GMPE Implementation in OpenQuake (and GEM s Development Tools) Graeme Weatherill

Transcription

1 GMPE Implementation in OpenQuake (and GEM s Development Tools) Graeme Weatherill

2 GMPEs in OpenQuake 1. Overview of OpenQuake Development 2. GMPE Testing and Quality Assurance 3. Source and Site Characterisation in OpenQuake PSHA Calculations 4. Strong Motion Modeller stoolkit design and demonstration 5. Potential GEM Interactions for SARA WP6

3 Main features A multi-purpose tool A software for the calculation of hazard and physical risk Open and transparent Take a look at Hazard Risk oq-nrmllib A modular software OQ-engine is organized into a number of libraries oq-risklib oq-hazardlib

4 OpenQuake Input The oq-engine natively support PSHA input models accounting for epistemic uncertainties by means of a logic tree structure. OpenQuake-engine: Structure of the PSHA Input Model Defines calculation parameters Configuration file Seismic Source Logic Tree Initial Seismic Source Model A Defines alternative seismic source models + epistemic uncertainties Ground Motion Logic Tree Initial Seismic Source Model B Define alternative ground motion models (GMPEs)...

5 OpenQuake-hazardlib Hazard code consolidated into a single python library - Standalone - Cross-platform - Lightweight - Minimal Dependencies Four core workflows: i) Classical PSHA ii) Disaggregatio n iii) Event-Based PSHA iv) Scenario Workflows 1 and 3: Classical PSHA and Disaggregation Seismic Hazard Analysis Input - Seismic sources logic tree - Ground motion logic tree Logic Tree processor Ground motio on models Ruptures generator Classic Probabilistic Seismic Hazard calculator or Disaggregation calculator Workflow 2: Event-based PSHA Ground motio on models Logic Trees Descriptions Stochastic event set calculator Ground motion field calculator Ruptures generator Workflow 4: scenario-based hazard Ground motio on models Ground motion field calculator Legend: Single Ru upture Seismic sources description Set of ruptures Event-based Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Calculator Set of ground motion fields Output information used by the OQ-engine risk calculators

6 Testing and Quality Assurance in OpenQuake OpenQuake is implemented following a testdriven development approach Testing takes four different forms: 1. Unit-Testing 2. (Open) Code Review 3. Simple Quality Assurance 4. Advanced Quality Assurance Run continuously and all tests automatically checked nightly On-going and in development

7 Unit-Testing Every functionassociated with a test to ensure correctness of behaviour Every line of code should be covered by a test Expected results can be verified by independent software implementations where possible All tests must pass before any code is submitted

8 Code Review Before anyone (developer/scientist/outside-party) can submit code to the repository it is reviewed by at least one other developer (and, if necessary, a member of the scientific team) Developers will check the following: 1. All unit-tests are passing! 2. Code (and documentation) conforms to Python coding standards (PEP8) 3. Efficiency and quality

9 Quality Assurance Part 1: PEER Tests Full PSHA calculations for controlled conditions PEER Tests (Thomas et al., 2010) Check PSHA calculations against implementations verified by a hand and compared against other proprietary and open software PEER Tests run as part of the full test-suite that is run nightly developers notified immediately if these tests fail

10 Example PEER Test OQ PEER

11 Quality Assurance Part 2: PSHA Model Database OpenQuakeImplementations of Site-Specific and National Seismic Hazard Models Implement existing models (US, Canada, Japan, Australia etc.) in OpenQuaketo compare with implementations in other software (e.g. FRISK88, EQRM, NSHMP etc.) Differences can emerge due to: i) differences in source/site characterisation, ii) GMPE modifications, iii) bugs Ongoing work!

