Messinian glaciation with peak glacials TG20 and TG22 in C3r, with astronomical ages of 5.75 and 5.79 Ma (Site 982 in Hilgen et al.

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1 Appendix 1. Miocene bioevent calibrations per ODP/DSDP Hole, arranged according to region. Regional ages are a reflection of the individual site/hole range, using the most reliable calibrations (see chapter "Materials and Methods Sources of Error"). Ages in bold are considered most reliable. Ages of global sequences of Hardenbol et al. (1998) are according tot he updates in Ogg and Lugowski (2008). Depths in bold are the actual sampling level of the bioevent (contra overlying/underlying samples). For calculation details of updated ages see Appendix 3. Notes Fossil Group: = Planktonic Foraminifer; CN = Calcareous nannofossil; = Bolboform alga; = Dinoflagellate Cyst or Acritarch; MD = Marine Diatom; RA = Radiolarian a b c Event type: LO = Last uphole Occurrence; FO = First uphole Occurrence CSubchrons = Cande & Kent (1995); Lourens et al. (2004); Nannoplankton Zones: CN = Okada & Bukry (1980); NN = Martini (1971); Planktonic foraminiferal Zones: N of Blow (1969) d Warm water influx of N. dutertrei (and Globorotalia menardii) marks deglaciation and glacioeustatic sealevel rise Ma, Atlantic Morocco (Hilgen et al and references therein) e End of Messinian glaciation with deglaciation period from TG12 (5.548 Ma) to TG9 (5.445 Ma) in Hilgen et al Bracketed by two calcareous 'biogenic bloom' peaks at Site 982 (DiesterHaass et al. 2005) f g h i j k l m n Corresponds to the Globorotalia margaritae acme identified in Atlantic Morocco during peak glacials TG20 and TG22, 5.75 and 5.79 Ma (Hilgen et al and references therein) Messinian glaciation with peak glacials TG20 and TG22 in C3r, with astronomical ages of 5.75 and 5.79 Ma (Site 982 in Hilgen et al. 2007) Section interval based on their published range charts Increase in N. pachyderma (s) suggests a decrease in seasurface temp. to minimum at 6.2 Ma. Extensive dissolution possibly due to increased AABW. Glaciation preceeding MSC. Sinistraldextral pulse cyclicity with periodicity of ~ 125 kya (Turco et al., ). Possibly connected to Late Miocene global deltac13 shift, Arthur et al. (). This coiling change is a marker for the Mio./ Plio. boundary in temperate zonation of Poore (1979). Top of "lower" N. atlantica (d) Zone of Jansen (). Possibly corresponds to "Tor2" sequence boundary of Hardenbol et al (9.22 Ma) and/or Miller event Mi7. Believed to be a good marker for the Miocene/Pliocene boundary (see ) The rare spot occurrence at mbsf ( mcd) is here assumed to be contamination The juxtaposition of the LO P. mayeri with the FO N. acostaensis has been observed at a number of North Atlantic sites, suggesting a widespread hiatus or diachrony (Ogg and Lugowski 2008). o p q May correspond to the Tor1 maximum transgression of the early Tortonian immediately following the Ser4/Tor1 global sequence boundary of Hardenbol et al (= ) Top of a warm water asemblage in (1998) Hardground + benthic foram. faunal change = strengthening of bottom currents and initiation of NADW (Wei and PaleoAlampay 1997) Page 1 of 102

2 r s t u v w?coincident with Mi6 glaciation of Miller et al. (1991) and Ser4/Tor1 global sequence boundary of Hardenbol et al. (1998) = 11.8 (Ogg and Lugowski, 2008) The two rare spot occurrences of Globorotalia praescitula higher in the core are probably reworked. Incorrectly labelled depth in Flower (1999) Condensed section Misprint in Munsterman and Brinkhuis (2004) where C5r was written as C5Cr. In agreement with Louwye (2005) and based on the overlap of standard zones identified in this member, the bolboformid zonal designation to the B. metzmacheri Zone by Spiegler () is rejected. x De Verteuil and Norris () believed all Upper Miocene occurrences to be reworked. y Reworked according to Williams and Manum (1999) z Synonymy with Diatom sp. 4 of King (1983) according to Mitlehner (1995) æ Steininger et al. (1997) claims an 'approximate' LO at 34 m, however, Zevenboom () finds it throughout the section. ø FO Ectosphaeridium burdigalensis may be delayed in the North Sea (Dybkjaer and Rasmussen 2007). å The genus Homotryblium is known to be largely environmentally controlled (Dybkjær 2004) ab De Verteuil and Norris () believe this record to be reworked. ac FO Ectosphaeropsis burdigalensis may be delayed in the North Sea (Dykjaer and Rasmussen 2007) Key to understanding layout: Hole name shallow bracketing age model point Old published age New calculated age (range) interpolated bioevent deep bracketing age model point Page 2 of 102

3 Age Code a Bioevent or Hiatus b Highlatitude Low lat. Reference Note Region Age Age by Hole Age Range ± Region Previous Age Updated Age Range (This study) Calibration basis Depth Sed. Rate Updat ed Age Ave. Age (orbitally tuned) Ma Ave. or total range Ma Range spread from ave. Ma Mid to highlatitude North Atlantic Highlatitude Northern North Atlantic Nordic Seas & North Sea Arctic N N N subtropical temperate temperate subpolar subpolar polar FO = first occurrence; LO = last occurrence by ODP/DSDP report from GTS 1985/ 95 Ma by ODP/DSDP Hole, from interpolation via ATNTS2004 Ma (Magnetosubchrons, Standard Zone, MIS, or bioevent in ATNTS2004) = interpreted equivalece (not observed directly) (A,B,C etc. Holes indicated by letter prefix) Ave. SR mbsf / (mcd) m/myr linear interpol ation, ATNTS 2004 magnet o chronol ogy Ma ATNTS2004 in Lourens et al Ma + Lourens et al. (2004) See page 1 Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3n.4n/C3r Bleil LO Hystrichosphaeropsis pontiana 5.32 C3r Mudie C3r/C3An.1n Bleil Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) C3n.1n/C3n.1r Bleil "=C3r" Mudie C4r.1n/C4r.2r Bleil Hole 608 (Kings Trough) C2An.1n/C2An.1r Clement and Robinson?6.0 (3.74) 0.40 LO common Bolboforma intermedia ~ 3.6 (Reworked?) C2An.2r (Mammoth) to C2An.3n (Gauss); NN16/NN Mueller 1992 Page 3 of 102

