Welcome to GCSE Geography. Where will it take us today?
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1 Welcome to GCSE Geography Where will it take us today?
2 Topic 1.2: global hazards 1.2a: What processes plate boundaries ai) How is the Earth structured? How is this linked to plate tectonics? 31/10/2018
3 Let s get thinking Similarities? Differences? Relevant Geo-lingo?
4 How is the Earth structured? Learning is successful when I can: name the 4 layers of the earth. describe what each layer is like [thickness and consistency]. Impressive Vocabulary buoyant understand how the layers interact and the outcomes of this Keywords Lithosphere Oceanic Continental Mantle Core Crust Molten Tectonic Geography Skills: Scale Conceptual understanding Literacy Skills: Use of terminology Employability Skills: Independent thinking Time management
5 PRESENT NEW INFORMATION LOOK, LISTEN, LEARN
6 The Earth s Structure Page 30 Draw a diagram of the Earth, showing its four layers Annotate each of the layers with at least two facts eg depth, temperature and composition What s the lithosphere? Who is Alfred Wegner? What links him to this topic? JOE software/bdwks update/plate tectonics
7 There are two types of crust What s the obvious difference (look beyond the toppings!!) One represents oceanic crust, one continental crust what do you reckon?
8 Oceanic v Continental Forms relatively quickly (due to renewal & recycling) Newer less than 200 million years old Denser (due to heavy iron & magnesium content) Thinner Can sink Takes a long time to form Older most over 1500 million years old Less dense (more buoyant) Thicker Cannot sink Cannot be renewed or recycled
9 Oceanic v Continental Oceanic Characteristic Continental Age Density Thickness Able to sink? Renewable & Recyclable? Where and why do oceanic plates get renewed and recycled?
10 TIP1: What do you notice about the majority of the plate names? SKILL1: Why is this KNoTS a top quality map? [What s missing?] TIP: Don t PANIC in the exam if you see this..
11 TIP: This is an American map, we know this because.. Over To You. Find an example of: (a) two plates converging (b) two plates diverging (c)two plates sliding parallel confused.com? No problem see page 30 Page 30-31
12 Moving plates Page Nothing to do with spinning or humans!!! Scientists USED to think that H from the C caused CCs in the M which drove the P to move, but they don t currently have enough evidence for this. Current Thinking: Ridge Push and Slab Pull. CC s in the M cause SM rock to rise to the surface of the Earth as it is W and T. This pushes older crust away. Older crust is C and T than the M so sinks. Ridge push happens at ConPBs and Slab pull at DPBs. CollPBs only occur on land where two ConPs collide.
13 HOW PLATES MOVE Plate Boundaries Crust Mantle Molten rock cools then starts to sink Convection Currents Molten rock gradually starts to heat up Molten rock reaches its maximum heat (does not continue to rise) Molten rock reaches a temp at which it rises
14 HOW PLATES MOVE Plate Boundaries Crust Mantle Convection Currents Ridge Push and Slab Pull
15 The Structure of the Earth Quiz 1. What is the name of the layer immediately under the crust? 2. What is the hottest layer of the earth? 3. What are the pieces that the earth s crust is split into called? 4. How hot is it in the Mantle? 5. How thick is the outer layer of the earth? 6. What is the point at which plates meet called? 7. Which two hazard types are you likely to find here? 8. State/Explain two differences between oceanic and continental crust
16 The Structure of the Earth Quiz 1. What is the name of the layer immediately under the crust? a) Core b) Mantle c) Plate 2. What is the hottest layer of the earth? a) Core b) Mantle c) Crust 3. Which crust type is thicker, less dense, and can t sink a) Continental b) Oceanic 4. The earth s crust splits in to areas called a) Saucers b) Cups c) Plates
17 The Structure of the Earth Quiz 5. What is the mantle made of? a) Solid rock b) Molten rock 6. Oceanic Crust is newer than continental crust? a) True b) False 7. The outer layer of the earth is the thickest layer a) True b) False 8. Where plates meet is called a? a) Plate joining point b) Plate boundary c) Plate meeting point 9. Where the plates join you are likely to get? a) Volcanoes b) Earthquakes c) Both of these
18 The Structure of the Earth Quiz 1. What is the name of the layer immediately under the crust? a) Core b) Mantle c) Plate 2. What is the hottest layer of the earth? a) Core b) Mantle c) Crust 3. Which crust type is thicker, less dense, and can t sink a) Continental b) Oceanic 4. The earth s crust splits in to areas called a) Saucers b) Cups c) Plates
19 The Structure of the Earth Quiz 5. What is the mantle made of? a) Solid rock b) Molten rock 6. Oceanic Crust is newer than continental crust? a) True b) False 7. The outer layer of the earth is the thickest layer a) True b) False 8. Where plates meet is called a? a) Plate joining point b) Plate boundary c) Plate meeting point 9. Where the plates join you are likely to get? a) Volcanoes b) Earthquakes c) Both of these
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