AP HUMAN GEO EWALD/ABREY UNIT 1. An Introduction.

Transcription

1 AP HUMAN GEO EWALD/ABREY UNIT 1 An Introduction.

2 AP Human Geography Introductory Activity Using the Good's Atlas, label the following on the map I have given you. This will go in your notebook as a left page. This is the only time this year we will do a map activity such as this. If you can develop some familiarity at the beginning of the year of where these places are, you will have an easier time throughout the year as we study these locales. Label the following countries: United States, Canada, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Chile, Bolivia, Brazil, Portugal, Spain, France, England, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Poland, Greece, Hungary, Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Russia, Ukraine, Turkey, South Africa, Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Dem Rep of Congo, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Egypt, Syria, Lebanon, Pakistan, Afghanistan. India, China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, North Korea, South Korea, Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand Label the 4 oceans: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic Label the following dessert: in brown Sahara Label the following mountain ranges: Draw upside down triangles in red to symbolize the mountain ranges. Rocky, Appalachian, Andes, Alps, Himalaya Label the following rivers: Draw in a blue line to represent it. Nile, Amazon, Colorado, Mississippi, Tigris, Euphrates, Rio Grande Label the following bodies of water: Gulf of Mexico, Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf, Caribbean Sea, Arabian Sea Draw the equator in green Draw the prime meridian in purple Questions: 1. Are there more land masses in the Northern or Southern hemisphere? 2. Are there more land masses in the Eastern or Western hemisphere? 3. Which quadrant do you live in? 4. What appears to be the largest county in the world (by land size)? 5. List 4 others that would likely be in the top 5:

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4 Chapter 1: Rubenstein Questions: Answer the following on a right page in your notebook 1) What was the Land Ordinance of 1785, who wrote it and what were its results? 2) What role do familiar places have in understanding situation of an unfamiliar area? 3) How is a degree of latitude and longitude further subdivided/ give an example 4) Where and why were standard times zones first adopted 5) One contemporary approach to studying the cultural landscape is called the regional studies approach. What so geographers who adopt this approach believe regarding regions? 6) Geographers using regional studies approach argue that distinctive landscapes of different regions result from what two things? 7) How does a geographer conclude that two (or more) phenomena are spatially associated, that is that they bear some cause and effect relationship 8) In what major way does climate influence human activity? (give your own example) Left page #1: Using a political (with countries) outline world map: 1) label and draw the following: Equator, Prime meridian, International date line 2) draw, label and shade time zones Left page #2: Using your textbook, fill out the attached chart on the five themes of geography

5 5 Themes of Geography For each of the themes include a definition, areal life example and how it is used as well as a visual Location Space Place Scale Pattern

6 Types of Maps Thematic Map Word Definition Example Contour Map Topographic Map Reference Map Remote Sensing

7 Name (Please Draw Below) Mercator Map Projections Unique Features Benefits Flaws Robinson Fuller Azimuthal

8 Unit 1 Region Maps Project Geographers identify three types of regions when studying human processes. These regions are formal, functional, and vernacular and each on has a specific purpose. During this project, you will create three different maps, one for each region. Map 1 Formal Region : Draw a formal region map of Loudoun County, Virginia. Map 2 Functional Region : Draw a functional region map that includes Sterling, Virginia. Map 3 Vernacular Region : Draw a vernacular region map of what you consider Eastern Loudoun County, Virginia Requirements: 1. Color (more than 2 other than black and white) 2. Two different map scales included 3. Semi accuracy of area pictured 4. Major Towns/Roads Category 0 Point 1 Points 2 Points 3 Points 4 Points Color No Map Turned In Black and White Map One Color included Two colors included More than two colors included Map Scale No map scale present Poorly drawn and inaccurate map One poorly drawn map scale included Two poorly drawn map scales Two accurate map scales included Accuracy of Area pictured Major Towns Major Roads scale included included Inaccurate Mostly Accurate Accurate No major towns included No major roads included Some major towns included but are inaccurate and /or mislabeled Some major roads included but are inaccurate and/or mislabeled Most major towns included but are inaccurate and /or mislabeled Most major roads included but are inaccurate and /or mislabeled All major towns included but are inaccurate and /or mislabeled All major roads included but are inaccurate and /or mislabeled Creativity Unoriginal Creative All major towns accurately located and labeled All major roads accurately located and labeled

9 Scale Lab Remember Scale is the ration of the distance on the map to the distance on the earth. Common Expressions of Map Scale: 1.) Word Statement: One inch equals ten miles 2.) Graphic Scale: 3.) Representative Fraction: 1/633,600 Remember that there are 63,360 inches in a mile 1. Determine the Representative Fraction (RF) for the following verbal scales: - one inch represents 16 miles - one inch represents one mile - one inch represents 35 miles - one inch represents ½ mile 2. Establish the verbal scale for the following RF: - 1:380,000-1:1,000,000-1:25, Which of the above scales will show the greatest detail in an area of one inch by one inch? 4. Which will show the least area? 5. Explain your answers to #3 and #4: 6. Sometimes a scale is missing from a map. However, if certain pieces of information are present, the scale can be obtained by using logic. Use your logic on the following examples:

10 6a. On a certain map there are 2 towns that measure 5 inches apart on the map. You know firsthand that the towns are 20 miles apart in reality. What is the RF for this map? 6b. The Missouri football stadium is 12 ¾ inches from the Columbia Regional Airpot on a map with an RF of 1:100,000. How many miles apart are they in reality? What is the verbal scale of this map?