4 C3Ar/C3Bn Clement and Robinson Hole 404 (Bay of Biscay) NN11/NN12 (LO Discoaster quinqueramus) N17 and NN N16/N17;?NN10/ ; 8.29(S. Atl) CN10c/CN11a (as LO Amaurolithus primus); orbitally tuned isotope record ; ( ) 4.50 (E.E.Pa cific); ; Hodell et al LO common Bolboforma intermedia ; 5.89 MIS TG30 in Hilgen et al (189.53) 36.53; ; 5.89 Spiegler 1999 LO Coccolithus miopelagicus; orbitally tuned isotope record ; ( ) ; ; Hodell et al. Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) NN15/NN CN9/CN10 (= NN11/NN12) FO G. margaritae Hole 408 (West Reykjanes Ridge) NN15/NN (S. Atl) NN Müller 1992 Page 4 of 102

5 NN11/NN (S. Atl) Hole 552A (Rockall Plateau) LO Discoaster quinqueramus (S. Atl) (10.29) 0.36 (Subtop?) NN9/10 in Backman (1984) (9.53) LO Paragloborotalia mayeri (E. Med) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) C2r.1r/C2r.1n (for whole Site) Fukuma (1998) FO Neogloboquadrina dutertrei d "=NN12" and Spiegler 1998 d CN9/CN10 (as LO Discoaster quinqueramus) Wei (1998) NN12/NN13 (as FO Ceratolithus rugosus) Hole 646B (Labrador Sea) LO Cristadinium diminutivum ~ lower NN Head et al. a; Knüttel et al. NN11b/NN Hole 987E (Greenland Sea) C3n.4n/C3r 712; 566 (subtracted debris flows) Channell et al LO Cristadinium diminutivum 5.61; (8.94) C3r ; (8.94) Channell et al C3r/C3An.1n 747; 601 (subtracted debris flows) Channell et al Page 5 of 102

6 MD MD FO abundant Thalassiosira spp. (Acme of T. praeoestrupii, T. tetraoestrupii, T. baldaufi with greater than 1 hundred thousand valves per gram dry sediment) FO abundant Thalassiosira spp. (Acme of T. praeoestrupii, T. tetraoestrupii, T. baldaufi with greater than 4 million valves per gram dry sediment) 5.34 ~5.6 Hole 552A (Rockall Plateau) LAD D quinqueramus CN9/CN10; NN11/NN12 LAD D. quinqueramus 5.59 Bleil ~ 5.6 Boden 1992 e Bleil Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3n.4n/C3r Bleil C3r (Gilbert) Boden 1992 C3r/C3An.1n Bleil Hole 607 (Central North Atlantic) C3n.3r/C3n.4n C3n.4n/C3r FO Globorotalia margaritae (extrapolated) (= C3r) (S. Atl.) Hole 981A (Feni Drift) C2r.2r/C2An.1n (3.45) 0.04 FO Globorotalia margaritae (reworked?) 3.31; ; ; (S. Atl.) i) CN10/CN11 (as LO Amaurolithus primus); ii) FO Globorotalia puncticulata i) ; ii) i) 4.5; ii) 4.5 orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hodell et al. (7.48) (Contamination?) (257.28) (S. Atl.) Flower 1999 orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) Hodell et al. Page 6 of 102

7 (9.58) 1.00 (Contamination?) midn16 Zone of Blow ave. = (S. Atl.) Hole 609; 609B (Northeast North Atlantic) C3An.2n/C3Ar; B: C3r/C3An.1n ; B ; B: B: ; ; B ; B: ; B: (S. Atl.) f C3Ar/C3Bn ; B Hole 611 (Gardar Drift) C2r.1n/C2r.2r C2r.2r/C2An.1n (S. Atl.)?4.76; ; (extrapolated) Hole 907A (Iceland Sea) C2Ar/C3n.1n Channell et al. (1999) MD FO Thalassiosira jacksonii C3r (Gilbert) Koc and Scherer () g (as first common occurrence) Channell et al. C3r/C3An.1n (1999) Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3n.4n/C3r Bleil C3r (Gilbert) Boden 1992 g C3r/C3An.1n Bleil Page 7 of 102

8 CN10c/CN11a (as LO Amaurolithus primus); orbitally tuned isotope record ; ( ) 4.50 (E.E.Pa cific); ; Hodell et al. top: 6.11 (= near NN11/NN12; CN9/CN10) ( ) 36.53; ; 6.11 Spiegler 1999 g (TOP) 6.11 (BASE) Upper Miocene Acme smooth Bolboforma cysts LO Coccolthus miopelagicus; orbitally tuned isotope record ; ( ) ; ; Hodell et al. CN10c/CN11a (as LO Amaurolithus primus); orbitally tuned isotope record ; ( ) 4.50 (E.E.Pa cific); ; Hodell et al. base: 6.32 (near NN11c/NN11d; CN9c/CN9d) ( ) 36.53; ; 6.32 Spiegler 1999 g LO Coccolithus miopelagicus; orbitally tuned isotope record ; ( ) ; ; Hodell et al. Hole 907A (Iceland Sea) C3An.1r/C3An.2n Channell et al. (1999) MD FO Thalassiosira oestrupii C3An.2n Koc and Scherer () Channell et al. C3An.2n/C3Ar (1999) Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3r.2r/C3n.3n Bleil Page 8 of 102