12 Regional Model Implementation OpenQuake-engine NIED Japan

13 GMPE Implementation and Quality Assurance in OpenQuake GMPEs implementation must be accompanied by corresponding tests Test-tables provide expected values of the GMPE (means and standard deviations) under an exhaustive combination of parameters. Test-tables constructed using GMPE implementations provided by the original authors Test-tables can also be supplied directly by the authors

14 Test-Tables Example

15 GMPE Implementation and Quality Assurance in OpenQuake GMPEs implementation must be accompanied by corresponding tests Test-tables provide expected values of the GMPE (means and standard deviations) under an exhaustive combination of parameters. Test-tables constructed using GMPE implementations provided by the original authors Test-tables can also be supplied directly by the authors Small modifications to existing GMPEs (e.g. changes to coefficients, minor changes to functional form) can be supported using sub-classes of the GMPE

16 Definitions for GMPEs See Github/Code file

17 Current GMPE Set (as of 9 May 2014) Refer to for the current status of supported GMPEs (updated nightly) Active Shallow Crust 1. Abrahamson & Silva (1997) 2. Abrahamson& Silva (2008) 3. Akkaret al. (2014)(also labelledas Akkaret al (2013) 4. Akkar& Bommer(2010) 5. Akkar& Çagnan(2010) 6. Boore, Joyner & Fumal(1993) 7. Boore, Joyner & Fumal(1997) 8. Boore& Atkinson (2008) 9. Boore& Atkinson (2011) 10. Campbell & Bozorgnia(2003) 11. Campbell & Bozorgnia (2008) 12. Cauzzi& Faccioli(2008) 13. Chiou& Youngs(2008) 14. Climent et al. (1994) 15. Faccioli et al. (2010) 16. Lin (2009) 17.Sadighet al. (1997) 18. Si & Midorikawa(1999) 19.Zhaoet al. (2006) Active Shallow Crust

18 Current GMPE Set (as of 9 May 2014 updated regularly) Refer to for the current status of supported GMPEs (updated nightly) Subduction 1. Atkinson & Boore(2003) 2. Garcia et al (2005) In-slab (Only) 3. Geomatrix(1993) 4. Lin & Lee (2008) 5. Si & Midorikawa(1999) 6. Youngset al. (1997) 7. Zhao et al. (2006) Abrahamson et al (2014) BC Hydro Model has been coded but awaiting input from authors for testing!

19 Current GMPE Set (as of 9 May 2014 updated regularly) Refer to for the current status of supported GMPEs (updated nightly) Stable Continental Crust 1. Allen (2012) 2. Atkinson & Boore(1995) (plus modifications) 3. Atkinson & Boore(2006) (plus modifications) 4. Berge-Thierry et al. (2003) 5. Campbell (2003) 6. Frankel et al. (1996) 7. Pezeshket al. (2011) 8. Silva et al. (2002) 9. Somerville et al. (2001) 10. Somerville et al. (2009) 11.Tavakoli& Pezeshk(2005) 12.Toro et al. (1997; 2003) Also includes Douglas et al. (2013) for induced seismicity in enhanced geothermal regions

20 What about NGA West-2? Implementation is now underway Modifications needed throughout the oq-hazardlibto accommodate more complex directivity parameters Older/superseded GMPEs? Some are implemented to compare older seismic hazard maps May not always be able to obtain independent verifications Can be implemented if necessary but must implement a Non-verified warning

21 What about GMPE Tables? Currently not supported Cannot control quality assurance process, Prefer direct implementation Reduces efficiency Requires new data format for representing tables This is now being reconsidered support for tables is now an objective for a (not too distant) future version

22 oq-hazardlib Source Characterisation Distributed Seismicity Sources (Point and Area Source) Epicenter position (long.,lat.) Point Source with Magnitude Frequency Distribution (MFD) Upper Seismogenic depth Rupture shape determined by scaling relationship and aspect ratio Lower Seismogenic depth

23 oq-hazardlib Source Characterisation Simple Fault Sources Simple Fault with MFD Fault trace Upper Seismogenic depth Rupture size and shape determined by scaling relationship and aspect ratio Upper Seismogenic depth

