Tore Supra Dust Work Program

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Magdalene Cain
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1 Tore Supra Work Program C. Grisolia, S. Rosanvallon 1, A. Vatry, Ph. Delaporte 3 S.H. Hong 2, F. Onofri 3, C. Arnas 3, S. Vartanian, H. Roche, C. Hernandez, E. Gauthier. 1 now ITER team 2 now KSTAR team 3 CNRS, France

2 General Context DUST in Tore Supra

3 General Context WP : characterisation In situ measurements (diagnostics on hot surfaces, total quantity) control during operation (removal techniques and RH toolls)

4 General Context PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection

5 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection

6 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown)

7 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak

8 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS

9 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust]

10 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors IR measurements = [layers + dust]

11 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

12 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

13 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

14 Conversion Factor Measurements Normal operation Disruption, ELMs Conditioning production : erosion redeposition In vessel Cd Cd = recovered / Material eroded Goals: Cd evaluation in Tore Supra [dust collection + carbon eroded quantities during erosion processes]

15 Conversion Factor Measurements recovered in Tore Supra Studied Tore Supra campaign (Chappuis, 2001) 14500s of shot operation. 986 shots Total injected energy ~ 25GJ Disruption: 500kJ, Sint=1m 2, 15% of shots (150) collection by vacuum cleaning: Toroidal asymmetry & Poloidaly distributed by gravity Total mobilisable quantity : Qc ~ 30g (Courtesy, Ph Sharp)

1. Erosion during normal operation (Hogan, 2006): Model of CII brightness Mc(g) = 12.8 10-3 Et (Mj) (Et=injected energy) Mc~25 103 x 12.

16 1. Erosion during normal operation (Hogan, 2006): Model of CII brightness Mc(g) = Et (Mj) (Et=injected energy) Mc~ x ~ 320g (Laser Ablation for code calibration) Conversion Factor Measurements 2. Erosion during disruption No direct measurements but Lab. Results Plasma Gun (QSPA, Troisk, Zhiltlukhin, 2007) Pan fiber erosion ~ µm/m 2 for 500kJ/cm2 (idem Tore Supra graphite) if Sint ~1m2 & Ethermal~500kJ: Mc~ g per disruption 150 shots: Mc~30 60g Remark: if, Absorbed energy<500kj/m2 and if Ablation threshold energy > 500kJ/m2 (idem than laser ablation) No ablation! And Mc~0g 3. Erosion during conditioning Helium Glow Discharges (HeGD): Iglow=3A, Vglow=300V. PFC facing Glow plasma=100m2 Iglow density~3µa/cm² Ions surface density~ Ionsm-2s-1 Carbon sputtering yield ~ & S~20m2 of C limiters, Mc~0.6g per day of HeGD For the 5 months period, Mc~10gr. Comments: Conditioning procedures must not induce layer destabilization!

Conversion Factor Measurements Cd evaluation Cd = dust collected / eroded quantity = 30 / ([320 / 460 ]+ [30 60] + 10 ) = 5-8 % normal disruption conditioning However, if no ablation during

17 Conversion Factor Measurements Cd evaluation Cd = dust collected / eroded quantity = 30 / ([320 / 460 ]+ [30 60] + 10 ) = 5-8 % normal disruption conditioning However, if no ablation during disruption, Cd=30/360=8% (10% in the ITER assessment) Needs: Careful confirmation with a cross machine evaluation Erosion measurements combined with PFC metrology on line diags for in vessel dust measurements PhD ongoing work ( )

in x-y Test on real samples and in Tore Supra (2009) Negative points: Shutdown

18 Conversion Factor Measurements: erosion validation Confocal spectrometry (Gauthier, Roche): Positive points: Max spatial resolution : 1 µm in z, 10 µm in x-y Test on real samples and in Tore Supra (2009) Negative points: Shutdown measurements references needed time consuming: 30 on TPL sector : zones 11 days

19 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

20 Electrostatic detector Installation of detector on a flange of a vertical Tore Supra port (with C Skinner) To be installed in 2009

21 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

22 CCD observations in Tore Supra Impact on Tokamak operation (with Suk Ho Hong)

23 CCD observations in Tore Supra (with Suk Ho Hong)

T e High electron density High neutral density volume recombination zone Ideal

24 CCD observations in JET Density Limit Disruption Study in JET: VIS and IR Camera Observation of Detached Plasmas/MARFEs Detached plasma/marfe region Low T e High electron density High neutral density volume recombination zone Ideal place for the formation of higher hydrocarbon molecules (with Suk Ho Hong & JET team)

25 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

26 Laser extinction spectroscopy (With F. Onofri, IUSTI/CNRS Marseille)

Laser extinction spectroscopy Association Light Scattering

$Discrete Dippole Approx) Refractive index data base (W, Be, C,$ 85 Spectral transmissivity Polarization diagrams mono /

70 0.65 0.60 0.55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Wavelength λ [µm] (With F.