9 C3n.4n (upper Thvera) Boden 1992 C3n.4n/C3r Bleil 6.6 HIATUS Upper Miocene Hiatus (calcite nearbarren interval) Ma enhanced dissolution connected to Late Miocene global deltac13 shift at Site 982 (DiesterHaass et al. 2005). Base is possibly coincident with 10.9 (4.5) 0.50 Disappearance Bolboforma clodiusi (Reworked?) C2An.3n/C2Ar C3Ar/C3Bn Hole 608 (Kings Trough) Clement and Robinson Mueller 1992 Clement and Robinson orbitally tuned isotope record ( ) ; Hodell et al near NN7/NN8 LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (390.18) (397.44) Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) Spiegler i) Middle to lower N16 Zone of Blow 1969; ii) upper NN9 of Martini i) ave. = 9.575; ii) ii) Spiegler 1999; i) Loughton et al Hole 552A (Rockall Plateau) LO Discoaster tamalis 2.80 Backman 1984?6.7 (3.43) 0.20 Disappearance Bolboforma clodiusi (Reworked?) near NN15/NN16 (3.7) Murray 1984 LO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica Hole 555 (Rockall Plateau) 3.70 Backman 1984 Page 9 of 102

10 NN18/NN19 (as LO Discoaster brouweri) Backman 1984 (3.79) 1.10 (Reworked?) near NN11/NN12 (5.59) (Subtop) Murray NN11/NN12 (as LO Discoaster quinqueramus) NN11/NN12 (as LO Discoaster quinqueramus) Hole 554; 554A (Rockall Plateau)?near CN9a/CN9b (= midnn11) (5.35) Backman 1984 Backman Murray 1984 FO common D. surculus (as FO D. surculus)* (Berggr en et al. 1995) Backman (4.6) LO Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) group (Reworked?) ~4.6 Hole 606A (Central North Atlantic) C3n.2n/C3n.2r (as LO Globorotalia conomiozea) ~4.6 Hole 609, 609B (Northeast North Atlantic) C3An.1r/C3An.2n ; B: (E. Med) Clement and Robinson Weaver and Clement h Clement and Robinson = C3An.2n (as LO Globorotalia conoidea and LO Globorotalia conomiozea) ; B: ~6.5 Hole 610A (Feni Drift) 6.52 (E. Med) Weaver and Clement h Page 10 of 102

11 C3n.1r/C3n.2n Clement and Robinson (4.6) 6.77 LO Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) group (Reworked?) C3n.2n (as LO Globorotalia conomiozea) C3An.2n/C3Ar C3Ar (as LO Globorotalia conomiozea) C3n.2n/C3n.2r Hole 611C (Gardar Drift) C3Ar/C3Bn Hole 982A (Rockall Plateau) orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record 6.52 (E. Med) 6.52 (E. Med) Weaver and Clement h Clement and Robinson Clement and Robinson Weaver and Clement h Clement and Robinson Hodell et al (as LO Globorotalia conomiozea) (251.10) (E. Med) Flower ; 7.47 orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record i) as LO Globorotalia conoidea; ii) as LO Globorotalia conomiozea (243.47); (255.78) 7.15; 7.47 orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) 6.52 (E. Med) Hodell et al. Hodell et al. Flower 1999 Hodell et al. Page 11 of 102

12 NN11 (CN9) nannofossil zone and probably N16 planktonic foram. zone (as LO (consistent) Globorotalia conoidea and LO Globorotalia conomiozea) (218.00) ave. = (E. Med) Poore and Berggren 1975; Perch Nielsen 1972 Hole 646B (Labrador Sea) C2An.3n/C2Ar Clement et al LO Cristadinium cristatoserratum C4n.1r/C4n.2n Head et al. a Clement et al.? Neogloboquadrina atlantica dex sin coiling change (= Disappearance Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral); FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (sinistral)); Increase in N. pachyderma (s) and decrease in N. pachyderma (d) i) ; ii) (extrapolated) i) ; ii) Hole 609 (Northeast North Atlantic) LO Discoaster quinqueramus C3An.1r/C3An.2n i) N. atlantica ds; ii) Increase N. pachyderma (s) i) ; ii) i) 8.31 ; ii) 8.72 Baldauf et al. Clement and Robinson i) Weaver and Clement ; ii) Hooper and Weaver i Neogloboquadrina atlantica dex sin coiling change (= Disappearance Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral); FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (sinistral)); Influx Orbulina universa C3Br.1n/C3Br.2r C3Br.2r C3Br.2r/C3Br.2n Hole 610E (Feni Drift) Hole 611C (Gardar Drift) Clement and Robinson Weaver and Clement Clement and Robinson Page 12 of 102

13 C3Br.1n/C3Br.2r C3Br.2n/C3Br.3r Clement and Robinson Clement and Robinson (8.64) (extrapolated) Weaver and Clement orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record (257.28) (258.78) orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) strontium 87Sr/86Sr ratio: Hodell et al Flower 1999 Hodell et al. Israelson and McArthur et al (Delayed?) near CN9/CN10 nannofossil boundary CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus Hole 646B (Labrador Sea) C4r.2r/C4An C4An/C4Ar.1r Wei 1998 Baldauf et al. Clement et al. (9.55) (Extrapolated) Aksu and Kaminski j Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3An.2n/C3Ar Bleil Page 13 of 102

