THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY U N I T O N E

Transcription

1 THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY U N I T O N E

2 FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY 1. Location 2. Place 3. Human-Environment Interaction 4. Movement 5. Region

3 LOCATION

4 LOCATION The position that something occupies Earth s surface Absolute Location a location that is determined by latitude and longitude Relative Location where a location is relative to other places or things such as other cities, landforms, or bodies of water

5 ABSOLUTE LOCATION The precise location of any place on Earth can be found using parallels and meridians Two sets of imaginary arcs are drawn in a grid pattern on Earth s surface

6 ABSOLUTE LOCATION Parallels: AKA Latitude Runs east and west 0* = Equator Meridians: AKA Longitude Runs north and south 0* = Prime Meridian Passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England

7 Latitude measures north and south Longitude measures east and west

8 TIME ZONES Meridians calculate time; every 15*, time gains or loses an hour from Greenwich Mean Time International Date Line: About 180* Longitude Go east towards US back a day Go west towards Europe forward a day

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10 PLACE

11 PLACE What makes a place unique? What is it like in terms of human and physical characteristics? These things allow people to form a strong sense and bond to a specific location

12 SITE Site the physical characteristics of a place Characteristics included: Climate Water sources Soil Vegetation Elevation Humans manipulate site in order to make it more suitable to their culture

13 SITUATION Situation The location of a place relative to other places Helps us find an unfamiliar place by comparing its location with a familiar one Helps us understand the importance of a location because it may be accessible to other places

14 DJIBOUTI, FOR EXAMPLE

15 BUT ITS SITE AND SITUATION MAKE ALL THE DIFFERENCE SITUATION SITE

16 HUMAN- ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION

17 HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION How humans change and adapt to their physical environment Physical Geography + Human Geography

18 ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM Proposed in the 19 th century The study of how the physical environment caused human activities and social development Argued that climate was a major determinant of civilization; due to Europe s temperate climate, greater human efficiency is produced (better health, more wealth)

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20 Modern geographers reject the idea of environmental determinism and focus on possibilism the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment POSSIBILISM Examples: People can choose which crops are suitable to grow in their environment Population can be controlled by government policies, new technologies, migration, etc.

21 CULTURAL ECOLOGY The relationship between culture and the natural environment Different cultural groups modify the natural environment in distinctive ways to produce unique regions

22 POSITIVE ASPECTS

23 NEGATIVE ASPECTS

24 MOVEMENT

25 MOVEMENT Geographers think about the arrangement of people and activities found on Earth and try to understand why those people and activities are distributed as they are

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27 DIFFUSION Process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time Hearth the place from which an innovation originates

28 DIFFUSION OF CULTURE AND THE ECONOMY 3 Economic Hearth Regions (Core Areas): North America (New York City) Western Europe (London) Japan (Tokyo) What do these cities have that others may not?

29 GLOBALIZATION A force or process that makes a local process become a global phenomenon

30 GLOBALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY Most economic activities undertaken in one region are influenced by interaction with decision makers located elsewhere For example: I-Phones Concept developed in CA (better education labor) Parts processed all over the world (depends on resources) Assembled in China (cheap labor)

31 WHAT IT TAKES TO MAKE NUTELLA

32 OIL IMPORT AND EXPORT FLOWS

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34 GLOBALIZATION OF CULTURE Uniform cultural preferences (wearing jeans, using cell phones, eating McDonalds) produce global landscapes of similar cultural values Threatens the survival of local traditions, especially language and religion

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36 OPPOSING EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION Globalization can cause the following to occur in societies: Awareness and acceptance of cultural diversity Intolerance and hate between different cultures What is the irony in this statement?

37 REGION

38 REGION Applies to any area larger than a point and smaller than the entire planet Can refer to several neighboring countries or many localities within a country

39 FORMAL REGIONS AKA Homogeneous Region An area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics Language Agriculture Climate Religion Etc.

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41 FUNCTIONAL REGIONS AKA Nodal Regions An area organized around a node or focal point The region is tied to the central point by transportation or communication systems What could possibly be a Functional Region at NMBHS?

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43 VERNACULAR REGIONS AKA Perceptual Region A place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity How do y all perceive the different Vernacular Regions of the United States?

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45 yurop