Announcement. HW4 has been assigned. Finger Print Recognition using Minutiae. Biometrics CSE 190 Lecture 16. CSE190, Winter CSE190, Winter 2011
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1 Announcement HW4 has been assigned Finger Print Recognition using Minutiae Biometrics CSE 190 Lecture 16 1
2 Fingerprints Biological Principles of Fingerprints Individual epidermal ridges and valleys have different characteristics for different fingerprints Configurations and minute details of individual ridges and valleys are permanent and unchanging (except for enlargement in the course of bodily growth) Description: graphical flow like ridges present in human fingers Formation: during embryonic development Configuration types are individually variable, but they vary within limits which allow for systematic classification Permanence: minute details do not change over time Uniqueness: believed to be unique to each finger History: used in forensics and has been extensively studied History of Fingerprints Fingerprint on Palestinian lamp (400 A.D.) Bewick s trademark (1809) A Chinese deed of sale (1839) signed with a fingerprint History of Fingerprints Many impressions of fingers have been found on ancient pottery Grew (1684): first scientific paper on ridges, valleys & pore structures Mayer (1788): detailed description of anatomical formation of fingerprints Bewick (1809): used his fingerprint as his trademark Purkinje (1823): classified fingerprints into 9 categories based on ridges Herschel (1858): used fingerprints on legal contracts in Bengal Fauld (1880): suggested "scientific identification of criminals" using fingerprints Vucetich (1888): first known user of dactylograms (inked fingerprints) Scotland Yard (1900): adopted Henry/Galton system of classification FBI (1924) set up a fingerprint identification division with a database of 810,000 fingerprints FBI (1965): installed AFIS with a database of 810,000 fingerprints FBI (2000): installed IAFIS with a database of 47 million 10 prints; conducts an average of 50,000 searches/ day; ~15% of searches are in lights out mode. Response time: 2 hours for criminal search and 24 hours for civilian search Fingerprint Matching Find the similarity between two fingerprints Fingerprints from the same finger Fingerprints from two different fingers 2
3 Fingerprint Sensors Optical, capacitive, ultrasound, pressure, thermal, electric field Fingerprint Classification Assign fingerprints into one of pre-specified types Plain Arch Tented Arch Right Loop Left Loop Accidental Pocket Whorl Plain Whorl Double Loop Terminology Fingerprint Impression of a finger Minutiae Ridge bifurcations,endings and many other features (52 types listed, 7 are usually used by human experts and two by automated systems) Core uppermost point on the innermost ridge Delta separating point between pattern area and non-pattern area Feature Levels Level 1: pattern Level 2: minutiae points Level 3: pores and ridge shape 3
4 Orientation Field Flow Curves Classification Using Orientation Field Flow Curves Orientation Field Flow Curves Study the topology of the curves formed by ridges OFFC is a curve inside a fingerprint image whose tangent direction is parallel to the direction of the orientation field Estimate Orientation Field Input Fingerprint A, L, R, or W Classify fingerprint Generate OFFCs Isometric maps and features Fingerprint Representation Starting points of OFFCs are chosen along the vertical and horizontal lines passing through the midsection of the image Left loop Minutiae-based Representation Local ridge characteristics (minutiae): ridge ending and ridge bifurcation Singular points: Discontinuity in ridge orientation Core Delta Ridge Bifurcation Ridge Ending 4
5 Steps in Minutiae Extraction Minutiae Extraction Algorithm Orientation field estimation Fingerprint area location Ridge extraction Thinning Minutia extraction Minutiae Type Detection Minutiae Correspondences A ridge pixel is a ridge ending, if the number of ridge pixels in the 8-neighborhood is 1 A ridge pixel is a ridge bifurcation, if the number of ridge pixels in the 8-neighborhood is greater than or equal to 3 A ridge pixel is a intermediate ridge pixel, if the number of ridge pixels in the 8-neighborhood is 2 [x, y, θ, associated ridge] are stored for each minutia 5
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Objectives. You will understand: Fingerprints Fingerprints
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Objectives. You will understand: Fingerprints Fingerprints
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