11 Partner Activity: Seven Key Geographic Concepts With your partner, pick a country (other than the United States and preferably one you do not know much about). Using that country, make a poster analyzing that country in light of the 7 key geographic concepts learned in class. You will present your poster to the class. You should address: 1.) LOCATION: the toponym (where did the name come from); the site description (climate, topography, elevation, etc.), the situation/relative location, and the absolute location 2.) SPACE: how did Mother Nature create your country? 3.) PLACE: how has that space been altered by human use? 4.) SCALE: this will be difficult to do here you may just approximately describe how large your country and speculate that extremely large countries, like Russia would have a smaller scale and therefore less detail than say a much smaller country like Belize. 5.) PATTERN: Find a population distribution map of your country and describe the pattern of people the pattern is likely irregular, but are they clustered in the east or the west or along a water source? Why are they there and not somewhere else? 6.) REGION: What region would your country be included in? What s significant about that region (for example: the Middle East = oil producers) 7.) GLOBALIZATION: Describe how your nation is connected to nations of other regions in some way Your poster should include words as well as symbols and pictures and should be colorful and creative. You will have some time in class, but will also need to work on the assignment at home. The posters will count as a double homework grade. Finally, the class will vote on Best Poster and that partnership will receive extra credit of 20 points on a quiz grade. You will likely need to do a little research on your country to answer some of these questions. The class set, blue Geography books will be helpful as well as the internet.

12 Wallerstein s World Systems Model Economic development indicators Infrastructure (Including roads, airports, communication systems, energy systems, waste disposal, water treatment, energy production, and food distribution systems.) Core MDC s Developed Highly advanced throughout country online in large cities Periphery LDC s Developing Under-developed or developed Labor force Highly skilled, well educated Less-skilled, time-intensive jobs Gross national product (GNP) Gross domestic product (GDP) Generally high (> $20, 000+ per capita) Generally low ($5,000 or less per capita) Population distribution Primarily urban Primarily rural Educational opportunities Majority with high school diploma; large numbers with college degrees Little education past eighth grade Availability of resources Extremely high Extremely low Standard of Living and Quality of Life Indicators Developed Developing Population growth rate Moderate Extremely high Population age distribution Fairly even Lots more young than old Literacy rate Often > 90% Often < 50% Life expectancy Close to 80 years Close to 50 or 60 year Infant mortality rate Very low Very high Percent involved in agriculture Very low Very high

13 Core, Periphery, and Semi-Periphery Regions Choose three colors and shade in Core, Periphery and Semi-Periphery Countries on the map above. In the space below using your understanding of Wallerstein s model, analyze the characteristics of each region and what similarities the countries in each grouping have:

14 APHG -- Development Terms 1. Define the following AND list other ways to describe each category (ex:core): a. MDCs- b. LDCs- 2. List 8 different ways development is measured within a country. 3. What is the HDI? How does it measure development? 4. For each of the following economic measures of development: Define and describe how calculation can be found a. GNP b. GDP c. GNI 5. Why do we measure development per capita? 6. Describe the difference between formal and informal economy. Give an example of each. 7. Define the following: a. Primary- b. Secondary- c. Tertiary- 8. Why were raw materials important to developing countries? When in their development stage are they important? 9. Who are the haves and who are the have-nots? What do/don t they have? 10. List the social indicators of development.

15 Types of Distribution & Diffusion Chart Type Definition Sketch Example Relocation Diffusion Expansion Diffusion Contagious Diffusion Hierarchical Diffusion Stimulus Diffusion Density Arithmetic Density Physiological Density Concentration Clustered/Agglomerated Dispersed

16 Unit 1 Review: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives The following concepts transcend all units in AP Human Geography. They are central to all geographic thinking and analysis and critical as a springboard for the rest of the course. Section 1: - Wallerstein - World Systems Model - LDCs/MDCs, core and periphery (know regions and their characteristics).n/s Divide, and difference between MDCs and LDS is increasing significantly - Geography as a spatial science; Where? Why? Impact? - Geography = earth writing/to write about the earth - History and Dev of Geography (Eratosthenes, Ptolemy, al Idrisi, Ibn-Battutah, Bartholomew Dias, Christopher Columbus, Ferdinand Magellan) - George Perkins Marshall - "Man and Nature" - conservationist - Carl Sauer - cultural landscapes - Quantitative Revolution - remote sensing, GPS, GIS - Physical Geog + Human Geog = Environmental Geog (sustainability, Alexander Humboldt and Carl Ritter's environmental determinism, possibilism) Section 2: - Location: toponym, site, situation (relative location), mathematical (absolute location, meridians, latitudes, time zones,), absolute and relative distance, time-space convergence - Space (Immanuel Kant) - Place - Scale - Pattern (linear, centralized, random) - Region (formal, functional/nodal, vernacular) - Interconnection/Globalization (transnational corporations) Section 3: - Cartography - Projections (Mercator, Fuller, Robinson, Azimuthal) - Distortions (shape, distance, relative size, direction) - Level of aggregation - Map scale - Resolution - Map Types: thematic, reference, cognitive, preference - Map Symbols: isoline, proportional symbols, dot maps, coropleth maps, cartograms Section 4: - Distribution: Density (arithmetic or physiological); Concentration (clustered or dispersed); Pattern - Space-time compression - Issues affecting spatial interaction: complementarity, transferability, accessibility, Friction of Distance, Tobler's 1 st Law of Geography, distance decay - Diffusion: relocation diffusion or expansion diffusion (hierarchical, contagious, stimulus - 3 global hearth/node regions (N. America, W. Europe, Japan) and major world cities NYC, London, Tokyo Also, know that this year we will be looking at numerous geographic models. A model is a simplified abstraction of reality structured to clarify causal relationships. Geographers use models to explain patterns, see the big picture, make informed decisions, and predict future behaviors. They are not always perfect and there are always exceptions to the rule however it helps us to see general patterns

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