27 Laser extinction spectroscopy Association Light Scattering models: Effective medium theories (Lorenz-Mie, T-Matrix, Discrete Dippole Approx) Refractive index data base (W, Be, C, WeO, BeO ) Scattering diagrams 0.95 Extinction spectra 0.85 Spectral transmissivity Polarization diagrams mono / polydisperse Carbonaceous Beryllium Tungsten Wavelength λ [µm] (With F. Onofri, IUSTI/CNRS Marseille) C. Grisolia IAEA Research Co-ordination Meeting on, Vienna 12/2008

28 Laser extinction spectroscopy (With F. Onofri, IUSTI/CNRS Marseille)

29 Laser extinction spectroscopy (With F. Onofri, IUSTI/CNRS Marseille)

Experiments in preparation Extinction basic

30 Experiments in preparation Extinction basic setups Laser extinction spectroscopy Under developpement: - mean free path & long range extinction spectrometer (FTIR) - test loop: controlled aerosols and variable chamber lengths. (With F. Onofri, IUSTI/CNRS Marseille)

31 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

32 Sampling of dust (dust characterisation)

33 Sampling of dust (dust characterisation)

34 Sampling of dust (dust characterisation) Samples from under the Tore Supra limiter

Sampling of dust (dust characterisation) Sampling after laser ablation

X - Y Laser fibré pulsé Ytterbium Miroir 99% éc hantillon Absorb eur

laser 24V 10A Ca pot de protection laser Alim entation & c ontrôle Tête

35 Sampling of dust (dust characterisation) Sampling after laser ablation CCD de visualisation Tête galva. X - Y Laser fibré pulsé Ytterbium Miroir 99% éc hantillon Absorb eur supports MEB boîte à poussières Extracteur Laserex Alim. laser 24V 10A Ca pot de protection laser Alim entation & c ontrôle Tête galva X - Y Unité contrôle / comm ande laser Moniteur de c ontrôle Montage optique laser pour ablation PC de c ontrôle - c omm ande

36 Sampling of dust (dust characterisation) (Rosanvallon, Escourbiac)

37 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

38 Laser removal Goal : develop a dust removal laser tool study the dust un-sticking process with different material determine the best collection technique (VC, electrostatic) Build a prototype and validate on Tokamak mock up PhD ongoing work ( ) (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille)

39 Laser removal (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille)

40 Laser removal Un-sticking efficiency vs fluence (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille) PRE 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 C on Si C on SiO2 C on W Fluence (mj/cm²) C dust on Si

41 Laser removal Un-sticking efficiency vs fluence (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille) W sursio 2 W sursi 1,0 0,8 0,6 PRE 0,4 0,2 0, Fluence (m J/cm ²) W dust (industrial sample) on Si

42 Laser removal Un-sticking efficiency vs fluence (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille) PRE 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 W on Si W on SiO Fluence (mj/cm²)

43 Laser removal (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille) On going work but preliminary conclusions W Droplets low SSA and well adhesive: needed to be removed?

44 Laser removal Characterisation of dust velocity after irradiation (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille)

Laser removal Characterisation of dust velocity after irradiation (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille) plume 1 plume 2 échantillon La plume se décompose petit à petit en deux parties distance

45 Laser removal Characterisation of dust velocity after irradiation (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille) plume 1 plume 2 échantillon La plume se décompose petit à petit en deux parties distance (mm) Pour P = 0,1 Pa d > 13mm Pour P = 10 Pa d > 4mm plume 1 plume 2 laser 5mm Pa 1 10 Pa 2 0,1 Pa temps (ns) Particules de W sur un substrat de Si pour F = 1.6J/cm² Vatry et al,journal of Nuclear Material, to be published

46 Laser removal (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille) Under vacuum : high pressure :

Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille) Laser focused 2-3 cm

47 Laser removal un-sticking process: shock wave under gas atmosphere (Castellation treatment) (with Vatry, Delaporte, LP3/CNRS, Marseille) Laser focused 2-3 cm above surface removed from Hot surfaces! Need more test with real material

48 Laser removal: RH tool Laser Applications System Kit Tool for RH system: Ablation/LIBS/ collection/ Vacuum Atm Pressure High T (operation 120 C) Laser Application System Kit

49 Laser removal Compact LASK LASK V2 Laser LIBS CCD + LED L1 Scan window UV+IR CCD + LED window LIBS CCD Scan Laser CCD collection (adhesion) Treated surface Treated surface Suction system

50 General Context Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

51 Impactors Characterisation of dust beginning and during shutdown (2009) characterisation (impactor) and collection: during pressure ramp up (beginning of shutdown) during maintenance operation (under air atmosphere) (dust collected will be analysed by SEM, TEM) (With IRSN team, Gendarmes & Vendel)

52 Conclusions Conversion factor evaluation PFC erosion Atoms debris Eroded Material deposition flaking Layer explosion Mobilisable Production collection erosion: y plasma laboratory studies: deposition: layer evolution: : Tools for dust collection: Plasma erosion Confocal microscopy (shutdown) Micro particles creation during Plasma Diag of particle in suspension Not yet in Tokamak LIBS CCD movies IR measurements = [layers + dust] Hot surfaces: total quantity: Electrostatic Extinction spectroscopy Impactors Sampling for properties evaluation: Vacuum cleaning Impactors sticking support Removal: Vacuum cleaning (VC) laser shock wave Laser suspension and VC Washing

French Research Activities on Dust in Fusion + Pr Winter team activities. Presented by C Grisolia

French Research Activities on Dust in Fusion + Pr Winter team activities Presented by C Grisolia Creation processes Diagnostics Removal (most of theses activities under the EFDA umbrella) Study of creation