14 Neogloboquadrina atlantica dex sin coiling change (= Disappearance Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral); FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (sinistral)); Influx Orbulina universa; Increase in Globigerina bulloides age assumption in Spiegler and Jansen (both events are separated by a barren interval, therefore coiling change datum level may be dissolved away) (s) (d) 7.28 Jansen C5AAn/C5AAr Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3An.1r/C3An.2n Bleil Bleil age assumption in Spiegler and Jansen (both events separated by a barren interval, therefore coiling change datum level may be dissolved away) (s) (d) 7.07 Jansen C3Bn/C3Br.1r Bleil Hole 606 (Central North Atlantic) C2An.3n/C2Ar Clement and Robinson?4.6 (4.11) FO Globorotalia cf. crassula (Above base?) 4.11 C2Ar Weaver and Clement h C2Ar/C3n.1n C2An.3n/C2Ar Hole 607 (Central North Atlantic) Clement and Robinson Clement and Robinson (4.16) 0.01 (Above base?) C2Ar Weaver and Clement h C2Ar/C3n.1n Hole 609 (Northeast North Atlantic) Clement and Robinson Page 14 of 102

15 C3n.1r/C3n.2n Clement and Robinson (4.56) (Above base?) 4.56 C3n.2n Weaver and Clement h C3n.2n/C3n.2r C3n.2r/C3n.3n Hole 610A (Feni Drift) Clement and Robinson Clement and Robinson 7.6 (> 4.8) FO Globorotalia cf. crassula (Above base?) > (base hole!) > 4.8 Hole 611C (Gardar Drift) C2An.2n/C2An.2r Weaver and Clement h Clement and Robinson (3.59) 0.01 (Above base?) Weaver and Clement h C3n.1r/C3n.2n orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record orbitally tuned isotope record (260.28) ( ) Clement and Robinson Hodell et al Flower 1999 Hodell et al. Hole 609 (Northeast North Atlantic) C3r/C3An.1n C3An.2n/C3Ar Page 15 of 102

16 ?8.0 (7.98) 0.02 FO Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) group (extrapolated) (as FO G. conomiozea) Hole 610E (Feni Drift) C4n.1n/C4n.1r (E. Med.) Weaver and Clement h FO Globorotalia miotumida (conomiozea) group 7.66 C4n.1r (as FO G. conomiozea) (E. Med.) Weaver and Clement h C4n.1r/C4n.2n Hole 611C (Gardar Drift) C3Br.1n/C3Br.2r C3Br.2r (as FO G. conomiozea) (E. Med.) Weaver and Clement h C3Br.2r/C3Br.2n orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hodell et al (as FO G. conomiozea) (263.54) (E. Med.) Flower 1999 orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) Hodell et al. (~10.6) (Contamination?) ?lower N16 of Blow 1969 (as FO (consistent) Globorotalia conoidea and FO Globorotalia conomiozea) ~ (E. Med.) Poore and Berggren 1975; Loughton et al Mazzapiedi Section (NW Italy) Page 16 of 102

17 7.7; 9 ~9 LO Labyrinthodinium truncatum ~ 9 lower C4An? Zevenboom 1995 (according to Munsterman and Brinkhuis 2004) Hole 905A (U.S. East Coast Atlantic) NN11a/NN11b subzonal boundary of Martini 1971 (as FO Amaurolithus spp. with FO A. delicatus) Gartner and Shyu may be approximately equivalent to top C4n (7.528) according to Verteuil and Norris de Verteuil and Norris ; de Verteuil LO Minylitha convalis Gartner and Shyu Hole 555 (Rockall Plateau) approximately at NN10/NN11 as FO Discoaster quinqueramus Backman 1984; Berggren et al LO Labyrinthodinium truncatum (148.43) Edwards 1984 NN6/NN7 as LO Cyclicargolithus abisectus (C. floridanus group) Backman 1984 Hole 645E (Baffin Bay) (592.20) Head et al. b Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) Page 17 of 102

18 C3An.2n/C3Ar Bleil 7.7; LO Labyrinthodinium truncatum Mudie C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) C4An/C4Ar.1r Bleil C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil Onshore Netherlands boreholes (Southern North Sea) 7.72 ~ 7.4 according to Munsterman and Brinkhuis 2004? 7.72 Within the "Tor3 Sequence" of Munsterman and Brinkhuis (? possibly coincides with the Tor 2 maximum flooding surface of Hardenbol et al. 1998) Breda Formation 7.72 (Tor 2 mfs accordi ng to Ogg and Lugow ski 2008) Munsterman and Brinkhuis 2004; Ogg and Lugowski 2008 Gram borehole, Gram (Onshore Denmark, North Sea Basin) uppermost Hodde Formation 29.0 m below surface Piasecki 1980 Hole 905A (U.S. East Coast Atlantic) NN11a/NN11b subzonal boundary of Martini 1971 (as FO Amaurolithus spp. with FO A. delicatus) Gartner and Shyu Page 18 of 102

19 LO Hystrichosphaerop sis obscura may be approximately equivalent to top C4n (7.528) according to Verteuil and Norris () (Same level as LO L. truncatum) de Verteuil and Norris ; de Verteuil LO Minylitha convalis (Louren s et al. 2004) Gartner and Shyu Hole 555 (Rockall Plateau) NN11/NN12 (as LO Discoaster quinqueramus) 5.58 Backman LO Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura NN11 (72.02) Edwards 1984 approximately at NN10/NN11 as FO Discoaster quinqueramus Backman 1984; Berggren et al Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3n.3n/C3n.3r Bleil (5.10) 0.08 LO Hystrichosphaeropsis obscura Reworked? (65.00) l C3n.4n/C3r Bleil Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) C4r.1n/C4r.2r Bleil Mudie C4Ar.1r/C4Ar.1n Bleil Hole 905A (U.S. East Coast Atlantic) Page 19 of 102