24 oq-hazardlib Source Characterisation AA Complex Fault Sources Top and bottom edges Intermediate edges Sumatra Subduction Model from SLAB 1.0

25 Complex Subduction Sources

26 OpenQuake Rupture, Site & Distance Objects Rupture Object Contains: 1) Magnitude 2) Dip 3) Rake 4) Z TOR 5) Hypocentral Depth 6) Down-dip Width Site Object Contains: 1) V S30 (m/s) 2) V S30 measured (True/False) 3) Z 1.0 4) Z 2.5 Distances Object Contains: 1) Epicentral(repi) 2) Hypocentral(rhypo) 3) Joyner-Boore(rjb) 4) Rupture (rrup) 5) R-x (rx)

27 GMPEs in OpenQuake Interaction with GEM OpenQuake is TRULY open-source (under the terms of the GNU Affero licence) Anyone can view code (no login/password/account is required!) Anyone can download code and make modifications in their own environment Anyone can contribute code (including/especially GMPEs) to the repositories Subject to fulfillment of the testing/code review/quality assurance process If you wish to request GMPEs then please do provide us with either comprehensive test tables and/or source code of the GMPE This includes making modifications to the coefficients of existing GMPEs!

28 The OpenQuake Software Family! OpenQuake-engine OpenQuake-platform oq-nrmlib oq-hazardlib oq-risklib Hazard Modeller s Toolkit (hmtk) Strong Motion Modeller s Toolkit (gmpe-smtk)

29 GMPE Selection in PSHA Numerical methods frequently used to compare GMPEs against strong motion records assess suitability of use and/or weighting in logic tree (e.g. Delavauld et al., 2012) 1. Comparison of observed records against expected ground motions from GMPEs 2. Quantitative comparison of fit of GMPEs to records (e.g. Scherbaumet al., 2004; Scherbaumet al, 2009; Kale and Akkar, 2013 etc.) 3. Comparison of model space (e.g. Stewart et al., 2014; Scherbaum et al., 2010)

30 GMPE Selection in PSHA Different source code/tools/implementation of the GMPE Cannot be certain the GMPE used for these tools is exactly identical to the GMPE used in the PSHA software! How to redress this process?

31 The Strong Motion Modeller s Toolkit (gmpe-smtk) GEM s Newest Scientific Toolset GNU Affero Licence(open-source) Python library of functions for (at present): Calculation of Ground Motion Intensity Measures Visualisation of GMPEs (Trellis Plots) Storage and selection of ground motion records Comparison of observed records with GMPEs... more to follow! OQ-hazardlibused as a dependency same GMPEs used for model selection as used in the PSHA code itself!

32 Gmpe-smtk Architecture Parsers Readers for different databases: metadata, time-series, spectra Database constructor can configure attributes stored gmpe- smtk Database Intensity Measures Response Spectra Residual Analysis Trellis Plots Intensity Measures: PGA, PGV, PDG, Timeseries, Arias, CAV, Duration, horizontal spectra (GM, GMRotD, GMRotI Response spectra calculators: Nigam & Jennings (1969); Newmark-β, etc. Compares Records Against OQ-GMPEs: i) Residual analysis (M, R, Vs30 etc. ii) Likelihood & Log-likelihood iii) EDR (Akkar& Kale) Compare GMPEs using Trellis Plots, with arbitrary or rupture-based configuration: Magnitude, distance, spectra, standard deviation etc.

33 Demonstrations IPython notebook examples

34 GEM Interaction with SARA WP6 At the database compilation stage: Can assist in the definition of common data (and database) formats Try to ensure compatibility with GEM tools Provide guidance and feedback (if required) regarding consistency between GMPE source/site definitions and those required by the PSHA model Coordination with other work packages

35 GEM Interaction with SARA WP6 At the GMPE Selection Stage: Collaboration and development of SMTK (new features, data formats etc.) SARA participants can provide example data and (if they wish) code to generate independent tests of the software Feedback/Usage requirements etc.