 CB036S 7.1 LSB001S 7.5 LSB002S 6.9 LSB003S 7.3 LSB004S 6.9 LSB033S 7.1 LSB034S 7.2 LSB035S LSB036S 7.1 SB001S 7.1 SB002S 7.4 SB003S 7.0 Page 13

14 Site Code Trace Elements (BRL) Trace Organics (EBMUD) Hg, mehg (BRL) Ancillary (AMS-TX) Trace Organics Archive (AMS) Trace Metals Archive (AMS) Toxicity (UCD-GC) Hg, mehg (UCSC) Ancillary (UCSC) Nanoparticles (USC) Oxic Layer Analysis (SFEI) CTD (AMS) ph (AMS) RMP Sediment Cruise Report SB004S 7.2 SB033S 7.0 SB034S 7.0 SB035S 7.2 SB036S 7.4 SPB001S 7.1 SPB002S 6.9 SPB003S 7.3 SPB004S 6.8 SPB033S 7.0 SPB034S 7.5 SPB035S 7.0 SPB075S 7.0 SU001S 7.0 SU002S 6.8 SU003S 7.1 SU004S 7.1 SU033S 7.0 SU034S 6.9 SU078S 6.8 SU079S 7.5 TOTAL Notes: 1 Average of four measurements collected in two grabs 2 Sample collected from 1 grab composite due to time restriction for mehg collection Page 14

15 Table RMP Sediment Cruise Site Descriptions. Depth not corrected for tidal height. Site Code Latitude Longitude Depth Target Actual Target Actual (m) Sediment Character and Comments BA Not recorded BA Fines, sand, shell hash BC Semi-consolidated fines, hydroids, shell hash, clay BD Semi-consolidated fines, Ampelisca BF Semi-consolidated fines BG Fine sands, fines, shell hash; shifted outside 100m radius BG Clay CB001S Semi-consolidated fines. CB002S Slightly consolidated fines, Ampelisca CB003S Semi-consolidated fines, Ampelisca, anoxic layer at depth CB004S Semi-consolidated fines, Ampelisca, sand CB033S Unconsolidated fines, tube worms, hydroids CB034S Clay, unconsolidated fines, tube worms CB035S Fines, sand, shell hash CB036S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca LSB001S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca LSB002S Slightly consolidated fines, Ampelisca, shallow anoxic layer LSB003S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca LSB004S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca LSB033S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca LSB034S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca LSB035S Consolidated fines, sand, shell hash LSB036S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca SB001S Fines, shell hash SB002S Consolidated fines, Ampelisca SB003S Not recorded SB004S Fines, shell hash Page 15

16 Site Code Latitude Longitude Depth Target Actual Target Actual (m) Sediment Character and Comments SB033S Not recorded SB034S Semi-consolidated fines, shell hash, clay SB035S Unconsolidated fines, shell hash, anoxic layer at depth SB036S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca SPB001S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca SPB002S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca SPB003S Slightly consolidated fines, Ampelisca SPB004S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca SPB033S Unconsolidated fines, Ampelisca SPB034S Semi-consolidated fines, sand, vegetative debris SPB035S Slightly consolidated fines, Ampelisca SPB036S Not sampled, all sand SPB075S Slightly consolidated fines; replacement site for SPB036S SU001S Fines, sand, shell hash SU002S Fines, fine sand, sand; shifted outside 100m radius SU003S Clay, sand, shell SU004S Semi-consolidated fines, thin anoxic layer SU033S Semi-consolidated fines, sand, shell hash SU034S Unconsolidated fines SU035S NS NS NS Not sampled, within restricted area SU036S Not sampled, all sand SU078S Unconsolidated fines; replacement site for SU035S SU079S Consolidated fines; replacement site for SU036S Page 16