20 NN11a/NN11b subzonal boundary of Martini 1971 (as FO Amaurolithus spp. with FO A. delicatus) Gartner and Shyu LO Spiniferites pseudofurcatus may be approximately equivalent to top C4n (7.528) according to Verteuil and Norris () (Same level as LO L. truncatum) de Verteuil and Norris ; de Verteuil LO Minylitha convalis Gartner and Shyu orbitally tuned isotope record ( ) Hodell et al LO (?Disappearance) Globorotalia juanai; Disappearance Globorotalia scitula; Influx Globorotalia conoidea; FO frequent Globigerinita glutinata (268.28) (270.07) 7.91 Flower 1999 orbitally tuned isotope record ( ) Hodell et al Base acme dominant Globigerina bulloides; Influx Sphaeroidinellopsis kochi; Influx Globigerina eamesi 8.42 orbitally tuned isotope record orbitally tuned isotope record ( ) (277.06) ( ) Hodell et al Flower 1999 Hodell et al. Metochia Section, Gavdos Island (Mediterranean) Page 20 of 102

21 FO Bolboforma intermedia ~ 7.8 At a level just above the FO regular/common Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina and below the LO regular/ common S. seminulina ~ 75 from base of section > 7.72 and < 7.92 Antonarakou and Drinia Hilgen et al Hole 608 (Kings Trough) LO Discoaster hamatus; LO D. quinqueramus i) ; ii) i) 9.69 ; ii) ; ; ; lower NN11 or?nn ; 9.23 Spieglerand Müller (1992) FO Discoaster hamatus FO Bolboforma intermedia orbitally tuned isotope record ( ) Hodell et al (282.68) orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) 8.77 Spiegler 1999 Hodell et al ?lower NN in Louren s et al Spieglerand Müller (1992) Hole 608 (Kings Trough) LO Discoaster hamatus Baldauf et al. Page 21 of 102

22 ; 9.76 ; 0.06 LO (consistent) Bolboforma metzmacheri; Decrease Bolbofoma laevis 9.5; i) recalibrated isotope record; ii) Equivalent to LO Discoaster hamatus (as LO common B. laevis to LO (consistent) B. metzmacheri and FO B. intermedia) i) 9.5; ii) 9.76 Mueller This study h FO Discoaster hamatus Hole 408 (West Reykjanes Ridge) Baldauf et al LO (consistent) Bolboforma metzmacheri; Decrease Bolbofoma laevis NN11 (As LO (consistent) B. metzmacheri; Decrease B. laevis) in Louren s et al (5.94) (Reworked?) Hole 555 (Rockall Plateau) NN11/NN12 (as LO Discoaster quinqueramus) 5.58 NN approximately NN9 10/NN11 (as FO Discoaster quinqueramus) Hole 552A (Rockall Plateau) C2An.3n/C2Ar NN9 NN10 ( ) Backman 1984 Backman 1984, Berggren et al Backman 1984, Murray NN78/NN orbitally tuned isotope record ( ) Hodell et al. Page 22 of 102

23 8.77 ~ (282.68) orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) ?upper NN9 ~ strontium isotope ratio: ; Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Spiegler ( ; 6.99 (ave. = 6.735) Hodell et al. Israelson and McArthur et al CN9CN7 (As LO (consistent) Bolboforma metzmacheri + LO Bolbofoma laevis) Mueller 1992 strontium isotope ratio: ; Hole 646B (Labrador Sea) C4An/C4Ar.1r ; 8.48 (ave. = 9.00) Israelson and McArthur et al. ~9.1 ~ 9.1 (As spot occurrence only) ~9.1 Pallant and Kaminski 8.7 LO (consistent) Bolboforma metzmacheri; Decrease Bolbofoma laevis Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3An.2n/C3Ar Bleil (8.10) 0.05 (Underlies barren interval subtop?) Qvale and Spiegler C5AAn/C5AAr Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3Bn/C3Br.1r Bleil Bleil Page 23 of 102

24 (7.75) (Underlies barren interval subtop?) (Underlies barren interval subtop?) ; As isolated occurrence only C5AAn/C5AAr Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) i) C4n.1r/C4n.2n; ii) C4r.1n/C4r.2r i) As LO B. metzmacheri; ii) C4r.2r (As LO (consistent) B. metzmacheri) i) C4r.1n/C4r.2r; ii) C4r.2r/C4An i) ; ii) i) 72.2; ii) ~82 i) ; ii) Qvale and Spiegler Bleil i) 7.695; ii) i) 7.81; ii) 8.69 i) 8.300; ii) Bleil Qvale and Spiegler Bleil NW Italy LO Palaeocystodinium golzowense ~ 8.7 according to Munsterman and Brinkhuis C4An? (ave. = 8.93) Zevenboom 1995 (according to Munsterman and Brinkhuis 2004) PontPourquey Outcrop, Burdigalian type area (France) (19.5) 0.3 (Subtop) ~19.5 ( ) (i) N5(?N6); (ii) NN2; (iii) Srisotopes 2.7 m from base section in Londeix and Jan du Chene 1998 (i)(17.5 4) ; (ii) ; (iii) (i) Poignant and Pujol 1978; (ii) Mueller and Pujol 1979; (iii) Cahuzac et al Hole 400A (Bay of Biscay) Page 24 of 102

25 (342.16) Harland 1979 Hole 905A (U.S. East Coast Atlantic) NN11a/NN11b subzonal boundary of Martini 1971 (as FO Amaurolithus spp. with FO A. delicatus) Gartner and Shyu LO Minylitha convalis Gartner and Shyu 8.92 (Extrapolated) 8.92 near calcareous nannofossil zonal boundary NN10/NN11 (8.29) of Martini de Verteuil and Norris ; de Verteuil ; 1994d LO Palaeocystodinium golzowense Hole 555 (Rockall Plateau) NN11/NN12 (as LO Discoaster quinqueramus) approximately NN9 10/NN11 (as FO Discoaster quinqueramus) Hole 645E (Baffin Bay) 5.58 Backman Edwards Backman 1984, Berggren et al (625.90) Head et al. b LO Palaeocystodinium golzowense Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) C4Ar.1n/C4Ar.2r Bleil Page 25 of 102

26 C5ADn/C5ADr Bleil Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) i) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: ; ii) CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus i) ; ii) i) 9.08; ii) 5.58 i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al HIATUS Upper Miocene calcareous hiatus (calcite nearbarren interval) ? i) ; ii) ( ) 1998 k i) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: ; ii) CN6/CN7 i) ; ii) i) 9.52; ii) Wei 1998 orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hodell et al (286)(308.34) Flower This study LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hodell et al LO consistently common Neogloboquadrina acostaensis and N. atlantica (dextral) (= Top first/lowermost acme N. acostaensis) (308.34) 9.35 Flower 1999 LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3Bn/C3Br.1r Bleil Page 26 of 102

27 LO consistently common Neogloboquadrina acostaensis ~ Jansen C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hodell et al FO (consistent) Globorotalia juanai (314.20) (S.Atl.) Flower 1999 m LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) i) CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: i) ; ii) i) 5.58 ; ii) 9.52 i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al FO Neogloboquadrina humerosa ; i) 8.88; ii) CN6/CN Wei Disappearance Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (dextral) (= top of 'Miocene N. pachyderma (d) Acme') 9.86 orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (335.74) (397.44) Hodell et al Flower Hole 608 (Kings Trough) LO Discoaster hamatus Baldauf et al. Page 27 of 102

28 ; 9.97 ; 0.06 FO Bolboforma metzmacheri; Increase in Bolbofoma laevis 9.7; i) recalibrated oxygen isotope chronology (this study); 2)?upper NN9 ( ) i) 9.7; 2) 9.97 Mueller 1992 FO Discoaster hamatus Baldauf et al. orbitally tuned isotope record ( ) Hodell et al. 9.8; FO Bolboforma metzmacheri; Increase in Bolbofoma laevis ( ) Spiegler 1999 LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) ~ 10?mid NN in Louren s et al Mueller 1992 Hole 408 (West Reykjanes Ridge) ~ 9.5 NN10/NN in Louren s et al Mueller 1992 Hole 555 (Rockall Plateau) approximately NN9 10/NN11 (as FO Discoaster quinqueramus) Backman 1984, Berggren et al ?mid NN Mueller 1992 Page 28 of 102

29 NN6/NN7 (as LO Cyclicargolithus abisectus (C. floridanus grp.)) i) CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus; ii) strontium isotope ratio: Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) i) ; ii) i) 5.58 ; ii) 9.52 Backman Wei 1998; Israelson and McArthur et al ; CN9 CN CN6/CN Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3An.2n/C3Ar ; Wei Bleil 8.9 > FO Bolboforma metzmacheri; Increase in Bolbofoma laevis (Overlies barren interval = above base?) Qvale and Spiegler C5AAn/C5AAr Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3Bn/C3Br.1r Bleil Bleil > (Overlies barren interval = above base?) Qvale and Spiegler C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) C4r.2r/C4An Bleil Qvale and Spiegler C4An/C4Ar.1r Bleil Hole 608 (Kings Trough) Page 29 of 102

30 LO Discoaster hamatus Baldauf et al LO Bolboforma capsula ?upper NN Mueller 1992 FO Discoaster hamatus orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Baldauf et al. Hodell et al LO Bolboforma capsula ( ) Spiegler 1999 LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) ?mid NN ave. = Hole 408 (West Reykjanes Ridge) NN9 (As spot occurrence only) ave. = LO Discoaster hamatus Hole 608 (Kings Trough) Baldauf et al LO Bolboforma robusta ?mid NN Mueller LO Bolboforma robusta FO Discoaster hamatus orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record (369.38) Baldauf et al. Hodell et al Spiegler 1999 LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) Page 30 of 102

31 ?lower NN9 (As spot occurrence in Spiegler 1999 restudy) ~ 10.5 Mueller 1992 orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hodell et al FO Neogloboquadrina acostaensis; Reappearance common N. continuosa (as both the FO and the consistently common FO of N. acostaensis) (341.98) (343.62) (S.Atl.) (E.Med.) Flower 1999 n LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) i) CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios: , , i) ; ii) i) 5.58 ; ii) 10.24,1 0.50, 9.78 (ave ) i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al ; ; 0.01 Above base according to (1998), true FO absent due to hiatus ; ; (S.Atl.) (E.Med.) 1998 Page 31 of 102

32 i) CN6/CN7; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios: , i) ; ii) i) ; ii) 12.22, (ave ) i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al. Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3An.2n/C3Ar Bleil < 11 <11.42 FO Neogloboquadrina acostaensis; Reappearance common N. continuosa <10.2 in Jansen ( ) (S.Atl.) (E.Med.) Jansen C5AAn/C5AAr Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3Bn/C3Br.1r Bleil Bleil < <10.2 in Jansen ( ) (S.Atl.) (E.Med.) Jansen C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) Page 32 of 102

33 HIATUS Middle/Late Miocene hiatus The absence of standard nannoplankton zone NN8 Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Spiegler 1999 o ) Absence of standard planktonic foraminiferal Zone N15 of Blow (1969) or M12 of Berggren et al. (1985,1995) ) 1998; 2) Ogg and Lugowski 2008 n orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hodell et al. > 10.8 > LO Paragloborotalia mayeri; FO (consistent) Globigerinita glutinata 9.46 in Flower 1999 Hiatus causes artificially young interpolation (10.08) (347.08) (S. Atl.) ; (E. Med.) Flower 1999; 1) Berggren et al Ogg and Lugowski 2008; 2) Lourens et al. 2004; 3) Ogg and Lugowski 2008 n LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) CN6/CN Wei 1998 Page 33 of 102

34 (> 10.79) Hiatus causes artificially young interpolation ( ) (as LO Paragloborotalia siakensis?) (S. Atl.) ; (E. Med.) 1998 p nannofossil LO Sphenolithus Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3An.2n/C3Ar Wei Bleil > 11.3 > LO Paragloborotalia mayeri >10.2 in Jansen Hiatus causes artificially young interpolation ( ) (as Neogloboquadrina mayeri) (S. Atl.) ; (E. Med.) Jansen C5AAn/C5AAr Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3Bn/C3Br.1r Bleil Bleil > >10.2 in Jansen Hiatus causes artificially young interpolation ( ) (as Neogloboquadrina mayeri) (S. Atl.) ; (E. Med.) Jansen Page 34 of 102

35 C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record Hodell et al.? 11.5 > FO Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (dextral) (= base of 'Miocene N. pachyderma (d) Acme'); Influx abundant Streptochilus globigerum (Hiatus causes artificially young interpolation) (as FO abundant to dominant N. pachyderma (d)) (392.87) (420.47) Flower 1999 LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Wei FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral) (= FO N. atlantica) 9.6 in (1998) "=NN9" CN6/CN orbitally tuned isotope record LO Coccolithus miopelagicus ( ) (374.38) (353.91) (397.44) Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3An.2n/C3Ar Wei 1998 Hodell et al Flower Bleil 8.9; FO Neogloboquadrina atlantica (dextral) (= FO N. atlantica) Jansen C5AAn/C5AAr Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) Bleil Page 35 of 102

36 C3Bn/C3Br.1r Bleil Jansen C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) C4r.2r/C4An Bleil C4An Jansen C4An/C4Ar.1r Bleil LO Discoaster hamatus Hole 608 (Kings Trough) Baldauf et al FO Bolboforma capsula ?lower NN Mueller FO Bolboforma capsula FO Discoaster hamatus orbitally tuned ( ) isotope record (388.68) Baldauf et al. Hodell et al Spiegler 1999 LO Coccolithus miopelagicus (397.44) Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) ?lower NN ~ 10.5 Mueller Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus near CN6/CN7 boundary (As spot occurrence only) LO Coccolithus miopelagicus Wei 1998 and Spiegler 1998 Wei 1998 Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Page 36 of 102

37 FO Neogloboquadrina praehumerosa FO Neogloboquadrina praehumerosa 9.6 in (1998) CN9/CN10 as LO D. quinqueramus "=CN7 (NN9) CN6/CN Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3An.2n/C3Ar ?"=C5r.2r" ~ C5AAn/C5AAr Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3Bn/C3Br.1r Wei Wei Bleil Jansen Bleil Bleil same level as LO P. mayeri Jansen C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) CN6/CN Wei Influx Globigerinoides trilobus; Influx Sphaeroidinellopsis disjuncta; LO Globorotalia miozea; Influx Globigerinoides quadrilobatus; Influx Globigerinoides immaturus; Influx Dentoglobigerina spp.; Influx "Globigerina" venezuelana; Influx Globorotalia scitula; Reappearance Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral); Influx Orbulina universa NN h nannofossil LO Sphenolithus Wei 1998 Page 37 of 102

38 LO Globigerinoides trilobus; LO Globigerinoides quadrilobatus; LO Catapsydrax stainforthi; Influx Dentoglobigerina spp.; Influx Orbulina universa; FO consistently common Globigerina bulloides (= Base acme G LO Coccolithus miopelagicus LO Sphenolithus (397.44) (478.96) (488.26) (492.04) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Flower i) nannofossil LO Sphenolithus ; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: i) ; ii) i) ; ii) i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al ; (12.22) 0.02; 0.08 LO (consistent) Globigerinoides trilobus i) ; ii) ( ) Calcareous nannoplankton Zone NN5 of Martini (1971) i) 14.05; ii) i) nannofossil FO Sphenolithus ; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios: i) ; i) ; ii) i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al Influx Globigerinoides trilobus LO Sphenolithus FO Sphenolithus (492.04) (548.91) (586.27) Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) Flower Page 38 of 102

39 i) C5Br/C5Cn.1n; ii) Rb/Sr isotope ratios: ; iii) Sr/Sr isotope ratio: i) ; ii) 196.7; iii) i) ; ii) ; iii) i) Bleil ; ii) Smalley et al. ; iii) Smalley et al. + McArthur et al ; (16.71) 0.01; Influx Globigerinoides trilobus (Subtop) ; C5Cn.1n (as spot occurrence only) ; Jansen C5Cn.3n/C5Cr Bleil Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) HIATUS Mid/Late Miocene (near)barren interval 1) As glauconitic hardground, significant biosiliceous decrease and uphole decrease in tephra; 2) dissolution interval 1) 644; 2) (stronti um isotope 87Sr/8 6Sr ratios) Wei and Paleo Alampay 1997; 1998; Israelson and 1998 q C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil (?to base Miocene on Vøring Pl.) HIATUS Mid/Late Miocene (near)barren interval Qvale and Spiegler Page 39 of 102

40 C5AAn/C5AAr Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3Bn/C3Br.1r Bleil Bleil C5AAn/C5AAr Qvale and Spiegler Bleil Acme Neogloboquadrina group (excl. N. continuosa); LO (consistent) Globorotalia conoidea; Influx common Turborotalita quinqueloba; Paracme Globigerina bulloides; Disappearance Paragoborotalia mayeri LO Coccolithus miopelagicus NN6 LO Sphenolithus (397.44) (443.31) (459.23) (492.04) Flower 1999 r LO Sphenolithus (492.04) Top acme Globigerina praebulloides; "LO" Praeorbulina glomerosa; "LO" Globoquadrina dehiscens; Influx common Globorotalia miozea; LO Globigerinoides trilobus NN (499.55) (502.48) Flower 1999; 1) Berggren et al. 1995, according to Ogg and Lugowski 2008 FO Sphenolithus (586.27) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) CN6/CN Wei 1998 Page 40 of 102

41 ? (11.73) 0.09 LO Globorotalia praescitula; "LO" Globoquadrina dehiscens; Influx Globorotalia miozea; Reappearance Turborotalita quinqueloba; Influx Neogloboquadrina continuosa Reworked? ( ) (S. Atl.) 1998 nannofossil LO Sphenolithus Wei 1998 LO Sphenolithus (492.04) LO (consistent) Globorotalia praescitula; Reappearance Turborotalita quinqueloba; FO common Globigerina bulloides; FO Orbulina universa; FO Globorotalia scitula; FO Globorotalia conoidea NN (506.98) (509.26) (S. Atl.) Flower 1999 s FO Sphenolithus (586.27) Hole 116 (Rockall Plateau) LO (consistent) Globorotalia ex. gr. praescitulazealandica (Subtop?) ~ 13.5 Approximates NN5/NN6 zonal boundary of Martini Coincident with LO Globorotalia peripheroronda. (As LO Globorotalia aff. zealandica, LO Globorotalia praescitula s.s) (?470) (S. Atl.) Poore and Berggren 1975; Perch Nielsen 1972 nannofossil LO Sphenolithus Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) Wei 1998 Page 41 of 102

42 LO (consistent) Globorotalia ex. gr. praescitulazealandica; "FO" Praeorbulina glomerosa; FO Globorotalia scitula; Disappearance Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) NN5, near N8/N (S. Atl.) 1998 nannofossil FO Sphenolithus Wei 1998 Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) CN6/CN Wei 1998? Reappearance (consistent) G. praebulloides (=Top paracme Globigerina praebulloides); Reappearance G. ex gr. praescitulazealndica NN h nannofossil LO Sphenolithus Wei 1998 LO Sphenolithus (492.04) FO Globigerina bulloides; FO Orbulina suturalis in Flower NN (516.48) (517.98) * Flower 1999; * (Berggren et al. 1995, according to Ogg and Lugowski 2008) FO Sphenolithus (586.27) LO Sphenolithus (492.04) Page 42 of 102

43 Influx common Sphaeroidinellopsis disjuncta, LO Globorotalia zealandica; FO Praeorbulina glomerosa midnn (551.94) (554.88) (S. Atl.) Flower LO (sporadic) Sphaeroidinellopsis disjuncta; LO Globigerinoides trilobus; LO Globorotalia miozea; Influx Globigerinoides quadrilobatus; FO Sphenolithus (586.27) Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) CN6/CN (as spot occurrence only) nannofossil LO Sphenolithus Wei Wei 1998 orbitally tuned isotope record Hodell et al.?15.2 (5.27) 0.01 FO Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral); LO Globoturborotalita woodi (Above base?) Flower 1999 t FO Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral); LO (consistent) Globigerinoides trilobus; LO Globoturborotalita (consistent) woodi; LO (consistent) "Globigerina" venezuelana; LO Globigerinoides bisphericus FO Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) orbitally tuned isotope record Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) nannofossil LO Sphenolithus CN2/CN3 as FO Sphenolithus (703.61) (763.20) Hodell et al. Wei Wei 1998 Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) C4r.2r/C4An Bleil C4An Jansen C4An/C4Ar.1r Bleil Page 43 of 102

44 Hole 642C (Vøring Plateau) C3Bn/C3Br.1r (as a spot rare occurrence only) C5AAn/C5AAr ~ Bleil Jansen Bleil 17.0 Disappearance common Neogloboquadrina continuosa, G. ex gr. praescitulazealandica, P. mayeri (Top MMCO fauna) 17.0 LO Sphenolithus (as rare occurrence) FO Sphenolithus (492.04) (590.81) (586.27) Flower Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) i) nannofossil LO Sphenolithus ; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: i) ; ii) i) ; ii) i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al. 16.8; LO Paragloborotalia nana; LO (consistent) Globigerinella obesa; LO (consistent) Paragloborotalia acrostoma; Influx Globoturborotalita drury; LO (consistent) Globoturborotalita connecta; LO (consistent) ; NN4 i) CN2/CN3 as FO Sphenolithus ; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: and i) ; ii) i) 17.20; ii) i) ; ii) i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al. Hole 643A (Vøring Plateau) C5Bn.1r/C5Bn.2n Bleil Page 44 of 102

45 15.2 (15.15) Influx Paragloborotalia nana Neogloboquadrina continuosa transition C5Bn.2n (as Neogloboquadrina nanacontinuosa transition) Jansen C5Bn.2n/C5Br Bleil Hole 918D (Irminger Basin) i) nannofossil LO Sphenolithus ; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: i) ; ii) i) ; ii) i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al Influx Globorotalia peripheroronda; FO Globigerina falconensis; Influx Sphaeroidinellopsis disjuncta; Influx Praeorbulina transitoria; Influx Globigerinoides bisphericus; Reappearance ; NN4 (as spot occurrence of G. peripheroronda) i) CN2/CN3 as FO Sphenolithus ; ii) strontium 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio: and i) ; ii) i) 17.48; ii) i) ; ii) i) Wei 1998; ii) Israelson and McArthur et al. (11.76) 0.04 LO?Globorotalia aff. peripheroronda Hole 642B (Vøring Plateau) C3An.2n/C3Ar "=C5r.3r" (as spot occurrence of "Neogloboquadrina sp. aff. peripheroronda") C5AAn/C5AAr Bleil Jansen Bleil LO Sphenolithus (492.04) Page 45 of 102